INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

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WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Wireless
Describes devices and technologies that are not connected by a wire using the electromagnetic waves or radio frequency Transmission of user data without the use of wires Bluetooth Wireless LAN and WAN Satellite Cellular

Wireless communications

Wireless data communications technologies include:

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EVOLUTION OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Analog Heavy, bulky Limited To Voice Call Digital phones Limited data (caller id and paging)

1G
Packet based devices w higher speed Support video conference Streaming internet

2G
Internet protocol based Fully integrated

3G

4G
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EVOLUTION OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

1G

2G
3G

Global system for Mobile Communication (GSM) General Packet Radio Services (GPRS)

4G

Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) 3G Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA)/Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) 3G Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA2000) High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)

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1G
VOICE QUALITY DATA COMMUNICATION SPECTRUM USAGE COMMUNICATION SAFETY

2G OK ~115K 5~6X OK

3G GOOD ~2M 10~20X GOOD

OK N/A X WEAK

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SPECTRUM BAND OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF WC

ADVANTAGES:

Mobility

Freedom to move about without being tethered by wires Permits many industries to shift toward an increasingly mobile workforce Gives team-based workers the ability to access the network resources Installing network cabling in older buildings can be a difficult, slow, and costly task Makes it easier for any office to be modified with new cubicles or furniture Network cable failures may be the most common source of network problems In the event of a disaster, managers can quickly relocate the office

Easier and less expensive installation

Increased reliability

Disaster recovery

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DISADVANTAGES:

Radio signal interference

The potential for two types of signal interference exists

Security

It is possible for an intruder to be lurking outdoors with a notebook computer and wireless NIC

With the intent of intercepting the signals from a nearby wireless network

Health risks

High levels of RF can produce biological damage through heating effects

Wireless devices emit low levels of RF while being used

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ORGANIZATION OF COMMUNICATION STANDARDS

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer(IEEE)

An international non-profit association of professional engineers, provides a forum that engages in the worldwide advancement of all forms of technology that relate to the use of electricity Resolved the issue of competing organizations whose areas of expertise were becoming increasingly intertwined Allow the association to effectively make use of innovations in a number of electrical related field

International Telecommunica tion Union

Allocate global radio spectrum and satellite orbits Develop the technical standards that ensure networks and technologies seamlessly interconnect Strive to improve access to ICTs to underserved communities worldwide.

Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC)

Implement and enforce the provisions of the communications and multimedia law Supervise and monitor communications and multimedia activities Encourage and promote the development of the communications and multimedia industry Promote and maintain the integrity of all persons licenced or otherwise authorised under the communications and multimedia industry

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WC SERVICES FOR LONG RANGE AND SHORT RANGE

LONG RANGE
WIRELESS WIDE AREA NETWORK (WWAN)
way to connect to the Internet without wires, achieved using cellular tower technology. Cellular service companies offer this type of connection for a monthly fee

BROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESS (BWA) 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile stations

AMATEUR RADIO
designated radio frequency spectrum for purposes of private recreation, non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, and emergency communication

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WC SERVICES FOR LONG RANGE AND SHORT RANGE

SHORT RANGE
BLUETOOTH
low-power radio communications -wavelength radio transmissions from 24002480 MHz support simple wireless networking of personal consumer devices and peripherals, including cell phones, PDAs, and wireless headsets. 30 feet (10 meters) at less than 1 Mbps.

ZIGBEE - wireless personal area networks (WPANs) - operating at 868 MHz, 902-928 MHz, and 2.4 GHz. - communicate at speeds of up to 250 Kbps while physically separated by distances of up to 50 meters

RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID)

Small electronic devices with a small chip and an antenna. Transfer data from a tag attached to an object, for the purposes of automatic identification and tracking Capable of carrying 2,000 bytes of data or less. Will work within a few feet up to 20 feet for high-frequency devices

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