n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc

SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3

LI NOI AU

Trong nhng nam gan ay l nh vc i eu khi en vatruyen ong i en aphat tri en

manh me.
ac bi et vi s phat tri en cua khoa hoc kythuat i en tti n hoc noi ri eng akhai
thac tat cacac u i em noi bat von cocua ong c khong ong bovi ong c mot
chi eu
Vi oan nay em aneu ra mot kha canh nhotrong l nh vc i eu khi en ong c
khong ong boroto l ong soc.
etai :
Thiet kebobien tan 3 pha eieu chnh toc oquay cua ong c khong
ong bo
Noi dung vacac chng trnh muc nh sau:
Chng 1: Tong quan veong c khong ong bo3 pha vacac phng phap i eu
chnh toc o.
Chng 2: Mach ong l c:
-Tong quan vecac bobi en tan.
-Thi et kes onguyen l ybobi en tan ap 3 pha i eu khi en toc oong c
khong ong bo.
-Tnh chon cac phan tmach ong l c.
Chng 3: Mach i eu khi en:
-Thi et kemach i eu khi en.
-Nguyen tac l am vi ec.
-Tnh chon cac phan tmach i eu khi en.
Chng 4: Mach bao vevaket l uan.
Do ay l aoan au ti en vi trnh ocohan khong tranh khoi nhng sai sot, em
mong cac thay cothong cam vaong gop yki en egi up em ti en bohn.
Em xi n chan thanh cam n cac thay gi ao hng dan Tran nh Khoi Quoc vacac
thay cotrong khoa i en bomon tong hoa achbao trong thi gi an l am etai .
aNang, Ngay Thang Nam2004
Si nh vi en thc hi en
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Chng 1:Tong quan veong c ien khong ong bo3 pha vacac
phng phap ieu chnh toc o
A- CAU TAO VAAC I EM
I - CAU TAO:
I -1: Cau tao phan tnh (stato)
Gom vomay, l oi sat vaday quan.
I -1.a Vomay:
Thng l am bang gang. oi vi may cocong suat l n (1000 kw), thng dung thep
tam han l ai thanh vo. Vomay cotac dung conh vakhong dung edan t.
I -1.b Loi sat:
c l am bang cac l athep kythuat i en day 0,35 mm en 0,5 mm ghep l ai .
Loi sat l aphan dan t. V ttrng i qua loi sat l attrng xoay chi eu, nham gi am
ton hao do dong i en xoay gay nen, moi l athep kythuat i en eu cophul p sn
cach i en. Mat trong cua l oi thep coxeranh eat day quan .
I -1.c Day quan :
Day quan c at vao cac ranh cua l oi sat vacach i en tot vi l oi sat. Day quan
stato gom coba cuon day at l ech nhau 120
o
i en.
I -2 Cau tao phan quay (roto):
I -2 a Tr uc :
Lam bang thep, dung el oi sat roto.
I -2-b Loi sat:
Gom cac l athep kythuat i en gi ong nh phan stato. Loi sat c ep trc ti ep l en
truc. Ben ngoai l oi sat coxeranh eat day quan.
I -2.c Day quan r oto:
Gom hai l oai : l oai roto day quan val oai roto ki eu l ong soc.
* Loai r oto ki eu day quan : day quan roto gi ong day quan stato vacosocc
bang socc stato. Day quan ba pha cua roto thng au hnh sao (y). Ba au ki a noi
vao ba vong trt bang ong at conh au truc. Thong qua choi than vavong
trt, a i en trphuvao mach roto nham cai thi en tnh nang mmay vai eu chnh
toc o.
* Loai r ot o ki eu l ong soc: l oai day quan nay khac vi day quan stato. Moi ranh cua
l oi sat c at mot thanh dan bang ong hoac nhom vac noi tat l ai hai au
bang hai vong ngan mach ong hoac nhom, lam thanh mot cai l ong, ngi ta goi ol a
l ong soc.
I -3 Khe h:
Khe htrong ong c khong ong borat nho(0,2 mm 1mm). Do oroto l amot
khoi tron nen roto rat eu.
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
1
1
n
n n
S

=
I I - AC I EM CUA ONG C KHONG ONG BO.
- Cau tao n gi an.
- au trc ti ep vao l i i en xoay chieu ba pha.
- Toc oquay cua roto nhohn toc ottrng quay cua stato n < n
1
.
Trong o:
n toc oquay cua roto.
n
1
toc oquay ttrng quay cua stato (toc oong bocua ong c )
B- NGUYEN LYLAM VI EC CUA ONG C KHONG ONG BO
Khi noi day quan stato vao l i i en xoay chi eu ba pha, trong ong c sesi nh ra
mot ttrng quay. Ttrng nay quet qua cac thanh dan roto, l am cam ng tren day
quan roto mot sc i en ong e
2
sesi nh ra dong i en i
2
chay trong day quan. Chi eu cua
sc i en ong vachi eu dong i en c xac nh theo qui tac ban tay phai .
Hnh.1-1 s onguyen l yong c khong ong bo.
Chi eu dong i en cua cac thanh dan na pha tren roto hng ttrong ra ngoai ,
con dong i en cua cac thanh dan na pha di roto hng tngoai vao trong.
Dong i en i
2
tac ong tng hovi ttrng stato tao ra l c i en ttren day dan
roto vamomen quay l am cho roto quay vi toc on theo chi eu quay cua ttrng.
Toc oquay cua roto n l uon nhohn toc ocua ttrng quay stato n
1.
Cos
chuyen ong tng oi gi a roto vattrng quay stato duy tr c dong i en i
2
va
momen. V toc ocua roto khac vi toc ocua t trng quay stato nen goi l aong c
khong ong bo.
ac trng cho ong c khong ong boba pha l ahesotrt:
(1-1)
Trong o:
n: l a toc o quay cua roto.
n
1
: toc oquay cua ttrng quay (toc oong bocua ong c).
M
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
60
2

1 n t
M M P 1 t = =
p
f
n
1
60
1 =
(1- 2)
f
1
: tan sodong i en l i .
p: sooi cc.
(1-2)
Khi tan socua mang i en thay oi th n
1
thay oi l am cho n thay oi .
Khi mmay th n = 0 vas = 1 goi l aotrt mmay.
Dong i en trong day quan vat trng quay tac dung l c tng hol en nhau nen
khi roto chu tac dung cua momen m th ttrng quay cung chu tac dung cua momen
m theo chi eu ngc l ai . Muon cho t trng quay vi toc on
1
th nophai nhan mot
cong suat a vao goi l acong suat i en t.
(1-3)
Khi ocong suat i en a vao:
(1-4)
Ngoai thanh phan cong suat i en t con coton hao
tren i en trday quan stato.
(1-5)
Ton hao sat:
(1-6)
Cong suat c truc l a:
Cong suat c nhohn cong suat i en t v con ton hao tren day quan roto:
Trong o:
M
2
sopha cua day quan roto.
V p
2
< p
t
do on < n
1
Cong suat c cua p
2
a ra nhohn p
2
v con ton hao do ma sat tren truc ong c vaton
hao phukhac:
cos . . 3 1 I U P =
st
st P P
P P P P t 1 t =
A = A
60
2
. ' 2
n
M M P
t
e = =
2 d P = t 2 P P
2 2 2 2 . . r I m P d = A
f c p P P P A A = = 2 2 '
(1-7)
(1-8)
(1-9)
(1-10)
2
1
2
1 1 3 I r Pd = A
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Hi eu suat cua ong c:
C- CAC AI LNG VAPHNG TR NH C BAN CUA ONG C.
1. Cac ai l ng
1.a Hesotr t:
ebi eu thmc oong bogi a toc oquay cua roto n vatoc ocua ttrng quay
stato n
1.
Ta co:
Hay tnh theo phan tram:
Xet vemat l ythuyet gi atrs sebi en thi en t 0 en 1 hoac t0 en 100
o
/
o
Trong o:
1.b Sc i en ong cua mach r oto l uc ng yen.
Trong o:
K
2
l ahesoday quan roto cua ong c.
F
20
tan soxac nh toc obi en oi cua tthong quay qua cuon day, v roto
ng yen nen:
1
1
n
n n
s

