Technical Description Hybrid System Revision - , December 2012

Hybrid System

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Contents
1 2 Network State........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Telzas Power Solution............................................................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Integrated Hybrid Power System ................................................................................................................. 4 3 Hybrid System Elements ........................................................................................................................................ 6 3.1 Power Supply System SDMB250Z 48VDC 250A outdoor .......................................................................... 6 3.1.1 Technical parameters of the SDMB 250Z system ................................................................................... 6 3.2 Rectifiers PDM 48/41-2000W ..................................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Solar converters FUN 68-48/3000W ........................................................................................................... 7 3.4 Hybrid Controller Pi1 type ......................................................................................................................... 8 3.5 Automatic phase selector (except off-grid system) ..................................................................................... 9 3.6 Inverters (option) ......................................................................................................................................... 9 3.6.1 FUM 230/0,6 ............................................................................................................................................ 9 3.6.2 FUO 230/1,5 ............................................................................................................................................ 9 3.6.3 FUH 230/2,5 ............................................................................................................................................. 9 3.7 Medium Cyclic Batteries ............................................................................................................................ 10 4 Dimensioning / system design ............................................................................................................................. 11 4.1 Hybrid System Dimensioning ..................................................................................................................... 11 4.1.1 1kW DC load - 0h grid ............................................................................................................................ 11 4.1.2 1kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range) .................................................................................... 11 4.1.3 1.3kW DC load - 0h grid ......................................................................................................................... 12 4.1.4 1.3kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range) ................................................................................. 12 4.1.5 1.5kW DC load - 0h grid ......................................................................................................................... 13 4.1.6 1.5kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range) ................................................................................. 13 4.1.7 2kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range) .................................................................................... 14 4.2 Hybrid System Calculation Assumptions .................................................................................................... 15

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1 NETWORK STATE
The existing network includes sites powered by unstable grid and diesel generator. Five states of grid: 1) 0 hrs - grid energy (off-grid) 2) 14 hrs grid energy (6hrs stable, 8hrs unstable and out of range) The site telecom 48V load options are as follows (including cooling energy): 1000W 24h/day 1300W 24h/day 1500W 24h/day 2000W 24h/day

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POWER SOLUTION
propose Hybrid Power system as below: PV array and unstable grid as main sources, diesel genset as reserve source, optimal climate control only in battery room to reduce the power consumption, free-cooling in power supply room.

The system is designed to allow system upgrades and planned maintenance tasks without interrupting the power supply.

2.1

Integrated Hybrid Power System

Hybrid Power systems use a storage medium (typically batteries) to capture energy when excess power is available, and automatically use this to supply the load when the storage medium is full. In GSM sites, Hybrid Power systems are generally deployed on sites that run on grid, renewable energy or/and diesel genset. It is important to note that the Hybrid system does not create energy it merely captures excess energy as well as improve the efficiency of the generator, and uses the captured energy to run the site and reduce generator run-time (and thus fuel and services). In short, a Hybrid System ensures that energy is used efficiently as possible and saves the operator OPEX. Renewable energy have priority over other sources. Hybrid Power Systems are complete, integrated power systems designed for site loads requiring 48VDC and 230VAC voltage as option. Power System can provide safe and reliable power without the expense of installing utility power. Rectifiers can work with very wide range of input AC voltage from 85V~to 300V~ with derated output power with input voltage lower than 176V~. So, line conditioner is no needed for this rectifiers. Additional automatic phase selector gives possibility to pull up energy from present strong enough phases. Power system provide continuous DC power with battery backup. The electrical diagram of the Hybrid Power System is shown on figure below. In DC Power System current is transformed into 48V DC, which is nominal system voltage for critical and non-critical telecommunication loads. To supply AC loads there is a need of inverters, which convert DC current into alternating current. Batteries lost part of their energy, but are charged at grid present or sunny day. Batteries used with the system are called high cyclic. High cyclic batteries are manufactured to be able to discharge of their stored energy over one thousand of times without damage. If the batteries run low, the engine generator runs at full power until the batteries are charged. As standard genset is started if battery SOC (stat of charge) drops below set value 50% (DOD 50%). Genset stops running when battery is fully charged. Work of all system is controlled by local system controller.

