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Dual Band Microstrip Antenna Working in the Frequency Bands 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz
R. Przesmycki, M. Wnuk, L. Nowosielski, K. Piwowarczyk, and M. Bugaj Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology Gen. S. Kaliskiego 2 Str., Warsaw 0-908, Poland

Abstract The fast development technology of wireless internet access and the requirements
to comply of the standards applied to the WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) as well as the possibility of using the ISM (Industrial, Scientic, Medical) frequency bands in the ranges 24002500 MHz and 57255875 MHz has forced demand for dual-band antennas, which can be implemented in stationary and mobile devices. The paper shows the dimensional model of the antenna made in microstrip technology, working in two frequency bands 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. This antenna can be used in mobile wireless networks. The paper show the results of simulation of radiation characteristics and electrical parameters of designed antenna made in the software CST Microwave Studio and the measurement results performed in anechoic chamber in the Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory in Military University of Technology in Warsaw, Poland. 1. INTRODUCTION

The fast development technology of wireless internet access and the requirements to comply of the standards applied to the WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) as well as the possibility of using the ISM (Industrial, Scientic, Medical) frequency bands in the ranges 24002500 MHz and 5725 5875 MHz has forced demand for dual-band antennas, which can be implemented in stationary and mobile devices. Using antennas in mobile devices provides to requirement for unidirectional radiation patterns. This requirement, and additionally requirements on the size and electrical parameters of antenna meets mostly built antenna in microstrip technology. One of the ways implementation of dual-band microstrip antenna is a double T antenna, which composed of two radiators in the shape of the letter T. In most of solutions radiating elements have dierent sizes. This allows antenna can work in two frequency bands. One of the ways implementation of dual-band microstrip antenna is a double T antenna, which composed of two radiators in the shape of the letter T. The double T antenna can be considered as two parts placed on one side of the laminate. They are supplied 50 microstrip line placed on the same side of the laminate. On the second side dielectric is a ground plane (Figure 1(a)). One radiating element of antenna is operating in the lower frequency band. The second radiating element is designed for higher frequency band. Using dierent lengths of the horizontal line, and the thickness of the radiating elements allows for wider frequency bandwidth [2]. Double T antenna can be analyzed as two separate antennas working on individual frequency band. Other interesting solution of dual band antenna is a structure which showed in Figure 1(b). The construction of this type antenna allows for a much larger frequency bandwidth than the antenna which is presented in Figure 1(a) [1].
2. THE MODEL AND SIMULATION RESULT OF DESIGNED ANTENNA

Figure 2 shows the analyzed antenna. It consists of two /4 monopolies shaped in T letter. Each of the two monopoles consists of two parts, orthogonal with each other. Element responsible for

(a)

(b)

Figure 1: Models of double T microstrip antenna.

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PIERS Proceedings, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA, March 2730, 2012

the upper frequency range is a radiator in a T letter shaped, located in the central part of the antenna, while the radiator is responsible for the lower frequency range (2.4 GHz) is located above. Using the simulation environment CST Microwave Suite, model of antenna was created, whose geometrical dimensions are shown in Figure 2. As a result of the design process were nally selected dielectric: h2 = 1.524 mm, 2 = 2.6 Rogers RT/ULTRALAM 2000. Geometrical dimensions of the antenna shall be set at: Wg = 72.98 mm, Lg = 29 mm, Lde = 24.33 mm, Wf = 4.83 mm, Htu = 16.06 mm, Htl = 9.245 mm, Ltu = 5.15 mm, Wtu = Wtl = 1.94 mm, Ltl = 7.26 mm. For this model of the antenna using a simulation environment CST, electrical parameters and radiation patterns of the antenna was determined. Figure 3 shows the course of the VSWR and the antenna input impedance. Figures 4 and 5 shows a radiation patterns of the antenna model in two polarization for 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz frequency obtained by the simulation. In the vertical polarization for both the frequency characteristics of the antenna are omnidirectional, which agrees with the assumptions posed design for the prepared antenna. The real part of input resistance of the designed model antenna for frequency 2.4 GHz is 39 while for the frequency 5.8 GHz is 46 (Figure 3(b)).

(a)

(b)

Figure 2: The dimensioned model of analyzed antenna: (a) Construction of the radiator. (b) General view.

(a)

(b)

Figure 3: (a) The simulation course of VSWR and (b) real part of input impedance as a function of frequency.

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

Figure 4: The simulation of radiation patterns of the designed antenna model for vertical polarization for the frequency: (a) 2.4 GHz. (b) 5.8 GHz.

Figure 5: The simulation of radiation patterns of the designed antenna model for horizontal polarization for the frequency: (a) 2.4 GHz. (b) 5.8 GHz.

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Figure 6: Double T antenna during the measurements in anechoic chamber.