=
o
o
o
o
n
n n
S 100
1
1
=
) 1 (
60
1
1
1
s n n
p
f
n
=
=
m W f K E u = 2 20 2 20 44 , 4
t mach trong thong t cua ai cc so tr
m
|
60
1
20
pn
f =
) 9 , 0 8 , 0 (
1
2
= =
P
P
q
(1-11)
(1-12)
(1-13)
(1-14)
(1-15)
(1-16)
(1-17)
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
F
20
bang vi tan sodong i en a vao f
1
1.c Khi r oto quay:
Tan sotrong day quan roto l a:
Vay f
2s
= s.f
1
Sc i en ong tren day quan roto l uc ol a:
Vi f
2s
= s.f
1
thevao (1-19), ta c:
2. Phng trnh c ban cua ong c khong ong boba pha.
2.a Phng tr nh ac t nh toc o.
Theo s oang trmot pha nh hnh (1-2), ta cobi eu thc dong i en roto aqui oi
vestato.
Khi toc oong c n = 0 , theo (1-26) ta cos =1.
Neu i en ap at l en cuon stato u
1
= const th bi eu thc (1 29) chnh l aquan hegi a
dong i en roto aqui oi vestato i
2
vi os hay vi toc on.
Do obi eu thc (1-29) chnh l aphng tr nh ac tnh toc o.
2.b Phng tr nh ac tnh c.
60 60
) ( 1
1
1 1
2
p n
n
n n p n n
f X s

=
m K W f E s s u = 2 2 2 2 44 , 4
S K W f E m s u = 2 2 1 2 44 , 4
2
2 1
2
2
1
1
2
) ' ( )
'
(
'
x x
S
r
r
U
I
+ + +
=
( )
(
(

+ + |
.
|

\
|
+
=
2
2 1
2
2
1
1
2 1
'
'
' 3
x x
s
r
r
r U
M
e
(1-18)
(1-19)
(1-20)
(1-21)
(1-29)
(1-35)
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Bi eu thc (1-35) chnh l aphng tr nh ac tnh c. c bi eu di en quan hem = f (n)
nh hnh 1-3
Gi atrs sebi en thi en t- en + vamomen quay secohai gi atrcc ai goi l a
momen ti han (m
t
).
Lay ao ham cua momen theo hesotrt vacho dm/ds = 0.
Ta cohesotrt tng ng vi momen ti han m
t
goi l ahesotrt ti han.
Do ota c bi eu thc momen ti han :
Gi ai cac phng trnh (1-35), (1-36), (1-37) vaat :
Ta c dang n gi an cua phng trnh ac tnh c:
Hnh 1-3. ac tnh c cua ong c khong ong bo.
Nhan thay dang gan ung cua phng trnh ac tnh c nh sau:
oi vi ong c roto long soc, nhat l acac ong c cocong suat l n th
R
1
<< x
n
, nen cotheboqua r
1
vac = 0.
2
2 1
2
2
2
) ' (
'
x x r
r
S
th
+ +
=
) ( 2
3
2 2
1 1
1
2
1
n
th
x r r
pU
M
+ +
=
e
( )
c
c
2
1 2
+ +
+
=
s
s
s
s
M
M
th
th
th
c
(1-36)
(1-37)
(1-38)
(1-39)
s = 0
M
M
th
M
m
S
th
n
1
n
m
+s
n= 0
n x r
r
2 2
1
2 '
+
= c
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
S
S
S
S
M
M
th
th
th
+
=
2
Ta co:
Nhan xet: tcac bi eu thc (1-36) va(1-37), ta thay oi vi ong c xac l ap neu u
1
thay oi th s
t
= const vam
t
thay oi tl evi u
1
2
. Khi thay oi ien trmach roto bang
cach them i en trphu(oi vi ong c khong ong boroto quan day) th:
M
t
= const vas
t
tl evi r
2
.
Khi xet en i en trtren mach stato r
1
th momen ti han m
t
secohai gi atrkhac
nhau vang vi hai trang thai l am vi ec cua ong c.
* s = 0 , n
1
< n l atrang thai ham tai si nh ong c l am vi ec nh mot may phat.
* s > 0 , n
1
> n trang thai l am vi ec cua ong c.
3. Anh hng cua cac thong soen ac tnh c :
3.a Anh hng cua suy gi am i en ap l i cap ong c khong ong bo
Khi i en ap l i suy gi am, theo (1-37) m
th
gi am bnh phng l an osuy gi am cua
i en ap l i theo (1-36) th s
th
van khong thay oi .
3.b Anh hng cua i en tr , i en khang mach stato :
Khi noi them i en trhoac i en khang vao mach stato th theo (1-36) va
(1-37) s
th
vam
th
eu gi am.
3.c Anh hng cua sooi cc p
Ta co :
p
f
1
1
2t
e = (1-47)
suy ra : ) 1 (
1
s = e e (1-48)
khi thay oi sooi cc th toc ottrng quay
1
e thay oi , do otoc oong c
cung thay oi .
2 2
2
'
'
n
tF
x r
r
S
+
=
(1-43)
) ( 2
` 3
2 2
1 1
1
1
n
tF
x r r
U p
M
+ +
=
e
(1-44)
2 2
1
2 '
n x r
r
s
+
= t
(1-45)
) ( 2
3
2 2
1 1
1
2
1
n x r r
pU
M
+ +
=
e
t
(1-46)
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
3.d Anh hng cua thay oi tan sol i f
1
cap cho ong c khong ong bo:
Theo (1-47) va(1-48) khi thay oi f
1
th
1
e cung thay oi vado oe cung thay oi .
- neu f
1
>f
1m
, v m
th
2
1
1
f
~
nen khi m
th
gi am nen u
1
khong oi
- neu f
1
< f
1m
, vi u
1
khong oi th theo (1-1) dong i
1
tang nhanh. i eu nay khong cho
phep nen khi thay oi f
1
th phai thay oi u
1
theo 1 qui l uat nao oeong c khong
ong bosi nh ra c momen nh trong cheonh mc.
4. Cac phng phap i eu khien toc oong c vacac l uat ;
4.a i eu chnh i en ap ong c :
Momen cua ong c khong ong botl evi bnh phng i en ap stato nen cothe
i eu chnh c momen vatoc oong c bang cach thay oi i en ap trong khi gi
nguyen tan so.
4.b i eu chnh i en tr mach r oto :
Ta co: r = r
r
+ r
f
, khi tang gi atri en trtong r tc l al am tang otrt ti han
s
th
con momen ti han m
th
cua ong c khong oi .
4.c i eu chnh tan songuon cap cho ong c khong ong bo:
Luat i eu khi en tan so
Luat i eu chnh gi khanang quatai khong oi . Neu boqua i en trday quan
stato th cothetnh c momen ti han :
2
0
2
0
2 2
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
= - =
e e
s
m
s
Bs s
m
th
U
K
U
L L
L
M (1-49)
i eu ki en gi cho khanang quatai khong oi l a:
dm
th th
M
M
M
M
= (1-50)
Luat i eu chnh tthong khong oi :
Tcac quan hevedac tnh momen cotheket l uan rang neu gi tthong may
hoac tthong cua stato
s
| khong oi th momen sekhong phuthuoc vao tan sovam
th
se
khong thay oi trong toan boquatrnh i eu chnh
Luat i eu chnh tan sokhong trc .
2
2 2
) ( 1
.
2
3
s s
s s
r
m
I
I
R
L
e
e

