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B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGH TP.

HCM

N C S NGNH MNG MY TNH GIAO THC SIP TRONG VOIP ( SESSION INITIATION PROTOCOL : GIAO THC BO HIU IU KHIN)

Gio vin hng dn : Ths.Nguyn c Quang Ngi thc hin : L V Hng Thanh MSSV : 1081020097

TP. H Ch Minh, 2011

MC LC Li M u
I . Tng quan v giao thc SIP
1. Tng quan v RFC

2. Tng quan v giao thc SIP

3. Ngun gc s pht trin ca SIP

II. Cc thnh phn bn trong mng SIP


1. SIP User Agent 2. SIP Server 3. Mi lin h gia cc thnh phn trong mng SIP 4. Bn tin SIP 4.1 SIP Response 4.2 SIP Request 4.3 Cc trng Header 4.4 Message Body 4.5 Cu trc bn tin SIP 5. Chc nng ca SIP 5.1 Thit lp,sa i v kt thc phin 5.2 Tnh di ng ca ngi s dng 6. Thit lp v hy cuc gi SIP

III. Cc giao thc h tr trong SIP


1. RSVP ( Reource Revervation Protocol ) : Giao thc chim trc ti nguyn

mng. 2. RTP ( Real Time Tranpsport Protocol ) : Giao thc vn chuyn thi gian thc 3. RTCP (Real-Time Transport Control Protocol)odd port-port l

4. RTSP ( Real Time Streaming Protocol ) : Giao thc to lung thi gian thc . 5. SDP ( Session Description Protocol ) : Giao thc m t phin kt ni a phng tin 6. MIME ( Multipurpose Internet mail Extension M rng th tn Internet a mc ch 7. HTTP ( Hypertext Transfer protocol ) : Giao thc truyn siu vn bn

IV. Kt lun V . Demo


1. Mc tiu v m hnh

2. Cng c Demo 3. Cc bc 4. Kt qu

LI CM N
Trc ht em xin gi ti thy gio Ths. Nguyn c Quang , li cm n chn thnh v su sc trc tip hng dn , ch bo tn tnh trong sut qu trnh em lm n ny.

LI M U
Trc y khi cp n VoIP, tiu chun quc t thng cp n l H.323. Giao thc H.323 l chun do ITU-T pht trin cho php truyn thng a phng tin qua cc h thng da trn mng chuyn mch gi, tp giao thc H.323 bao gm rt nhiu giao thc con bn trong n nh H.245, H225, Q.931 hot ng da trn H.323 l rt cht ch v phc tp. Nhng nm tr li y th giao thc SIP li chim u th v dn dn thay th H.323.

I. TNG QUAN V GIAO THC SIP :


1. Tng quan v RFC :

Trong k thut mng my tnh, cc ti liu RFC (Request For Comments - RFC) l 1 lot cc bn ghi nh cha nhng nghin cu mi, nhng phng php lun ng dng cho cng ngh internet. Thng qua Hi ng Internet (Internet Society) cc k s v cc nh khoa hc my tnh c th cng b lun vn di hnh thc l mt bn ghi nh RFC cho nhng ng nghip khc ph bnh hoc ch n thun l thng bo nhng tin tc hoc quan im mi v mt k thut. T chc chuyn trch k thut lin mng (IETF Internet Engineering Task Force) chp nhn nhng l thuyt c cng b trong cc RFC v c ng dng thc t nh l nhng tiu chun cho Internet. Mi mt bn RFC ch c duy nht mt s ng k,mt khi s ng k c cng b th n s khng bao gi c sa cha hay b hy b. Nu cn c chnh sa th tc gi ca n s cng b cc bn chnh sa v vy cc bn RFC b li thi bi nhng bn mi

hn ca chnh n. Hng lot cc RFC ng k hnh thnh nn lch s tin trin ca tiu chun Internet . Tin trnh kin to RFC khng ging vi nhng tin trnh tiu chun ha do nhng t chc chnh quy v tiu chun nh ANSI thng lm. Nhng chuyng gia v k thut mng v truyn thng c th t bt mt bn d tho Internet (Internet Draft) m khng cn s h tr t nhng c quan bn ngoi. Nhng bn RFC c cng nhn thng c cng b vi s ph chun ca IETF v a s l do nhng chuyn gia tham d trong cc nhm iu hnh ca IETF thi hnh. Khi mi bt u chng ch l nhng bn d tho Internet, cch xp xp ny cho php nhng bn d tho ny c thng qua nhng vng thm d kin ban u t nhng ng nghip trc khi ti liu c hon thnh v thanh lc tr thnh nhng bn RFC. Truyn thng ca RFC l da vo tnh thc dng, kinh nghjm tng tri, quyn tiu chun ha nhng bn tho thng qua thc t t c bi cc c nhn hoc mt nhm cng tc nh. iu ny c u im l hn rt nhiu so vi quy trnh chnh quy do hi ng iu khin m chng ta thng thy ANSI hoc ISO. Cc bn RFC tng ni ting v cht lng ca chng. Trong cc bn RFC chng ta va khng gp nhng s nhp nhng,kh hiu l mt vn ph bin trong cc bn thit k d tho, va khng c nhng chc nng ngoi d kin do sai lm ca hi ng gy ra l nhng iu m nh i vi cc tiu chun chnh quy. V chng ang m ng cho mt mng li ang pht trin ti tm c ton cu. Hnh thc RFC c khi u vo nm 1969, khi n l mt phn trong hi tho ca d n ARPANET. Hin nay, n l knh cng b chnh thc ca IETF, ca y Ban Kin Trc Mng ( Internet Architecture Board IAB) v mc no l ca cng ng nhng k s nghin cu v mng li truyn thng my tnh ton cu. Nhng bn RFC u tin c tc gi ca chng nh bng my nh ch v truyn tay cc bn in gia nhm nhng k s nghin cu ti ARPA. Thng 12 nm 1969, cc k s nghin cu phn pht cc bn RFC mi thng qua mng li truyn thng ARPANET. Bn RFC u tin vi ti Phn Mm Dnh Cho My Ch (Host Software), c Steve

