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I TC H TR NGNH LM NGHIP

Bn tin FSSP
Bn tin ni b - S 36 - 37, Thng 12/2012

B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN

TRONG QUN L V BO V RNG

VAI TR CA CNG NG

WINROCK International

NI DUNG
Lm nghip cng ng: Tng quan v thc t ti Vit Nam ng qun l v lm nghip cng ng, ging hay khc nhau? Vai tr ca qun l rng cng ng trong lm nghip bn vng ti Vit Nam D n Tng cng lm nghip cng ng Vit Nam: Tm quan trng v tin thc hin ng qun l rng c dng Vit Nam Th im thc hin tham vn t nguyn, c thng bo trc, c cung cp y thng tin (FPIC) ti Vit Nam v vai tr ca cng ng trong thc hin REDD+ Bng: Din tch t rng do cng ng qun l trong khu vc ASEAN Tng cng s tham gia ca cng ng vo vic qun l rng - Nhng kinh nghim ca JICA tnh in Bin v Kon Tum 2 6 9 12 14 17 20 20

LM NGHIP CNG NG: TNG QUAN V THC T TI VIT NAM


Nguyn Quang Tn, RECOFTC, Trung tm v Con ngi v Rng

Tng quan v lm nghip cng ng trn th gii m nghip cng ng c FAO nh ngha l bt k tnh hung no m ngi dn a phng tham gia vo hot ng lm nghip. N bao gm mt lot cc tnh hung t t trng cy ly g cc khu vc thiu g v cc lm sn khc phc v cho nhu cu a phng, ti vic trng cy (rng) to thu nhp v ch bin lm sn ca cp h dn, th th cng hoc cc doanh nghip nh, n cc hot ng ca cc cng ng sng trong rng (FAO, 1978). Trong sut nhiu thp k qua, nh ngha v lm nghip cng ng tri qua nhiu thay i, t mt nh ngha ch mang tnh k thut n khi nim rng bao gm tt c cc vn , sng kin, khoa hc, chnh sch, th ch v cc qu trnh nhm tng cng vai tr ca ngi dn a phng trong cng tc qun tr v qun l ti nguyn rng. N bao gm cc sng kin khng chnh thc, da theo phong tc v mang tnh bn a, v cc sng kin chnh thc ca nh nc. Lm nghip cng ng bao hm cc vn v x hi, kinh t v bo tn trong cc hot ng khc nhau, bao gm qun l cc khu rng thing c gi tr vn ha ca ngi dn bn a, cc doanh nghip lm nghip nh, cc k hoch pht trin lm nghip, mi quan h hp tc gia doanh nghip-cng ng, phn cp v phn quyn trong qun l rng (RECOFTC 2008). Mc d lm nghip cng ng c truyn thng t lu i

Rng gn vi nui gia sc v sinh k nhng n thng c nhc ti trong mi lin h vi mt qu trnh gn y v qun l rng bi cng ng a phng c s h tr php l, k thut (v ti chnh) t cc ngun bn ngoi. L mt vn trng tm trong thp nin 70, ln sng v lm nghip cng ng gn y tip tc pht trin trong sut nhng thp k qua nhiu quc gia. L do chnh gii thch cho vic khuyn khch s tham gia ca cng ng vo cng tc qun l rng (theo Brown 1999) gm: - Khong cch ti ti nguyn rng: ngi dn a phng sng trong hay gn rng v do vy h l nhng ngi ph hp nht m bo hot ng qun l rng c hiu qu. - Tc ng: cng ng a phng l nhng ngi m cc hot ng sinh k ca h c nh hng nhiu nht n ti nguyn rng v do vy h cn phi tham gia vo cng tc qun l ti nguyn rng. - Cng bng: rng cn c qun l bi cng ng a phng

RECOFTC m bo li ch c phn b cho h mt cch ph hp. - Sinh k: Ti nguyn rng ng vai tr quan trng trong sinh k ca cng ng a phng. S tham gia ca cng ng a phng vo cng tc qun l rng s to ra nhng thay i ng k trong phng thc qun l rng nhm m bo v/hoc a dng ha li ch t rng. - Ci thin ti nguyn rng: s tham gia ca cng ng a phng vo cng tc qun l rng c th gip ci thin ti nguyn rng mt cch tt hn so vi chnh ph. - a dng sinh hc: M hnh qun l rng cng ng c th gip cho vic bo tn a dng sinh hc tt hn so vi m hnh qun l rng cng nghip. - Hiu qu chi ph: Chi ph qun l rng trc tip bi nh nc c th rt cao v qun l rng cng ng c th l mt bin php ct gim chi ph. - Thch ng: vic tha nhn s Bn tin FSSP
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Trong cc vn bn chnh thc, Lm nghip cng ng Vit Nam thng ni n mt khi nim hp v din tch rng c c thn bn qun l. Trong thc t, lm nghip cng ng c tin hnh c nhng khu rng c giao cho h bi ngi dn a phng thng hp tc vi nhau qun l rng theo hnh thc tp th.
a dng vn ha v sinh k khuyn khch vic p dng mt phng php tip cn tp trung vo s tham gia ca a phng v thch ng vi bi cnh a phng. - Qun tr: Vic khuyn khch cng ng v cc t chc cng ng tham gia vo qun l rng c th h tr vic xy dng nguyn tc trong qun l lm nghip, xy dng cc bin php kim tra v

Cc im mc quan trng trong qun l rng cng ng Vit Nam


1976: Quc hu ha ti nguyn rng, nh du thi k lm nghip quc doanh 1991: Lut Pht trin v Bo v rng c thng qua, nh du s tham gia ca ngi dn a phng vo cng tc bo v v pht trin rng 1993: Lut t ai c thng qua, quy nh cc quyn ca ngi s dng t c php cho thu, chuyn i, tha k, th chp v chuyn nhng quyn s dng t Nhng nm 90: Chnh sch i mi hng dng rng v cc d n th im v qun l lm nghip cng ng trn ton quc 2003: Lut t ai c thng qua, cng nhn quyn hng dng t ca cng ng 2004: Lut Bo v v Pht trin rng c thng qua, cng nhn quyn hng dng rng ca cng ng Nhng nm 2000: Chnh sch i mi v hng dng rng v cc d n th im v qun l rng cng ng tip tc c thc hin. D n th im quc gia v lm nghip cng ng

nh gi dch v cng. - Quan im pht trin: lm nghip cng ng c th ph hp vi cc chin lc h tr pht trin ca cng ng quc t. Cc chin lc ny t u tin cao cho cc nguyn tc v s tham gia ca cng ng, phn cp, phn quyn v h tr, cng nh thc y s tham gia ca cc t chc x hi dn s.

Trong thc t, lm nghip cng ng c th hin di nhiu hnh thc khc nhau, bao gm m hnh qun l rng chung (JFM), qun l rng hp tc, ng qun l rng v cc m hnh qun l rng tng t nh vy. Cc thut ng khc c s dng trong cc ti liu gm qun l rng da vo cng ng (CBFM), v qun l rng c s tham gia (PFM). D hnh thc qun l no th r rng l rng cng ng tr thnh mt hp phn quan trng trong cc chng trnh/d n lm nghip cc nc nhit i bng ngun vn ti tr quc t, v l mt phn quan trng ca chnh sch v thc tin lm nghip trn th gii (Brown 1999). iu ny cho thy s tha nhn vai tr quan trng ca rng trong sinh k nng thn, c bit l i vi cc cng ng ngho v sng ph thuc vo rng, v s cn thit ca vic tham gia ca cc cng ng ny vo qu trnh ra quyt nh v thc hin cc hot ng lin quan n qun l ti nguyn rng (Arnold 2001). Lm nghip cng ng Vit Nam v cc vn chnh cn xem xt Qun l rng cng ng khng

RECOFTC Mng rng l mt phn ba n hng ngy ca ngi a phng

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phi l vn mi Vit Nam. Nhiu nghin cu phn tch s tn ti ca cc m hnh qun l rng truyn thng ca ngi dn a phng ti vng khc nhau (L Th Vn Hu 2001; Nguyn Quang Tn 2005, Phm Xun Phng 2004). T u thp nin 90, vic thc hin chnh sch giao t giao rng v s h tr t cc d n pht trin quc t trong ngnh lm nghip (xem hp trn) thc y s tham gia ca cng ng a phng vo cng tc qun l rng ngy cng tng. u thp nin 2000, s tha nhn php l v quyn hng dng t v rng ca cng ng tip tc khuyn khch s pht trin lm nghip cng ng. Nhn chung, Chnh ph Vit Nam xy dng c nn tng vng chc pht trin qun l lm nghip cng ng thng qua chnh sch i mi v quyn hng dng t. Giao t giao rng l iu kin tin quyt quan trng v cn thit cng ng a phng qun l rng bn vng, thu c li ch t rng v tham gia v qu trnh ra quyt nh mt cch ch ng. Cui nm 2011, khong 26% tng din tch rng trn c nc l do ngi dn a phng qun l, di hnh thc h gia nh, c nhn hoc tp th. Tuy nhin, ch c quyn vn cha . Vic chuyn giao quyn hng dng s ch em li nhng tc ng mi trng, kinh t, chnh tr v vn ha mong mun vi iu kin cng ng a phng c th thc hin

c quyn ca h nh php lut quy nh. Ngoi ra, tm quan trng ngy cng tng ca cc khung chnh sch mi, nh PFES v REDD+, i hi phi p dng cc phng php i mi gip cng ng tip cn vi cc phng thc mi v qun tr rng. Tng t nh vy, s tham gia vo cng tc qun l cc khu bo tn v qu trnh ra quyt nh v qun tr rng l cc vn quan trng. Mc d lm nghip cng ng c cng nhn l mt phn quan trng trong chnh sch lm nghip v qun l rng, nhng tin trnh thc hin ca lm nghip cng ng li din ra chm chp trong mt vi nm qua do c nhiu l do. pht trin lm nghip cng ng trong tng lai, cn cn nhc cc vn di y (Thomas Sikor v Nguyn Quang Tn, 2011): - Sa i quy trnh lp k hoch v qun l rng v chia s li ch: Chnh ph cn thc y qu trnh m phn gia cng ng v chnh quyn a phng trong khun kh chnh sch an ton quc gia. Mt chnh sch chia s li ch nh vy s thc y qu trnh m phn v qun l rng v chia s li ch vi chnh quyn a phng. Tuy nhin, iu ny cng i hi cng ng v chnh quyn a phng tun th cc iu khon khung ca quc gia. - a cng ng tr thnh i tc trong cc chng trnh PFES v REDD+ trong tng lai: Chnh ph cn khuyn khch p dng cc hp ng t nguyn, da trn hiu qu thc hin v vic cung cp cc dch v h sinh thi rng v hp th carbon. Cng ng a phng s m phn hp ng dch v mi trng vi cc c quan nh nc c lin quan cp huyn. Trong qu trnh m phn cn cng nhau quy nh hiu qu thc hin qun l rng v cc hnh thc khen thng lin quan. - M rng giao t giao rng cho cng ng a phng: Chnh ph cn xy dng v p dng quy trnh giao t giao rng ph hp vi nhu cu v tnh hnh thc k a phng. Cc nh hoch nh chnh sch quc gia cn thc thi cc chnh sch an ton trnh vic nhng ngi c quyn lc thu tm ht li ch t qu trnh ny. - Kim sot cng tc qun tr rng a phng: Chnh ph cn p dng cc quy trnh m phn v ng qun tr rng gia cng ng v chnh quyn a phng. Cng ng a phng s c trao quyn xy dng cc quy nh lin quan n rng trong khun kh quy nh chung ca nh nc. - H tr cng ng a phng qun l rng: Chnh ph cn xy dng khung php l v ti chnh ph hp h tr hot ng ca cc t chc x hi dn s trong Bn tin FSSP
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RECOFTC S l hnh thc cng nhn chnh thc quyn ca cng ng i vi t rng