+
= (1-51)
Neu gi tan sof khong trc ws = const th momen chphu thuoc i s makhong
phuthuoc tan songuon.
4.d Phng phap tang sol an chuyen mach tr ong mot chu ky.
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
4.e Phng phap i eu chnh bi en o(u
d
thay oi u
nl
thay oi )
4.f Phng phap i eu chnh or ong xung :
- Trong phng phap nay goc chuyen mach c xac nh bang cach so sanh
Gi a tn hi eu hnh si n mau e(t) vi tn hi eu da thng dang rang ca u(t). Tan sotn
hi eu u(t) cang l n l n th i en ap ra tai cang gan hnh si n hn. u i em noi bat l ava
i eu chnh c i en ap, va l am si n hoai en ap at vao ong c.
- Vi sol ng cac xung coorong thch hp phng phap i eu chnh orong
Xung cothel am tri et ti eu cac song bac cao.
- Do vay phng phap nay rat hay sdung.
- Vi phng phap i eu chnh toc oong c khong ong bobang bien tan th
Khong nhan i en ap tl i manhan i en ap tnghch l u cua bi en tan
- Ta nhan thay rang sdd cua day quan cua stato trong ong c khong ong bot
Levi tan soat vao f
1
vatthong | :
1 1
f k E | = (1-52)
- Mat khac, ta cophng trnh can bang i en ap :
1 1 1 1
Z I E U + = (1-53)
Neu coi sut ap tren day quan phan ng phan ng l akhong anh keth ta co:
U
1
= - e
1
- -
= E U
T(1-52) suy ra :
1
1
f k
U
| =
-
(1-54)
i eu khi en bi en o
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
T(1-54) ta thay, eam bao cho at tnh c coocng cao vakhanang qua tai
l n, ong thi i eu chnh i en ap u
1
sao cho tthong | khong oi , ngha l athay oi
1
1
f
U
= | echo ong c hoat ong toi u.
- Neu tan sof
1
gi am th tthong | tang, dan en dong i en thoa

I tang.
- Neu tan sof
1
tang th tthong | gi am, dan en day quan roto bquadong .
- Mat khac ta co: const I C M = =
2 2
cos |
Do ovi ec yeu cau thay oi toc oong c l aphai thay oi i en ap vatan somot
cach hp l ynhat eong c hoat ong toi u.
oi vi bobi en tan nguon ap i eu khi en toc oong c ta thay oi i en ap vatan so
theo:
- Thay oi i en ap : u
1
=
d
U o bang cac thay oi goc i eu khi en
T
T
1
: = o o
- Thay oi tan sobang cach thay oi chu kyphat xung i eu khi en nghch l u.
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
c h n h l u
l o c
N g h c h l u
CHNG I I
TONG QUAN VECAC HETHONG BI EN TAN
A- KHAI NI EM :
Bi en tan l amot thi et btohp cac l i nh ki en i en tthc hi en chc nang bi en oi tan
sovai en ap mot chi eu hay xoay chi eu cotan sonhat nh thanh dong i en xoay
chi eu cotan soi eu khi en c nhcac khoai en t.
B- PHAN LOAI :
Bi en tan c chi a l am hai l oai :
1. Bi en tan trc ti ep :
Con c goi l abi en l abi en tan phuthuoc. Thng gom cac nhom chnh l u i eu khi en
mac song song ngc cho xung l an l t hai nhom chnh l u tren ta cothenhan c dong
xoay chi eu tren tai .
Nh vay i en ap xoay chi eu u
1
(f
1
) chcan qua
mot van l achuyen ngay ra tai vi u
2
(f
2
).
Tuy nhi en, ay l al oai bi en tan cocau truc s
ovan rat phc tap chsdung cho truyen ong i en
co cong suat l n, toc ol am vi ec thap. V vi ec thay
oi tan sof
2
khokhan vaphuthuoc vao f
1
.
2. Bi en tan gi an ti ep:
Bobi en tan nay con goi l abi en tan oc l ap
trong bi en tan nay au ti en i en ap c chnh l u
thanh dong mot chi eu, sau oqua bol oc roi trl ai
dong xoay chi eu vi tan sof
2
nhbonghch l u oc l ap (quatrnh thay oi f
2
khong phu
thuoc vao f
1
)
Vi ec bi en oi hai l an l am gi am hi eu suat bi en tan
Tuy nhi en vi ec ng dung hei eu khi en sonhkythuat vi xl ynen ta phat huy
toi a cac u iem cua bien tan l oai nay vathng sdung nohn.
Do tnh chat cua bol oc nen bi en tan gi an ti ep l ai c chi a l am hai l oai sdung
nghch l u ap vanghch l u dong.
2.a Bobi en tan gi an ti ep nguon dong:
T1
Z tai
T2
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Lal oai bi en tan manguon tao ra i en ap mot chi eu l anguon dong, dang cua ong
i en tren tai phuthuoc vao dang dong i en cua nguon, con dang ap tren tai phuthuoc l a
tuythuoc vao cac thong socua tai quy nh.
2.b Bobi en tan gi an ti ep nguon ap :
Lal oai bi en tan manguon tao ra i en ap mot chi eu l anguon ap ( ngha l ai en tr
nguon bang 0 ). Dang cua i en ap tren tai tuythuoc vao dang cua i en ap nguon, con
dang cua dong i en tren tai phuthuoc vao thong socua mach tai quy nh.
Bobi en tan nguon ap cou i em l atao ra dang dong i en vai en ap si n hn, dai
bi en thi en tan socao hn nen c sdung rong rai hn.
Bobi en tan nguon ap cohai bophan ri eng bi et, ol abophan ong l c vabo
phan i eu khi en,
+ Phan ong lc gom cocac phan sau :
- Bochnh l u : conhi em vubi en oi dong xoay chi eu cotan sof
1
thanh dong
mot chi eu.
- Bonghch l u : l aborat quan trong trong bobi en tan, nobi en oi dong i en
mot chi eu c cung cap tbochnh l u thanh dong i en xoay chieu cotan sof
2
.
- Bol oc : l abophan khong thethi eu c trong mach ong l c cho phep thanh
phan mot chi eu cua bochnh lu i qua vangan chan thanh phan xoay chi eu. No
cotac dung sang bang i en ap tai sau khi chnh l u.
+ Phan i eu khi en:
Labophan khong thethi eu c quyet nh s l am vi ec cua mach ong
l c, eam bao cac yeu cau tan so, i en ap ra cua bobi en tan eu do mach i eu
khi en quyet nh.
Boi eu khi en nghch l u gom 3 phan:
- Khau phat xung chuao : l akhau tdao ong tao ra xung i eu khi en a en
bophan phan phoi xung i eu khi en en tng tranzi to. Khau nay am nhan i eu
chnh xung mot cach dedang, ngoai ra nocon theam nhan l uon chc nang
khuech ai xung.
- Khau phan phoi xung :l am nhi em vuphan phoi cac xung i eu khi en vao khau
phat xung chuao.
- Khau khuech ai trung gi an: conhi em vu khuech ai xung nhan c tbo
phan phan phoi xung a en am bao kch thch mvan.
Bobi en oi
( mach ong l c )
i eu khi en
U
1
, f
1
U
2
, f
2
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
S ocua hethong i eu khi en nh sau:
Phat xung
chuao
Phan phoi
xung
Khuyech
ai xung
Van
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Chnh Lu Loc
Nghch
l u
Tai
CHNG I I I
MACH ONG LC
I . BONGHCH LU:
Cac van ban dan trong bonghch l u cothel athyri sto hoac tranzi to. Nhng phuhp
vau vi et hn ta dung tranzi to. u i em dethay l aboc chuyen mach cng, hn na
cac ton hao oi chi eu nhohn. Bonghch l u dung tranzi to cokch thc nhovanhehn
bonghch l u tng ng dung thyri sto. Khuyet i em cua nol aoi hoi tac ong l i en tuc
vao cc goc trong chu kydan cua tranzi to, mot khuyet i em na l ai en ap nh mc
thap hn cua thyri sto. Tuy nhi en dung tranzito cong suat mrong c pham vi vaphat
huy cac u i em hn thyri sto do cai thi en c ai l ng nh mc vagi athanh. V vay,
di ay chuyeu xem xet nghch l u i en ap s ocau dung van an toan.
I -1. S onguyen l yvaquatrnh chuyen mach:
Tu c
o
conhi em vu am bao i en ap nguon t b thay oi , mat khac notrao oi
nang l ng phan khang vi cuon cam.
Phng phap i eu khi en cac van tranzi to thong thng nhat l ai eu khi en cho goc
mcua van l a
o
180 = va
o
120 = . ay ta xet goc dan i tai au sao nh thi et ke
bang cach xac nh i en ap tren tai trong tng khoang thi gi an 60
o
(v c60
o
comot s
chuyen tang thai mach ) vi nguyen tac van nao dan coi l athong mach. Nhn chung s o
nay codang mot pha tai noi ti ep vi 2 pha au song song nha. Do vay i en ap tren tai se
T 4 D 4 T 6
Z a
U v
T 1
C o
D 1
T 3
D 6 T 2 D 2
Z b Z c
T 5 D 3 D 5
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
chcogi atrl au
z
/3 (khi mot pha au song song, vi 1 trong 2 pha con l ai ) hoac 3 / 2
z
U .
Vi gi athi et l atai oi xng.
Nguyen tac chuyen mach :
Cho goc mcua moi tranzi to l a180
o
vac60
o
ti ep theo ( ketkhi tranzi to trc
omth cho 1 tranzi to khac m). Nh vay trong cung 1 thi gi an co 3 tranzi to
m.
Bang trang thai quatrnh mcac tranzi to
T
0
o
60
o o
120 60
o o
180 120
o o
240 180
o o
300 240
o o
360 300
T
1
1 1 1 0 0 0
T
2
0 1 1 1 0 0
T
3
0 0 1 1 1 0
T
4
0 0 0 1 1 1
T
5
1 0 0 0 1 1
T
6
1 1 0 0 0 1
Xet quatrnh chuyen mach tt5 sang t2 tng ng khoang t(
o o
60 0 ) sang
(
o o
120 60 )
Trong khoang (
o o
60 0 ) th t1, t5, t6, dan. Chi eu dong i en tren tai c xac
nh theo chi eu mui ten, en thi i em 60
o
th ao trang thai tt5 sang t2. Do tren tai zc
mang tnh cam nen dong i en khong ao ngay l ap tc manang l ng tch l uytrong zc
duy tr theo chi eu cumot thi gi an, l uc obuoc dong di en duy tr phai thoat qua di od d
2
,
qua tai veam nguon en l ucs dong i en oi chi eu semang dong i en duy tr th d
2
khoa.
Quatrnh chuyen mach ket thuc.
Cung l yl uan tng tta c chuyen mach h.b en h e.
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
I -2.Dang song mach nghch l u:
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Ta tnh i en ap tren tng pha tai , trc ti en l apha a
Trong khoang 0
o
60
o
(h a)
Z A f
U U
3
1
=
Trong khoang 60
o
120
o
(h b)
Z A f
U U
3
2
=
Trong khoang 120
o
180
o
(h c)
Z A f
U U
3
1
=
Trong khoang 180
o
240
o
(h d)
Z A f
U U
3
1
=
Trong khoang 240
o
300
o
(h e)
Z A f
U U
3
2
=
Trong khoang 300
o
360
o
(h f )
Z A f
U U
3
1
=
Tng tta tnh c cac pha b, c.
Bang chuyen trang thai cua di od:
0
o
60
o
120
o
180
o
240
o
300
o
D1 1 0 0 0 0 0
D2 0 1 0 0 0 0
D3 0 0 1 0 0 0
D4 0 0 0 1 0 0
D5 0 0 0 0 1 0
D6 0 0 0 0 0 1
I -3. Tnh toan vachon cac phan ttrong mach nghch l u :
Theo echo :
ong c khong ong boroto l ong soc
Cong suat nh mc : p
dm
= 1kw,
Toc onh mc n = 1450 (v/p).
Hesocos = 0.95.
i en ap l i : 220/380 v.
Hi eu suat :
9 . 0 = q
Hesoquatai : 8 . 1 =
= = =
9 . 0
1000
1
q
dm
P
P
111.1 (w)
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
) ( 77 . 1
95 . 0 * 220 * 3
1 . 111
cos 3
cos 3
1
1
A
I U
P
I I U P
dm dm dm
dm dm dm dm
= =
= =

