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AUTHOR: Jos Mara Tintor Parra SCHOOL: LEVEL: 2 ESO OWNER:

CONTENTS: 1- TRADE AND EXPLORATION IN THE RENAISSANCE. 2- CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. 3- AMERICAN PEOPLE.

The Aztecs The Incas


4- THE SPANISH CONQUERORS. Hernan Cortes Francisco Pizarro 5- OTHER EXPLORERS. Magallanes and Elcano Ponce de Len Francisco de Orellana 6- PRODUCTS FROM THE NEW WORLD. 7- THE SPANISH EMPIRE. EXERCISES. GLOSSARY. LINKS.

1- TRADE AND EXPLORATION IN THE RENAISSANCE. Tools for exploration during the Renaissance. One was the astrolabe. The astrolabe helped to determine latitude.

Another tool, the magnetic compass, improved upon during the Renaissance.

Maps were more reliable.

Shipbuilding also improved. Galleons became common. These ships used the sail, and, sometimes oars.

The Beginning of Trade For traders, sailing was a good option. There were few roads, with a lot of thieves.

The Renaissance sailor looked for Asian spices: Peppercorns, nutmeg and cinnamon.

Also from the East came precious gems and fine silk.

2- CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. There was a man, Christopher Columbus. He thought he could sail a ship from his home in Europe to India.

"He needed money for a trip around the world to India and come back to Europe, bringing wonderful spices and Indian things. The Queen of Spain gave him the money and ships.

Columbus and his men set sail on Friday, August 3, 1492 from Palos, Spain. Columbus had a big ship, the Santa Maria (the St. Mary) and two small ships, the Pinta and the Nia.

Here, you can see columbus speaking with the Catholic Monarchs

They stopped for fresh water at the Canary Islands.

Then they sailed southwest. Twenty-one days later the sailors were afraid. They wanted to go to Spain.

Just then they saw birds!

At two o'clock on the morning of October 12, they saw land! It was the island San Salvador.

Columbus thought it was the Indies, so he called the new world 'the Indies' and the people 'Indians.'

On March 15, 1493 he returned to Spain.

He got a lot of presents to Spain. He got parrots, seashells and some Indian people!

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3- AMERICAN PEOPLE.

The Aztecs
The Aztec were the rulers of what is now Mexico between about 1300 and 1521. Their capital was at Tenochtitlan. By 1325 the Aztecs built a large, beautiful and powerful city, on a small island which they called Tenochtitlan. In the middle of the city there was a beautiful square with temples.

The Aztec Empire Their empire stretched from the Pacific Ocean in the west, to the Atlantic Ocean in the east.

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Sacrifices to the sun. Aztecs believed that the sun god, Huitzilopochtli, needed human hearts to live.

The aztec ball game. Aztecs played a ball game, the ullamaliztli. They could use knees and elbows to play. It had a religious sense. The game represented the battle between day and night.

Some historians say that the losers were sacrificed. But other say that the winners were sacrificed, because the sacrifice was a great honor!!! Aztec language: They spoke Nahuatl. Today, they speak Nahuatl in South of Mexico. Listen to Norte de Puebla Nahuatl. 12

The Incas
The Inca Empire: In the Andes Mountains there was a civilization: The Incas. At the height of their power, the Inca Empire was 2,500 miles long, 500 miles wide, and home to 12 million people. These people called themselves "the Children of the Sun".

The Incas formed a powerful central government. The Inca Empire was very well organized. They used quipus. Quipus is a code with knots, and they used it for the archives.

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They hadn't wheels or metal tools, but they had incredible cities made of stone.

The capital city of Cuzco was the heart of the empire. It was in the Andes Mountains. It was a beautiful city. There were palaces, temples, schools, houses, and government buildings. It had gardens with exotic herbs, trees, and flowers. There was a square for ceremonies. They had roads linking all the Empire. Farmers, traders, messengers and soldiers used the roads.

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Like the Pharaohs of Egypt, the Inca was the all-powerful emperor, the leader of the Inca people. Inca means emperor. The Inca ruled everything and owned everything.