Crocker, mt sinh vin ca trng i hc California, Los Angeles ( UCLA) vit v c cng b vo ngy 07 thng 04 nm 1969. Trong phin bn RFC s 3, Steve Crocker t cc bn RFC di quyn ca Nhm iu Hnh Mng Network Working Group, nhm ny cha bao gi tn ti chnh thc m ch c nh ngha l nhm ngi ny nhng s y quyn ca h vn tn ti trong cc RFC cho n nay. Trng i hc UCLA tip tc cho ra i nhiu bn RFC trong nhng nm 1970 khng nhng v cht lng ca chng cao m cn v UCLA l mt trong nhng im kt ni mng u tin ca ARPANET. T nm 1969 n 1998, ng Jon Postel lm ch bin tp RFC. Sau khi ht hn hp ng ti tr ca chnh ph M, hi ng Internet (thay mt cho IETF) k hp ng vi chi nhnh iu hnh mng (Networking Division) ca trng i hc Nam California (USC) ng ra lm quyn bin tp v chu trch nhim v vic xut bn. Mi ngi u c th tip cn bt k mt bn RFC no ti website chnh thc ca ch bin RFC : http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc.html . Hu ht cc bn RFC u hin hin hu dng ASCII, ng thi cng c mt s nh dng khc. T nm 2006 tr i bt k mt c t tiu chun internet no cng u di dng ASCII. Khng phi bt k bn RFC no cng l tiu chun, ch c nhm IETF i din cho nhm ch o k thut kt ni mng ( Internet Engineering Stearing Group IESG) l c quyn chun y cc bn RFC c th tr thnh tiu chun. Cp bc ca cc RFC bao gm : ngh (Proposed PS), d tho (Draft DS), bng y (Full) Tiu chun Internet (Internet Standart STD). Mi mt bin tp ph, thuc mt tiu chun STD no u c mt m s ring. K t nm 2006 th tiu chun s 1 l RFC3700. Mt s cc STD to thnh nhiu nhm nh, gm nhng RFC c lin quan vi nhau. Mt bn RFC th nghim c th l mt ti liu ca IETF, hoc mt bn trnh c nhn ln ch bin RFC. Trn l thuyt, thc trng cc bn ti liu nh ci tn ca n m ch - ch l
nhng ngh duyt tho v bnh lun ( Request For Comments ). Trn thc t ,mt s bn ti liu khng c nng ln mc tiu chun v khng c ngi tnh nguyn thc hnh nhng chi tit c th trong th tc. Mt s ti liu quan trng cng ch tn ti nh mt Bn Tho Internet, trong khi c nhng bn RFC chnh quy li tr nn li thi . 6

Mt bn RFC tin tc (news) c th l bt c th g, t nhng bn RFC hi hc ( nhng bn ny c cng b vo ngy 1-4 Ngy ni a ) v nhng giao thc s hu cho n nhng bn RFC ch cht c nhiu ngi bit n nh RFC 1591. Mt s bn RFC tin tc c nhm li thnh mt lot cc bi tin tc ng ch (For Your Information FYI). Tuy nhin hin nay t ai ng thm, mt s FYI c vn cn rt th v nh FYI 18 hay cn gi l RFC 1983 bn t vng dnh cho ngi dng Internet (Internet Users Glossary) Mt bn RFC tn kho (historic) l mt bn li thi v c bn RFC khc thay th n. Nhng bn ny ni v mt giao thc khng cn c trong hon cnh Internet hin ti hoc b a ra khi mc tiu chun ha v mt l do no . Mt s cc RFC li thi cn khng c lit k trong danh sch cc bn tn kho, v tin trnh tiu chun ha (Internet Standards Process) thng khng cho php nhng tham chiu c tnh quy chun (normative references) i vi mt RFC ang c tiu chun ha, t mt bn RFC c cp thp hn. ng thi t ngi ch n vic gii quyt nhng chi tit th tc yu cu, nhng bn RFC c phn loi l tn kho, v nhng thay i c nh du vo tt c cc RFC ph thuc vo n. Dng v danh thng c t cho nhng bn RFC qu c khng r cp bc l g nu phi cng b. Trong mt vi trng hp nhng RFC cn hon ton khng c cng b. Nhng RFC c thng ch l nhng bn yu cu duyt tho v bnh lun , khng ch trng vic c t mt giao thc, mt chu trnh qun l hoc bt c mt th g khc m cc RFC hin nay ang c dng thc hin.

2.

Tng quan v SIP :

Giao thc SIP (Secssion Initiation Protocol ) l giao thc bo hiu iu khin lp ng dng c dng thit lp , duy tr , kt thc cc phin truyn thng a phng tin ( multimedia ) c mt hoc nhiu ngi tham gia . Cc phin multimedia bao gm thoi internet , hi ngh v cc ng dng tng t c lin quan n cc phng tin truyn t ( media ) nh m thanh , hnh nh v d liu . SIP s dng cc bn tin mi ( INVITE ) thit lp cc phin v mang cc thng tin m t phin truyn dn . SIP h tr cc phin n b ( unicast ) v qung b ( multicast ) tng ng cc cuc gi im ti im v cuc gi a im . SIP l mt giao thc thit lp cc phin truyn thng . Cc phin SIP bao gm Hi hp a phng tin qua internet .
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Cc cuc gi in thoi qua internet . Cc phin video qua internet . Phn phi a phuong tin . Cc phn t ca SIP c th lin lc thng qua : Lin lc c nhn . Pht qung b . Thng qua t hp ca cc quan h lin lc c nhn hoc mt t hp ca tt c nhng phng tin trn . Trong cc mi trng IPv4 v IPv6 thng qua : UDP TCP SCTP hoc TLS trn nn TCP SIP l mt giao thc m rng n gin Cc phng tin ( Methods ) nh ngha v phin truyn thng .

Phn mo u ( Headers ) M t v phin truyn thng . Phn thng tin bo hay cn gi l phn thn ( Message Body ) SDP , k t , XML .

3.

Ngun gc s pht trin ca giao thc SIP :

u tin SIP ch n thun l mt giao thc dng thit lp phin qung b cho Internet ( t gia n cui thp k 90 ) . SIP c pht trin bi SIP Working Group trong IETF. Phin bn u tin c ban hnh vo thng 3 nm 1999 trong ti liu RFC 2543 : n l 1 giao thc da trn tng v cu trc ca HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) l giao
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thc trao i thng tin ca World Wide Web (WWW) v l 1 phn trong kin trc Multimedia ca IETF. Sau , SIP tri qua nhiu thay i v ci tin. Phin bn mi nht hin nay c ban hnh trong IETF RFC 3261. RFC 3261 hon ton tng thch ngc vi RFC 2543, do cc h thng thc thi theo RFC 2543 hon ton c th s dng vi cc h thng theo RFC 3261. Cc giao thc c lin quan n SIP bao gm :
-

Giao thc t trc ti nguyn RSVP ( Resource Reservation

Protocol )
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Giao thc truyn vn thi gian thc RTTP ( Real Time Transfer

Protocol )
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Giao thc cnh bo phin SAP ( Session Announcement Protocol ) Giao thc miu t phin SDP ( Session Description Protocol )

Cc chc nng ca SIP l c lp v khng ph thuc vo bt k giao thc no thuc cc giao thc trn. Mt khc SIP c th hot ng h tr vi cc giao thc bo hiu khc nh H.323 . SIP l mt giao thc theo thit k m do n c th m rng thm cc chc nng mi. S linh hot ca bn tin SIP cng cho php p ng cc dch v thoi tin tin bao gm c cc dch v di ng. Mt bn tin SIP c hai phn, phn mo u ( Headers ) v phn thn ( Message Body ). Phn thn cho php phc v cc ng dng khc nhau mt cch linh hot. Ban u phn thn ch dng chuyn ti cc tham s miu t phin SDP nh codec, a ch IP u cui, ... Phn thn c s dng m rng cc ng dng ca khc nhau ca SIP v d nh SIP-T cho lin vn PSTN-SIP-PSTN hoc MSCML (Media Server Control Markup Language) cho dch v hi ngh. S ph cp ca SIP dn ti vic mt lot nhm lm vic lin quan n SIP c thnh lp. Nhm SIPPING ( Session Initiation Protocol Project Investigation working group) c thnh lp vi mc ch nghin cu cc ng dng v pht trin cc yu cu m rng cho SIP. Nhm SIMPLE (SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging

Extensions) c nhim v chun ho cc giao thc cho cc ng dng nhn tin tc thi. Cc nhm lm vic khc l PINT (PSTN and Internet Inter-networking), SPIRITS (PSTN/IN requesting Internet Services).