= = cos
1
fdm
f
f
I
U
R
9 . 117 95 . 0 *
77 . 1
220
=
a. Tnh chon tranzi to:
i en ap pha cc ai cua ong c :
=
max f
U ) ( 1 . 311 2 * 220 V =
i en ap au vao cua bonghch l u:
V =
max f
U
z
U
3
2
nen
7 . 466 1 . 311 *
2
3
2
3
max
= = =
f z
U U
Vay i en ap ngc at l en moi tranzi to :
z ng
U U =
max
= 466.7 (v). Chon heso
quaap cua tranzi to l aK
v
= 1.6, th can phai chon tranzi to chu c ap ngc l a
= =
z v ng
U K U 1.6* 466.7 =746.72 (v).
V tai au hnh sao nen dong qua moi tranzi to l uc cc ai bang dong chnh l u
= =
max Z T
I I ) ( 5 . 2 2 * 77 . 1 2 A I
dm
= =
Vi hesoquadong K
i
= 1.2 , do ota phai chon tranzi to chu c dong :
= = I K I
I T
1.2 * 2.5 = 3 (A).
Can cvao ket quatren, theo bang I .2 Tranzi to cong suat trang 18, Sach ien t
cong suat Nguyen Bnh
Tranzi to achon comahi eu BUX - 47 Cocac thong sosau :
-
CE
V =850 V :i en ap V
ce
cc ai khi cc bad bkhoabi i en ap
am.
-
0 CE
V =400V :i en ap V
ce
khi cc bad eh.
-
CEsat
V =1.5V : i en ap V
ce
khi tranzi to trang thai bao hoa.
-
C
I = 9A : Dong col ect matranzi to cothechu c.
-
B
I = 1.2 A : Dong bad matranzi to cothechu c.
-
f
T = 0.8 :Thi gi an can thi et e
CE
V ,
C
I t goatr
C
I gi am xuong 0.
-
s
T = s 3 : Thi gi an can thi et e
CE
V tgi atr
CEsat
V tang en i en
ap nguon.
-
m
P = 125(w) :Cong suat ti eu tan cc ai ben trong tranzi to.
b. Tnh chon di od:
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Dong i en pha tai coba oan khac nhau trong na chu ky:
-
o
60 0
(
(

+
+
=

Q N
A
e
a
a a
R
E
i
u
3
1
) 2 )( 1 (
1
3
(1)
-
o
120 60
(
(

+
+
=

Q N
A
e
a
a
R
E
i
u
3
2
1
) 1 (
2
3
(2)
-
o
180 120
(
(

+
+
+ =

Q N
A
e
a
a a
R
E
i
u
3
1
) 2 )( 1 (
1
3
(3)
vi 33 . 0 tan = = =
e
R
L
Q
36 . 0
3
1 33 . 0 * 3
1
= =

=

e
Q
e a
Tai
1
u u = , dong qua tai pha A bang 0: i
a
= 0.
T(1) ta co
(
(

+
+
=

Q N
A
e
a
a a
R
E
i
u
3
1
) 2 )( 1 (
1
3
= 0
) 2 )( 1 (
1
ln
) 2 )( 1 (
1
ln
3
1
3
1
a a
a
Q
a a
a
Q +
+
=
+
+
= u
u
25 . 0
) 36 . 0 2 )( 36 . 0 1 (
36 . 0 1
ln 33 . 0
3
1
=
+
+
= u
o
3 . 14
1
= u
Trang thai chuyen mach Di od, tai thi i em u = 0, Di od D
1
dan vadong qua Di od
cung l adong qua tai , l uc nay dong qua Di od cung l adong cc ai cua Di od:
(

+
+
= =
3
max 1
1
) 2 )( 1 (
1
3
) 0 (
a
a a
R
U
i I
d
A D
=
) ( 49 . 1
36 . 0 1
) 36 . 0 2 )( 36 . 0 1 (
1
9 . 117 * 3
7 . 466
3
A =
(

+
+

neu chon hesoquatai dong i en qua Di od l a1.2 th Di od chon phai chu dong l a:
) ( 8 . 1 49 . 1 * 2 . 1 A I
D
= =
i en ap at ngc at l en moi Di od l a:
) ( 2 . 311 7 . 466 *
3
2
3
2
3
2
V U U U
d z ng
= = = =
Chon hesoquaap l aK
v
= 1.6, th Di od chon phai chu c ien ap ngc l a
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
) ( 498 2 . 311 * 6 . 1 . V
ng
U
v
k
ng
U = = =
ta chon Di od l oai B10 cua Li en Xotheo bang I 1 trang 11 sach i en TCong Suat
cua Nguyen Bnh.
c. Tnh chon tuC
o
:
03 . 3
33 . 0
1 1
cot = = = =

tag
g
X
R
L
Trong nghch l u co3 pha khong tai l uc nao cung can tuC
o
khi nguon E
n
l amach
chnh l u.
Neu ta cotyso
L
X
R
> 0.66 th khong can en tuC
o
vadong do i en cam tai pha
nay sekhong travenguon machay qua pha khac (quan trong heba pha tai )
Trng hp tyso
L
X
R
< 0.66 ta can a tuC
o
vao vi hesol a:
) 1 2 ln 2 (
3
.
2
max