The Inca was a direct descendant of the sun god, Inti. Language: In Per they had a common language. This language was called Quechua. You can hear quechua in this page. http://www.quechua.org.uk/Sp/Sounds/Home/HomeWords.htm To this day, many descendants of the Incans still inhabit the nations of Chile, Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador. These people still speak Quechua, the official Incan language, and still practice Incan culture.

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4- THE SPANISH CONQUERORS. The conquering of the Spanish Empire in America took a short period of time. Spain conquered the New World very quickly, through a combination of such tactics as massacre, threats, bribery, and intrigue. By 1515 the West Indies were Spanish. By 1521 the Aztecs were under Spanish domination. By 1536 the Incas were under Spanish control too. How was that possible? Well, the conquerors had advantages. They had battle dogs and horses, gunpowder, steel weapons and armour.

But, the real advantage was the disease. The Amerindians had no antibodies to the European plagues. The smallpox was terrible.

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Hernan Cortes

He was born in Medellin, Province of Estremadura, Spain in 1485. He died near Seville, Spain, December 2, 1547. Corts studied unsuccessfully to be a lawyer at Salamanca. Then in 1502 decided to go to the New World. He took part in the conquest of Hispaniola and Cuba. In 1519 Cortes set out from Cuba with 11 ships, 550 men, and 60 horses.

He burned his fleet, because the men wanted to turn back.

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Cortes found allies in Mexico: The Tlaxcalans. They helped him in battle and with food and supplies.

The expedition arrived in the Aztec capital, Tenochtitln.

Cortes demanded a lot of gold, and, after a few weeks, captured Moctezuma.

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The Aztecs elected a new emperor and rebelled.

Cortes had to fight. The fighting was fierce, but Cortes and a small portion of his party escaped. That was the Noche triste.

On his way back, Cortes found Spanish reinforcements. They attacked Tenochtitln again. It was a long siege and plague appeared in the city.

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After a long siege and fierce fighting, the last Aztec emperor, Cuautemoc, surrendered to Cortes on August 13, 1521.

He returned to Spain a very wealthy man.

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Francisco Pizarro In 1531, Francisco Pizarro and his men went to the Inca Empire.

The army of 180 men, thirty seven horses, and two cannons went through the Andes Mountains until Cajamarca, an Inca city.

With an army of 90,000 men, the Inca Empire was a powerful state.

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On November 16, 1532, Pizarro met with Atahualpa, the emperor of the Inca Empire.

Atahualpa had 30,000 Inca warriors. During the meeting, Pizarro and his soldiers killed thousands of indians and took Atahualpa prisoner.

The brave Inca warriors fought against the Spanish. But they lost. The Spanish weapons and armor were very powerful.

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Pizarro demanded gold.

Pizarro received the gold, but after taking the gold, Pizarro killed Atahualpa. With their emperor dead, the Inca warriors surrendered, and Pizarro stole all the gold and silver from the Inca capital of Cuzco.

In 1541, some men of Almagro, his old friend, killed Pizarro.

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This was the beginnig of wars between Spanish armies in America.

5- OTHER EXPLORERS. Magallanes and Elcano They went around the world. Magellan died in the trip. Of the 237 men who set out on five ships to circumnavigate the earth in 1519, only 18 completed the circumnavigation and managed to return to Spain in 1522.

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Ponce de Len He discovered Florida while searching for the Fountain of Youth. He died of a poisoned arrow, exploring Florida.

Francisco de Orellana He discovered the Amazon river and navigated it.

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6- PRODUCTS FROM THE NEW WORLD. In America, the European explorers found a lot of silver and gold. But they brought new products, for example:

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But the Europeans brought many products and technology to America too. For example:

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7- THE SPANISH EMPIRE. 29

The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in world history, and one of the first global empires. It included territories and colonies in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania.

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EXERCISES. Exercise 1: a) Go to the link and look in the timeline for the date of: Marco Polo's trip. Portuguese sailors discover the Congo River. The Treaty of Tordesillas. Vasco da Gama reaches India. The death of Magellan. James Cook finds Australia.

Link: http://www.mariner.org//educationalad/ageofex/timeline.php b) Now place the facts in the map, with the date.