II. Cc thnh phn bn trong mng SIP :


Thnh phn ca SIP : bao gm SIP User Agent ( UA ) v SIP server . 1. SIP User Agent:
SIP UA hoc thit b u cui l im cui ca dialog : SIP UA gi - nhn cc yu cu v tr li ca SIP , n l im cui ca lung a phng bao gm ng dng trong thit b u cui hoc ng dng phn cng chuyn dng . UA gm hai phn :
User Agent Client ( UAC ) : ng dng ca ngi gi khi to yu cu (request ) User Agent Server ( UAS ) : chp nhn , gi li , t chi yu cu ( request ) v gi

tr li cho request n thay mt cho ngi gi. UA l thc th SIP m tng tc vi ngi s dng bng giao din. 2. SIP Server : SIP server : Cn phn bit SIP Server v UA server cng nh m hnh client-server . y , SIP server l mt thc th lun l , mt SIP server c th c chc nng ca nhiu loi server hay ni cch khc mt SIP Server c th hot ng nh cc server khc nhau trong cc trng hp khc nhau . Trong SIP Server c cc thnh phn quan trng nh : Proxy Server , Redirect Server , Location Server , Registrar Server

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Proxy Sever :
C th xem cc Proxy Server nh cc router thit b u cui SIP lm nhim v chuyn tip cc request ti thc th khc trong mng, nh vy chc nng chnh ca n trong mng l nh tuyn cho cc bn tin n ch. Tuy nhin cc Proxy SIP s dng nguyn tc nh tuyn phc tp hn l ch t ng chuyn tip bn tin da vo bng nh tuyn. Cc Proxy Server cng cung cp cc chc nng khc nh : xc nh tnh hp l ca bn tin, xc thc ngi s dng, phn nhnh cc request, phn gii a ch, hy b cc cuc gi ang ch. Mt Proxy c th lu (stateful) hoc khng lu trng thi (stateless) ca bn tin trc , thng thng th Proxy c lu trng thi v chng duy tr trng thi trong sut Transaction (khong 32 giy). S linh hot ca cc proxy SIP cho php cc nh khai thc v qun tr mng s dng cc proxy cho cc mc ch khc nhau v trong cc v tr khc nhau trong mng (chng hn nh Proxy bin, Proxy li, v Proxy ca cc doanh nghip).

Redirect Server :
Truy nhp d liu v dch v nh v tm a ch ca user v gi tr v bn tin lp 300 thng bo thit b l chuyn hng bn tin ti a ch khc t lin lc thng qua a ch tr v .

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Registrar Sever :
L sever nhn bn tin SIP REGISTER yu cu v cp nht thng tin t bn tin request vo location database nm trong Location Sever .

Location Sever :
Lu thng tin trng thi hin ti ca ngi dng trong mng SIP .

3. Mi lin h gia cc thnh phn trong mng SIP


Trong v d th nht, cho ta c mt ci nhn khi qut v chc nng ca Proxy Server, Redirect Server, SIP Phone trong mng. Gi s thu bao c tn user1 trong min dch v do here.com mun thc hin mt cuc gi thoi ti thu bao c th l user2 ( thuc there.com)

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Chc nng ca Proxy, Redirect Server trong mng SIP 1. Khi User 1 mun gi ti User 2, trc ht n s gi bn tin INVITE 1 n Proxy Server 1. Proxy Server 1 chuyn tip bn tin ti Redirect Server. 2. Redirect Server ny x l v tr v m 3xx thng bo cho Proxy Server t thc hin kt ni. 3. Proxy Server 1 gi bn tin INVITE 2 ti ch tr v bi Redirect Server ( chnh l Stateless Proxy Server 1). V y l Stateful Proxy nn thc cht bn tin INVITE c gi bi Stateful Proxy l khc so vi bn tin nhn c t User1(ban u). 4. Stateless Proxy Server chuyn tip bn tin INVITE ti SIP Statefull Proxy 2. Do l Stateless Proxy nn cng vic ca n n gin l chuyn tip bn tin. 5. SIP Statefull Proxy 2 chuyn tip bn tin INVITE ti user2. 6. Khi user2 nhc my th n s gi bn tin 200 OK theo chiu ngc li. 7. Sau khi nhn c bn tin 200 OK, user1 s gi xc nhn ACK ti user2. 8. Lung RTP trc tip gia hai thu bao c thit lp. V cuc gi c thc hin.

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Trong v d th hai s m t qu trnh mt SIP Phone ng k vi vi Registrar Server qun l n,hot ng ca Location Server, Proxy Server.

Chc nng ca Location, Registrar Server trong mng SIP Khi mt SIP Phone c kt ni vi mng. N lin tc gi bn tin REGISTER ti Registrar Server thng bo v tr hin ti ca n. Gi s trong min dch v c tn chicago.com th qu trnh REGISTER (ng k) c tin hnh nh sau: 1. Thu bao c tn Carol gi bn tin REGISTER ti Registrar Server.Server ny tin hnh xc thc. Nu hp l th cc thng tin c lu trong Location Server. 2. Khi mt thu bao khc (c tn l Bob) gi bn tin INVITE ti Proxy Server xin kt ni ti thu bao Carol. Proxy Server s truy vn cc thng tin v thu bao b gi thng qua Location Server. 3. Proxy Server gi bn tin INVITE ti thu bao Carol thit lp cuc gi.

4. Bn tin SIP
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Thng ip SIP gm 3 phn: start line, header ca thng ip v body. Client gi yu cu (request) v server tr li bng response. 1 phin ca SIP bao gm yu cu t client, 0 hoc nhiu provisional response v final response t server. 4.1 SIP response : Status line l dng bt u ca response. Cc bn tin p ng c chia thnh thnh hai nhm bao gm 6 loi bn tin, mi bn dng mt m trng thi nm trong mt di m.

Khun dng thng ip SIP

SIP version

Status code

Reason Phrase

Cu trc Response Line SIP response


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Provisional (1xx): Bn tin ny dng ch th tin trnh nhng khng kt thc

giao dch SIP (tm kim, rung chung, xp hng).

Final (2xx, 3xx, 4xx, 5xx, 6xx): Bn tin ny ch th kt thc giao dch SIP. 1xx: Provisional nhn yu cu v ang tip tc x l yu cu. Tm kim, rung

chung, xp hng i, no c phat khi qua trinh x ly cha th kt thuc ngay c. Phia phat cn phai dng qu trnh truyn cac yu cu khi nhn c ban tin nay. 2xx: Success Cc yu c x l thnh cng (nhn, hiu v c tip nhn). 3xx: Redirection Cn tin hnh thm cc hot ng c th p ng c cc yu cu. Chung c gi bi cac Redirect Server. 4xx: Client Error Li do pha Client, cc yu cu sai c php hoc khng p ng ng yu cu ca Server. 5xx: Server Error Li pha Server, server b s c v khng p ng c cc yu cu hp l. 6xx: Global Failure Li tng th, cc yu cu khng th c p ng ti bt k server no. Cc lp Response Thng tin M tr v 100 180 181 182 183 Thnh cng Chuyn hng 200 300 301 M t ang thc hin kt ni ang chung Cuc gi ang c chuyn tip c t vo hng i Phin ang c x l Thnh cng Nhiu la chn Chuyn vnh vin
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Li Client