GP-IB RECIVER HP 8530 WITH SOFTWARE HP 8510 SWEEP IN STOP SWEEP
PERSONAL COMPUTER PC WITH SOFTWARE

IF INTERCONNECT

GP-IB BUS

KALIBRATOR HP85060C (ECal Unit)

GENERATOR HP 83620

MANUAL CALIBRATION KIT

FREQUENCY CONVERTER HP 8514 (S-PARAMETER TEST SET)

Calibration module HP 85062-60001 lub HP 85062-60002

ANTENNA TEST

Figure 7: Block diagram of measuring position for VSWR testing and input impedance of antennas.
10 9 8 7 WFS 6 5 4 3 2 1 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 Czstotliwo [MHz] 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 Czstotliwo [MHz] 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 Czstotliwo [MHz]

(a)

X [ohm]

R [Ohm]

(b)

Figure 8: (a) The measured course of VSWR and (b) input impedance (real and imaginary part) as a function of frequency. 3. THE MEASUREMENT RESULTS OF ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS AND RADIATION PATTERNS OF DOUBLE T ANTENNA

For the validate the analysis performed in the previous chapter, and verify the electrical parameters obtained in the nal simulation model of the antenna were measured for the antenna made a physical model based on the results of the simulation. Figure 6 shows a designed model of double T antenna placed in the right place at the measurement positions of the radiation patterns and VSWR measurements in the anechoic chamber. For measuring SWR and input impedance of antennas it is necessary to draw up measuring position in the conguration showed in Figure 7. Measurement of VSWR and input impedance requires conducting calibration of measuring position. Calibration allows to minimize systematic errors which could appear during measurements. Because for SWR measurements and input impedance for various types of antennas there can be used dierent kinds of ducts, it is calibration that will provide elimination of inuence of their parameters on the measurement result. After performing calibration of measuring position and

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verication of correctness of the performed calibration, to slotted line in the place of matched load it is necessary to connect the tested antenna. Connection should be made in such a way that measuring cable is connected directly to antenna input or by using minimum essential number of adapters necessary for change of connection standard. Due to frequency band in which designed microstrip antenna operate, the measurements have been conducted in the range from 2 GHz to 6.4 GHz. The measurement results of VSWR and input impedance (real and imaginary part) of the discussed microstrip antenna in the function of frequency are showed in Figure 8. Obtained by measuring the input resistance value is 39 for a frequency 2.4 GHz and 39 for a frequency 5.8 GHz (Figure 8). For measuring antenna patterns it is necessary to draw up measuring position in the conguration shown in Figure 9. Measuring of antenna patterns is performed in the below mentioned way. For initial position of rotary head desired power in the generator output is set and the rst measuring frequency. Measurement of the power level of reference signal is conducted as well as test signal received by the tested antenna. After nishing measurement there comes retuning of the signal source and measuring both signals for next declared frequency. These measurements are carried out in turn until the last assigned frequency. According to the assigned step, rotary head performs rotation of the tested antenna to the next angular position and stops. Finishing measurements takes place after measuring power levels for the whole full rotation angle of the tested antenna. On the basis of VSWR results and input impedance of the discussed microstrip antenna, the measurements of antenna characteristics have been made in the range of frequency of operating band of antennas, taking into account edges of frequency interval of operating band of antenna and mind-band frequencies. The measurement results of the discussed microstrip antennas in the angle
MICROWAVE BOARD Ref. OUT

MEASUREMENT ROOM

Input Amp. IN Amp. OUT Output

Generator Power Amplifier

HP 8511

Transient Panel

ANECHOIC CHAMBER

Transmit Antenna

Reciver Antenna

Figure 9: Block diagram of measuring position for antenna patterns measurements.

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

Figure 10: Normalized antenna patterns of double T antenna in vertical polarization for frequencies: (a) 2400 MHz. (b) 5800 MHz.

Figure 11: Normalized antenna patterns of double T antenna in horizontal polarization for frequencies: (a) 2400 MHz. (b) 5800 MHz.

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function for selected frequencies of the whole operating band are practically identical. Because of that, below there are presented normalized characteristics of the discussed microstrip antenna for the selected frequencies 2.4 GHz and 5.8 MHz in polar coordinates in vertical polarization (Figure 10) and horizontal polarization (Figure 11). These results conrm the radiation patterns are omnidirectional shape in the vertical polarization, which is an advantage as an designed antenna for the possibility of using an designed antenna in mobile devices.
4. CONCLUSION

After analyzing the measurement results of the discussed microstrip antennas we can state that presented antennas are characterized by good mechanical and electrical parameters. Depending on needs, particular antennas can be used in various elds. The form of radiation characteristics is in accordance with theoretical assumptions. The presented double T antenna model gives the possibility to work at the same time over the Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz and ISM frequencies from the range 24002500 MHz and 57255875 MHz range. The construction of the designed antenna made a modern solution to an antenna device for a compact form, which is especially important in a situation to use it on mobile devices. Omnidirectional radiation pattern in the plane of vertical polarization additionally increases usability of the designed double T antenna.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The research work nanced from the nancial funds assigned to the science in the years 2011/2013 as the development work. The research work is realized in Poland.
REFERENCES

1. Jang Large, Y.-W., Bandwidth double-T shaped microstrip fed single layer single slot antenna, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 30, No. 3, Aug. 5, 2001. 2. Kuo, Y.-L. and K.-L. Wong, Printed double-T monopole antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz dualband WLAN operations, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 9, Sep. 2003. 3. Wnuk, M., R. Przesmycki, L. Nowosielski, and M. Bugaj, Multilayer microstrip antenna on at base in the X band (8.5 GHz12 GHz), PIERS Online, Vol. 7, No. 3, 216220, 2011. 4. Bugaj, M., R. Przesmycki, L. Nowosielski, and K. Piwowarczyk, Active microstrip antennas operating in X band, PIERS Online, Vol. 7, No. 3, 221225, 2011.