Exercise 2: Watch this video about the astrolabe and draw one. http://www.mariner.org/exploration/index.php?page=videoplayer&video=video3.swf

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Exercise 3: Go to the link and draw in the map: The Marco Polo's route. The route of Bartolomeu Dias. The Columbus' trip. The Magellan's trip.

Exercise 4: Go to the link and look for an explorer you like. Write what he did. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/1500a.shtml Exercise 5: Look at this map and calculate: The distance from Spain to Cipango (Japan) in the Columbus idea. The real distance from Spain to Japan. The distance from Spain to America.

Clue: The distance between meridians is 111km in Equator. You can use the map in your book. 32

Exercise 6: Look for the meaning of these words and solve the wordsearch.

Meaning: Atlanctic: Claim: Discovery: Ferdinand: Gold: Hardtack: Indies: Isabella: New World:

Nina: (Nia) Pinta: Sailors: Santa Mara: Scurvy: Ships: Spain: Spices: Voyage:

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Exercise 7: Click on the link and watch the presentation. Do the quiz. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/famouspeople/standard/columbus/index.shtml#focus Look for the words: Weaver: Deck: To Spot: Prayers: To claim: Exercise 8: True or false: a) For traders, travelling by land was the best option. b) The Asian spices were very valuable. c) Silk came from Asia. d) Galleons needed oars. e) The astrolabe is a ship. f) They used the GPS during the Renaissance. g) Thieves attacked the caravans during the Renaissance. Exercise 9: Set in order: Columbus life. They stopped for water in the Canary Islands. Columbus arrives to San Salvador. Rodrigo de Triana watches land. The Queen Isabelle gives Columbus money and ships. Columbus died in 1506, in Valladolid. The sailors wanted to go back. Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa (We suppose) in 1451. Columbus goes back to Spain with parrots, seashells and Indian People Columbus sets sail from Palos, Huelva.

Exercise 10: Aztecs Click on the link and try to solve the puzzle. http://www.snaithprimary.eril.net/gpot10.htm

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Exercise 11: The Aztec Gods. a) Click on the links and try to find the name for:

Goddess of storms and water, youthful beauty, vitality and violence. The corn god, the giver of food, god of fertility and regeneration. God of war and chief god of the Aztecs. The God of the Curved Obsidian Blade. God of darkness and destruction. Ruler of the Land of the Dead. The Feathered Serpent. God of the winds and the breath of life. Lord of all sources of water, clouds, rain, lightning, mountain springs, and weather. Eater of filth, devourer of sins, goddess of witches and witchcraft. God of the Sun.

http://www.windows.ucar.edu/cgi-bin/tour_def/mythology/aztec.html http://www.crystalinks.com/aztecgods.html b) Draw three of them. Exercise 12: Click on the link and do the quiz Dinner with Moctezuma. http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/millennium/16/map/frameset.exclude.html

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Exercise 13: Archaeology at the Inca ruins: Click on the link and try to solve the game: http://www.amnh.org/ology/archaeology#features/inca?TB_iframe=true&height=540&width=750 Exercise 14: Click on the link and try to fill this table. http://coe.fgcu.edu/students/webb/meso/index.htm

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Exercise 15: In this map, colour the Aztec and Inca zones:

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Exercise 16: Go to youtube and watch these videos: (at home) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyLL2sPu4q4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuD4vchi3ho&feature=related Now, say four reasons for the Spanish victory in these battles. Exercise 17: Macchu Picchu. a) Answer the questions: 1- What is Machu Picchu? 2- Where is it? Place it on this map:

3- When was it discovered? 4- How high is it? b) Colour this drawing of Machu Picchu.

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Exercise 18: a) Name two actual countries that belong to the Inca Empire. b) Name two actual countries thath belong to the Aztec Empire. Activity: Look for: a) One word in Quechua. Then, translate it into Spanish and English.

You can look in this link: http://www.quechua.org.uk/Sp/Sounds/Home/HomeWords.htm b) One word in Nahuatl. Then, translate it into Spanish and English.