Li Server

302 305 380 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 410 413 414 415 416 420 421 423 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 491 500 501 502 503

Chuyn tm thi S dng proxy Dch v khc Yu cu khng hp l Khng nhn dng c Yu cu thnh ton B cm Khng tm thy Phng thc khng c php Khng chp nhn Yu cu xc thc Proxy Request timeout di i Yu cu qu di URL c yu cu qu ln Khng h tr kiu media Khng h tr URI Phn m rng li Yu cu phn m rng Khong thi gian gia hai s kin qu ngn Tm thi cha sn sng Transaction khng tn ti Pht hin thy loop (chu trnh) Qu nhiu hop a ch khng Mt m khng r rng ang bn Yu cu b hy Khng th chp nhn ti y Yu cu cha c gii quyt Li ni ti trong server Cha c thc hin u Gateway li Dch v khng tn ti

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Li ton cc

504 505 513 600 603 604 606

Server timeout Phin bn SIP khng c h tr Bn tin qu ln Bn khp mi ni Suy sp Khng tn ti Khng th chp nhn

4.2 SIP request :


Request line l dng u tin ca request. Tn giao thc ch ra mc ch ca request v request-URI cha ch ca request. Cc phng thc SIP Cc phng thc SIP c th xem nh l cc kiu thng ip. Chng xc nh yu cu ang c to bi thit b ca ngi dng (hoc thc th mng trong mt s trng hp). Cc phng thc SIP c bn hin ti c nh ngha s dng trong IMS: ACK, BYE, CANCEL, INVITE, REGISTER, UPDATE.. Method Request URI SIP version

Cu trc Request Line SIP request 4.3 Cc trng header


Khun dng ca cc trng header: Tn ca trng header: gi tr ca trng header C cc trng header bt buc v ty chn trong mi thng ip. C 6 trng header c tnh bt buc trong mi SIP thng ip: To, From, Cseq, Call-ID, Max- Forward, Via.

4.4 Message Body


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Message Body c tch khi trng header bi dng trng. Thng ip SIP c th mang bt k kiu no ca body, k c body nhiu phn s dng m ha MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension ). SIP s dng MIME m ha body ca n. Do , body ca SIP c m t ging nh phn nh km vo email. c tnh quan trng ca body l chng truyn t u cui n u cui. Proxy khng cn phn tch c php ca thng ip body nh tuyn thng ip. Thc t, UA c th la chn m ha ni dung ca thng ip body end to end. Trong trng hp ny, proxy s khng th bit kiu phin no ang c thit lp gia hai UA

4.5 Cu trc bn tin SIP


Bn tin Request: INVITE sip:bob@proxy.company.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP ph1.company.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK83749.1 From: Alice <sip:alice@company.com>;tag=1234567 To: Bob <sip:bob@proxy.company.com> Call-ID: 12345601@ph1.company.com CSeq: 1 INVITE Contact: <sip:alice@ph1.company.com> Content-Type: application/sdp INVITE sip:bob@proxy.company.com SIP/2.0 Content-Length: ... v=0 o=alice 2890844526 28908445456 IN IP4 172.18.193.102 s=Session SDP c=IN IP4 172.18.193.102 t=0 0 m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 0 a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000 Bn tin Response:
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SIP/2.0 200 OK Via: SIP/2.0/UDP ph1.company.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK83749.1 From: Alice <sip:alice@company.com>;tag=1234567 To: Bob <sip:bob@proxy.company.com>;tag=9345678 Call-ID: 12345601@ph1.company.com CSeq: 1 INVITE ContentLength: ... v=0 o=bob 3800844316 3760844696 IN IP4 172.18.193.109 s=Session SDP c=IN IP4 172.18.193.109 t=0 0 m=audio 48140 RTP/AVP 0 a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000 ngha ca cc trng trong bn tin: Tiu SIP M t From To Thng l AOR(Address of Record) ca ngi gi. N bao gm SIP hoc SIPS URI v vi ty chn tn c hin th. M t ngi nhn ca bn tin SIP, AOR ca ngi nhn. Vi chc nng forward hay redirect thi anh khng phi l a ch ngi nhn. Call-ID Cseq Trng nyseries ca bn From. Call-ID phi c xc nh trong nh ngha ging trng tin SIP. mi bn tin SIP c gi bi tt c cc UA trong mt dialog. Cha mt gi tr nguyn v tn phng thc. Trng ny dng xc nh, spx xp, nh du chui SIP request trong mt dialog. Cseq c Via Contact th khc nhau gia bn tin c truyn li v truyn mi. Xc nh ng i c ch ra request v cc response s c gi. Cha SIP hoc SIPS URI ca UA mun nhn c SIP request mi.

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Allow Supported Require ContentType ContentLength

Lit k tp cc phng thc SIP c h tr bi UA. Lit k tp cc phn m rng ca SIP h tr bi UA. Trng ny rt ging nh trng Supported nhng l ca cc UA xa cn thit cho mt transaction c x l. Kiu ca phn thn ca bn tin SIP (nu c phn thn) Kch thc ca phn thn bn tin SIP. Trng ny l bt buc khi bn tin SIP c truyn trn TCP.

5. Chc nng ca SIP 5.1 Thit lp, sa i v kt thc phin


SIP c lp vi kiu ca phin a phng tin c iu khin v k thut s dng m t phin. N rt hu ch cho hi ngh, cuc gi audio, whiteboard c chia s v cc phin chi game. Cc phin bao gm cc lung RTP (Real Time Protocol) mang audio v video thng xuyn c m t bng SDP, nhng c mt vi kiu phin khc c th c m t vi cc giao thc m t khc. SIP c s dng phn phi m t phin gia cc bn tham gia tim nng. Khi m t phin c phn phi, SIP c th s dng tha thun v sa cc tham s ca phin v kt thc phin. V d sau y m t tt c cc chc nng ny. B mun c mt phin audio-video vi A v d nh dng codec PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) m ha voice. Trong v d ny, bn phn phi phin bao gm B gi cho A m t phin vi codec PCM. A thch s dng codec ADPCM v n tn t bng thng hn, do A thuyt phc B s dng ADPCM. Cui cng c hai s dng codec ADPCM, nhng phin khng th c thit lp cho n khi vic tha thun ny kt thc. t nhin, gia phin audio-video, A quyt nh mun b thnh phn video. A sa phin ch c audio. Khi B quyt nh cuc hi thoi kt thc, phin c kt thc.

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5.2 Tnh di ng ca ngi s dng


SIP khng th phn phi m t phin cho cc bn tham gia cho n khi h c nh v. Ngi dng c th thng xuyn c lin lc ti vi v tr. Khi , h c vi a ch IP khc nhau ph thuc vo my m h s dng v mun nhn phin n ch ti v tr hin ti ca h. V d, ngi khc c th mun nhn phin mi trn my trm ca h vo bui sng khi ngi s dng n ni lm vic, trn my tnh ti nh vo bui ti v trn in thoi cm tay khi h i du lch. SIP URI: ngi s dng trong mi trng SIP c nh ngha bi SIP Uniform Resource Identity (URI). Khun dng ca SIP URI tng t nh a ch email, bao gm username v domain name: sip: B@thanglong.com Trong v d trc, nu chng ta tra cu SIP server (iu khin domain company.com) chng ta s tm thy ngi s dng c username l B. URI ca B c th l SIP:b@131.160.1.112, ch ra rng host c a ch IP l 131.160.1.112 c username l B. Registration (ng k): ch rng, ngi s dng ng k v tr hin ti ca h cho server nu h mun c tm thy. Trong v d trn, B ang lm vic trn laptop ca mnh c a ch IP l 131.160.1.112. Tn login l B. B ng k v tr hin ti ca mnh vi server ca cng ty. By gi A mun gi B. A mun c a ch SIP Public ca B sip: B@thanglong.com) v n c in trong business card ca B. V vy, khi server ti thanglong.com c lin h v hi v B, n bit ni m B c th lin lc v kt ni c to.