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ngnh lm nghip. Mc d cc t chc x hi dn s c th khng phi lc no cng l cc c quan c kh nng chuyn mn tt nht v qun l rng, nhng h li c u th cnh tranh vi cc c quan nh nc thng qua c cu t chc linh hot v kh nng p ng cc yu cu v mong mun ca cng ng a phng. Cui cng, xin lu ti mt s l do chnh ti sao cn thc y lm nghip cng ng v ti sao lm nghip cng ng li c th ng gp vo cc mc tiu chnh sch quan trng ca Vit Nam (Thomas Sikor v Nguyn Quang Tn, 2011), bao gm: - Qun l rng cng ng hot ng c hiu qu trn thc t: Cng ng a phng ang qun l mt din tch rng ln v li ch mi trng v v li ch ca chnh h, mc d c th c hoc khng c s tha nhn ca nh nc v cc quyn php l i vi rng - Bin php gim ngho cc vng rng min ni: Rng cung cp nhiu ti nguyn cho ngi dn a phng, tha mn c nhu cu thit yu ca h v to ra thu nhp. Lm nghip cng ng to ra mt din n cc thnh vin cng ng c c hi tho lun v thng nht v c ch chia s li ch v chin lc qun l rng c li cho ngi ngho. - Qun l rng cng ng tng cng dn ch a phng: Lm nghip cng ng c th gp phn vo nhng n lc m Chnh ph ang thc hin nhm tng cng dn ch c s. Vic trao quyn qun l v s dng rng cho ngi dn s tng cng s tham gia ca h vo qu trnh ra cc quyt nh c nh hng n i sng ca h. - Cng nhn vn ha a phng thng qua lm nghip cng ng: Rng l yu t quan trng trong vn ha a phng nhiu vng, min v vic s dng v qun l rng gn cht vi gi tr v tm nhn ca ngi dn v cnh quan mong i v tng lai y ha hn. Vic pht trin lm nghip cng ng s h tr nhng n lc ny nhm cng nhn cc truyn thng vn ha c trng. - Qun l rng cng ng v cc cam kt quc t: Vic pht trin qun l lm nghip cng ng s gip Vit Nam hon thnh cc cam kt quc t, nh Tuyn b ca Lin Hip quc v Quyn ca Ngi bn a (UNDRIP), v Cng c v a dng sinh hc (CBD).
Ti liu tham kho Arnold, J. E. M. (2001). Rng v con ngi: Hai lm nm thc hin lm nghip cng ng. Rome, Italy: T chc Lng thc v Nng nghip ca Lin hip quc. Brown, D. (1999) Cc nguyn tc & Thc tin ca m hnh ng qun l rng: Bng chng t khu vc Ty trung Phi, Ti liu s 2 v

Lm nghip nhit i ca Lin minh Chu u, London: ODI. FAO. 1978. Lm nghip v s pht trin ca cng ng a phng. Ti liu Lm nghip s 7. Rome. L Th Vn Hu. Cc c ch th ch qun l rng ngp mn da vo cng ng ti thn Giao Lc, huyn Giao Thy, tnh Nam nh, Vit Nam. Bn tin IDS s 32 (2001): 71-7. Nguyn Quang Tn. Li ch g v cho ai? Nhng tc ng ca vic trao quyn qun l rng ak Lak, Vit Nam. V. Beckmann & K. Hagedorn (eds). Aachen, c: Shaker Verlag, 2005. Phm Xun Phng. Bo co Thc trng Qun l rng cng ng Vit Nam v nhng vn t ra. 2004. H Ni RECOFTC (Trung tm v Con ngi v Rng). Ngi dn v Rng trong thi im ca s thay i nhanh chng K hoch Chin lc ca RECOFTC giai on 2008-2013. 2008. Bangkok, Thi Lan Thomas Sikor v Nguyn Quang Tn (hiu nh). Nhn thc quyn i vi rng Vit Nam: Gii quyt nhng vn trong qun l rng cng ng. 2011. Bangkok, Thi Lan

RECOFTC TRUNG TM V CON NGI V RNG RECOFTC c thnh lp nm 1987 vi tn gi Trung tm o to Lm nghip Cng ng cho khu vc chu Thi Bnh Dng, tr s chnh ti Bng Cc, Thi Lan. T nm 1989, RECOFTC bt u cc hot ng nng cao nng lc quy m khu vc. Tn gi ny c thay i l RECOFTC Trung tm v con ngi v rng t nm 2009 phn nh bc trng thnh t mt trung tm o to tr thnh ngi dn u v cung cp thng tin, o to, vn ng chnh sch v cc h tr khc trong lnh vc lm nghip cng ng. Nm 2006, RECOFTC bt u trin khai cc hot ng ti Vit Nam. Nm 2010, vn phng Chng trnh quc gia Vit Nam ca RECOFTC chnh thc bc vo hot ng. Vi s mnh chung, nhm nng cao nng lc tt c cc cp h tr ngi dn pht trin lm nghip cng ng v qun l ti nguyn rng hiu qu v tch cc, Chng trnh quc gia Vit Nam v ang cung cp cc kho tp hun, thc hin cc nghin cu nh gi, cng nh thc y qu trnh hon thin chnh sch h tr hot ng lm nghip cng ng ti Vit Nam. Cc hot ng ca RECOFTC tp chung vo bn ch chnh: - Duy tr v pht trin lm nghip cng ng - Con ngi, rng v bin i kh hu - Qun l v chuyn i mu thun - Th trng v sinh k

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NG QUN L V LM NGHIP CNG NG,

GING HAY KHC NHAU?


u bn nghin cu ti liu, bn s tm thy nhiu nh ngha khc nhau cho ng qun l v lm nghip cng ng; v, c bit i vi lm nghip cng ng, cc nh ngha khc nhau t nc ny sang nc khc. V th khng th so snh hai nh ngha n gin v c chp nhn rng ri tr li cu hi l ng qun l rng v lm nghip cng ng ging hay khc nhau. tr li cu hi ny, chng ta cn xem xt cc yu t chnh ca cc nh ngha v so snh chng. ng qun l Mt trong nhng ti liu ton din v cp nht nht v ng qun l l bi vit ca Borini-Feyerabend (2011), tm tt nhng tin b ca cc chnh sch v hip c bo tn quc t trong 15 nm qua v kt lun rng nhng hip c ny khng ch ni v s tham gia, nn vn ha v tnh cng bng m cn cp n qun tr. Ngc li vi qun l l lin quan n lm g Qun tr lin quan n ai quyt nh lm g. V vy thut ng qun tr chia s nn c s dng khi ni v ng qun l trnh tp trung mt chiu vo lm g v bao gm yu t quan trng ai quyt nh lm g. Trong bi vit ny, thut ng ng qun l c s dng vi s hiu bit r l n bao gm qun tr chia s. Qun tr chia s hay ng qun l l mt loi qun l/qun tr trong quyn ra quyt nh, trch nhim v trch nhim gii trnh c chia s gia c quan nh nc v cc bn lin quan khc, c bit l ngi dn bn a v
GZ Hp nhm ng qun l ti p V Thnh Vn, C Lao Dung, Sc Trng

Ts Klaus Schmitt, C vn trng, Chng trnh Qun l ti nguyn thin nhin vng duyn hi tnh Sc Trng

cng ng a phng, l nhng i tng sinh sng ph thuc vo ti nguyn. ng qun l c th c nhn thy dc theo mt th lin tc gia tnh hung c quan nh nc ton quyn kim sot (chng hn nh Vn Quc gia do c quan nh nc qun l) v tnh hung cc ch th a phng ton quyn kim sot (xem bng 3, trang 27, Dudley 2008). ng qun l c th t c thng qua qu trnh thng lng/ m phn qua i din chnh quyn, cng ng v cc ch th khc gp g, trao i quan im, tm thy mt tha thun v cc mc tiu v gii php v xy dng mt tha thun ng qun l hu nh chnh thc v chia s quyn hn, trch nhim v gii trnh trch nhim lin quan n lnh th, khu vc hay cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin ang b e da.

Th ch qun tr chia s s m bo cc bn lin quan khng ch x l cc vn k thut v thc t khi thc hin tha thun (lm g v cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin ang b e da), m cn gii quyt cc qu trnh v ra quyt nh v cc th ch. ng qun l l cch tip cn c p dng rng ri trn ton th gii. Tuy nhin, cc hnh thc tin hnh thng lng/m phn khc nhau v cng, cng nh cc tha thun v th ch c c. Nhiu v d t tt c cc ni trn th gii c th c tm thy trong n phm ca Borrini-Feyerabend et al. (2004) v mt v d t ng bng sng Cu Long c trnh by bi Lloyd (2010) v Schmitt (2011). Cc yu t hay cc c im ch yu ca ng qun l so vi cc hnh thc khc ca qun tr v qun l c th c tm tt nh: (1) qu trnh thng lng/m Bn tin FSSP
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s l yu t phn bit chnh. Lm nghip cng ng nhn mnh r v qun l v hn na Vit Nam, v giao t rng. Trong lm nghip cng ng vai tr ca chnh quyn thng l vai tr ca mt c vn k thut, ch khng phi l ca mt ngi cng ra quyt nh ngha l khng phi v qun tr chia s, m v qun l. Tuy nhin, trong nhng nm gn y, cc vn lin quan n qun tr tr nn ngy cng quan trng hn trong lm nghip cng ng. Vit Nam, ch c c cu qun tr c cng nhn t gc php l l qun l rng bi ton p hay qun l rng cp p (Sikor v Nguyn 2011). V vy, lm nghip cng ng c th c m t nh mt hnh thc qun tr cng ng (Borrini-Feyerabend et al. 2010) m hnh thc ny khc vi ng qun l l qun l chung hay qun tr chia s.

