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W-Shapes | ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi, Fu = 65 ksi S-Shapes | ASTM A36, Fy = 36 ksi, Fu = 58 ksi C- and MC-Shapes | ASTM A36, Fy = 36 ksi,

Fu = 58 ksi CONDITION
Tension

ASD
0.6 Fy Ag 0.5 Fu Ae Strong Axis Lb Lp
L p < Lb Lr
Lb = Lr

LRFD
0.9 Fy Ag 0.75 Fu Ae 0.99 Fy S x
0.63Fy S x

RELATED INFO
For Ae, see Equation D3-1. See Note 1. L p = 300 ry Fy Lr and strengths when Lb > Lr are given in the AISC Manual. See Note 2.
P = Fy ( Kl r ) 286, 000
2
2

0.66 Fy S x
0.42 Fy S x

Bending

Use linear interpolation between Lp and Lr. 0.9 Fy S y 0.4 Fy Aw 1.35Fy S y 0.6 Fy Aw
0.9 Fy Ag 0.658P
2

Weak Axis
Shear (in strong axis)

Kl r 800
Compression
Kl r > 800

Fy
Fy

0.6 Fy Ag 0.658P

150, 000 Ag

( Kl r )

226, 000 Ag

( Kl r )

See Note 3.

Notes: 1. Multiply equations given for Lb Lp by value in parentheses for W1490 (0.97), W1265 (0.98), and W615 (0.95). 2. Multiply equations given by 0.9 for W44230, W40149, W36135, W33118, W3090, W2455, W1626, W1214 and all Cand MC-shapes. In weak axis, equations given can be adapted by using Aw = 1.8bftf. 3. Not applicable to slender shapes. For slender shapes, use QFy in place of Fy, where Q = QsQa from Section E7. For C- and MCshapes, also check Section E4. Copyright 2005 Based upon simplifying assumptions and arbitrary limitations. Direct use of the 2005 AISC Specification may be less constrained and less conservative.

Basic Design Values 1

American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. One East Wacker Drive, Suite 700 Chicago, IL 60601 www.aisc.org structural steel: the material of choice

Bolts | ASTM A325, Fu = 120 ksi or ASTM A490, Fu = 150 ksi Welds | FEXX = 70 ksi Connected Parts CONDITION
Tension Bolts Shear (N bolts, per shear plane) Slip Resistance (Class A, STD holes) Bearing Shear (all welds except CJP) Welds PJP Groove Welds CJP Groove Welds Connected Parts Tension Shear Block Shear
Kl r 25

Copyright 2005 by AISC

ASD
0.38 Fu Ab 0.2 Fu Ab 0.14 Fu Ab 0.6 Fu Lc t 1.2 Fu db t 0.3FEXX Aw 0.32 FEXX Aw

LRFD
0.56 Fu Ab 0.3Fu Ab 0.21Fu Ab 0.9 Fu Lc t 1.8 Fu db t 0.45 FEXX Aw 0.48 FEXX Aw

RELATED INFO
-Multiply by 1.25 for X bolts. Per slip plane. See Note 1. See Note 2. See Note 3. See Section J2.1a. Joint not finished to bear. -For Ae, see Equation D3-1. -See Note 4. --

Tension Compression

0.48 FEXX Aw 0.6 Fy ABM

0.72 FEXX Aw 0.9 Fy ABM

Strength equal to base metal.


0.6 Fy Ag 0.5 Fu Ae 0.4 Fy Ag 0.3Fu An 0.3Fu Anv + 0.5U bs Fu Ant 0.6 Fy A
Kl r > 25

0.9 Fy Ag 0.75 Fu Ae 0.6 Fy Ag 0.45 Fu An 0.45Fu Anv + 0.75U bs Fu Ant 0.9 Fy A

Compression

Same as for W-shapes with Ag = A.

Notes: 1. Slip checked as a serviceability limit state using ASD load combinations for ASD, LRFD load combinations for LRFD. For Class B surfaces, multiply by 1.43. For OVS or SSL holes, multiply by 0.85. For LSL holes, multiply by 0.7. 2. For LSL holes parallel to the direction of load, multiply by 0.83. 3. For fillet welds, multiply by 1.5 for transverse loading (90-degree load angle). For other load angles, see Section J2. 4. For calculation purposes, FuAnv cannot exceed FyAgv. Ubs = 1 for a uniform tension stress; 0.5 for non-uniform tension stress.