6. Thit lp v hy cuc gi SIP:


Trc tin ta tm hiu hot ng ca my ch y quyn v my ch chuyn i + Hot ng ca my ch y quyn (Proxy Server)

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Hot ng ca Proxy server c trnh by nh trong hnh .Client SIP userA@yahoo.com gi bn tin INVITE cho userB@hostmail.com mi tham gia cuc gi.

Cc bc nh sau: + Bc 1: userA@yahoo.com gi bn tin INVITE cho UserB min hostmail.com, bn tin ny n proxy server SIP ca min hostmail.com (Bn tin INVITE c th i t Proxy server SIP ca min yahoo.com v c Proxy ny chuyn n Proxy server ca min hostmail.com). + Bc 2: Proxy server ca min hostmail.com s tham kho server nh v (Location server) quyt nh v tr hin ti ca UserB. + Bc 3: Server nh v tr li v tr hin ti ca UserB (gi s l UserB@hostmail.com). + Bc 4: Proxy server gi bn tin INVITE ti userB@hostmail.com. Proxy server thm a ch ca n trong mt trng ca bn tin INVITE.

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+ Bc 5: UAS ca UserB p ng cho server Proxy vi bn tin 200 OK. + Bc 6: Proxy server gi p ng 200 OK tr v userA@yahoo.com. + Bc 7: userA@yahoo.com gi bn tin ACK cho UserB thng qua proxy server. + Bc 8: Proxy server chuyn bn tin ACK cho userB@hostmail.com + Bc 9: Sau khi c hai bn ng tham d cuc gi, mt knh RTP/RTCP c m gia hai im cui truyn tn hiu thoi. + Bc 10: Sau khi qu trnh truyn dn hon tt, phin lm vic b xa bng cch s dng bn tin BYE v ACK gia hai im cui. Hot ng ca my ch chuyn i a ch (Redirect Server):

Hot ng ca Redirect Server c trnh by nh hnh . Cc bc nh sau: + Bc 1: Redirect server nhn c yu cu INVITE t ngi gi (Yu cu ny c th i t mt proxy server khc). + Bc 2: Redirect server truy vn server nh v a ch ca B. + Bc 3: Server nh v tr li a ch ca B cho Redirect server.
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+ Bc 4: Redirect server tr li a ch ca B n ngi gi A. N khng pht yu cu INVITE nh proxy server. + Bc 5: User Agent bn A gi li bn tin ACK n Redirect server xc nhn s trao i thnh cng. + Bc 6: Ngi gi A gi yu cu INVITE trc tip n a ch c tr li bi Redirect server (n B). Ngi b gi B p ng vi ch th thnh cng (200 OK), v ngi gi p tr bn tin ACK xc nhn. Cuc gi c thit lp. Ngoi ra SIP cn c cc m hnh hot ng lin mng vi SS7 (n PSTN) hoc l lin mng vi chng giao thc H.323.

III- Cc giao thc h tr trong SIP


Cc giao thc khc ca IETF c th s dng xy dng nhng ng dng SIP . SIP c th hot ng cng vi nhiu giao thc nh : RSVP ( Reource Revervation Protocol ) : Giao thc chim trc ti nguyn mng . RTP ( Real-time tranpsport Protocol ) : Giao thc vn chuyn thi gian thc . RTSP ( Real Time Streaming Protocol ) : Giao thc to lung thi gian thc . SAP ( Session Advertisement Protocol ) : Giao thc thng bo phin kt ni . SDP ( Session Description Protocol ) : Giao thc m t phin kt ni a phng tin .

MIME ( Multipurpose Internet mail Extension) : M rng th tn Internet a mc ch .


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HTTP ( Hypertext Transfer protocol ) : Giao thc truyn siu vn bn . COPS ( Common Open policy Service ) : Dch v chnh sch m chung . OSP ( Open Settlement protocol ) : Giao thc tha thun m .

1. RSVP ( Reource Revervation Protocol ) : Giao thc chim trc ti nguyn mng
RSVP l mt c ch bo hiu dng dnh ring ti nguyn trn mt mng. RSVP khng phi l mt giao thc nh tuyn. Vic quyt nh tuyn do IGP (gm c cc m rng TE) v CSPF. Cng vic ca RSVP l bo hiu v duy tr ti nguyn dnh ring qua mt mng. Trong MPLS TE, RSVP d tr bng thng ti mt phng iu khin (control-plane layer); khng c chnh sch lu lng trn mt phng chuyn tip (forwarding-plane). Khi s dng cho cc mc ch khc (nh VoIP hay DLSW + reservations), RSVP c th c dng dnh ring khng gian hng i cng bng c trng s (WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing) hay xy dng cc ATM SVC. - RSVP c ba chc nng c bn: * Thit lp v duy tr ng i (Path setup and maintenance) * Hy ng i (Path teardown) * Bo li (Error signalling) - RSVP l mt giao thc trng thi mm (soft-state protocol). Ngha l cn lp li bo hiu trn mng lm mi nh k cho n. Vi RSVP, mt yu cu b hy nu n c ch nh xa khi mng bng RSVP hay ht thi gian dnh ring (reservation times out).

1.1 Cc loi thng ip trong RSVP :


C 6 loi thng ip trong RSVP nh sau :

a) Path s dng yu cu ti nguyn dnh trc

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b) Resv Gi p ng bn tin ng thit lp v duy tr d tr ti nguyn. c) PathTear - S dng xa d tr ti nguyn khi mng theo hng i. d) ResvTear S dng xa b ti nguyn khi mng theo hng v. e) PathErr Thng bo li bn tin Path f) ResvErr- Thng bo li bn tin Resv g) ResvConf L mt bn tin ty chn, gi ngc li ti pha gi ca bn tin Resv xc nhn rng ti nguyn d tr xc nh thc s c ci t h) ResvTearConf- S dng xc nhn d tr ti nguyn xc nh b xa khi mng.

1.2

M hnh hot ng ( Gm 6 bc ) :
2

R2

R3 R4
PATH

PATH RES V

R1

Host A 24.1.70.210

PA TH RE S V

3
TH PA

Host B 128.32.32.69

R5

Bc 1: ng dung trn Host A s to 1 phin n my ch co Ip : 128.32.32.69 bng RSVP ti host A . Bc 2 : Ti host A , RSVP s to bn tin Path v s gi n router gn nht R1 nhm a n a ch 128.32.32.69 . Bc 3 : Bn tin Path tip tc thng qua R5 v R4 cho n khi n ch l Host B . Bc 4 : ng dng ti host B s tip nhn RSVP ny v kim tra phin 128.32.32.69. Kim tra xem cc bn tin ny c tn ti trong phin khng . Bc 5 : Host B s dng RSVP to ra bn tin Resv gi ngc li R4 v a ch gi l 24.1.70.210
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Bc 6 : Bn tin Resv tip tc thng qua R5 v R1 cho n khi ti Host A.