A
=
c
n
o
U R
L E
C
thng l ay
n c
E U 1 . 0 = A
F
E R
X E
n
L n
23 . 0 10 . 23 , 0
1 , 0 * 314 * 9 , 117 * 3
) 1 2 ln 2 ( * 33 , 0
) 1 2 ln 2 (
. 1 , 0 . 314 . 3
.
6
2
2
= =

=
=

tuC
o
phai chu i en ap U
c
= U
z
= 446,7 (V). neu chon hesoveap etuhoat ong
an toan l a1,3 th U
c
'
=446,7* 1,3 = 580,7
Vay phai dung l oai tucoi en dung 0.23uF vachu i en ap l a600 v.
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Do
Ud
i t i t
T
tai
i z
I I - BOI EU CHNH XUNG I EN AP :
Boi eu chnh xung i en ap mot chi eu c sdung khi cosan nguon mot chi eu
conh makhong can i eu chnh i en ap ra tai . Boi eu chnh nay hoat ong theo
nguyen tac ong, cat nguon tai mot cach chu kytheo mot sol uat khac nhau. Phan tthc
hi en nhi em vu ol acac van ban dan, do chung l am vi ec trong mach mot chi eu nen ch
dung thyri sto thong thng nokhong c khoal ai 1 cach t nhi en gi ai oan am cua
i en ap nguon nh khi l am vi ec vi dong xoay chi eu. Nen ay comach chuyen dung
ekhoathyri sto goi l a mach khoacng bc gay nhi eu khokhan trong thc te. V vay
hi en nay ngi ta cac van i eu khi en caong vangat nh tranzi to bi l ol ar.
I I -1. S onguyen l ycua phng phap i eu chnh ien ap :
S omach vadang song :
Trong khoang thi gi an
1
0 T ta cho van T mtoan boi en ap c a en tai ,
con trong khoang thi gi an, T T
1
ta cat nguon ra khoi tai , l uc nay gi atrtrung bnh cua
i en ap ra tai l a:
,
1
1
1
0
'
0
1
d z
d
T
d
d
T
z
ZU U
U
T
T
dt U
T
dt U
T
U
=
= =
=
}
}
vi Z =
T
1
Theo bi eu thc tren, suy ra 3 phng phap i eu chnh i en ap U
d
:
+ T = const , T
1
= var :Phng phap orong xung .
+ T = var, T
1
= const : Phng phap tan soxung .
+ T = var, T
1
= var : Phng phap xung thi gi an.
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Trong 3 phng phap tren th phng phap tan soxung vaphng phap xung thi
gi an conhi eu nhc i em. Tan sophai thay oi tren mot pham vi rong l n mi cothe
cung cap mot dai i en ap au ra. Vi ec thi et kebol oc vi tan sothay oi c gap nhi eu
khokhan. Tong trng hp mc i en ap ra thap neu ta i eu khi en theo phng phap nay
sel am thi gi an
off
T l n gay nen hi en tng gi an oan dong i en.
Vi ec sdung phng phap i eu khien orong xung tranh c phan nao nhc
i em tren nen nocotnh thch hp cao hn, do ota chon phng phap nay ei eu
khi en.
I I -2. Tnh chon Tranzi to T:
ay ta dung phng phap orong xung
Goi T
1
: thi gi an m.
T
2
: thi gi an khoacua Tranzi to.
U
d
: i en ap trc bobi en oi .
Ta coi en ap trung bnh sau bobi en oi l a:
d
T
d d z
U Z U
T
dt U
T
U
}
= = =
1
0
1 1
Chon tan sol am vi ec cua bobi en oi l af = 500Hz
s
f
T T T 002 . 0
1
2 1
= = + =
Pham vi i eu chnh i en ap cua ta l a:
=
min
Z 0.2 , =
max
Z 0.8 ,
Neu cho sut ap tren cuon day bol oc khong ang kedo ogi atri en ap pha sau bobi en
oi tai thi i em cc ai cua i en ap chnh l a:
) ( 4 . 583
8 . 0
7 . 466
max
max
V
U
U
z
= = =
o
Chon hesoquaap K
u
= 0.6
Vay phai chon Tranzi to chu i en ap l a:
) ( 5 . 933 4 . 583 * 6 . 1 . V U K U
d u Tdm
= = =
Mot cach tng oi ta xem hi eu suat cua bonghch l u l aq= 0,9. Theo nh l uat
bao toan nang l ng, ta co:
) ( 38 . 2
7 . 466 * 9 , 0
1000
A
U
P
I
P
I U
dm
dm
z
dm
z z
= = =
=
q
q
Vay chon dong i en cc ai qua Tranzi to l a =
max
I 2,49 (A). Chon hesod tr
dong =
I
K 1,2. Vay phai chon Tranzi to sao cho thoaman dong qua ol a:
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
) ( 868 . 2 38 . 2 * 2 . 1 * 2 , 1 *
max max
A I I K I
I T
= = = =
Khi sut ap tren bol oc cuon day phai trc nghch l u l akhong ang ke, do ogi a
tri i en ap pha sau bobi en oi tai thi iem cc ai cua dai i eu chnh Z l a:
) ( 7 . 466
max
V U
z
=
i en ap au vao cua bobi en oi l a:
) ( 4 , 558
8 . 0
7 . 446
max
max
V
Z
U
U
z
d
= = =
Chon hesoquaap l a =
V
K , Ta phai chon Tranzi to chu c i en ap l a:
3 , 893 4 , 558 . 6 , 1 * = = =
d V T
U K U (V)
Tota chon c Tranzi to l oai BUX 47A,
Vi ) ( 1000 V U
CE
=
) ( 9 A I
C
=
s t
on
1 =
) ( 125 w p
m
=
I I -3. Tnh chon Di od D
o
:
Di od D
o
dung engan chan i en ap t cam tcuon khang qual n khi chuyen
mach Tranzi to tmsang khoavado o bao veTranzi to khoi quaap anh thung
max CEng
U .
othbi eu di en quatrnh dong i en vai en ap sau bochnh l u:
Gi atrtrung bnh dong i en chay qua Di od D
o
l a:
}
=

= =
T
T
d d
o
D
I
T
I
T
T T
idt
T
I
1
1
)
1
1 (
1
etm
max Do
I ta ao ham
o
D
I theo z
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
2
1
0 ) 2 1 (
'
=
= =
Z
I z I
z
Do
) ( 595 . 0 38 . 2 *
4
1
4
1
)
2
1
(
max
A I Z I I
z
o
D
o
D
= = = = = =
Ta can chon Di od chu dong cc ai l a:
) ( 714 . 0 595 . 0 * 2 . 1 2 . 1
max
'
max
0
A I I
Do D
= = =
Vai en ap ngc cc ai :
) ( 72 . 746 7 . 466 * 6 . 1 .
max
V U K U
z v ng
= = =
Tra theo bang Di od ta chon c l oai B10 cua l i en Xovi cac thong so
A I
tb
10 = : Dong trung bnh
) ( 1000 100
max
V U
ng
= : i en ap ngc
) ( 7 . 0 V U = A : Sut ap tren Di od .
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
I I I - BOLOC SAU I EU CHNH I EN AP :
S omach l oc :
I I I -1. Chon i en cam L:
Gi asrang quatrnh chuyen mach i enap U
c
l akhong oi (quatrnh quaoi en
ap tren tukhong ot bi en )
Khi Tranzi to T m:
) 1 (
c d
U
dt
di
L U + =
Khi Tranzi to T khoa, ta co:
c d
U U
dt
di
L = ) 1 (
vi
}
= = =
1
0
1
1 T
d d d c
ZU U
T
T
dt U
T
U
Vay
d
U Z
dt
di
L ) 1 ( =
Hay
z d d
I t U
L
Z
i dt U
L
Z
di + =