You can look in this page: http://globalrecordings.net/program/C04461 Exercise 19: Colour and put name to these pictures:

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GLOSSARY. Afraid: Asustado. Allies: Aliados. Antibody: Anticuerpo. Armour / Armor: Armadura. Army: Ejrcito. Arrow: Flecha. Astrolabe: Astrolabio. Bribery: Soborno. Cinnamon: Canela. Compass: Brjula. Disease: Enfermedad. Elbow: Codo. Fierce: Feroz. Fleet: Flota. Fresh: Fresco. Galleon: Galen. (Un tipo de barco grande) Government: Gobierno. Gunpowder: Plvora. Heart: Corazn. Height: Altura / Cspide. Herb: Hierba. Knee: Rodilla. Knot: Nudo. Land: Tierra. Nutmeg: Nuez moscada. Oar: Remo. Party: Partida (Se refiere a partida de guerra, un grupo de combatientes que no llega a ser tan numeroso como para formar un ejrcito.) Peppercorn: Grano de pimienta. Plague: Plaga. Poisoned: Envenedado. Powerful: Poderoso. Reinforcements: Refuerzos. Reliable: Fiable. Sacrifice: Sacrificio. Sail: Vela. Sailing: Navegacin. Sailor: Marinero. Sense: Sentido. Ship: Barco. Shipbuilding: Fabricacin de barcos. Siege: Asedio. Silk: Seda. Smallpox: Viruela. Spice: Especia. Square: Plaza / Cuadrado. State: Estado. Steel: Acero. 40

Supplies: Suministros. Temple: Templo. Thief (Thieves en plural): Ladrn. Threat: Amenaza. (To threat: Amenazar) Through: A travs / A travs de. Trip: Viaje. Unsuccesfully: Sin xito. Vast: Vasto (en el sentido de amplio, grande) Wealthy: Rico. Wide: Ancho. Youth: Juventud. To arrive: Llegar. To call: Llamar. To conquer: Conquistar. To demand: Exigir, demandar. To improve: Mejorar. To inhabit: Habitar. To link: Unir. To manage: Arreglrselas. To own: Poseer. To sail: Navegar. To set out: Partir, salir. To set sail: Partir (en un viaje por mar) To stretch: Extenderse. To surrender: Rendirse.

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LINKS. http://www.sxc.hu/ http://www.icarito.cl/medio/articulo/0,0,38035857_152309065_147570526,00.html Para la imagen del comerciante. http://www.diffworlds.com/images/gamelords/Thieves%27%20Guild%2010.jpg Para los ladrones. http://www.geocities.com/tour_map/tour_map/silk_route_map.jpg Para la ruta de la seda http://www.bigoven.com/uploads/peppercorn_black.jpg Para la pimienta http://www.spices-store.com/images/nutmeg.jpg Para la nuez moscada. http://www.ambrotosehealth.com/wp-content/uploads/image/Cinnamon-diabetes.jpg Para la canela. http://robinsjewelersltd.com/images/loose_colored_gemstones.jpg Para las gemas. http://z.about.com/d/sewing/1/0/K/t/silk.jpg Para la seda. http://www.museo-oriental.es/imagenes/didactica/Sue%C3%B1os%20de%20Oriente/8.-%20El %20Gale%C3%B3n%20Manila%20o%20Gale%C3%B3n%20de%20Acapulco.jpg Para el galen. http://library.thinkquest.org/J002678F/columbus.htm Para la vida de Coln. http://www.paradoxplace.com/Perspectives/Genl %20Images/Images/Portrait_Images/Columbus/RGhirlandaio-Columbus-BR.jpg Para el retrato de Coln. http://www.museo-oriental.es/ver_didactica.asp?clave=4&loc=0 y http://eduardoallende.blogspot.com/2006/03/un-gran-descubrimiento.html Para el mapa de Toscanelli y la ruta pensada por Coln. http://www.fuenterrebollo.com/faqs-numismatica/numis-fotos/reyes-catolicos.html y http://www.revcyl.com/personajes%20hist%F3ricos/isabel%20la%20catolica.html Para imgenes de Isabel la Catlica. http://personales.ya.com/numisma/Dic/D.HTM Para la imagen de las monedas.