1.3

Cc chc nng ca RSVP:

A. Thit lp v duy tr ng i:
a.Thit lp ng i (Path Setup): - Sau khi u ng hm (tunnel headend) hon thnh CSPF cho mt ng hm c th, n gi mt thng ip Path n nt k tip (next-hop) dc theo ng i tnh ton n ch. LSR gi thng ip Path c gi l LSR ngc dng (upstream router), v LSR nhn thng ip c gi l LSR xui dng (down-stream router). LSR ngc dng con duoc goi la trm trc ( phop previous hop). - Sau khi LSR xui dng nhn mt thng ip Path, n kim tra nh dng ca thng ip, sau kim tra lng bng thng m thng ip yu cu. Tin trnh ny c gi l iu khin chp nhn (admission control). - Nu vic kim tra ny thnh cng v thng ip Path c php dnh ring bng thng nh n yu cu, LSR xui dng to mt thng ip Path mi v gi n nt k trong i tng tuyn tng minh (ERO Explicit Route Object). Thng ip Path tip tc c chuyn i n khi no chng n c nt cui cng trong ERO ui ng hm MPLS TE (tunnel tail). - ui ng hm thc hin iu khin chp nhn trn thng ip Path ging nh cc LSR xui dng khc. Khi n nhn ra rng n l ch n ca thng ip Path n tr li li bng thng ip Resv. Resv ng vai tr nh l mt ACK bo v cho LSR ngc dng. Resv cha mt thng bo rng tha mn s dnh ring n cui ng hm v thng tin nhn n (incoming label) cho LSR ngc dng s dng gi cc gi dc theo TE LSP n ch. b.Duy tr ng i (Path Maintenance):

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- Thot nhn, vic duy tr ng i ging nh thit lp ng i. Mi 30 giy u ng hm gi mt thng ip Path n lng ging xui dng ca n. Nu mt LSR gi i mt dy 4 thng ip Path v khng thy Resv, n ngh rng s dnh ring b mt v gi mt thng ip ngc dng (message upstream) bo rng s dnh ring b mt. - Cc thng ip Path v Resv c gi c lp v bt ng b gia cc lng ging vi nhau. Thng ip Resv c dng lm ti (refresh) mt s dnh ring ang tn ti ch khng phi tr li cho thng ip Path.

B.

Hy ng i:

-Nu mt nt (thng l u ng hm) quyt nh mt s dnh ring khng cn cn thit trong mng, n gi mt thng ip PathTear dc theo ng thng ip Path i v mt ResvTear dc theo ng ca Resv. - Thng ip ResvTear c gi hi p cho PathTear bo hiu ui ng hm. PathTear v ResvTear cng c gi tr li mt iu kin li trong mng. -Khng ging thng ip lm ti, PathTear khng cn i n ht downstream trc khi nhn c kt qu.

C.

Bo li:

- Thnh thong, tn hiu RSVP c th b li. Cc li ny c bo hiu bng thng ip PathErr hay ResvErr. Thng ip li c gi ngc dng v pha ngun ca li; mt PathErr c gi ngc dng t mt nt xui dng v mt ResvErr c gi xui dng t mt nt ngc dng.

2.

RTP ( Real Time Tranpsport Protocol ) : Giao thc vn chuyn thi gian

thc
RTP t vit tt ca Real Time Transport Protocol (Giao thc Vn chuyn Thi gian Thc) c t mt tiu chun nh dng gi tin dng truyn m thanh v hnh nh qua

29

internet. Tiu chun ny c khai bo trong RFC 1889. N c pht trin bi nhm Audio Video Transport Working v c ban hnh ln u tin vo nm 1996. RTP v RTCP lin kt rt cht ch vi nhau RTP truyn d liu thc trong khi RTCP c dng nhn thng tin phn hi v cht lng dch v.

2.1 RTP (even port-port chn)


_ RTP cung cp chc nng mng vn chuyn end-to-end cho nhng ng dng truyn d liu m yu cu thi gian thc (real-time) nh l m thanh v video. Nhng chc nng bao gm nhn din loi d liu, s trnh t, tham s thi gian v gim st tin trnh gi. - RTP l thnh phn quan trng ca VoIP bi v n cho php thit b ch sp xp v iu chnh li thi gian cho gi tin thoi trc khi c gi n ngi dng. - Sequence number c tng thm bi 1 i vi tng gi tin, gi tr khi u ( ca gi tin u tin ) c chn ngu nhin nhm mc ch bo mt. Xem xt gi tr trong trng ny, receiver c th xc nh c gi tin b mt hoc out of oder tnh tan sc xut mt gi hay iu chnh thi gian playout ca d liu nhm m bo cht lng ca dch v. - Timestamp c s dng tnh tan ng b cng nh jitter ca d liu, v vy gi tr trong trng ny lun tng mt cch tuyn tnh v n iu ty thuc theo xung clock ly mu c s dng cho tng lai d liu ( vd video l 90kHz) bt u t thi im byte u tin ca gi RTP. Gi tr u tin cng c chn ngu nhin.

2.2

RTCP (Real-Time Transport Control Protocol)odd port-port l

- RTCP gim st cht lng ca qu trnh phn phi d liu v cung cp tin trnh iu khin thng tin. RTCP cung cp thng tin phn hi da theo iu kin ca mng: - RTCP cung cp c ch cho nhng thit b lin quan trong phin (session) RTP trao i thng tin v gim st v iu khin phin.

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- RTCP gim st cht lng ca cc yu t nh l m gi (packet count), mt gi, tr, jitter. RTCP truyn gi bng 1% bng thng ca phin, nhng mt tc xc nh trong t nht mi 5 giy. - Tham s thi gian Network Time Protocol(NTP) da vo cc xung c ng b. Tham s thi gian RTP tng ng th c to ngu nhin v da vo tin trnh ly mu gi d liu. C hai NTP v RTP th c t trong gi RTCP bi ngi gi d liu.

RTSP ( Real Time Streaming Protocol ) : Giao thc to lung thi gian

thc
L giao thc iu khin kim sot h thng mng , c thit k s dng trong h thng gii tr v truyn thng kim sot Streaming media Severs . Giao thc c s dng thit lp v kim sot cc phng tin truyn thng gia cc im cui phin . Ngi dng a ra cc lnh VCR , nh chy hay tm dng , iu khin thi gian thc trong vic pht li cc file media t sever .

SDP ( Session Description Protocol ) : Giao thc m t phin kt ni a

phng tin
L giao thc cho php client chia s thng tin v phin kt ni cho cc client khc. N ng mt vai tr quan trng trong VoIP.

