VECTOR ANALYSIS SCALAR QUANTITIES A scalar quantity is a quantity which can be fully descried by just stating its magnitude.

. A magnitude is simply the "size" of a quantity. Magnitudes are expressed in numerical form; e.g., 450, 0.45, 2/3, etc. Scalars Speed Temperature Distance Area Entropy Volume Time Energy Work EXAMPLES: 1. A man is driving 50 kmhr. The example has a scalar quantity because it is said that a man is driving with a measure of 50 kmhr. That 50 kmhr is a scalar quantity which is speed. 2. The total work a man did is 50J. If the work dine is 50J wherever place you measure it, the work done would always be 50J. Whether the man is facing north or south his work is still 50J. This means that there is no direction but magnitude only so it is a scalar quantity. 3. The outside temperature is 50 degree Celsius. 50 degree Celsius is under the temperature which is scalar quantity and also there is no direction to where the 50degree Celsius is being felt.

VECTOR QUANTITIES A vector quantity is one which can only be described fully by stating both its magnitude and direction. A magnitude is simply the "size" of a quantity. Magnitudes are expressed in numerical form. The direction would be the south, north, west, east or other places. Vector Displacement Velocity Acceleration Momentum Force Weight EXAMPLES 1. The wind is blowing 20kmhr from the south. The statement has both the magnitude which is 20kmhr and the direction is south. 2. They saw a Bugatti Veyron Super Sport travelled 429kmhr to North. The car in the example is said to be that fastest car in the world. It is a vector because it has the magnitude of 429kmhr and the direction is North. 3. Your plan is to run at 8 miles per hour to West Your velocity would be 8MPH West. Your magnitude of velocity would be 8MPH, and your direction would be West. QUIZ Identify if it is a scalar or vector quantity: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 50 kilometers North 100 kilometers The wind is blowing at 20 km/hr from the south. A stone dropped into a pond is sinking at the rate of 30 cm/sec. The outside temperature is 15 C. The water is flowing due north at 5 km/hr. Vector Scalar Vector Vector Scalar Vector

WAYS OF EXPRESSING DIRECTION OF A VECTOR There are many acceptable methods of writing vectors. As long as the vector has a magnitude and a direction, it is most likely acceptable. These different methods come from the different methods of expressing a direction for a vector.

RELATIVE DIRECTION The simplest method of expressing direction is with relative directions: to the left, to the right, forward, backward, up and down.

COMPASS DIRECTION

One common method in expressing the direction of a vector is by the use of North, East, West and South.

If a vector does not exactly point to a specific direction we can use

protractor to know the angle.

EXERCISE Use two different notations to write down the direction of the vector in each of the following diagrams:

North

60 East of South

VECTOR ADDITION VECTOR quantities that are expressed by a magnitude and direction. MAGNITUDE- the meaning of magnitude is 'size' or 'quantity' DIRECTION - the meaning of direction is quite self-explanatory. It simply means that the vector is directed from one place to another. ARROW the representation of vector. The length of the arrow is proportional to the magnitude of the vector. The tail indicated the starting point of the vector. RESULTANT VECTOR is the vector sum of two or more vectors. VECTOR ADDITION IN ONE DIMENSION a. ONE DIRECTION EXAMPLE Isabelle jogged 129mE and then continued to jog for 200mE. Find the total displacement.

SOLUTION 129m Total displacement = A + B 129mE + 200mE = 329mE (since both direction is East the direction of total displacement would also be East.) EXERCISE A dog is walking 40kmE and 20kmE, find the total displacement. SOLUTION Total displacement = A + B 40mE + 20mE = 60mE b. TWO DIRECTIONS EXAMPLE: Peter walked 500mW but forgot something so he walked 200m. What would be the change of position or the total displacement? SOLUTION 500mW 200mE Total displacement = A-B 500mW 200mE = 300mW (The direction of total displacement would depend to whom A or B is greater.) EXERCISE If Patty turned 200mW after walking 60mE what would be the total displacement? SOLUTION 200mW 60mE 200m

Total displacement = A-B 200mW 60mE = 140mW VECTOR ADDITION IN TWO DIMENSIONS a. PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM EXAMPLE A turtle walked for 78mE, then 85mN. Find the resultant vector. SOLUTION Pythagorean Theorem can be use to find the resultant vector in two dimension. Rv = Rv = Rv = 115.36m East of North

EXERCISE Anna walked 128mE then turned 219mS find the resultant vector. SOLUTION Rv = Rv = Rv = 253.66km East of South

b. LAW OF COSINES EXAMPLE An insect crawls 18ft in westward direction then runs 20ft, North 37 west. If the insect is approximately 34 ft. from the point of origin where is it located? SOLUTION Law of Cosine is used to find the resultant of two vectors forming an oblique triangle and by using the law of sines it gives the direction of the resultant. GIVEN a. = s3 = 34ft b. = s2 = 20ft c = s1 = 18ft =B=?

b2 = a2 + c2 - 2ac cosB cos B = cos B = cos = 0.8824 = 28.07

COMPONENTS OF VECTORS EXAMPLE Resolve the following vectors in their component. A. B. C. D. E. 15kmE 20km 40 N of E 25 km 60 N of W 23 km 55 W of S 12kmE

SOLUTION x- component A = 15cos 15 y- component 15sin0 = 0 20sin40 = 12.86 25sin60 = 21.65 -23cos55 = -13.19 12sin0 = 0

B = 20cos40 = 15.32 C = -25cos60 = -12.5 D = -23sin55 = -18.84 E = 12cos0 = 12

TOTAL = Rx = 10.98 Ry = 21.32 Rv = Rv = Rv = Rv = 23.98km

tan tan

= =

MAGNITUDE: (10.98, 21.32) DIRECTION: 6245.99

tan

1.94 = 62.75 = 6245.99

EXERCISE Find the vectors in their component A. 200mE B. 200m 30 W of N SOLUTION x- component A = 200cos 200m y- component 200sin0 = 0 200sin30 = 173.21m

B = -20cos30 = -100m

TOTAL =

Rx = 100m

Ry = 173.21m

Rv = Rv = Rv =200m

tan tan tan

= = 60 = 60

MAGNITUDE: (100m, 173.21m) DIRECTION: 60 N of E References

http://www.physicstutorials.org/home/vectors college physics by Fiedalan & Mendoza, 2011, Paul and Ian Publication, L9 B5 Kalayaan Vill Mia District Pasay City
Pamagat Physics with health science applications Paul Peter Urone illustrated Harper & Row, 1986 ang University of Michigan 30 Hul 2008 0060467320, 9780060467326 496 mga pahina
EBK0260553 O Level Physics Learning Through Diagrams Cheng Chung Yu

May-akda Edition Publisher Original from Digitized ISBN Length

Book ID:

Book:

Author: ISBN:

9789812741554

Binding: Edition: Publishing Date: Publisher: Language:

Paper back 01 2010 Singapore Asian Publications S P.l English