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http://descubreamerica.wordpress.com/2007/07/11/cristobal-colon/ Para la imagen de las carabelas partiendo. http://www.hobbiesguinea.com/ para la foto de La Nia, la Pinta y la Santa Mara. http://www.capraro.com.ar/IlustracionesColon.htm Dentro de la pgina web: http://www.cableducacion.org.mx/ Para las ilustraciones de las rutas de Coln. http://geology.com/ Para el dibujo de las Islas Canarias. http://www.bkcolombia.com Para el dibujo del pozo. http://historiayvarios.blogspot.com/2007_02_19_archive.html Para la caricatura de los marineros de Coln. http://republicavirtual.wordpress.com/2007/09/ Para los pjaros. http://www.xtec.es/~jvivanco/colon/primer_viaje_colon.kmz Para el dibujo de tierra a la vista! http://fichasdehistoria.blogspot.com/2008_10_01_archive.html Para el mapa de las islas del Caribe. http://www.remax-caribbeanislands.com/espanol/property_search/bahamas.asp Para el mapa de las Bahamas. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Columbus_landing_on_Hispaniola.JPG Para la imagen del desembarco. http://www.breakers.com/media/parrot.jpg Para el loro. http://usell-mart.com/catalog/images/CaribbeanTriton%20.jpg Para la pedazo de concha marina. http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Christopher_Columbus7.jpg Para el cuadro de Coln de vuelta a Espaa. (Christophe Colombe a la Cour d'Isabelle II / Crisotbal Colon en la Corte de Isabel la Catolica Digital ID: cph 3g02919 Source: color film copy transparency Reproduction Number: LC-USZC4-2919 (color film copy transparency) , LC-USZ6225558 (b&w film co) http://www.historiacocina.com/colaboraciones/caribe/indios.jpg Para la imagen del indio. http://www.kidspast.com/world-history/0281-aztecs.php Para la informacin sobre los aztecas y algunas imgenes. 43

http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/southamerica/before1500/history/aztec.htm Informacin sobre los aztecas. http://www.arqueometro.info/ Para el dibujo de Tenochtitln. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/aztecs1.htm Para el dibujo de Tenochtitln en perspectiva area. http://ginga-crossoveror.galeon.com/aficiones1399325.html Para las imgenes de guerreros aztecas. http://www.heraldicamesoamericana.com.mx/heraldica.htm Para el dibujo de Moctezuma. http://history.missouristate.edu/jchuchiak/HST%20350--Theme%203--Aztec_religious_rituals.htm Para el dibujo de los sacrificios aztecas. http://www.usborne-quicklinks.com/uk/uk_entity_pages/uk_download_image.asp? lib=690&linkid=456240 Para la imagen del quipus. http://www.usborne-quicklinks.com/uk/uk_entity_pages/uk_download_image.asp? lib=690&linkid=456239 Para la otra imagen del Machu Picchu. http://www.usborne-quicklinks.com/uk/uk_entity_pages/uk_download_image.asp? lib=690&linkid=456236 Para el mapa de los imperios andinos. http://proyectoporlaslibertades.com/ Para la carretera inca. http://lastdaysoftheincas.com/wordpress/?p=73 Para el dibujo de Cuzco. http://www.usborne-quicklinks.com/uk/uk_entity_pages/uk_download_image.asp? lib=690&linkid=456238 Para los guerreros incas. http://www.quechua.org.uk/Sp/Sounds/Home/HomeWords.htm Para escuchar el quechua. http://gerencia.blogia.com/2007/110803-la-produccion-en-el-imperio-inca.php Para la imagen de la aldea inca. http://usuarios.lycos.es/Ong_AYUDES/fourdescphotos5.html Para la imagen de campesinos peruanos. http://buenosdiasparral.blogspot.com/2008/05/los-aztecas.html 44