Hp lp k hoch ng qun l ti C Lao Dung, Sc Trng

GIZ

phn; (2) tha thun ng qun l; v (3) th ch qun tr a nguyn/ ban qun l. Lm nghip cng ng Hu ht cc nh ngha v lm nghip cng ng nhn mnh tm quan trng ca s tham gia v chia s li ch. Lm nghip cng ng thng c xem nh mt qu trnh gia tng s tham gia ca v khen thng cho ngi dn a phng; tm kim s cn bng gia quyn li bn ngoi v quyn li cng ng v gia tng trch nhim a phng trong vic qun l ti nguyn rng. Ging nh ng qun l, n cng thng c xem l kinh nghim hc tp cho tt c cc bn tham gia. Lm nghip cng ng c xc nh ln u tin bi t chc Nng lng Th gii (FAO) nm 1978, v c th c nh ngha nh mt thut ng bao trm miu t mt phm vi rng cc hot ng gn ngi dn a phng vi rng v cc sn phm v li ch t rng. Vit Nam, rng cng ng hay lm nghip cng ng cp n mt phm vi rng lin quan n cc hnh thc qun l trong qun l rng, bao gm qun l bn a truyn thng v qun l rng
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di hi v cc hp tc x. Quyn s dng t c trao thng qua s dng t c cng nhn theo cch truyn thng hoc theo kh c (s xanh, cc hp ng bo v rng hng nm), hoc lm ch t di hn di hnh thc s (Wode v Huy 2009). Cc tc gi ny nh ngha lm nghip cng ng nh cc hnh thc qun l trong ngi dn a phng cng nhau qun l cc ngun rng t nhin trong ranh gii cng ng ca h m ti quyn s dng lu di c chuyn giao sang cho nhng ngi qun l rng. iu ny khng bao gm cc hnh thc trong ngi dn a phng ch c tham gia k hp ng thu rng (s xanh) trong khi giy chng nhn s dng t vn thuc v mt cng ty lm nghip hoc n v nh nc.

Mt yu t phn bit khc l lm nghip cng ng v giao t khng hot ng hiu qu trong mi tnh hung. Sikor v Nguyn (2011) kt lun rng vic chuyn giao quyn s dng cho cng ng c t gi tr nu ngha v bo v rng quan trng hn quyn qun l rng. iu ny v d nh trong trng hp khi xem xt rng ngp mn. y ng qun l l cch hiu qu duy tr v tng cng chc nng phng h ca rng ngp mn trong khi cng lc cung cp sinh k cho cng ng a phng (Schmitt 2011). Trong tnh hnh Tm li, lm nghip cng ng nh vy, lm nghip cng ng Vit Nam l qun l rng tp khng hot ng hiu qu. trung vo lm sinh bao gm s dng g v lm sn ngoi g, lm Lm nghip cng ng (qun tr giu rng t nhin, trng rng trn cng ng) Vit Nam v ng t trng v cc li ch t dch v qun l (qun tr chia s) l nhng hnh thc khc nhau ca qun l mi trng. v qun tr m c hai hnh thc ny Kt lun nn c p dng bt c ni no Khi so snh cc yu t ch yu ph hp theo cch tip cn qun l ca ng qun l v lm nghip tng hp v ph hp vi tng a cng ng, r rng l qun tr chia im ti nguyn thin nhin.

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Ti liu tham kho Borrini-Feyerabend, G., Pimbert, M., Farvar, M.T., Kothari, A. and Renard, Y. (2004). Sharing Power Learning by Doing in Comanagement of Natural Resources throughout the World. IIED and IUCN/CEESP/ CMWG, Cenesta, Teheran. 456 pp. http:// www.iucn.org/about/union/commissions/ ceesp/ceesp_publications/sharing_power. cfm Borrini-Feyerabend, G. et al. (2010). Biocultural Diversity Conserved by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Examples and Analysis. ICCA Consortium and Cenesta for GEF SGP, GTZ, IIED and IUCN/CEESP, Theheran. 71 pp. http://www.iccaforum.org/ images/stories/Database/ea%20icca%20english.pdf Borrini-Feyerabend, G. (2011). Bo co dn: ng qun l v qun tr chia s Gii php hiu qu v cng bng i vi ti nguyn thin nhin v cc khu vc bo tn? trang 5-25. Theo: Spelchan, D.G, Nicoll, I.A. v Nguyn, T.P.H. (eds.): ng qun l /Qun tr chia s ngun Ti nguyn Thin nhin v cc khu Bo tn ti Vit Nam. K yu Hi tho Quc gia v ng qun l: Khi nim v Thc tin ti Vit Nam, Sc Trng ngy 17-19/3/2010. Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Qun l Ngun Ti nguyn Thin nhin Vng Ven bin Tnh Sc Trng, Vit Nam. http://czm-soctrang.org.vn/vn/ Publications.aspx Dudley, N. ed. (2008). Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. IUCN WCPA, Gland (Switzerland). 86 pp. http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/PAPS-

016.pdf FAO (1978). Forestry for Local Community Development. Forestry Paper 7, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. http://www.fao.org/docrep/ t0692e/t0692e00.htm Lloyd, R. (2010). ng qun l p u Th B: Mt th nghim th im cho vng ven bin Tnh Sc Trng. Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Qun l Ngun Ti nguyn Thin nhin Vng Ven bin Tnh Sc Trng. 91 trang. http://czm-soctrang.org.vn/vn/Publications. aspx. Schmitt, K. (2011). Bo tn hiu qu rng ngp mn thng qua ng qun l ti ng bng sng Cu Long, Vit Nam, trang 89102. Theo: Spelchan, D.G, Nicoll, I.A. v Nguyen, T.P.H. (eds.): xem Borrini-Feyerabend (2011). http://czm-soctrang.org.vn/vn/ Publications.aspx Sikor, T. and Nguyen, Q.T. eds. (2011). Realizing Forest Rights in Vietnam: Addressing Issues in Community Forest Management. RECOFTC The Center for People and Forests, Bangkok, Thailand. 59 pp. http://dl.is. vnu.edu.vn/bitstream/123456789/392/1/ AF574d01.pdf Wode, B. v Huy, B. (2009). Nghin cu Thc trng Lm nghip Cng ng Vit Nam. Gesellschaft fr Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), H Ni.104 trang. http://www.socialforestry.org.vn/Document/ DocumentVn/CFM%20State%20of%20 the%20Art.Viet.pdf

m bo rng rng Vit Nam ng gp vo s pht trin bn vng ca quc gia i hi phi c ci cch c bn v chnh sch v thc tin. thi im ny, chnh sch i trc thc tin, c bit l trong lnh vc PES, REDD, qun l khu bo tn c s tham gia, v vic a ngi dn trng rng quy m nh vo chui cung cp g. Cng vi nhng kha cnh khc, tn dng cc c hi ny cn c nhng ci thin ng k trong vic nng cao kh nng ca cng ng trong vic t t chc v ng qun l ti nguyn rng.Vi tng ny, bi vit ny tm tt cc kt qu ca hi tho qun l rng cng ng (lm nghip cng ng - LNC) do IUCN, T chc quc t v Bo tn thin nhin, v RECOFTC, Trung tm Con ngi v Rng, t chc vo thng 6/2011. Cc i biu tho lun xung quanh su vn sau: 1. T cch php nhn ca cng ng Rt nhiu nghin cu cho rng B Lut Dn S 2005 nn sa i tha nhn cc cng ng a phng c t cch php nhn v nh , Lut Dn S c th nht qun vi Lut Lm Nghip 2004. Tuy nhin, khi c hi th khng i biu no c th a ra v d v cc nc Chu khc chp nhn cc thn bn c t cch php nhn.
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L mt t chc thuc chnh ph c, Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH h tr Chnh ph c hon thnh cc mc tiu ca mnh trong lnh vc hp tc quc t hng ti pht trin bn vng. T nm 1993, GIZ v ang trin khai tch cc cc hot ng ca mnh vi i tc ti Vit Nam trong 3 lnh vu u tin ca hp tc pht trin: 1) Pht trin Kinh t Bn vng v o to Ngh; 2) Chnh sch Mi trng, Ngun ti nguyn v Pht trin th; v 3) Y t. Cc hot ng ca GIZ c thc hin di s y quyn ca B Hp tc Kinh t v Pht trin CHLB c (BMZ) v B Mi trng, Bo tn Thin nhin v An ton Ht nhn CHLB c (BMU). Bn cnh , GIZ cng hp tc vi C quan Pht trin Quc t xtrylia (AusAID), Lin minh Chu u (EU) v Ngn hng KfW Entwicklungsbank.

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TRONG LM NGHIP BN VNG TI VIT NAM


Jake Brunner, iu phi vin chng trnh, IUCN, H Ni, Vit Nam

VAI TR CA QUN L RNG CNG NG

Cc i biu t ra rt hoi nghi v kh nng Lut Dn S c th chp nhn cng ng nh mt php nhn. Tuy nhin, bn thn cng ng c c coi l mt php nhn hay khng khng hn l mt vn ln m vn ch liu lut php c cho php h thnh lp cc t chc c t cch php nhn nh cc ban qun l hoc hip hi c qun l h c th m ti khon ngn hng, k hp ng, v.v. Ngh nh 151 ban hnh nm 2007 cho php cng ng c php lm nh vy v nh trng hp ca GIZ, h p dng Ngh nh ny thnh lp mt ban qun l rng ti Sc Trng nhm m phn tha thun ng qun l rng ngp mn vi chnh quyn a phng. Cch tip cn ny cng s ph hp khi khng phi tt c cc thnh vin ca cng ng u mun tham gia qun l rng. Trong trng hp ny, mt nhm h gia nh c th hp li thnh lp mt t chc c t cch php nhn qun l rng. Phng php tip cn linh hot ny khng ch ph hp vi lut php m cn mang li cho B NN&PTNT mt m hnh qun l lm nghip c t ri ro. 2. Nhng quan tm ca Chnh ph i vi LNC Xoay quanh cu hi: v sao sau 15 nm th nghim, trong ni b B NN&PTNT vn c nhng quan
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im tri chiu v LNC, mt s vn c a ra tho lun. Th nht, mi d n th nghim li s dng mt phng php khc nhau v th B NN&PTNT khng c mt phng php chun thc hin theo. Th hai, cha c mt v d no v LNC c gii thiu thnh cng m khng c s h tr bn ngoi di hn. Th ba, rt nhiu quan chc chnh ph khng tin tng vo kh nng ca cng ng c th qun l rng hp l. M hnh hp tc x nng nghip li nhng k c khng tt v vic ch c mt nhm nh c hng li t hp tc x (Mc d khng c tho lun trong hi tho, mt nguyn nhn khc c th l vic gii thiu LNC ch cn mt ngun vn u t nh nhng s tn nhiu thi gian nn n khng hp dn vi cc nh hoch nh chnh sch). V bt c l do g th xut hin mt b phn trong B NN&PTNT khng ng h vic m rng LNC. 3. Hng dn khai thc Nhng nh gi v giai on 1, D n Th nghim Lm nghip cng ng ca B NN&PTNT cho thy nhng hng dn khai thc qu phc tp v tn nhiu ngun lc ca cng ng. KfW c nhng kinh nghim tng t Qung Ngi v theo hng dn ca B th k hoch khai thc phi do mt n v lm nghip chuyn nghip