4.1 M t SDP:
SDP khng phi l mt giao thc lp vn chuyn, n khng thc s vn chuyn d liu gia cc client m n ch thit lp cu trc thng tin v cc thuc tnh ca lung d liu, d liu thc s c truyn i bi cc giao thc SIP, RTSP hay HTTP. Thng tin trong gi SDP dng ASCII gm nhiu dng, mi dng l 1 trng. V d bn tin SDP: v=0 o=bsmith 2208988800 2208988800 IN IP4 68.33.152.147
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s= e=bsmith@foo.com c=IN IP4 20.1.25.50 t=0 0 a=recvonly m=audio 0 RTP/AVP 0 1 101 a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000

Trng V O S I U E P C k m t a

ngha Phin bn ca giao thc Ch ca phin kt ni, nhn dng, phin bn phin kt ni, Loi mng, Loi a ch, IP ca ch. Tn phin kt ni Miu t kt ni URI E-mail ca ngi cn lin lc S in thoi ca ngi cn lin lc Thng tin kt ni:: IP version and CIDR IP address Kha m ha nh clear text,base64, uri Loi mng, port kt ni,phng thc vn chuyn,danh sch nh dng Thi im bt u v kt thc kt ni Thuc tnh. ngha ca cc trng

4.2

Hot ng ca SDP :

Client gi SIP request, thit b s to mt gi SDP gi tr li. Gi SDP ny mang thng tin v phin kt ni. Sau y l mt v d: v=0 o=thang 2890844526 2890844526 IN IP4 host.hanoi.example.com

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s= c=IN IP4 host.hanoi.example.com t=0 0 m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 0 8 97 a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000 a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000 a=rtpmap:97 iLBC/8000 m=video 51372 RTP/AVP 31 32 a=rtpmap:31 H261/90000 a=rtpmap:32 MPV/90000 Trong v d trn, ngi gi l Thng , lng nghe kt ni t host.hanoi.example.com. Gi c gi ti bt k ai mun tham gia phin kt ni. Kt ni ca Alice h tr ba loi kt ni cho audio l PCMU, PCMIA v iLBC, hai loi kt ni video H.261 v MPV. Nu Ngc mun tham gia kt ni th gi li bn tin SDP: v=0 o=ngoc 2808844564 2808844564 IN IP4 host.hanoi2.example.com s= c=IN IP4 host.hanoi2.example.com t=0 0 m=audio 49174 RTP/AVP 0 a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000 m=video 49170 RTP/AVP 32

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a=rtpmap:32 MPV/90000

4.3 Bo mt cho SDP :


Bn tin SDP mang thng tin v phin kt ni nh nhn dng phin kt ni, IP ngi gi, ngi nhn, Nu k tn cng bt c nhng gi SDP ny n c th thay i gi tr trong cc trng ri gi i. Nhng iu ny hon ton c th khc phc bng phng php chng thc user ca SIP.

MIME ( Multipurpose Internet mail Extension M rng th tn Internet

a mc ch
MIME cung cp cch thc kt hp nhiu loi d liu khc nhau vo trong mt thng ip duy nht c th c gi qua Internet dng Email hay Newgroup. Thng tin c chuyn i theo cch ny trng ging nh nhng khi k t ngu nhin. Nhng thng ip s dng chun MIME c th cha hnh nh, m thanh v bt k nhng loi thng tin no khc c th lu tr c trn my tnh. Hu ht nhng chng trnh x l th in t s t ng gii m nhng thng bo ny v cho php bn lu tr d liu cha trong chng vo a cng.

HTTP ( Hypertext Transfer protocol ) : Giao thc truyn siu vn bn


L mt trong nm giao thc chun v mng Internet, c dng lin h thng tin

gia My cung cp dch v (Web server) v My s dng dch v (Web client) l giao thc Client/Server dng cho World Wide Web-WWW, HTTP l mt giao thc ng dng ca b giao thc TCP/IP (cc giao thc nn tng cho Internet). Cu trc ca HTTP Message HTTP l mt giao thc kiu client/server; client a ra cc request, v server s tr li cc request ny. Cu trc cc HTTP message v th cng thay i theo yu t ny. C mt nh dng cho HTTP request v cho cc response.

6.1

HTTP Request
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Mi request bt u vi mt Request-Line. Dng ny ch ra phng thc m client yu cu, ti nguyn, v phin bn ca HTTP m client c th h tr. Request-Line c th c tip sau mt hay nhiu header v mt message body. Mt HTTP request bt u vi mt Request-Line v c th bao gm cc header v message body. Phn header c th m t qu vic truyn d liu, xc nh cc yu cu hay phn message body km theo. GET / HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Accept-Language: en-us A ccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT 5.0) Host: www.ft.com Connection: Keep-Alive Request-Line cha ba mc phn bit, l method, uri, v phin bn HTTP, mi mc c phn tch bi mt hay nhiu khong trng. Mt HTTP Request-Line c mt phng thc, mt a ch nh danh ti nguyn (URI), v thng bo phin bn HTTP. Phng thc c xc nh trn dng u tin ca Request-Line. HTTP nh ngha tt c l 8 phng thc. Mt HTTP server ch c yu cu h tr cc phng thc GET v HEAD; nu chng h tr cc phng thc HTTP khc, s h tr phi c gn vi cc quy tc ca HTTP. c t HTTP cng c cc m rng cc phng thc khc c th c b sung trong tng lai. Mc tip theo trong Request-Line l Request-uri. Mc ny cung cp a ch nh danh ti nguyn cho mt ti nguyn. V d, Request-uri l /, ch ra mt request cho ti nguyn gc.

35

Cho cc request khng yu cu mt ti nguyn c th (nh l TRACE request hay trong mt s trng hp c OPTIONS request), client c th dng mt du * cho Request-uri. Mc cui cng trong Request-Line l phin bn HTTP. Nh trong v d, phin bn HTTP l 1.1 cha trong on text HTTP/1.1. Tip sau Request-Line, mt HTTP request c th bao gm mt hay nhiu dng message header. Mt message header c th cha cc loi general header, request header, hoc entity header. General header p dng trong truyn d liu; request header p dng cho cc request c th, v entity header p dng cho message body trong request. Mt HTTP request lun cha mt dng trng sau Request-Line v bt k header no. Nu request bao gm mt message body, phn body i sau mt dng trng. Dng trng - blank line rt quan trng v server xc nh c phn kt ca request, hoc phn kt ca header. Khng c dng trng, server nhn cc message s khng bit c cc header khc na c tip tc c truyn khng.

6.2 HTTP Response


HTTP Response kh ging vi HTTP Request. Du hiu khc bit duy nht l response bt u vi mt dng trng thi status so vi Request-Line. Status-Line, cng ging nh Request-Line, cha ba mc ngn cch bi cc khong trng. Mt HTTP response bt u vi mt Status-Line v c th cha cc header v mt message body. Header c th m t qu trnh truyn d liu, xc nh response, hoc phn body km theo. Dng bt u vi phin bn cao nht ca HTTP m server h tr. HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Sun, 08 Oct 2000 18:46:12 GMT Server: Apache/1.3.6 (Unix) Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=120
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Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Type: text/html <html>... HTTP Status-Line bt u vi ch bo HTTP, m trng thi, v mt on text m t response. Hai mc cn li trong Status-Line l Status-Code v Reason-Phrase. Status-Code l mt b ba k t ch bo kt qu ca request. Status-Code ph bin nht l 200. Gi tr ny thng bo yu cu ca client thnh cng. Phn loi HTTP Status Code Header Field HTTP request v response c th c mt hay nhiu message header. Message header bt u vi tn trng v du (:). Trong mt s trng hp, ch c tn trng trong phn header. Trong hu ht cc trng hp khc header cha cc thm thng tin khc na, cc thng tin ny i sau du :. Mt message header kt thc cui dng, nhng nu mt client cn biu din nhiu hn mt dng th dng tip theo s bt u vi mt hay nhiu k t trng hay k t gch ngang (ascii character 8). V d sau l ca User-Agent header: GET / HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Accept-Language: en-us Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT 5.0) Host: www.ft.com Connection: Keep-Alive