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Regulators

Gen Solar 48Vdc

+48Vdc

+ =

DC Load 48Vdc

Critical

Solar Batteries

Rectifiers

or DC Power System

DC Load 48Vdc

Non-critical

+ -48Vdc

Inverters

AC Load 230Vac

Critical

Gen Aux

Controller

AC Load 230Vac

Non-critical

Fig. Electrical diagram of the Hybrid Power System

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3 HYBRID SYSTEM ELEMENTS

3.1

Power Supply System SDMB250Z 48VDC 250A outdoor

The outdoor power supply system is intended for uninterruptible supply of 48Vdc loads by direct current in direct full-float operating mode. The construction of the system using cooperation of rectifiers type PDM 48/41-2000W and batteries under control of advanced Pi1 controller. The rectifier system was placed in an IP54 outdoor cabinet resistant to harsh climatic conditions. Cabinet provides protection devices installed in it from the negative influence of atmospheric factors according to ETSI EN 300 019-1-4 class 4.1 standard. Features: protection against unauthorized access; thermodynamic functions of the cabinet: heating during periods of low temperature, cooling during periods of high temperatures; modern, constant power rectifiers; easy installation of rectifier (replacement or extension) during normal operation status (hot-swap); continuous control of systems operation and fast reporting of alarm states by means of controller; immunity to short-circuits and overloads of output circuits; immunity to electromagnetic interferences; modular design; it is used with (N+1) redundancy; the system upgrades up to 12kW; single phase rectifier module with very wide input AC voltage range, Frequency 50/60 Hz; auto shut down below 80 VAC and over 300 VAC with auto-restart when input voltage is within the valid range; the rectifier system is equipped with Low Voltage Disconnectors (LVD) for batteries; the rectifier is of high Efficiency design (96 % at full load); internal surge protection for each module (OVP); AC protection to disconnect the rectifier in case the power fluctuations are out of tolerance and protection against neutral loss; de-gassing solution used to avoid accumulation of the battery gasses inside the cabinet, optimal climate control only in battery room to reduce the power consumption; 400W DC air-conditioner cooling for battery room; free-cooling in power supply room.

3.1.1

Technical parameters of the SDMB 250Z system

General data Type of controller supervising the operation of the power system Type and maximal number of rectifier modules PDM 48/41-2000W External dimensions of the cabinet (H x W x D) Weight of the rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W Dimensions of the rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W Efficiency of the rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W Electromagnetic compatibility Page 6 of 15

PI1 6pcs. 1532mm x 755mm x 790mm 2,4 kg 87,9x 85,3 x 272mm (HxWxD) 96% in accordance with PN-EN 300-386

Safety requirements Climatic class Input circuit parameters Input rated voltage Input phase voltage changes range Frequency Power supply mains configuration whichever 3-phase or single-phase Power factor Power supply voltage monitoring Rated phase current (with 6rects.) Output circuit parameters Adjustment range of output voltage Maximal output voltage at U out = <48 VDC (with 6rects.) Maximal output power at U out = >48 VDC (with 6rects.) Accuracy of load sharing for load >20% Inom of the rectifier Stabilization of output voltage Output voltage ripples: psophometric value ripples and peeks (peek-to-peek value)

in accordance with EN 60 950 ETSI EN 300 019-1-4 class 4.1 3x230VAC/400VAC 80...300 VAC 45...65 Hz 3xL+ N+ PE 1 yes 18A@230VAC 48...58 VDC 250ADC 12000W 5% Inom of the rectifier 1% < 2 mV < 200 mV

3.2

Rectifiers PDM 48/41-2000W

Rectifiers PDM 48/41-2000W are an integrated parts of the Outdoor Cabinet for Rectifier. Rectifiers can work with very wide range of input AC voltage from 85V~to 300V~ with derated output power with input voltage lower than 176V~. Rectifier gives 2000W at input voltage >176V , ~1650W @ 150V, ~1380W @ 130V and ~800W @ 85V.

Detailed information see attachment PDM 48_41-2000W.pdf data sheet.

3.3

Solar converters FUN 68-48/3000W

The FUN 68-48/3000 solar converter is designed for 48V telecom application. This converter converts power from the PV array to the 48V battery and loads. FUN 68-48/3000W have MPPT (maximum power point tracker). Nominal output power is 3000W. In the hybrid system output of the solar converters FUN are parallel connected with rectifiers inverters works parallel with rectifiers and are controlled from the main system controller. Inverters are an integrated parts of the Outdoor Cabinet for Rectifier.