chun b. Chi ph chun b cho k hoch, cng vi thi gian ch ph duyt s gim thu nhp ca cng ng ti mc gn nh khng c li nhun t khai thc. iu ny c ngha l s khng c kinh ph thc hin cc hot ng bo v rng thng thng, v vic duy tr ton b d n s gp kh khn. Tuy nhin, gn y B NN&PTNT ban hnh nhng hng dn mi cho php cng ng a phng t chun b k hoch khai thc ca ring h v trnh ln UBND huyn ph duyt (hoc khng c ph duyt) trong vng mi ngy. Trc y, phi mt hng thng th mi c kt qu. V th, khi nhng ro cn trn c xa b, nhng li ch kinh t ca LNC l kh kh quan v m hnh c th c nhn rng (t nht l nhng khu rng c cht lng tt) 4. LNC l mt h thng qun l rng c iu kin Mt iu d nhn thy l d n KfW 6 v cc d n khc l, trong nhng iu kin c th, LNC c kh nng s mang li nhng li ch x hi v kinh t kh thi sau khi d n kt thc. Tuy nhin nhng iu kin ny kh ngt ngho: nhng a im c chn ca d n KfW phi l nhng khu rng c din tch ln v cht lng tt, c s ng h mnh m ca chnh quyn a phng v c truyn thng

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thc hin LNC. Qung Ngi (v ba tnh khc Min Trung Vit Nam tham gia vo cc hot ng ca d n KfW) cng l nhng tnh d tip cn. Trong nhng iu kin ny, chi ph cho LNC s r hn chi ph qun l rng t nhin giao cho cc h gia nh v chi ph phn nh ranh gii, chi ph kim k, thc thi php lut, v.v do nhiu h gia nh cng chia s. Nhng li ch khc gm nhng tim nng ca c ch chia s li ch v kh nng qun l mt n v lm nghip bao gm nhiu n v hnh chnh nh. Tuy nhin, a phn rng giao cho cng ng l rng ngho v phn ln l nhng vng ho lnh, cch xa ng ph v ni tiu th. Ni cch khc, m hnh LNC khai thc g chi tr cc chi ph qun l ca n ch c th p dng trong mt vi trng hp. Vy cu hi c t ra l tnh kh thi ca LNC nhng khu rng ngho th nh th no? Trong cc cuc phng vn iu tra ti cc thn bn trong bo co ca IUCN/ RECOFTC, chi ph giao dch ca vic tham gia vo LNC vt qu li ch kinh t. iu ny cng c thy nhiu ni khc. V d: mt nghin cu v LNC Tanzania kt lun rng LNC lm gim chi ph giao dch cho chnh ph (nh chi ph pht sinh ca cc h gia nh tham gia vo cc cuc hp v thc hin cc quyt nh tng cng quyn s hu ca cng ng i vi cc ti nguyn rng a phng), nhng mt phn ln chi ph ny do nhng ngi dn ngho ca cng ng phi gnh chu v chi ph giao dch l mt nhn t quan trng quyt nh s thnh cng hay tht bi ca LNC

(Charles K. Meshak et al., Transaction Costs of Community-based Forest Management: Empirical Evidence from Tanzania, African Journal of Ecology, 2006). y l vn ang ni ln ti Vit Nam v trong s 2,7 triu ha rng thuc quyn qun l ca y Ban Nhn Dn v c k hoch giao cho cng ng vo nm 2020, a phn u l rng ngho kit. 5. LNC/REDD Mt cch gii quyt vn rng ngho l c th s dng REDD to cc ng lc ti chnh cho cng ng, cho php rng c th c phc hi thng qua vic ti sinh rng. S ph hp ca c ch ti chnh REDD (gi nh quy m ca REDD c th m rng, bao gm AF/AR khi Ngh nh th Kyoto kt thc vo thng 12 nm 2012) ch rng ti sinh c th hp th carbon rt nhanh (khng nh rng trng thnh). Xy dng mt chin lc ti chnh khi phc nhng khu rng b suy thoi c vai tr c bit quan trng v B NN&PTNT, trc nhng p lc t cc doanh nghip, ban hnh thng t 58, cho php trng cao su trn nhng khu rng c tr lng cy ng di 100 mt khi/hcta (theo FAO, tr lng cy ng trung bnh ca Vit Nam l 65 m3/ hc-ta). Cng c nhiu bo co khc ni v vic trng cy keo trn t rng suy thoi. 6. Giai on 2, d n th nghim ca B NN&PTNT Giai on 2, D n th nghim LNC ca B NN&PTNT c ngn sch hn 2 triu EUR, tin hnh t thi im hin ti n ht nm

2012. Mt ch lun c nhc ti trong nghin cu ca IUCN/ RECOFTC v cc nghin cu khc l vic gii thiu LNC s cn thi gian, bn khng th mua LNC c th tip tc sau khi d n kt thc. V th cu hi t ra: c th t c nhng g trong khong thi gian ngn nh vy? Theo cuc tho lun, iu u tin phi lm l c c s ng h t lnh o B NN&PTNT nhn rng m hnh LNC vi nhng iu kin ng n; hai l phi nghin cu kh nng REDD c th ti tr chi ph giao dch v chi ph c hi cho cng ng phc hi nhng khu rng b suy thoi. Nhng kt qu nghin cu ca IUCN/RECOFTC, cng vi cc nghin cu khc ca RECOFTC (nh ti Ha Bnh v c-Lc) v nhng bi hc rt ra t nhng d n LNC khc ti Vit Nam s c th c xem xt thc hin nh mt phn ca d n th nghim LNC ca B NN&PTNT. Thm vo , RECOFTC s chun b mt nh gi LNC ti Vit Nam, gp phn h tr s pht trin ca LNC ti Vit Nam trong tng lai. 7. Nhng bnh lun Kt thc hi tho, Matthew Markopoulos, iu phi vin cc d n qun l rng ca IUCN rt ra ba bnh lun: Nu cng ng c trao quyn lc mi, h c th s khai thc bao nhiu ty h mun v vi tc h mun (cht v chy) trc khi nhng chnh sch c th thay i v rng s b ng ca ln na (Trung Quc ang i mt vi vn tng t, mt ln sng cht ph rng sau khi giao rng cho
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cc h gia nh ni ln). V th, chnh sch v quyn s dng t n nh rt quan trng, tng t nh trong mt nn chnh tr khng x pht nhng nh hoch nh chnh sch a phng bit chp nhn ri ro ra nhng quyt nh thng minh. C mt s ro cn k thut thc hin LNC. Ri ro ln nht l t nhng xung t ni b v trch nhim ca ngi ng u, c ch chia s li ch, v.v v t nhng p lc chnh tr v kinh t bn ngoi. Cc nh ti tr v cc t chc bn ngoi rt kh c th gii quyt nhng vn ny v h nhn mnh vai tr (mi) l chnh ph cn phi ng vai tr l ngi h tr v l mt quan ta khch quan. Nhng xung t ni b gia tng l iu khng th trnh khi khi c nhng thay i trong th trng v cc iu kin bn ngoi khc. Cui cng, nhng phn bin v LNC khng nn da trn cc h t tng hoc nhng kin c nhn. Vit Nam nn ra quyt nh da trn nhng thng tin v nhu cu ca th trng v hng ha v dch v kinh t, x hi v mi trng t rng v sau tin hnh cc h thng qun l (i vi cc c nhn, h gia nh, cng ng, doanh nghip t nhn, doanh nghip nh nc, v.v) c th t c nhng kt qu trn mt cch tt nht trong nhng iu kin khc nhau.

IUCN c lch s cng tc lu di ti Vit Nam t khi t chc ny h tr chnh ph xy dng Chin lc Bo tn Quc gia nm 1984. K t , IUCN c nhng ng gp ng k cho vic bo tn a dng sinh hc v bo v mi trng, c bit l thng qua vic xy dng lut v cc chnh sch. S mnh ton cu ca IUCN l Gy nh hng, khuyn khch, v h tr cc quc gia trn ton th gii nhm bo tn tnh ton vn v a dng ca thin nhin v m bo rng vic s dng ti nguyn thin nhin hp l v bn vng v mt sinh thi. Nh nu trong Khung Chin lc 2007 2010, s mnh ca IUCN Vit Nam l Gy nh hng, khuyn khch, v h tr cng cuc bo tn a dng sinh hc v vic s dng ti nguyn thin nhin hp l v bn vng Vit Nam nhm ci thin cht lng cuc sng ngi dn. Tm nhn ca IUCN l: Tr thnh t chc hng u v bo tn v mi trng, hot ng trong mi quan h i tc vi chnh ph Vit Nam, t chc x hi dn s, v khi doanh nghip nhm thc y hot ng pht trin bn vng hiu qu nht; duy tr tnh ton vn v mi trng; v thc y sinh k bn vng cho ngi dn.