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Nu mt message header cha mt chui gi tr phn tch bi du ,; ta c th tch ra thnh cc dng ring, nh v d sau tch cc gi tr ca Accept-Encoding: GET / HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Accept-Language: en-us Accept-Encoding: gzip Accept-Encoding: deflate User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT 5.0) Host: www.ft.com Connection: Keep-Alive Bng sau th hin cc HeaderField, phm vi p dng ca chng trong cc request hay response, hay trong message body (entity) i km vi request hay response. Header Accept Accept-Charset Accept-Encoding Accept-Language Accept-Ranges Age Allow Authentication-Info Authorization Cache-Control Connection Content-Encoding Content-Language Content-Length Content-Location General Request Response Entity

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Content-MD5 Content-Range Content-Type Cookie Cookie2 Date Etag Expect Expires From Host If-Match If-Modified-Since If-None-Match If-Range If-UnmodifiedSince Last-Modified Location Max-Forwards Meter Pragma Proxy-Authenticate ProxyAuthorization Range Referer Retry-After Server Set-Cookie2 TE Trailer Transfer-Encoding Upgrade User-Agent Vary Warning WWW-Authenticate

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HTTP Header Field

Status Code ngha 100-199 200-299 300-399 400-499 500-599 Informational; server nhn c request nhng kt qu cui cng khng sn c. Success; server c kh nng thc hin cc yu cu. Redirection; client c th chuyn hng request sang mt server hay ti nguyn khc Client error; request c li. Server error; server khng th thc hin cc yu cu ngay c khi request hp l. Bng phn loi HTTP Status Code

IV- DEMO
1- Mc tiu v m hnh : Xy dng m hnh h thng gi VOIP cho 2 chi nhnh ca 1 cng ty c th gi in vi nhau thng qua my tnh (hoc qua in thoi) trn mi trng mng Internet nhm tit kim chi ph in thoi cho cng ty v ng thi c th hot ng c lp vi h thng in thoi truyn thng. p dng m hnh VoIP da trn cng ngh SIP l mt cng ngh thoi qua Internet kh ph bin hin nay. Trong n c s ny ti xin lm demo mt h thng VoIP n gin gm 2 my PC ( 1 my tht v 1 my o ) ng vai tr tng t nh 2 h thng mng 2 a im khc nhau l H Ni v Si Gn kt ni trc tip vi nhau thng qua 2 router, cho 2 my tnh gi in thoi vi nhau v ti s dng chng trnh bt gi tin tm hiu quy trnh cng nh cch thc hot ng ca giao thc SIP dng thit lp cuc gi ny.
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HaNoi F0/0 172.16.1.1 F0/1 1.1.1.1 F0/0 172.16.1.2

Saigon

F0/1 2.2.2.1

Mng ni b (LAN)

Mng ni b (LAN)

2.2.2.2 1.1.1.2 SIP Server SIP Client

M HNH LM DEMO 2. Cng c Demo : _ 1 my tnh laptop HP dv5 s dng Windows Vista _ Dng phn mm VMware 7 gi lp mt PC o s dng WindowsXP _ Dng phn mm GNS 3 gi lp 2 router Cisco 2691 cng vi 2 Cloud c dng nh 2 h thng mng. _ Phn mm Brekeke Ondo Sip Server ng vai tr l SIP server _ Phn mm Xterm Eye Beam ng vai tr l SIP client (phn mm dng thc hin cuc gi in thoi) 3. Cc bc tin hnh : _ Ci t chng trnh VMware version7 vo my laptop HP dv5 _ M chng trnh Vmware ln v ci t WindowsXP.

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_ Ci t phn mm GNS3

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_ Gi lp 2 router Cisco 2691 v 2 Cloud ri cho kt ni vi nhau

_ Cu hnh cho 2 router nh sau : R1 : Ta xem nh mt chi nhnh H Ni, c cc a ch IP nh sau

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R2 : Ta xem nh mt chi nhnh Si Gn, c cc a ch IP nh sau

_ t cu hnh a ch IP cho my PC o nh sau


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_ t cu hnh a ch IP cho my PC tht nh sau

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_ Xc nh chc chn l cc kt ni thng sut ( my tht ping thy my o thng 2 router cu hnh )

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_ Ci t SIP Server trn my Windows Vista

_ Cu hnh SIP server nh sau

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_ Thit lp a ch IP l a ch ca my tnh ci t v cu hnh SIP Server, y l a ch : 1.1.1.2

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To danh sch cc s in thoi m chng ta mun SIP server qun l. _ Ci t SIP Client ( Xterm Eye Beam ) trn my tht v my o,ng nhp vi cc account tng ng nh khi ta to cc account trong SIP Server

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My PC tht (Vista) c ci t Sip Client v ng nhp vi s in thoi l 101

My PC o ( WinXP ) c ci t Sip Client v ng nhp vi s in thoi l 102 _ Thc hin cuc gi gia 2 my

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4. Kt qu : _ S dng WireShark bt cc gi tin cuc gi

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Kt qu thu c t vic bt gi tin bng WireShark cho thy quy trnh thit lp 1 cuc gi ca giao thc SIP nh sau : Khi ta thc hin cuc gi th giao thc SIP a ra gi tin Invite gi yu cu thc hin cuc gi ti my ch nh hnh 1.Gi tin Invite. hnh di ta thy gi Invite c gi t s my 101 c a ch IP l 1.1.1.2 n s my 102 c a ch IP l 2.2.2.2 s dng chng trnh User-Agent (Sip Client) l Eye Beam.

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1. Gi tin Invite Sau khi gi gi tin Invite v nhn c phn hi (cho bit my ch hin ang online available) th giao thc SIP tip tc gi gi tin 180 - Ringing nh hnh 2. 180Ringing bo hiu c cuc gi n my ch. ng thi lc ny c my gi yu cu v my ch u c ting chung.

2. 180-Ringing Khi my ch cho php cuc gi c thc hin (hnh thc nhc my in thoi) th gi tin 200 OK c khi to v bt u thc hin vic kt ni cuc gi trc tip gia 2 my nh hnh 3. 200- OK .

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3. 200- OK Khi cuc gi kt thc (hnh thc gc my in thoi) th gi tin BYE c khi to thc hin vic ngt kt ni trc tip ca cuc gi.

4. BYE

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Kt Lun
Do hn ch v khun kh n v kinh nghim thc tin ca em khng nhiu nn n ny khng trnh khi c nhng sai st v nhm ln. V vy nhng s ng gp ca thy c v cc bn khng ch gip n ca em c c cht lng cao hn m cn gip trang b cho em mt kin thc vng vng hn trong vic nghin cu v cng vic sau ny. Em xin chn thnh cm n.

Ti liu tham kho: 1. RFC 3261 : http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt 2. Cc RFC khc ca IETF lin quan n SIP : http://www.sipknowledge.com/SIP_RFC.htm 3. Trang web ca SIP http://www.cs.columbia.edu/sip/ 4. http://www.chez.com/jaaayyy/html/ProjetSIP/SIP07.html (ting Php) 5. Sch "SIP Demystified" 2001-08 by: Gonzalo Camarillo http://rapidshare.com/files/12389875/sipdemystified.rar

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