= .
. 1
.
) 1 (
Khi t = T
1
= Z.T, ta co: i = I
1
1 1
.
) 1 (
T T U
L
Z Z
I
d
+

=
ta co:
dt
L
U Z
dt
L
U
di
dt
di
L U
d c
c
.
= = =
L
T
D
o
C
Ngh ch
l u vatai
Ud
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
1 1
1
) ( ) (
.
I Zt t
L
ZU
T t
L
ZU
L
U Z
i
d d t
T
d
+ + = = =
khi t = T
1
, ta co:
2
I i =
1 2
) 1 ( T T Z
L
ZU
I
d
+ =
Vay
L
T U Z Z I I
I
d
2
. . ). 1 (
2
2 1

=

= A
etm
max
I A , ta thc hien nh sau:
2
1
0 . .
2
2 1
=
=

=
A
Z
T U
L
Z
dZ
I d
d
Vay
L
T U
Z I I
d
8
)
2
1
(
max
= = A = A
Suy ra :
d
d
LI
T U
I
8
%
max
= A
Can chon L sao cho % 15 %
max
= A s A
cp
I I
52
50
1
.
15 . 0 . 177 , 0 . 8
4 , 558
15 , 0 . 8
.
15 , 0
. 8
.
= = > s
d
d
d
d
I
T U
L
I L
T U
Vay L = 52 H.
I I I -2. Chon tui en C:
Dong i en qua mach chcothanh phan xoay chi eu, vay onhap nhocua dong
i en tai bang dong i en chay qua tuC .
Ta co:
dt i
C
du
dt
du
C i
c c
c
c
1
= =
) ( ) (
1 1
1
1
z
z
d
T
T
c c
T T
C
I
Z T T I
C
dt i
C
U = = = A
}
) 1 .( . . Z Z T I C
z
= A
e tnh
max c
U A , ta thc hien nh sau:
2
1
0 ) 2 1 (
.
= = = Z Z
C
T I
dz
du
z c
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
z
z
c c c
U C
I T
U
C
T T
Z U U
. 4
.
%
4
.
)
2
1
(
max
1
max
= A = = A = A
Chon tuC sao cho % 15 %
max
= A s A
cp c c
U U
6
max
10 . 5 , 16
8 , 0 . 15 , 0 . 7 , 446 . 4
177 , 0
.
50
1
. 15 , 0 . 4
.
15 , 0 . 4
.
15 , 0
. 4
.

= =
= > s
Z U
I T
U
I T
C
U C
I T
z
d
z
z
z
z
Vay F 17 chu ap tren 300 V.
Tren thc tenhasan xuat chsan xuat theo cac i en dung ti eu chuan
Vay ta chon tu F 5 , 16 chu i en ap (?) vatuhoaphan cc.
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
I V- BOLOC SAU CHNH LU:
Mot cach tng oi ta xem nang l ng ti eu tan tren boi eu chnh i en ap vabol oc
l akhong ang keth ta co:
z z d d
I U I U . . =
Hay
z z d d
I U I U . . =
z d
I Z I . =
i en ap
c
U A cothe tnh nh sau:
) 1 ( . .
1
) (
1
1
1
1
Z T I Z
C
T T I
C
dt i U
d d
T
T
c
C
c
= = = A
}
Tm trsocc ai cua
c
U A :
2
1
0 ) 1 (
.
.
= = =
A
Z Z
f C
T I
dz
U d
z c
d
z
c
z
c c
U f C
T I
U
f C
T I
Z U U
. . 4
.
%
. 4
.
)
2
1
(
max max
= A = = A = A
Chon tr
f
C sao cho % 15 %
max
= A s A
cp c c
U U
max
Z
I
C
d
f
=
Ta cotan sodao ong cua mach l oc
f f
L C , l a:
f f
L
C L
f
. 2
1
t
=
etranh hi en tng cong hng xay ra trong mach ta can chon
L
f f ) 3 2 ( > vi f l atan sol am vi ec cua Tranzi to T.
Ta chon
5 , 2
5 , 2
L
L L
f
f f f = =
Suy ra :
5 , 2
1
. 2
1
=
f f
C L t
2
2
5 , 2
.
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
f
C L
f f
t
Chnh
l u
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
147
10 * 17
1
.
50
5 , 2 1
.
50
5 , 2 1
2
5 , 2
6
2 2
2
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

f f
f
C C f
L
t
Nh vay ta chon trsoi en cam vai en dung l a:
V- BOCHNH LU:
Bochnh l u cochc nang bi en nguon xoay chi eu thanh nguon mot chi eu, ay ta
dung mach chnh l u hnh cau khong i eu khi en, bochnh l u bao gom cac nhom
van i eu chnh l u bamay bi en ap.
+ Van cotac dung ong mtao thanh dong mot chi eu.
+ May bi en ap cotac dung bi en oi i en ap nguon phuhp vi yeu cau can thi et
cua phutai , cach l y phutai l i i en evan hanh an toan, cai thi en c dang song
nguon i en l i . Ngoai ra con cotac dung han chetoc otang cua dong anod. So
vi chnh l u khong i eu chnh hnh ti a th chnh l u hnh cau coac i em sau:
+ Coi en ap at l en van nhohn 2 l an so vi hnh ti a.
+ i en ap au ra pha chnh l u coonhap nhothap, chat l ng i eu chnh tot hn.
+ Coi en ap nguon nhohn so vi hnh ti a, may bi en ap tan dung tri et ehn,l oi
thep khong bthoa.
Nhng s ohnh cau coDi od nhi eu hn 3 van nen gi athanh at hn .
V-1. S ochnh l u vanguyen l ydang song:
S ochnh l u hnh cau S ochnh l u hnh ti a
Tai
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
i en ap chnh l u
U U U
d do
A + =
) ( 617 2 %) 4 % 15 ( 5834 4 . 383 V = + + + =
Gi atrhi eu dung i en ap pha thcap may bi en ap
) ( 261 617 .
6 3
14 . 3
6 3
2
V U U
do f
= = =
t
Tsomay bi en ap
69 . 0
380
261
2
1
= = =
U
U
m
f
i en ap l n nhat moi Di od phai chu l a:
) ( 3 . 639 261 * 6 * 6
2
V U U
f im
= = =
U
Ud
i a
i b
t
t
t
t
t
i c
U2b U2a U2c
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Gi atrtrung bnh cua moi dong qua Di od l a:
) ( 79 . 0
3
38 . 2
3
A
I
I
d
D
= = =
Gi atrdong i en chay qua moi pha thcap may bi en ap :
) ( 94 . 1 38 . 2
3
2
3
2
2
A I I
d
= = =
Trhi eu dung dong chay qua trong moi pha s cap may bi en ap
) ( 34 . 1 94 . 1 * 69 . 0 .
2 1
A I m I = = =
Chon Di od cohesodtr ap l a: 6 . 1 =
v
K
Chon Di od cohesodtrdong l a: 2 . 1 =
i
K
Vay Di od chu c :
) ( 95 . 0 79 . 0 * 2 . 1
) ( 1023 3 . 693 * 6 . 1
A I
V U
D
im
= =
= =
Luc mmay dong tang l en bon l an :
Chon Di od : 10 BJI
Co
) ( 1500 300
) ( 10
V U
A I
im
tb
=
=
Cac van chnh l u 3 pha can chi a l am 2 nhom :
- Nhom catod chung gom 3 van D
1,
D
3
, D
5
.
- Nhom atod chung gom 3 van D
4,
D
6
, D
2
.
Trong nhom Anod van nao cotheam hn th dan, con trong nhom Catod van nao co
thedng hn th dan.
Vay tai mot tai i em bat kybao gi cung cohai van dan cho dong chay qua, 1 van
nhom Atod vavan con l ai l anhom Catod, moi van dan trong khoang dan
3
2t
=
Ta xet trong khoang
1
0 u , van D
1
, D
6
dan. Khi o, i en ap U
a
at vao au cua tai
con i en ap U
b
i qua van D
6
vaat vao au con l ai cua tai ,
do o:
ab b a d
U U U U = =
Tai thi i em
1
u l uc oU
b
= D
c
nen van D
2
mvasau oV
c
am hn V
b
nen D
2
va
D
6
bkhoal ai :
Tng t, trong khoang
2 1
u u th D
1
vaD
2
mnen:
ac c a d
U U U U = =
Gi atrtrung bnh cua i en ap chnh l u :
f f f d
U U d U U
2
6
6
2 2
34 . 2
6 3
cos
2
6
}