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D n
TNG CNG LM NGHIP CNG NG VIT NAM:

tm quan trng v tin thc hin

Dr. Nguyn Ngha Bin, Nguyn Hng L, V K hoch Ti chnh, Tng cc Lm nghip

nm 2006, Qu y thc Lm nghip (TFF) h tr B NN&PTNT thc hin th im D n qun l lm nghip cng ng vi tn gi Chng trnh qun l lm nghip cng ng, giai on th im 2006-2009. D n c thc hin ti 64 thn, 38 x ca 10 tnh, gm: in Bin, Sn La, Lng Sn, Cao Bng, Yn Bi, Ngh An, Qung Tr, Tha Thin Hu, Gia Lai v k Nng. Qu trnh thc hin d n thit lp c nn tng cho vic qun l lm nghip cng ng Vit Nam, trong bao gm vic cung cp cc hng dn s b v qun l rng da vo cng ng, c h tr bi mt khung php l v quy hoch s dng t, giao t lm nghip, tha thun chia s li ch, qun l rng v qun l ti chnh. Tuy nhin, thi gian thc hin D n ngn nn khng cho php th nghim cc hng dn v qun l rng da vo cng ng trn thc t kim chng v rt ra cc bi hc kinh nghim. cng c kt qu ca D n giai on th im v th ch ho chnh sch v qun l rng cng ng Vit Nam, D n Tng cng lm nghip cng ng Vit Nam c xy dng nh l giai on II ca D n th im. D n tip tc c trin khai ti 59 cng ng (thuc 35 x) trong 9 tnh: in Bin, Sn La, Lng Sn, Cao Bng, Yn Bi, Ngh An, Qung Tr, Tha Thin Hu v k Nng. Thi gian thc hin t thng 5/2012 n thng 12/2013. Mc tiu ca D n: Mc tiu chnh: To iu kin thc y s tham gia tch cc ca cc cng ng a phng Vit Nam vo vic qun l ti nguyn rng t nhin mt cch cng bng v bn vng v mt sinh thi; gp phn nng cao thu nhp v gim ngho i vi nhng cng ng sng da vo rng. Mc tiu c th: 1. Tng kt, nh gi m hnh ca cc d n lm nghip cng ng v ang c p dng ti liu ha, ph bin v nhn rng. 2. Cng c cc hot ng c hiu qu, cc m hnh

thnh cng ca d n Chng trnh th im LNC giai on 1 t c tnh bn vng v cng bng x hi mc cao hn. 3. Hon thin v th ch ha mt s vn bn quy phm php lut h tr cho vic thc hin qun l rng cng ng Vit Nam bao gm cc hng dn k thut v Lm nghip cng ng, Quyt nh ca B Nng nghip v PTNT v vic trin khai LNC v d tho s b Ngh nh ca Chnh ph. 4. Nng cao nng lc qun l rng cng ng v nng cao nng lc/nhn thc kin thc ca cc bn c lin quan v PFES, REDD, FLEGT v rng cng ng c lin quan n qun l lm nghip v cng bng x hi. 5. Xy dng h thng qun l kin thc v Lm nghip cng ng, phc v cc t chc c nhn lm vic ti hin trng hoc lm cng tc nghin cu v o to, hc tp trong v ngoi nc; bao gm c qu trnh ng dng thc tin ca cn b lm nghip cc cp, cc cng ng a phng v ng o ngi dn. Kt qu u ra ca D n: D n Tng cng lm nghip cng ng Vit Nam kt thc s to nn mng cho hot ng qun l lm nghip cng ng Vit Nam, t vic hon thin khung php l, hng dn k thut, n cc gii php thc y khc nhm gp phn qun l lm nghip mt cch bn vng. ng thi, D n cng s ng gp vo thc hin mt trong nhng nhim v quan trng ca ngnh lm nghip trong thi gian ti c xc nh trong K hoch bo v v pht trin rng 20112020; l tin hnh giao khon hn 2 triu ha rng, t rng hin do UBND cc x ang qun l cho cc i tng ch yu l cng ng a phng, h gia nh qun l, s dng bn vng, lu di. Thng qua , D n s gp phn gii quyt cc vn v cng bng x hi, chia s li ch, bnh ng gii, nhng kh khn kinh t ca ngi dn sng ba rng gn vi cc mc tiu xa i gim ngho. Bn tin FSSP

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Tnh hnh thc hin v kt qu bc u ca D n: Theo tin ca D n, trong thng 10-11/1012 hot ng nh gi cc m hnh d n lm nghip cng ng (Hot ng 1) ang c thc hin ti cc tnh. Kt qu t hot ng nh gi ny s c tng kt, chia s ti Hi tho Quc t Chia s kinh nghim v qun l rng cng ng d kin t chc vo Qu I nm 2013 vi s tham gia ca cc d n, cc chng trnh v qun l rng cng ng v ang thc hin ti Vit Nam v trn th gii. h tr pht trin qun l rng cng ng mt cch bn vng, ng thi tip tc cng c thnh qu ca Pha 1 v lng ghp cc chng trnh, d n khc trn a bn cc tnh (Hot ng 2), trong thng 10/1012 cc tnh vng d n tin hnh r sot, nh gi vic s dng qu bo v v pht trin rng c h tr Pha 1 xc nh ra nhng cng ng s dng qu c hiu qu, trn c s quyt nh vic h tr b sung qu t d n cho cng ng. Cc hot ng chnh v tin thc hin D n:

ng thi, cc a phng cng xc nh, xut thc hin nhng m hnh tng thu nhp t rng cho ngi dn, gim thiu tc ng c nh hng xu n rng. Trn c s kt qu nh gi v xut ph hp, d n s h tr thc hin cc m hnh trong thi gian tip theo. D n cng ang thc hin vic r sot c ch chnh sch lin quan n lm nghip cng ng, cc vn bn v hng dn k thut v qun l rng cng ng, trn c s , cng vi qu trnh thc hin tip theo ca D n hon thin v th ch ho cc chnh sch v vn bn php l h tr cho thc hin m qun l rng cng ng phm vi quc gia (Hot ng 3). Ngoi ra, D n cng ang phi hp vi cc d n lm nghip Vit Nam, cc t chc trong nc v quc t, c bit l RECOFTC, trin khai cc hot ng ca D n theo k hoch c ph duyt.

Hot ng chnh

Thi gian thc hin

1. Tng kt, nh gi cc m hnh d n lm nghip cng Thng 8-12/2012 ng v ang c p dng ti liu ho, ph bin v nhn rng

2. H tr pht trin qun l rng cng ng mt cch bn vng. Tip tc cng c cc hot ng thnh cng ca Thng 10/2012 n thng 11/2013 D n pha I v lng ghp vo cc chng trnh, d n khc trn a bn cp tnh

3. Hon thin v th ch ho cc chnh sch v vn bn php l h tr cho thc hin m qun l rng cng ng Thng 10/2012 n thng 12/2013 phm vi quc gia Thng 10/2012 n thng 10/2013

4. Nng cao nng lc cho cc bn lin quan cc cp

5. Xy dng h thng qun l kin thc v lm nghip cng ng hoc c s d liu kin thc qun l rng cng ng phc v li ch quc gia

Thng 1-12/2013

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QU BO TN VIT NAM: C CH TI CHNH THC Y


Hunh Quang Nh, Chuyn gia X hi v ng tham gia, Qu Bo tn Vit Nam

NG QUN L RNG C DNG


trng cht g tri php hu ht cc rng c dng suy gim chm; Nn sn bn v by bt th rng vn ang y cc loi qu him c gi tr bo tn quc t cao n b vc tuyt chng; Tnh trng khai thc qu mc lm sn ngoi g vn cn tip din. Khng nhng th, bt u xut hin cc e da mi c xu hng gia tng nh: Cc d n thy in; c canh cy cng nghip, nguyn liu vng m dn n phn mnh, c lp rng c dng; Pht trin c s h tng ng giao thng. Nhm to ra mt c ch mnh c th li cun cng ng cng tham gia vo cng tc qun l ti nguyn, VCF tin hnh th im C ch chia s li ch theo phng thc ng qun l nh l mt cch chia s trch nhim qun l ti nguyn gia cc c quan qun l nh nc vi cc cng ng s dng ngun li. Hng lot cc nghin cu, hi tho c t chc v kt qu l mt quyt nh cho php th im c ch chia s li ch ti hai Vn quc gia Bch M v Xun Thy c Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh vo thng 2 nm 2012. Cc bc trin khai ng qun l rng c dng. nh gi nhu cu bo tn: Mt nghin cu theo phng php ng tham gia c tin hnh nhm xc nh nhu cu bo tn ca khu rng c dng. Trong , cc mi e da i vi rng c dng c lit k, tho lun, phn tch, nh gi v c phn loi theo cc tiu ch bo tn. Mt lot cc gii php, hnh ng nhm ngn chn v gim thiu cc mi e da mang tnh cp thit i vi rng

i cnh: T nm 1990 Vit Nam bt u ci cch ngnh lm nghip bng cch giao t rng thuc nh nc qun l cho cc a phng v h gia nh. Lut t ai nm 1993 cng bt u ghi nhn quyn s dng lu di ca ngi dn i vi t lm nghip. Trong sut 20 nm qua, Chnh ph Vit Nam a ra nhiu chng trnh, chnh sch nhm bo v v phc hi din tch rng t nhin nh chng trnh 327, Chng trnh 661... Cc chnh sch trn bc u mang li nhng kt qu kh quan. Rng t nhin tng ln t nm 1990 l 8.430.000 ha n nm 2011 l 10.285.383 ha, theo , rng trng cng tng t 745.000 ln 3.229.681 ha; che ph rng tng t 27,8 ln 39,7%1 . Tuy nhin; cc chng trnh ny cng bc l mt s hn ch nh mt phn din tch rng t nhin b chuyn sang trng cc loi cy mc nhanh lm gim cht lng rng. nh mc giao khon thp, ngi dn mang mc cm tr thnh ngi trng rng thu cho nh nc trong khi theo truyn thng vn ha th rng vn l ca h. Vic ng ca rng khi m vic thc thi lut khng trit do thiu nhn lc, ch ti to ra bt bnh ng v s dng ti nguyn rng gia cc nhm chnh thc v khng chnh thc. Cc nhm b nh hng thng l cc cng ng dn tc thiu s c sinh k gn lin vi rng (c bit l ph n v h ngho). Cc kt qu nghin cu ca Qu Bo tn Vit Nam (VCF) t nm 2009 n nay ti 74 Khu rng c dng trn ton quc cho thy: tnh
1 Ngun: Theo Quyt nh Q2089/ BNN-TCLN ngy 30/8/2012

c dng s c Ban qun l la chn thc hin vi s h tr ca VCF. Tham vn x hi: Cc mc tiu bo tn ca rng c dng c nghin cu trong bi cnh pht trin kinh t x hi ca vng m nhm tm hiu xem liu c nhng xung t hay khng, cch thc gim thiu xung t (nu c). Cc mi e da cng s c tham vn vi cc cng ng sng bn trong (nu c) v xung quanh rng c dng, c bit l cc nhm d b tn thng nh dn tc thiu s, ph n nhm tm ra nhng gii php ti u. Nng cao nng lc: Tin hnh cc cuc tp hun cung cp cho ban qun l nhng kin thc, k nng v ng qun l m bo cc hot ng c thc hin theo ng tin trnh. Xc nh nhu cu v ngun lc: Cc nghin cu nh tnh v nh lng c tin hnh nhm xc nh nhu cu s dng ti nguyn, kin thc bn a v s dng ti nguyn ca cc cng ng xung quanh rng c dng. Lp bn phn b ti nguyn, nh gi tr lng v s lng cho php khai thc bn vng. Tha thun: Tin hnh cc cuc hp thn, x nhm tho lun vi cc cng ng xung quanh v kt qu nghin cu v a ra cc tha thun v cc kh nng chia s ti nguyn ca rng c dng cng nh xc nh vai tr, trch nhim v quyn li ca ngi hng li v cc bn lin quan. Tng cng thc thi php lut v h tr sinh k: Tin hnh thnh lp cc i tun tra bo v
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VCF

rng thn bn, xy dng mng li ng qun l ti cc cng ng xung quanh rng c dng v tin hnh tun tra bo v rng c phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng khc nh cng an, b i ti a phng. Cung cp cc m hnh sinh k nhm gim nh tc ng tiu cc c th to ra do vic tng cng thc thi lut. To thm thu nhp cho cc h gia nh ngho c sinh k ph thuc vo rng, c bit l nhm ph n. Tin hnh c ch chia s li ch2 : Cc hat ng tin hnh chia s li ch vi cc cng ng xung quanh rng c dng c tin hnh theo cc bc: (1) thnh lp hi ng qun l; (2) xy dng cc quy ch v ph duyt; (3) ng k tham gia c ch chia s li ch; (4) thnh lp v ph duyt phng n; (5) tha thun chia s v (6) gim st, gii quyt tranh chp3 .
2 Hin ch c 2 khu rng c dng c php tin hnh th im c ch ny l VQG Bch M v Xun Thy 3 Xem thm s tay hng dn c ch chia s li ch do VCF ban hnh.