Detailed information see attachment FUN 68-48/3000W.pdf data sheet.

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4.2

Hybrid System Calculation Assumptions

The attached calculations were made using the following assumptions: 1. Location: equatorial Africa. 2. Battery type: medium cyclic. 3. Battery room cooling: DC air conditioner. 4. Rectifiers room cooling: DC fans (free-cooling). 5. Depth of discharge: 50% - for a long battery life cycle. 6. Cost of fuel, including the fueling service: 1.5 $ per liter. 7. The genset operation and maintenance costs: 0.45$ per hour. 8. Genset start/stop by dry contact. 2 9. Available area for PV array: 15x15m . 10. Installation cost: 3,000$.

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Inverters can be integrated in the Outdoor Cabinet for Rectifier. In HGB system all AC loads on the site will be supplied from those inverters. Detailed information see attachment FUH 230_2,5.pdf data sheet.

3.7

Medium Cyclic Batteries

Enersys batteries PowerSafe SBS 190F EON with cycling performance 1200+ cycles at 60% DOD are used in this hybrid system. DOD set at 50% gives life time ~2.7 years

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4 DIMENSIONING / SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1
4.1.1

Hybrid System Dimensioning

1kW DC load - 0h grid Qty (pcs) 1 4 1 2 NO SBS 190F 8 0 25 3.625kWp; ~25m2 ~8.7kW 55% 45% ~700 ~1600l

HYBRID SYSTEM ELEMENTS Power Supply System SDMB250Z includes: Rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W Hybrid Controller PI1 type Solar converter FUN 68-48/3000W Automatic phase selector High Cyclic Batteries GNB/Sonnenschein type Number of batteries Outdoor Cabinet for Batteries PV module ISF-145 ISOFOTON PV array Genset power Estimated energy from PV array Estimated energy from genset Estimated genset run time Estimated diesel fuel per year 4.1.2 1kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range)

HYBRID SYSTEM ELEMENTS Power Supply System SDMB250Z includes: Rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W Hybrid Controller PI1 type Solar converter FUN 68-48/3000W Automatic phase selector High Cyclic Batteries GNB/Sonnenschein type Number of batteries Outdoor Cabinet for Batteries PV module ISF-145 ISOFOTON PV array Genset power Estimated energy from PV array Estimated energy from genset Estimated energy from grid Estimated genset run time

Qty (pcs) 1 4 1 1 YES SBS 190F 8 0 10 1.45kWp; ~10m2 ~5.6kW 24% 0% 76% 0h

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Estimated diesel fuel per year 4.1.3 1.3kW DC load - 0h grid

~0l

HYBRID SYSTEM ELEMENTS Power Supply System SDMB250Z includes: Rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W Hybrid Controller PI1 type Solar converter FUN 68-48/3000W Automatic phase selector High Cyclic Batteries GNB/Sonnenschein type Number of batteries Outdoor Cabinet for Batteries PV module ISF-145 ISOFOTON PV array Genset power Estimated energy from PV array Estimated energy from genset Estimated genset run time Estimated diesel fuel per year

Qty (pcs) 1 5 1 4 NO SBS 190F 8 0 30 4.35kWp; ~30m2 ~8.7kW 47% 53% 930h ~2600l

4.1.4

1.3kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range) Qty (pcs) 1 4 1 1 YES SBS 190F 8 1 15 2.175kWp; ~15m2 ~5.6kW 28% 0% 72% 0h ~0l

HYBRID SYSTEM ELEMENTS Power Supply System SDMB250Z includes: Rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W Hybrid Controller PI1 type Solar converter FUN 68-48/3000W Automatic phase selector High Cyclic Batteries GNB/Sonnenschein type Number of batteries Outdoor Cabinet for Batteries PV module ISF-145 ISOFOTON PV array Genset power Estimated energy from PV array Estimated energy from genset Estimated energy from grid Estimated genset run time Estimated diesel fuel per year

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4.1.5

1.5kW DC load - 0h grid Qty (pcs) 1 5 1 2 NO SBS 190F 8 0 30 4.35kWp; ~30m2 ~8.7kW 45% 55% 1000h ~2800l