= = =
t
t
t
u u
t
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
i en ap ngc l n nhat dat l en moi Di od l a:
f
o
f ng
U U U
2 2 max
45 . 2 30 cos 2 2 = =
Dong chay trong Di od bang dong chnh lu :
d D
I I =
Gi atrtrung bnh cua dong tai :
R
E U
d
R
E U
I
d
f
d

=
}

6
6
2
cos . 6
2
6
t
t
u
u
t
Gi atrtrung bnh cua dong chay trong moi Di od :
R
I
d
R
U
I
d
f
D
}

= = 6
6
2
cos . 6
2
2
t
t
u
u
t
CHNG I V
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
MACH I U KHI N
S khi cua hthng i u khi n:
I - PHAT XUNG CHUAO :
Khu phat xung chuao dung I C555 l am vi c chphi n cotac dung tao ra day
xung cotn smong mun
I -1. Gi i thi u I C555:
Vi mach I C555 do hang Si gneti cs chtao gm 2 khuych ai thut toan OA1, OA2
thc hi n chc nng so sanh mt Tri g, mt Transi tor va3 i n trmi cai 5k
Vi mach co8 chn nhhnh ve
1. Ni vi cc m cua ngun nui
2. Kch l t khi V
2
=2E /3 th V
3
= 0
3. Cng ra V(3)
mi n
= 0,1v , V(3)
ma
= 0.5v, I
3max
=0.2A
4. Chn 4 khoakhi V(4) = 0 th V(3) = 0, nu khng cn khoath ni 4 vao 8
5. Loc nhi u, thng th gn tui n 0,01. th chn 5 xung mass
6. Ngun l t V
6
= 2E/3 th V
3
= 0
7. Chn phong i n thng c u vi tuC cua mach ngoai
8. Ni vi cc dng cua ngun nui E =5-18
v
ti u thudong i n 0,7 mA/1V ngun nui
I -2. S mach phat xung chuao :
I -2.a S mach :
Pha t xung
iu khin
Phn phi
xung
Khuy ch
ai xung
3
4 8
OA2
OA1
1
7
6
5
2
5k
5k
5k
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
I -2.b Nguyn l l am vi c :
trang thai ban u mi cp i n, i n ap trn tuU
c
= 0. Do vy i n ap tai chn 2 va
6 cung bng 0 nn u ra chn 3 i n ap mc cao (~U
c
= 17v ) vau chn 7 mc thp
( = 0 ). TuC bt u nap i n t +V
cc
qua R
a
, R
b
i n ap trn tucang tng.
Khi i n ap trn tuC > 2U
cc
/3 th bt u 3 sechuyn trang thai vmc thp con chn
7 semc cao, l uc nay tuC sephong i n, i n ap trn tucang gi am. Khi i n ap trn tu
gi am n gi atrU
c
U
cc
/3 th u i mc trang thai chuyn l n mc cao con chn 7 chuyn
vmc thp, tui n C l ai nap i n trl ai , quatrnh dao ng cti p di n, u ra chn 3 se
c day xung i u khi n vasau oa n khu phn phi xung.
* Dang xung ra nhsau :
I I - KHU PHN PHI XUNG :
7
6
2 1
5
3
8
Vcc (5-15v)
Vc
Rb
Ra
C 0.01uF
LM
555
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Yu cu phn phi xung l atao ra cac xung i u khi n mTransi tor theo quy l ut
ong mng c, tbang tun tdn i n cua cac van Transi tor ta conhn xet sau:
+ Khi T1 dn th T4 khoa, tc l aT1 coxung i u khi n th T4 hoan toan khng co
xung i u khi n
+ Khi T3 coxung th T6 hoan toan khng coxung i u khi n
+ Khi van T5 coxung i u khi n th T2 hoan toan khng coxung i u khi n
tao c sphn phi xung nhvy cn sdung cac Tri g vi cac u ra ao va
khng ao. Theo nhphn tch trn th co3 Tri g ( 3 Tri g m ti a c 8 trang thai tc
l aco8 xung u vao th u ra nhn c 1 xung ra, nhng trong 1 chu k i n ap chco6
xung ( mi xung cach nhau 60
0
) nn chc xy dng bm Modul 6 mathi tc l a
u vao co6 xung th u ra co1 xung, xung c cung cp tu ra cua khu phat xung
chuao I C555
Bm c xy dng trn c scua Tri g D ( Fl i p Fl op D )
Bang chc nng cua Fl i p Fl op D
Q
n
D Q
n+1
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 1 1
Vi Q
n+1
= D
Tbang trn ta cobang u vao kch cua Fl i p Fl op D
Q
n
Q
n+1
D
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 1 1
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Tai moi thi i m trong bnghch l u l un co3 Transi tor ( trong 6 Transi tor ) mnn cn
phai phn phi xung n cac Transi tor phuhp vi yu cu m trang thai cn cocua cac
Fl i p Fl op D nhsau
Ck
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q1
Q2
Q3
Tota thanh l p bang trang thai cua cac Fl i p Fl op D
M xung Trang thai hi n tai Trang thai kti p u vao Fl i p Fl op D
Q
n
1
Q
n
2
Q
n
3
Q
n+1
3
Q
n+1
2
Q
n+1
1
D
3
D
2
D
1
M1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
M2 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
M3 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
M4 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
M5 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M6 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Da vao bang trang thai cho cac Fl i p Fl op D ta tm c sl i n hgi a cac ai l ng
u vao vara cn ti gi an theo phng phap Karnaugh
00 01 11 10
0 0 0 1 x
1 0 x 1 1
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
00 01 11 10
0 1 1 1 x
1 0 0 0 0
00 01 11 10
0 0 1 1 x
1 0 x 1 0
T2 T3
T6 T5 T4
T1
CLOCK
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
I I I - KHU KHUYCH AI XUNG:
Khu khuych ai dung l i nh ki n ban dn, trong osdung cac phn tghep quang
(Optocoptcur ) nhm cach l y gi a mach ng l c vamach i u khi n
S khuych ai xung cho mt tng cng sut thuc nhom chn
S khuych ai xung cho mt tng cng sut thuc nhom l e
Ngun tao xung +5v Ngun phu-U
b
12v
Dng ngun nghch l u
Transi tor cng
su t nghch l u
nhom l e
i n ng c vaTransi tor
nhom l ei k
T
ca c
Fl i p
Fl op
ti
4
3 2
1
TPL-
521
+E
Q1 Q2
T
R5
R4
R6
Q1 Q2
T
R5
R4
R6
Ngun phu+U
a
12v
i n ng c va
Transi tor cng su t
nhom l ei k
T
ca c
Fl i p
Fl op
ti
Transi tor
cng su t
nghch l u
nhomchn
m ngun nghch l u
Ngun tao xung + 5v
-E
4
3 2
1
TPL-521
Q1 Q2
T
R5
R4
R6
Q1 Q2
T
R5
R4
R6
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Nguyn l l am vi c:
Khi tn hi u a vao chn B cua Transi tor Q1 tcac Tri g mc l ogi c th Q1
ngng dn , u vao vau ra cua Optocoptaur khng codong, do oQ2 ngng dn va
Transi tor T khng c kch thch cc B. khi tn hi u u vao cua chn B cua Q1 tcac
Tri g mc l ogi c th Q1 dn dong , l am cho Q2 dn vakch Transi tor cng sut dn.
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
I V - TNH TOAN MACH I U KHI N:
I V-1. Xac nh tn sxung ra cua I C555 vacac Tri g:
Vi mach I C555 l am vi c chtdao ng, tn sdao ng phuthuc vao s
phong nap cua tuC.
Khi tuC nap qua 2 i n trR1 vaR2: ts mach i n ta cophng trnh cn bng
i n ap cua mach i n: i R +U
c
= V
cc
i : dong i n nap cho tu, i = C.
dt
du
c
Phng trnh m taquatrnh nap cho tu
dt
du
C
c
r
+
c
u =
cc
V Vi t hphng trnh nay di dang toan tLapl ace
L
)
`

dt
du
T
c
n
+ L { ;
c
u = L
cc
V vi T
n
= C.R
Hay T
n
[ PU
c
(p) - U
c
(0) ] + U
c
(p) =
p
V
cc
U
c
(p)(T
n
p +1) =
p
V
cc
+ T
n
U
c
(0)
Tai thi i m ban u cua quatrnh nap i n th U
c
(0) = V
cc
/3
Vy phng trnh vi t l ai : U
c
(p) [ T
n
p + 1] =
p
V
cc
+T
n
V
cc
/3
U
c
(p) =
) 1 ( + P T P
V
n
cc
+
3
1
1 + P T
T V
n
n cc
=
)
1
(
n
n
cc
T
P pT
V
+
+
)
1
( 3
n
n
n cc
T
P T
T V
+
U
c
(p) = )
)
1
( 3
1
(
n
cc
n
n n
n
cc
T
P
V
T
P
T
p
T
T
V
+
+
+
= V
cc
[
)
1
( 3
2 1
n
T
P
P
+
]
Tanh ta tm c gc cua toan tLapl ace :
U
c
(t) = V
cc
(1 -
n
T
t
e