Nhng kt qu t c C 74 khu rng c dng trn ton quc tin hnh cc nghin cu nh gi nhu cu bo tn v tham vn x hi nhn c cc gi ti tr (t 50.000USD n 200.000USD) t VCF nhm gim thiu cc mi e da v t c cc mc tiu bo tn ca mnh. Nng lc qun l bo tn ca cc Ban qun l v cn b cng tc ti cc rng c dng c nng cao. Mi quan h gia cc Ban qun l rng c dng vi cc cng ng vng li v vng m c ci thin r rt thng qua cc hot ng tuyn truyn, mng li ng qun l. Cc cng ng sng bn trong v xung quanh cc khu rng c dng tch cc tham gia mt cch ch ng vo cc hot ng qun l ti nguyn nh tun tra bo v rng, tham gia phng chy cha chy, chia s thng tin v cam kt khai thc ti nguyn mt cch

bn vng. Thu nhp ca cc nhm d b tn thng c ci thin thng qua cc m hnh sinh k bn vng. Cc v xm phm ti nguyn rng gim ng k do cng tc thc thi lut c ci thin vi s tham gia mnh m ca cc cng ng vng m v vng li. Nhiu loi mi c pht hin v bo v thng qua cc hot ng gim st a dng sinh hc. Cc kh khn, thch thc i vi ng qun l. Theo quan nim truyn thng ca cc dn tc thiu s Vit Nam th rng thuc s hu thing ling ca cng ng, nhng sau cc thay i ca cc chnh sch pht trin kinh t nh pht trin nng lm trng, kinh t mi, th ha th cc cng ng dn tc bn a mt dn cm gic gn b ca h i vi rng, cm gic xa l, thnh ngi ngoi trong khng gian vn ha mi, trn chnh mnh t c ca qu hng mnh.

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Mt s d n, chng trnh qun l ti nguyn tip cn theo hng ng qun l kh thnh cng Vit Nam u tp trung vo lnh vc ngh c. Cc d n ng qun l ti nguyn rng tng i mi v c quy m nh, mc nh hng khng ln. Hot ng ny thiu bn vng v cc gi ti tr ca VCF l nh nn kinh ph cho cc hat ng ng qun l b hn ch. Mt khi ngun kinh ph b ct th cc hat ng ny khng duy tr c. Khung php l cho ng qun l ti nguyn rng cha hon thin m ch mang tnh th im khin cc hot ng chia s li ch ca rng c dng ch dng li mc cc d tho tha thun. Nng lc ca cc ban qun l rng c dng cn hn ch trong khi hu ht cc cng ng sinh sng xung quanh rng c dng phn ln l cc nhm dn tc thiu s c khc bit v ngn ng, tp tc vn ha l ro cn cho vic thc y ng qun l. Khuyn ngh Thc t cho thy nu ch ring lc lng Kim lm th vic bo v ti nguyn rng l khng th. V vy, cn chia s trch nhim qun l vi cc nhm, cc cng ng c nhu cu s dng ti nguyn theo hng ng qun l m trong nh nc bo v c ti nguyn rng v ngi dn th c hng li ti nguyn mt cch bn vng. Cn b tr nhiu kinh ph hn na cho cc d n, chng trnh qun l ti nguyn theo hng ng qun l nhm li cun ngi dn tham gia ch ng vo vic bo v bn vng ti nguyn rng. Cn to ra mt khung php l hon chnh hoc cho php th im C ch chia s li ch nhiu khu rng c dng mang tnh c trng ca cc sinh cnh khc nhau trn khp c nc.

Lng ghp cc hot ng ng qun l vo k hoch qun l iu hnh ca cc khu rng c dng vi ngun kinh ph c th nhm duy tr bn vng hot ng ny. Cc Ban qun l rng c dng cn nhn nhn ng vai tr ca ng qun l trong bo v ti nguyn rng. Ban qun l cng cn c trang b kin thc, k nng v ng qun l nhm m bo a ra cc iu chnh kp thi trong vic trin khai, gim st v nh gi hat ng theo ng tin trnh.

REDD+ l g? REDD+ l mt sng kin quc t bao gm 5 hot ng ring bit (a) gim pht thi kh nh knh do mt rng; b) gim pht thi kh nh knh do suy thoi rng; (c) bo tn tr lng carbon rng; (d) qun l rng bn vng; (e) nng cao tr lng carbon rng. Vit Nam l mt trong nhng nc chu nh hng ln do nhng tc ng ca bin i kh hu. Vit Nam c nhng chnh sch thch ng vi bin i kh hu v lm gim nh pht thi kh nh knh, trong c cam kt thc hin REDD+. T nm 2009, cng vi quc t, Vit Nam c nhng bc tin a ngnh Lm nghip vo thc hin REDD+ v xy dng nng lc quc gia cng nh c s thc hin REDD+. Vit Nam l mt trong chn quc gia u tin trin khai chng trnh UN-REDD vo nm 2009. FPIC l g? Tham vn t nguyn, c thng bo trc v c cung cp y thng tin (FPIC) l nguyn tc da trn quyn li, th hin cho quyn t quyt, quyn lin quan ti t ai, lnh th v ngun ti nguyn thin nhin, quyn v vn ha v quyn t do khng phn bit chng tc. FPIC p dng nhng quyt nh quan trng thc hin nhng hnh ng c kh nng Bn tin FSSP
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Qu Bo tn rng c dng Vit Nam (VCF) do Qu Mi trng Ton cu (GEF), Qu U thc Lm nghip TFF v Cng ng chung Chu u (EC) ti tr. VCF cung cp h tr k thut quc t v trong nc nng cao nng lc cho cc ban qun l rng c dng v cng ng a phng nhng khu nhn c ti tr; VCF h tr cp trung ng xy dng mt c ch ti chnh lu di cho cng tc bo tn ti Vit Nam. VCF hin ang cung cp cc khon ti tr nh cho 70 khu rng c dng c tm quan trong quc t v gi tr a dng sinh hc. Cc khon ti tr ny c cp da trn nguyn tc chn lc cnh tranh tng cng cng tc qun l rng.

16 16

TH IM THC HIN THAM VN T NGUYN, C THNG BO TRC, C CUNG CP Y THNG TIN (FPIC) TI VIT NAM V VAI TR CA CNG NG TRONG THC HIN REDD+
Nguyn Th Thu Huyn, Qun c, Chng trnh UN-REDD Vit Nam

i din cho 16 triu ngi dn. Hu ht h sng vng ni, khu vc c nhiu rng. Gn 30 dn tc thiu s sng hai huyn ny tnh Lm ng, nhng ch c 6 dn tc thc s sng ti vng ny, nhng dn tc khc u l dn di c t vng khc trong vi thp k trc. Bn nguyn tc c bn trong qu trnh thc hin th im FPIC: 1. FPIC nn c thc hin i vi cc cng ng sng rng v ra rng. 2. Cc hot ng FPIC cn ch ng hng ti cng ng ch khng ch ch i h tham gia. 3. Khng gi nh c tnh ng nht gia cc cng ng 4. Ngi c quyn cung cp nhng hng dn c bn v cc th tc ng thun Tm kim vic thc hin FPIC ti Vit Nam: Quy trnh 8 bc Quy trnh 8 bc c thc hin hn 5 thng u nm 2010. Bc 0 Chun b Mt bn tm tt c s php l cho s tham gia ca cng ng a phng/FPIC ti Vit Nam c chun b, ti liu truyn thng, bao gm p phch, s tay v chng trnh, video, cc ti liu khc v bin i kh hu, khi nim v REDD+ v cc hot ng ca UN-

Ngi dn a phng v thc y vin sau cuc hp FPIC

nh hng ti t ai, lnh th v ngun ti nguyn m ngi nm quyn da vo vn ha, phng tin sinh sng v mt vt cht v tinh thn. Trong s cc nguyn tc hng dn cho Chng trnh UN-REDD, FPIC cho ngi dn a phng v cc cng ng ph thuc rng khc cn c quan tm v cn thit nhm m bo s tham gia y v hiu qu ca h trong qu trnh ra quyt nh v hnh thnh chnh sch trong cc hot ng v Chng trnh UNREDD. V sao REDD+ li cn c FPIC?1 cc d n v chng trnh REDD+ c c s tn nhim ca a phng th vic thng tho s dng cc ngun ti nguyn phi
1 Free Prior and Informed Consent in REDD+ (2011)

cng nhn c quyn ca ngi dn bn a cng nh cc cng ng a phng - nhng ngi sng gn rng v ph thuc vo rng. Khng cng nhn iu ny th c th dn ti mu thun v gy kh khn trong vic tm kim sinh k v tip cn cc ngun ti nguyn. V vy, vic xc nh ai c quyn vi loi t ai no l mt bc quan trng to iu kin cho c qu trnh v tn trng quyn cng ng trong vic thc hin FPIC. FPIC ti Vit nam L nc u tin trin khai cc hot ng chun b thc thi REDD+ ti a phng, Chng trnh UN-REDD Vit Nam tin phong thc hin FPIC ti hai huyn Lm H v Di Linh, tnh Lm ng. Vit Nam c 53 dn tc thiu s vi 8 ngn ng chnh,