HSS | ASTM A500 grade B, Rectangular Fy = 46 ksi, Fu = 58 ksi , Round Fy = 42 ksi, Fu = 58 ksi Pipe | ASTM A53 grade B, Fy = 35 ksi, Fu = 60 ksi CONDITION
Tension Bending

ASD
0.6 Fy Ag 0.5 Fu Ae Rectangular HSS Round HSS, Pipe Rectangular HSS Round HSS, Pipe
Kl r 800 Fy
Fy

LRFD
0.9 Fy Ag 0.75 Fu Ae 0.99 Fy S
1.17 Fy S 0.54 Fy Aw 0.27 Fy Ag
0.9 Fy Ag 0.658P
2

RELATED INFO
For Ae, see Equation D3-1. See Note 1. See Note 2. See Note 3. See Note 4. See Note 5.
2

0.66 Fy S
0.78Fy S 0.36 Fy Aw 0.18 Fy Ag
0.6 Fy Ag 0.658P 150, 000 Ag

Shear

Compression

Kl r > 800

( Kl r )

226, 000 Ag

( Kl r )

P = Fy ( Kl r ) 286, 000
2

Notes: 1. Not applicable if limit at right is exceeded (see Section F7). 2. Not applicable if D/t > 2,030/Fy. (see Section F8). 3. Not applicable if limit at right is exceeded (see Section G5). 4. Not applicable if Lv/D > 75 (see Section G6). 5. For rectangular HSS, if limit at right is exceeded, use QFy in place of Fy, where Q = Qa from Section E7.2. For round HSS and pipe with D/t > 3,190/Fy, use QFy in place of Fy, where Q = Qa from Section E7.2. Copyright 2005 Based upon simplifying assumptions and arbitrary limitations. Direct use of the 2005 AISC Specification may be less constrained and less conservative.

Size Limits for Rectangular HSS, in.* Bending

Nominal Wall Thickness


5

/8

/2

/8

/16

/4

/16

/8

18 14 10 9 7 5 3 /2 20 20 20 18 14 10 7 20 20 20 18 14 10 7 Shear 20 16 12 10 8 6 4 Compression *Table only covers up to 64-in. periphery limit in ASTM A500.
American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. One East Wacker Drive, Suite 700 Chicago, IL 60601 www.aisc.org structural steel: the material of choice

Flange Web

Basic Design Values 2

Analysis and Design Simplified Method (see Note 1)


Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4.

Copyright 2005 by AISC

Perform first-order analysis. Use 0.2% of total story gravity load as minimum lateral load in all load combinations. Establish the design story drift limit and determine the lateral load required to produce it. Determine the ratio of the total story gravity load to the lateral load determined in Step 2. For ASD, multiply by 1.6. Multiply first-order results by the tabular value. K=1, except for moment frames when the tabular value is greater than 1.1.
0 1 1 1 1 1 5 1.1 1 1 1 1 10 1.1 1.1 1 1 1 Ratio from Step 3 (times 1.6 for ASD, 1.0 for LRFD) 60 20 30 40 50 80 100 120 1.4 1.3 When ratio exceeds 1.5, simplified method requires a stiffer structure. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 Effective Length Forces and Moments Limitations Reference

Design Story Drift Limit H/100 H/200 H/300 H/400 H/500

K=1

Other Elastic Methods (for plastic design, see Appendix 1) First-order analysis method second-order effects captured from effects of additional lateral load Effective length method second-order analysis with 0.2% of total story gravity load as minimum lateral load in all load combinations (see Note 3) Direct analysis method second-order analysis with notional lateral load and reduced EI and AE (see Note 3)

K = 1 for all frames (see Note 2) K = 1, except for moment frames with 2nd/1st > 1.1 K = 1 for all frames

From analysis From analysis (see Note 3) From analysis (see Note 3)

2nd/1st 1.5; Axial load limited 2nd/1st 1.5 None

Section C2.2b Section C2.2a Appendix 7

Notes: 1. Derived from the effective length method, using the B1-B2 approximation with B1 taken equal to B2. 2. An additional amplification for member curvature effects is required for columns in moment frames. 3. The B1-B2 approximation (Section C2.1b) can be used to accomplish a second-order analysis within the limitation that B2 1.5. Also, B1 and B2 can be taken equal to the multiplier tabulated for the simplified method above. 4. 2nd/1st is the ratio of second-order drift to first-order drift, which is also represented by B2.

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