3
2
) (1)
Khi kt thuc quatrnh nap th U
c
(T
1
) = 2V
cc
/3 , thay vao (1) ta co
)
3
2
1 (
3
2
1
n
T
T
cc
cc
e V
V

= (2)
tphng trnh (2) gi ai ra ta c T
1
= 0,7.C.(R
A
+R
B
)
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Tng tphng trnh phong i n cua tu
U
c
(p) (T
n
P + 1 ) = ) 0 (
c n
cc
U T
P
V
+ (* )
Tai cac thi i m ban u, cho quatrnh tuphong l a: U
c
(0)=2V
cc
/3,thay vao (* ) ta
c U
c
(p) (T
n
P +1 ) =
cc n
cc
V T
P
v
3
2
+
U
c
(p) = ]
1
3
2
)
1
[ (
1
3
2
)
1
(
n
cc
n
n n
n
cc
n
cc
n
n
cc
T
P
V
T
P
T
P
T
T
V
T
P
V
T
P P T
V
+
+
+
=
+
+
+
U
c
(p) = V
cc ]
)
1
( 3
1 1
[
n
T
P
P
+
+
T anh ta tm c gc U
c
(t) = V
cc
(1 -
n
T
t
e

3
1
) (3)
Kt thuc quatrnh phong i n th : U
c
(T
1
) = V
cc
/3, thay vao (3) ta c
)
3
1
1 (
3
2
n
T
T
cc
cc
e V
V

=
T
2
= 0,7T
n
= 0,7CR
v quatrnh phong i n chphong qua R
B
do vy chu k xung ra l a:
T = T
1
+ T
2
= 0,7C(R
1
+2R
2
)
Tn sxung ra cua vi mach I C555 :
f
555
=
T
1
=
) 2 ( 7 , 0
1
2 1
R R C +
V co6 xung u vao (xung CLOCK ) l y tI C555 th u ra cua Tri g co1
xung, nhvy tn sxung ra cua cac Tri g xung chnh l atn scua i n ap xoay chi u trn
tai f =
6
555
f
=
) 2 ( 7 , 0 . 6
1
2 1
R R C +
=
) 2 ( 2 , 4
1
2 1
R R C +
Mun thay i tn sngun th ta phai thay i tn smach phat xung chuao I C555
tc l ai u chnh gi atrC,R
1
,R
2
. n gi an ta chon trc gi atrtuC vai u chnh bng
cach thay i gi atrcua cac i n trR
1
, R
2
. Vi tai l ang c khng ng brto l ng soc,
yu cu i u chnh tn sngun cung cp cho tai t15-50hz. Ta chon gi ai trtuC l a0,1f
Gi atri n trR
1
setng ng vi tn s50hz vaR
2
= 0 l a
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
50 =
1
6
10 . 1 , 0 . 2 , 4
1
R

R
1
= 47600 O l y R
1
= 47kO
Gi atri n trR
2
setng ng vi tn s15hz vaR
1
= 47kO
15 =
3
2
6
10 ). 2 47 ( 10 . 1 , 0 . 2 , 4
1
R +

R
2
= 55,8kO l y R
2
= 50kO
Bphn phi xung dung 2 vi mach 4013 cha 2 Tri g D l oai CMOS coi n ap ra
mc l ogi c l a4,9v vadong khoang 500A
I V-2. Tnh chon cac phn tmach khuych ai xung:
Theo tnh toan trc, Transi tor cng sut T cua phn nghch l u chon l oai BUX-48 co
cac thng s =8, I
C max
=15A vi dong l am vi c I
Cl v
=6,73A th dong cua Baz T l a
I
B
=
8
73 , 6
= 0,84A
I V-2.a Tnh chon cac phn tcua mach khuych ai xung
* Chon Transi tor Q1: chon theo i u ki n I
c
= I
op
= 5mA, V
CE
>V
CC
l oai NPN
Vy ta chon l oai 2SC828
Thng s P (mw) F
T
(MHz) t
0
C U
CB max
U
CE max
U
BE max
I
c max
| Type
C828 250 200 125 30 30 5 50 220 SN
i n trR
5
chon theo i u ki n
R
5
=
op
Q CE LEP CC
I
V V V
) (
1

=
5
5 , 0 2 5
= 500 (O)
Cho n R
5
= 470O
V Q
1
cha bao hoann hskhuych ai dong l n, vdu | = 200 vy dong
I
B
=
|
c
I
=
200
10 . 5
3
= 25A
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
n n t cng sut GVHD: Tr an nh Khoi Quoc
SVTH: u c Quyen 08D4. Trang: 3
Dong nay nhohn dong cung cp cua mach CMOS 4013 nn ta cho thm i n trhan
dong
R
4
= O =

=

136000
10 . 5 , 2
7 , 0 7 , 0 2 , 0 5
5
) ( ) (
1 1
B
Q BE D Q CEsat cc
I
V V V V
=136KO
Trn thc tnn dung trsnhohn, vdu68KO am bao LED optocopteur c
cung cp udong. Chon R
4
= 68KO
* Chon Transi tor Q
2
: theo i u ki n I
C
(Q
2
) > I
BT
= 0,84A
U
CE
(Q
2
) > U
CE
= 30v l oai NPN
Vy chon Q
2
l al oai C2275 cocac thng ssau
Thng s P(w) f
T
(MHz) t
0
C U
CE max
(v ) I
C max
| Type
C2275 25 200 150 150 1,5 A 40 SN
* OPTOCOPTEUR: chon l oai TLP-521 do Nht Ban chtao cocac thng ssau:
i n trcach l y: R
CL
=10
11
O
i n ap cach l y: 2500v dong i n XXXXXXXX phat quang 5mA
Tstruyn dong 50-100 l n l y tstruyn dong 50 ta co
I
OP
= 5.50 = 250 mA = I
B
(Q
2
)
I
C
(Q
2
) = |I
B
(Q
2
) = 40.0,25 = 10A, dong i n nay qual n so vi dong i n cn
l a A
I
I
CQ
BQ
021 , 0
40
84 , 0
2
2
= = =
|
nn ta gn thm R
6
han chdong i n
Cho n R
6
= O =

=

690
021 , 0
5 , 1 7 , 0 15
2
2
) ( ) (
BQ
T BE Q BE CC
I
V V V
chon R
6
=560O 1/8W, y
i n ap nui mach kn l a15v
I V-3. Chon mach i u khi n bi u chnh xung i n ap:
Nhta atnh toan trn, Transi tor trong bi u chnh xung l am vi c tn s500hz
v vy ta phai chon bi u khi n Transi tor sao cho tn sxung i u khi n phai bng 500hz.
y ta chon vi mach tao xung I C555 vi tn sxung ra f
555
= 500hz nhatnh toan trn
ta cotn sxung ra cua I C555 l a:
f
555
=
) 2 ( 7 , 0
1 1
2 1
R R C T +
=
Ta chon tu C= 0,047F, ta co
f
555
= 500
) 2 ( 10 . 047 , 0 . 7 , 0
1
2 1
6
=
+

R R
R
1
+2R
2
=60790 O
Cho n R
1
= 18KO
R
2
= 47KO 1/8W
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m
C
lic
k
t
o
b
u
y
N
O
W
!
P
D
F-XChan
g
e
w
w
w
.d
o
cu-trac
k
.c
o
m