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REDD cng c chun b, vic t vn vi lnh o cc huyn v tnh v quy trnh FPIC c thc hin. Bc 1 T vn vi lnh o a phng Chng trnh UN-REDD Vit Nam t chc nhiu t nng cao nhn thc cho lnh o x, huyn, tnh, trng thn, Hi ph n v on thanh nin nhm m bo cc nguyn tc hng dn v Chng trnh cng cc hot ng cp huyn c hiu r. Cc ti liu truyn thng cng c phn pht nng cao thm nhn thc. Lnh o x, huyn, tnh cng xem xt xut cho bc 2 ti bc 7 ca quy trnh. Tivi, i pht thanh v truyn hnh a phng cng pht cc chng trnh v bin i kh hu v REDD+ bng ting Vit v ting KHo. Bc 2 Tuyn dng tuyn truyn vin Chng trnh UN-REDD tuyn cc tuyn truyn vin nng lc tuyn truyn ti cc thn hai

huyn Lm H v Di Linh. Tuyn truyn vin khng phi cn b nh nc v t nht thng tho mt ngn ng ca dn tc thiu tc ca huyn Lm H v Di Linh. Bc 3 o to tuyn truyn vin Chng trnh UN-REDD t chc cc chng trnh hun luyn 24 tuyn truyn vin, trang b kin thc v bin i kh hu, REDD+ v v chng trnh UN-REDD, tp hun k nng tuyn truyn... Bc 4 Nng cao nhn thc ti a phng Mi nhm tuyn truyn vin (khong 4 ngi) chu trch nhim tuyn truyn khong 10 thn m h tho ting ca thn . Tuyn truyn vin lin h vi trng thn sp xp bui hp , a im v thi gian. Trong qu trnh tuyn truyn vin cung cp cc thng tin v bin i kh hu, REDD+ v cc hot ng ca Chng trnh UNREDD, cc cuc hp c s dng ti liu truyn thng minh ha.

Bc 5 Hp thn Ti mi cuc hp thn, tuyn truyn vin cung cp cc thng tin v bin i kh hu, REDD+, cc hot ng m Chng trnh d kin trin khai, c cc ti liu c dch sang ting a phng. Tuyn truyn vin tr li cc cu hi, sau cho ngi dn t tho lun a ra quyt nh chung hay s tr li vo ngy sau . Ti bui hp, s c thng phiu ngi dn cho kin b vo . Bc 6 Ghi li cc quyt nh Sau khi tho lun, ngi dn a ra quyt nh ca mnh. Tn, tui, gii tnh, dn tc mi ngi tham gia hp s c ghi li. Bc 7 Tuyn truyn vin bo co li cho Chng trnh UNREDD Bin bn ca cuc hp thn d c s ng thun hay khng u c tuyn truyn vin bo co li cho Chng trnh UN-REDD. Vic kim tra nh gi quy trnh

Dn a phng ng thun v REDD

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FPIC s c tin hnh c lp bi Trung tm v con ngi v rng (RECOFTC), mt t chc quc t chuyn v tng tc gia cng ng v rng. Chng trnh UN-REDD Vit Nam nhanh chng tin hnh th im FPIC ti tnh Lm ng, mt phn tun theo cc quy nh ca UNDRIP (Tuyn b v quyn ca ngi dn bn a ca Lin Hip quc) th hin s cam kt tn trng ca Chng trnh i vi Tuyn b ny, nhng quan trng hn l c nhng bi hc kinh nghim tin hnh FPIC cho REDD+ sau ny. Quy trnh ny cha tng c th nghim trc .REDD+ l mt khi nim rng, phc tp nhng li cha c nh ngha y , lin quan n hng ha v hnh (gim pht kh thi nh knh) v kh m t c li ch v nguy c ca REDD+, ch ng ni n vic lng ha. Thm vo , FPIC cho REDD+ cn thc hin quy m x hi v a l su rng hn so vi cc FPIC trc y. Th

im ti 78 thn ch l mt phn nh cho nhng g s thc hin cho FPIC ca REDD+. Chng trnh UN-REDD Vit Nam quyt nh tin hnh FPIC d khng c nhiu kinh nghim, trn trng nhng nguyn tc c trc y v chp nhn thc t rng quy trnh s khng th hon ho v khng c sai st g. Cc bc tip theo Cn m bo rng cc cng ng c thng bo v ton b quy trnh, cc kt lun cui cng. Trong mi ln thc hin, kt lun cui cng s gm pht trin kinh t x hi ca x, huyn, tnh v k hoch s dng t m phn nh nhng mong mun ca cng ng v REDD+. Tm quan trng ca FPIC trong cc hot ng REDD+ Cng c khung Lin Hip quc v bin i kh hu (UNFCCC) nu r ti Tha thun Cancun: S

tham gia y v hiu qu ca cc bn lin quan, c bit l ngi dn bn x v cc cng ng a phng trong cc hot ng c cp on 70 v 72 ca quyt nh. Cng vi cc i hi php l th cng c nhng l do thc t REDD+ tn trng vic thc hin FPIC. Ngi dn a phng v bn a ng vai tr ln quyt nh s thnh cng ca REDD+. H c vai tr quan trng trong vic thc hin cc hot ng v chnh sch ca d n, v nh vy c vai tr vi kt qu gim pht thi kh nh knh. H cng l trung tm vic nh gi s gn kt cc tiu chun x hi hay an ton thc hin REDD+ do cc c quan thay mt cc nh u t lnh vc lm nghip da trn tn ch carbon tin hnh. Nhng nh gi nh vy s quyt nh gi tr php l v gi tr ca tn ch carbon.

Chng trnh UN-REDD l sng kin hp tc ca Lin Hp quc v Gim thiu Pht thi t mt rng v suy thoi rng (REDD) ti cc nc ang pht trin. Chng trnh c khi xng t nm 2008 v c xy dng da trn vai tr triu tp v c vn k thut ca T chc Nng Lng Lin Hp quc (FAO), Chng trnh Pht trin Lin Hp quc (UNDP) v Chng trnh Mi trng Lin Hp quc (UNEP). Chng trnh UN-REDD h tr cc qu trnh REDD+ ca quc gia v thc y s tham gia c bo trc v c ngha ca tt c cc bn lin quan, bao gm ngi dn bn a v cc cng ng sng ph thuc vo rng khc trong vic thc hin REDD+ cp quc gia v quc t. Chng trnh cng h tr cc n lc chun b REDD+ cp quc gia ti 46 quc gia i tc, m rng sang chu Phi, chu Thi Bnh Dng v chu M latin bng 2 cch: (i) h tr trc tip cho vic thit k v thc hin cc chng trnh UN-REDD quc gia; v (ii) h tr b sung cho hot ng REDD+ cp quc gia thng qua cc bc tip cn, phn tch, phng php lun, cng c, d liu v thc hin ti u chung c xy dng thng qua Chng trnh UN-REDD ton cu.

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Din tch t rng do cng ng qun l trong khu vc ASEAN

Quc gia
Bru-ny Cm-pu-chia Indonesia Lo Malaysia My-an-ma Phi-lp-pin Sinh-ga-po Thi Lan Vit Nam

Hc-ta
N/A 113,544 590,000 8,210,803 N/A 41,000 2,985,000 N/A 194,000 3,300,000

% tng din tch rng


N/A 1% <1% 52% N/A <1% 39% N/A 1% 24%

Ngun: S liu trch t ti liu ca tng quc gia trong cun Vai tr ca Lm nghip cng ng trong gim thiu v thch ng vi bin i kh hu trong khu vc ASEAN (RECOFTC, ASFN, SDC, 2011).

TNG CNG S THAM GIA CA CNG NG VO VIC QUN L RNG


- NHNG KINH NGHIM CA JICA TNH IN BIN V KON TUM -

Eiji Egashira, JICA Vit Nam, D n SUSFORM-NOW

1. Gii thiu Bo tn v pht trin rng bi cc cng ng vng nng thn sng ph thuc nhiu vo ti nguyn thin nhin tip tc l lnh vc ch cht i vi h tr ca JICA cho ngnh lm nghip Vit Nam. Bi vit ngn ny gii thiu

2 trng hp - in Bin v Kon Tum - c hai u tp trung tng cng s tham gia ca cng ng vo vic qun l rng. 2. D n SUSFORM-NOW Vng Ty bc c bit n l vng u ngun quan trng ca

min Bc Vit Nam v c t l i ngho cao. JICA, tnh in Bin v B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn ang thc hin D n Qun l rng bn vng vng u ngun Ty Bc (SUSFORMNOW) ti tnh in Bin t thng 8 nm 2010. Bn tin FSSP

20

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t nc. Gi thuyt s c th nghim l phng php tip cn thc hin cc hot ng cc vng c th da vo cc k hoch cnh quan c kt hp vi th nghim nng lm tri (OFTs - Thc nghim nng lm tri c JICA thc hin thng qua D n RENFODA ti tnh Ha Bnh1) v giao rng trng v t c th sn xut v khai thc lm sn ngoi g (NTFPs), cng vi vic m bo thu nhp bng tin mt thng qua vic ci thin tip cn th trng nng lm sn, l hiu qu thc y qun l rng bn vng.
JICA

Mc tiu ca d n 5 nm ny l qun l rng c s tham gia v pht trin sinh k cng c duy tr cc vng th im thng qua vic s dng cc phng php tip cn c th p dng c sang cc vng khc. t c mc tiu ca d n, cc sn phm u ra d kin nh sau: Sn phm u ra 1. Cc phng php tip cn kh thi v cc k hoch cnh quan v pht trin sinh k da vo hin trng s dng t c pht trin; Sn phm u ra 2. Nng lc k thut v th ch ca cc c quan thc hin (cc c quan thc thi v c quan h tr) c tng cng; v Sn phm u ra 3. K hoch ca tnh v ph bin cc thnh qu hot ng th im c thng qua cho tnh in Bin. t c Sn phm u ra 1, 7 hot ng sau y c thc hin: 1. La chn vng th im; 2. Lm r v c c s tn thnh ca cc bn tham gia v hin trng s dng t v quyn
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s dng t thng qua cc cuc kho st kinh t x hi cc vng th im c la chn; 3. Huy ng ngi dn tham gia xy dng v gii thiu cc hot ng th im; 4. Xy dng cc k hoch qun l rng c s tham gia v pht trin sinh k (chng hn nh cc k hoch cnh quan v pht trin sinh k da vo hin trng s dng t) tng vng th im; 5. Thc y vic thc hin cc k hoch c xy dng Hot ng s 4 ti cc vng th im; 6. Gim st tin cc hot ng th im; v 7. nh gi, phn tch kt qu cc hot ng th im v chia s bi hc kinh nghim. Cc hot ng th im da vo qu trnh th nghim cc gi thuyt. tng l xy dng cc phng php tip cn hiu qu gip qun l rng v pht trin sinh k theo hng qun l rng bn vng vng u ngun Ty Bc, ni hin nay ang phi i mt vi nhiu thch thc hn cc vng khc ca