Para la imagen del juego de pelota. http://pe.kalipedia.com/historia-universal/tema/edad-media/inca.html? x1=20070717klphisuni_165.Kes&x=20070717klphisuni_166.Kes Para la imagen del emperador Inca. http://www.unique-southamerica-travel-experience.com/inti-raymi-sp.html Para la imagen del glifo de Inti, el dios del sol. http://www.especu.com/ecuador/historia.html para la imagen de Atahualpa. http://globalrecordings.net/program/C04461 Para escuchar nahuatl. http://sexyfrog.wordpress.com/2007/09/07/perros-en-la-conquista-de-america/ Para la foto del perro. http://clubestandarte.blogspot.com/ Para la foto del caballero. http://www.alabarda.net/articulos/figuras/figuras37_2.htm Para los arcabuceros. Dibujo original de Angus McBride. http://comprenderelayer.wordpress.com/2008/07/28/la-viruela-y-el-nuevo-mundo/ Para las imgenes relacionadas con la viruela. http://www.pbs.org/kpbs/theborder/espanol/history/timeline/1.html Para las imgenes de los barcos de Corts. http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/c/cortes.htm Para el cuadro de Hernn Corts. http://www.gfmer.ch/Medical_search/Countries/Cuba.htm Para el mapa de Cuba. http://www.xpoferens.cat/72.html Para los cuadros de la rendicin de Moctezuma. http://blogsfrommanoj.blogspot.com/2007/12/hernando-cortes.html Para la imagen de los barcos ardiendo. http://www.unsl.edu.ar/~fqbf/departamentos/BioqBiol_/seminario/animaciones.htm Para el icono de la antorcha. http://webscripts.softpedia.com/scriptScreenshots/FLAME-SCREEN-SAVER-Screenshots15210.html Para las llamas. http://www.famsi.org/spanish/research/pohl/pohl_meeting.html Para la imagen de la alianza con los tlaxcaltecas. 45

http://pe.kalipedia.com/fotos/historia-indias-nueva-espana.html?x=20070418klplyllic_58.Ies Para la imagen de los soldados de corts. http://www.greatamericancoincompany.com/c5/Wood-Pirate-Treasure-Chest-Stuffed-With-CursedAztec-Gold-Coins-p167.html Para el tesoro. http://www.mexico-tenoch.com/enmarca.php?de=http://www.mexicotenoch.com/lanacion/conquista.html Para la imagen de la rebelin de los aztecas. http://www.calstatela.edu/orgs/mecha/nochepart7.htm y http://www.redmexicana.com/historiademexico/lanochetriste.asp Para la imagen de La noche triste http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cortes-1.htm Para la imagen del asedio de Tenochtitln. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cortes-2.htm Para la imagen de la victoria en Mjico. http://tramoyam.blogspot.com/2008/02/cuauhtmoc-ltimo-emperador-azteca.html Para la rendicin de Cuauhtemoc. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/1500a.shtml Para la ruta de Pizarro. http://www.joseantonioavalos.com/2008/07/ilustracin-francisco-pizarro-vs-manco.html Para la imagen del ejrcito de Pizarro. http://www.rediscovermachupicchu.com/spanish-conquest-colonization.htm Para el retrato de Pizarro y el relieve con sus hombres. http://www.lizgallego.com/what_is_HIspanic.htm Para la imagen del Imperio Inca. http://html.rincondelvago.com/conquista-de-america_2.html Para la imagen de Pizarro y Atahualpa hablando. http://es.geocities.com/elfinaldelosincas/ Para la imagen de la captura de Atahualpa. http://cl.kalipedia.com/historia-peru/tema/peru-conquista/resistencia-indigena.html? x=20080607klphishpe_24.Kes Para la imagen de la batalla entre incas y espaoles. http://yourushistorychap1.blogspot.com/ Para la imagen de Pizarro entre el oro. http://www.kalipedia.com/fotos/muerte-atahualpa-pena-garrote.html?x=20080607klphishpe_4.Ies 46

