UJIAN 2

SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN KUALA PERLIS

02000 KUALA PERLIS, PERLIS.
Nama:
Tingkatan:..
TOPIC: 5. CHEMICAL BONDS
6. ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Instruction: Answer all questions.

1
a)

i) The electron arrangement for argon is 2.8.8.

Why is this element very stable and not reactive?

[1 mark]
ii) Name one other element that has the same stability as argon.

[1 mark]

b)

Atoms of both sodium and chlorine are unstable.

They react to form an ionic compound which is more stable.
Diagram 3.1 shows a sodium chloride compound, NaCl, that is produced by the formation of an
+
ionic bond between a sodium ion, Na , and a chloride ion, Cl-.

Na+

ClDiagram 3.1

i) How are a sodium ion and chloride ion formed from their respective atoms?
Sodium ion : ..
Chloride ion : .
[2 marks]

ii) Name the force that exists between these ions in the compound.
...
[1 mark]

iii) The melting point of sodium chloride, NaCl, is 801 C and its boiling points is
o
1413 C.
o
What will happen to the ions in this compound at 900 C?

[1 mark]
iv) Give one reason for your answer in 3(b)(iii).
..
[1 mark]
c)

Diagram 3.2 shows the proton number and nucleon number for two elements, X and Y.
The letter used do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.

Diagram 3.2

Draw a diagram to show the bonding formed between elements X and Y

[3 marks]

SPM 2007/P2/Q4
Table 4 shows the electrical conductivity and melting points of substances P, Q and R.
Substance
P
Q
R

Electrical conductivity in the state of

Solid
Molten
Aqueous
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes

Melting point/ C
< -110
80 90
> 800

Table 4
a)

i) State the types of structure and bonding of substance P.

Structure :
.
Bonding :
.
[2 marks]
ii) Explain why substance P has a low melting point.
.
[1 mark]

b)

State how the bonds are formed in :

i) Substance Q
.
[1 mark]
ii) Substance R
.
[1 mark]

c)

State why the electrical conductivity of substance R is different in solid state compared to the
molten and aqueous states.
Solid state:
.
.
[2 marks]
Molten and aqueous state :
.
.
[2 marks]

d)

Based on the information in Table 4, fill in the following blanks.

Substance . is soluble in water.
Substance and substance are insoluble in water
[3 marks]

Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of sodium chloride
solution with carbon electrodes.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan natrium klorida
dengan menggunakan elektrod-elektrod karbon.

Test tube
Tabung Uji

0.001 mol dm-3 sodium

chloride solution
larutan natrium klorida
0.001 mol dm-3

Electrolytic Cell
Sel Elektrolisis

Electrode P
Elektrod P

Electrode Q
Elektrod Q

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

(a)

What is the energy change in the electrolytic cell above?

Apakah perubahan tenaga dalam sel elektrolisis di atas?
....................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b)

Write the formulae of all ions present in sodium chloride solution.

Tuliskan formula bagi semua ion yang hadir dalam larutan natrium klorida.
...............................................................................
[1 mark]

(c)

(i)

Name the ions that discharged at electrode P and electrode Q.

Namakan ion yang didischarge pada elektrod P dan elektrod Q.
Elektrod P:..........................................................
Elektrod Q:..................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii) Write a half equation that occur at elektrod P and elektrod Q.
Elektrod P;...............................................................................................
Elektrod Q:...............................................................................................
[ 2marks]

(ii)

How do you identify the gas collected at elektrod Q ?

Bagaimanakah anda mengesahkan gas yang terkumpul di elektrod Q?
.......
......
[2 marks]

(d)

(i)

What is the product formed at electrode P if the experiment is repeated using

2.0 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution?
Apakah hasil yang akan terbentuk di elektrod P jika eksperimen ini di ulangi
dengan menggunakan larutan natrium klorida 2.0 mol dm-3?
..................................
[1 mark]

(ii)

Explain your answer in (d)(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di (d)(i).

....
....
[2 marks]

(iii)

Write the half equation for the reaction at electrode P.

Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di elektrod P.
.......
[1 mark]

(e)

Suggest one metal that can replace the carbon electrodes in this experiment to
obtain the same result as above.
Cadangkan satu logam yang boleh menggantikan elektrod karbon dalam eksperimen
tersebut untuk mendapatkan keputusan yang sama seperti di atas.
.........
[1 mark]

SPM 2005/P3/Q2
A pupil wanted to construct the electrochemical series.
He measured the potential dfference of a few pairs of metals.
The set up of the apparatus of his experiment is shown in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2 shows the results obtained from experiment after 30 minutes.

Figure 2.2

(a)(i) State two observations that you see during the experiment and state the inference.

Observation

Inference

[ 3 marks]
(b)

The pupil repeated the experiment by substituting the zinc metal with iron,
magnesium and lead.
Each time he used copper metal as the positive electrode and fresh copper(II)
sulphate solution.
The following table shows the voltmeter readings he obtained from the pairs of
metals.

Experiment
I
II
III
IV

Pairs of metal
Negative
Positive
electrode
electrode
Zinc
Copper
Iron
Copper
Magnesium
Copper
Lead
Copper

Reading of
voltmeter/ V
1.10
0.78
2.72
0.45

(i)Based on the above information, complete the following table.

Manipulated variable:

Method to manipulate the variable:

..

......

..

..

Responding variable:

How the variable is responding:

.........................................................

...

..
Controlled variable:
..

...
Method to maintain the controlled
variable
...

...

...

(ii) Based on the voltmeter readings, arrange all the metals in ascending
order of their electropositivity.
Berdasarkan bacaan voltmeter, susun semua logam dalam susunan menaik
keelektropositifan mereka.
..
[ 1 mark]
(c)

State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

..

[2 marks]