Chu k th nghim gi thuyt gm 2 pha. pha 1 (2 nm u), cc hot ng th im quy m nh c thc hin 7 thn th im: 2 thn 2 x ca huyn in Bin, 4 thn 3 x ca huyn in Bin ng v mt na pha Nam x T Lng ca thnh ph in Bin Ph. Tnh n cui thng 9/2012, D n h tr ngi dn ca cc thn th im ny xy dng cc k hoch qun l rng c s tham gia, k hoch pht trin sinh k v thc hin cc hot ng th im sau: 1. Trng rng: c 133 h tham gia ca 3 thn th im; 2. Nui b: 12 h tham gia ca 2 thn th im; 3. Nui ln: 39 h tham gia ca 4 thn th im; 4. Nui c: 52 h tham gia ca 6 thn th im; 5. Biogas: 40 h tham gia ca 5 thn th im; 6. Rau hu c (rau v xun v ng): 309 h tham gia ca 7 thn th im;

1 Phc hi rng t nhin vng u ngun b suy thoi ti min Bc Vit Nam (RENFODA).

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7. Trng cy n qu: 335 h ca 7 thn th im; 8. Bp ci tin: 29 h tham gia ca 5 thn th im; 9. Ru Mng P: mt nhm h sn xut ca 1 thn th im; v 10. Lm chi: mt nhm h tham gia ca 1 thn th im. Sau y l nhng bi hc kinh nghim hin c: i. S cn thit ca thc y vin cp x Kh c th thc y vic thc hin cc hot ng th im nu khng c s tham gia tch cc ca cc cn b cp x v h l c quan c thm quyn gn nht vi ngi dn. V vy, khng th thiu cc thc y vin cp x ti mi thn th im v k nng thc y ca h cn c pht trin tt. ii. S cn thit ca ban qun l cp thn v giao li rng cho cng ng thn bn Kh c th duy tr ng thi vic thc hin cc k hoch qun l rng c s tham gia v pht trin sinh k khng c c ch iu phi cc hot ng th im khc nhau cp thn bn. Thm vo , trch

nhim ca nhng ngi tham gia vo qun l rng (loi tr rng trng) khng r rng v mc d rng c giao cho h gia nh song khng xc nh c din tch rng trn thc a ti nhiu thn. gii quyt vn ny, gn y tnh bt u giao li rng ca h gia nh cho cng ng thn bn v vy tt c ngi dn s c trch nhim qun l rng (loi tr rng trng c qun l tt bi tng h gia nh). Hn na, c hot ng qun l rng v pht trin sinh k cn c iu phi bi mt ban qun l cp thn ring. iii. S cn thit ca cc dch v khuyn nng thng xuyn Mc d d n t chc mt vi lp tp hun cho nhng ngi tham gia cc hot ng th im, song h vn kh p dng cc kin thc c hc vo thc tin ca h. Hnh nh vic hc t cc bi ging v m hnh khng c hiu qu bng vic thc hnh hng ngy. V vy, cc dch v khuyn nng thng xuyn ca cp x (hoc, nu khng c ngun lc cp x ph hp th l cp huyn), kim lm, khuyn nng v th l rt quan trng. Nhng cn b ngun ny cng c k vng l

s h tr ngi dn c v cc lnh vc khng phi l k thut chng hn nh phn tch chi ph-li ch khi lp k hoch tng hot ng th im ngi dn c th trnh thc hin cc hot ng khng kh thi v/hoc khng c li nhun. 3. Kinh nghim t trng hp Qun l rng cng ng (CFM) Kon Tum T nm 2005 n 20082 JICA thc hin d n ti tnh Kon Tum trong c xy dng k hoch CFM thn Vi ChRing, huyn Kon Plong vi din tch c giao cho cng ng l 808ha t rng t nhin giu trc y do Cng ty quc doanh qun l. Cc k hoch CFM (hng nm v 5 nm) v quy ch CFM c tnh v trung ng ph duyt lm c s ca CFM. T n nay, cng ng v ang bo v rt tt rng ca h theo nh k hoch c thng nht. Tuy nhin, cng ng vn cha c hng li ch t vic sn xut g do h thiu u t ban u v cc k nng chng hn nh khai thc, vn chuyn v tip th/th trng. V vy, c mt la chn thay th khc l c th thu cc cng ty chuyn nghip lm cc cng vic ny (di s gim st ca cng ng), tuy nhin cng ng khng quen vi cc hp ng kinh doanh nh vy v mt s ngi lo lng nguy c dn mt kim sot khu rng ca h. 4. Kt lun Tnh in Bin l ni m cc nguyn nhn chnh gy mt rng hoc cn tr vic phc hi rng c lin quan n nhu cu duy tr sinh k v th cc bin php ng ph c th a dng v vt xa kh nng ca ngnh lm nghip. V vy, rt cn s tham gia ca cc ngnh khc. c bit vai tr ca thc y

JICA

2 D n h tr dn lng qun l rng bn vng Ty Nguyn.

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vin cp x l rt quan trng trong vic tng cng kt ni gia qun l rng v cc hot ng pht trin sinh k. Bi dng cc k nng thc hnh ca h p ng nhng nhu cu ton din ca cng ng l mt thch thc. Vic gii thiu c ch cp thn bn chng hn nh ban qun l cp thn c xut chc chn c ch trong vic tng cng iu phi v lng ghp cc hot ng khc nhau. V vic giao rng, mt gii php ang thc hin c mt h thng n gin v thit thc l giao rng cho cng ng thn bn hn l giao cho h gia nh, v th chi ph giao dch c th gim v cng ng c th trnh xung t v vic s hu rng v h qun l rng mt cch bn vng v coi rng nh l ti sn chung ca h. Hin nay, iu ny c tm nh hng quan trng v ch s hu rng ngy cng tr nn quan trng trong cc c ch mi nh PFES v REDD+. SUSFORM-NOW s sm a REDD+ vo lm mt hp phn d n v chng ti c th s thy nhng thch thc mi v vai tr ca cng ng. Cui cng, kinh nghim Kon Tum cho thy, c rt nhiu nhn t m cng ng cn vt qua cho n khi h c li ch thc s. Cn phi c mt h thng h tr n gin nhng ton din CFM c th vn hnh c bi cc bn cp a phng cng nh thc hin rng ri trn ton quc.

JICA ang hp tc vi Chnh ph Vit Nam nhm chng minh vai tr a chc nng ca rng v ti a ha li ch ca ti nguyn rng cho con ngi. H tr ca JICA c hi ha ha vi cc chin lc ch cht trong ngnh lm nghip, chng hn nh Chin lc pht trin lm nghip Vit Nam (2006-2020) v cc chin lc v k hoch khc ca Chnh ph. C 5 lnh vc hp tc chnh sau y: Lnh vc 1: H tr chnh sch JICA ang h tr tng cng nng lc cp quc gia v a phng trong vic xy dng v thc hin cc chnh sch gii quyt cc thch thc di hn. Lnh vc 2: Qun l rng bn vng (SFM) JICA h tr cc hot ng trng mi v ti trng rng sn xut v rng phng h. Bng vic h tr tip ni nhm tng hiu sut qun l, c s lng v cht lng rng s c ci thin. Lnh vc 3: Pht trin sinh k ca cng ng sng ph thuc vo rng JICA h tr qun l rng bn vng c s tham gia ca cng ng a phng. Vic xc nh cc c ch kh thi qun l rng v ngi ngho s l thch thc chnh cn bng vic bo v v s dng bn vng ngun ti nguyn rng. Lnh vc 4: Bo tn a dng sinh hc o ngc xu hng suy gim ngun ti nguyn sinh hc, JICA h tr tng cng nng lc xy dng v thc hin chnh sch bo tn a dng sinh hc. Lnh vc 5: Bin i kh hu v lm nghip gii quyt thch thc ton cu v s m ln ca tri t, JICA h tr lng ghp qun l lm nghip vi cc chin lc gim thiu (chng hn nh REDD+) v thch ng vi bin i kh hu.

GIZ

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VN BN QUY PHM PHP LUT T 1/7/2012 N 31/12/2012


1. Thng t lin tch s 03/2012/TTLT-BKHT-BNNPTNT-BTC ngy 5/6/2012 ca B K hoch v u t, B NN&PTNT v B Ti chnh hng dn thc hin Quyt nh s 147/2007/Q-TTg v Quyt nh s 66/2011/Q-TTG ca Th tng Chnh ph; 2. Thng t s 126/2012/TT-BTC ngy 7/8/2012 ca B Ti chnh quy nh mc thu, ch thu, np v qun l s dng ph tham quan ti cc Vn Quc gia: Bch M, Cc Phng, Ba V, Tam o, Yokdon v Ct Tin; 3. Thng t s 42/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 21/8/2012 ca B NN&PTNT sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Thng t s 01/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 4/1/2012 ca B NN&PTNT quy nh h s lm sn hp php v kim tra ngun gc lm sn; 4. Thng t s 47/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 25/9/2012 ca B NN&PTNT quy nh v khai thc qun l t t nhin v nui ng vt rng thng thng; 5. Thng t s 51/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 19/10/2012 ca B NN&PTNT hng dn thc hin nhim v bo v v pht trin rng quy nh ti Quyt nh s 57/Q-TTg ngy 9/1/2012 ca Th tng Chnh ph.

MT S HOT NG SP TI CA FSSP V TFF U NM 2013


1. Hot ng ca FSSP: - T chc Hi ngh thng nin FSSP, thng 1/2013. 2. Hot ng ca Qu y thc Lm nghip: - Hp Hi ng qun l Qu ln th 16, 17; - Tin hnh l trnh sp nhp TFF vo VNFF; - T chc cc kha o o cho cc d n TFF ang thc hin; - Ph duyt cc d n mi v bn giao kt qu cc d n hon thnh.

Ch bin: ng Nguyn B Ngi Ph Tng cc trng Tng cc Lm nghip - Gim c Vn phng iu phi FSSP Bin tp: Nguyn Tng Vn - Ph V trng V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Hp tc quc t, Tng cc Lm nghip - Ph Gim c Vn phng iu phi FSSP Nguyn Bch Hng - Cn b Truyn thng, Vn phng iu phi FSSP Giy php xut bn s 1415 - 2012/CXB/35/09 - 43/H kin ng gp, bi v nh xin gi v Vn phng iu phi i tc H tr ngnh Lm nghip: Tng 3, nh A8, s 10 Nguyn Cng Hoan, H Ni / Tel: +84-4-37629412; Fax: +84-4-37711431 Email: fssp@hn.vnn.vn / Website: www.vietnamforestry.org.vn

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