Para el grabado de la muerte de Atahualpa. http://www.intiwiracocha.com/05packages.html Para el mapa de Per. http://www.kb.dk/permalink/2006/poma/412/en/text/ Para el dibujo de la muerte de Pizarro. http://flickr.com/photos/iesluisvelez2006-2007/2933128703/ Para el dibujo de la emboscada a Pizarro. http://pe.kalipedia.com/popup/popupWindow.html? anchor=klphishpe&tipo=imprimir&titulo=Imprimir%20Art %C3%ADculo&xref=20080607klphishpe_18.Kes Para el dibujo de la captura de Gonzalo Pizarro. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/printouts/m/magellan.shtml Para el mapa de Magallanes. http://history.howstuffworks.com/american-history/history-of-florida.htm/printable Para la imagen de Ponce de Len. http://hubpages.com/hub/Where-Is-The-Fountain-Of-Youth Para el imagen de la fuente de la eterna juventud. http://www.fuenterrebollo.com/Forjadores-America/historia2.html Para el sello de Orellana. http://www.gardenaction.co.uk/fruit_veg_diary/fruit_veg_mini_project_november_1_potato_wilja.h tm Para el dibujo de la patata. http://cksinfo.com/food/fruits/tomatoes/index.html Para la foto del tomate. http://scribalterror.blogs.com/scribal_terror/2007/07/the-many-uses-o.html Para la planta del tabaco. http://portal.sochipe.cl/modulos.php? mod=noticias&fn=94e679ab46d568928ad91afb91a749bb&id=1260 Para la imagen de las colillas. http://makerfaire.com/pub/e/2104 Para la imagen del cacao. http://vivemalaga.es/cata-de-chocolate/ Para la imagen del chocolate. http://makinghomemadewineandbeer.com/pumpkin-ale/ 47

Para la calabaza. http://www.global-b2b-network.com/b2b/2/5/137/page2/spicy_vegetables.html Para los pimientos. http://www.alibaba.com/product/interleather-11313217-0/Natural_Rubber_Latex.html Para la imagen del caucho. http://www.davidnavarrot.com/?cat=10 Para la goma de borrar. http://www.freefoto.com/preview/09-24-8?ffid=09-24-8 Para el dibujo de las patatas fritas. http://distractible.org/2007/06/10/ask-dr-rob-taco-time/ Para el bote de ketchup. http://www.aurorahistoryboutique.com/ahb_medievalArmor.htm Para la armadura de hierro. http://www.lowes.com/lowes/lkn? action=noNavProcessor&p=spanish/BuyGuide/ChsFastnrNailScrew.html&sec=esp] Para la imagen del clavo. http://www.edupics.com/en-coloring-pictures-pages-photo-donkey-i2870.html Para la imagen del burro. http://www.georgianindex.net/horse_and_carriage/carriage-breeds.html Para la imagen del caballo. http://www.eslpod.com/eslpod_blog/category/jokes-and-humor/ Para el cerdo. http://www.postershop-espana.com/Dan-Dan/Dan-Dan-Coffee-Break-I-9937411.html Para la imagen del caf. http://cuadernodeescuchas.blogspot.com/ Para los terrones de azcar. http://www.todocoleccion.net/antigua-rueda-carro-1-metro-diametro~x9509596 Para la rueda de carro. http://www.travelportal.info/general-travel-info/maps-route-planners/maps Para la imagen del mapa del mundo. http://www.henry-davis.com/MAPS/Ren/Ren1/300.html Para el mapa del concepto de Coln. http://holidays.kaboose.com/columbus-day/ Para la sopa de letras del Coln. 48

http://www.theholidayzone.com/columbus/printable.html Para los ejercicios de Jumble y de vocabulario sobre Coln. http://robbrowngeography.googlepages.com/mapquizmaterials Para el mapa de Amrica en blanco. http://www.dreamstime.com/south-american-map-blank-image1100360 Para el mapa de Amrica del sur en blanco. http://www.latin.ru:8101/publicacion/vera/vera1.shtml Para el dibujo en blanco del Machu Picchu. http://mvgdesign.us/franciscovillarreal/franciscodevillarreal.htm Para el dibujo del conquistador a caballo, para colorear. http://www.mariner.org/exploration/index.php?type=explorersection&id=199 Para la imagen en blanco y negro del sacrificio humano. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Captura_Atahualpa.jpg Para la imagen de la captura de Atahualpa en blanco y negro. http://herenciaespanola.blogspot.com/2007/07/imperio-espaol.html Para el mapa del Imperio Espaol.

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