HYBRID SYSTEM ELEMENTS Power Supply System SDMB250Z includes: Rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W Hybrid Controller PI1 type Solar converter FUN 68-48/3000W Automatic phase selector High Cyclic Batteries GNB/Sonnenschein type Number of batteries Outdoor Cabinet for Batteries PV module ISF-145 ISOFOTON PV array Genset minimum power Estimated energy from PV array Estimated energy from genset Estimated genset run time Estimated diesel fuel per year

4.1.6

1.5kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range) Qty (pcs) 1 4 1 1 YES SBS 190F 12 0 15 2.175kWp; ~15m2 ~5.6kW 24% 0% 76% 0h ~0l

HYBRID SYSTEM ELEMENTS Power Supply System SDMB250Z includes: Rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W Hybrid Controller PI1 type Solar converter FUN 68-48/3000W Automatic phase selector High Cyclic Batteries GNB/Sonnenschein type Number of batteries Outdoor Cabinet for Batteries PV module ISF-145 ISOFOTON PV array Genset minimum power Estimated energy from PV array Estimated energy from genset Estimated energy from grid Estimated genset run time Estimated diesel fuel per year

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2kW DC load - 0h grid HYBRID SYSTEM ELEMENTS Power Supply System SDMB250Z includes: Rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W Hybrid Controller PI1 type Solar converter FUN 68-48/3000W Automatic phase selector High Cyclic Batteries GNB/Sonnenschein type Number of batteries Outdoor Cabinet for Batteries PV module ISF-145 ISOFOTON PV array Genset minimum power Estimated energy from PV array Estimated energy from genset Estimated energy from grid Estimated genset run time Estimated diesel fuel per year Qty (pcs) 1 5 1 5 NO SBS 190F 12 0 50 7.25kWp; ~50m2 12kW 51% 49% 0% 1300h ~3700l

4.1.7

2kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range) Qty (pcs) 1 5 1 1 YES SBS 190F 12 0 25 3.625kWp; ~25m2 ~8.7kW 30% 0% 70% 0h ~0l

HYBRID SYSTEM ELEMENTS Power Supply System SDMB250Z includes: Rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W Hybrid Controller PI1 type Solar converter FUN 68-48/3000W Automatic phase selector High Cyclic Batteries GNB/Sonnenschein type Number of batteries Outdoor Cabinet for Batteries PV module ISF-145 ISOFOTON PV array Genset power Estimated energy from PV array Estimated energy from genset Estimated energy from grid Estimated genset run time Estimated diesel fuel per year

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2kW DC load - 0h grid HYBRID SYSTEM ELEMENTS Power Supply System SDMB250Z includes: Rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W Hybrid Controller PI1 type Solar converter FUN 68-48/3000W Automatic phase selector High Cyclic Batteries GNB/Sonnenschein type Number of batteries Outdoor Cabinet for Batteries PV module ISF-145 ISOFOTON PV array Genset minimum power Estimated energy from PV array Estimated energy from genset Estimated energy from grid Estimated genset run time Estimated diesel fuel per year Qty (pcs) 1 5 1 5 NO SBS 190F 12 0 50 7.25kWp; ~50m2 12kW 51% 49% 0% 1300h ~3700l

4.1.7

2kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range) Qty (pcs) 1 5 1 1 YES SBS 190F 12 0 25 3.625kWp; ~25m2 ~8.7kW 30% 0% 70% 0h ~0l

HYBRID SYSTEM ELEMENTS Power Supply System SDMB250Z includes: Rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W Hybrid Controller PI1 type Solar converter FUN 68-48/3000W Automatic phase selector High Cyclic Batteries GNB/Sonnenschein type Number of batteries Outdoor Cabinet for Batteries PV module ISF-145 ISOFOTON PV array Genset power Estimated energy from PV array Estimated energy from genset Estimated energy from grid Estimated genset run time Estimated diesel fuel per year

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4.2

Hybrid System Calculation Assumptions

The attached calculations were made using the following assumptions: 1. Location: equatorial Africa. 2. Battery type: medium cyclic. 3. Battery room cooling: DC air conditioner. 4. Rectifiers room cooling: DC fans (free-cooling). 5. Depth of discharge: 50% - for a long battery life cycle. 6. Cost of fuel, including the fueling service: 1.5 $ per liter. 7. The genset operation and maintenance costs: 0.45$ per hour. 8. Genset start/stop by dry contact. 2 9. Available area for PV array: 15x15m . 10. Installation cost: 3,000$.

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