EAE-1

C.P.Case van Dam Aircraft Performance and Design 26 September 2011

Outline
Course overview What is aerospace engineering? Historical overview of aeronautics and aerospace

What is Aerospace Engineering?

Broad activities that engineering education strives to introduce What do aerospace engineers do? Where do aerospace engineers work? Desirable attributes of engineers

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING is the application of scientic knowledge to the design, manufacture, and operation of aerospace vehicles

Major Aerospace Engineering Disciplines

Aerodynamics/Fluid Dynamics Performance Stability and Control Structures and Materials Propulsion Orbital Mechanics Satellite Systems Engineering Aircraft/Spacecraft Design

Engineering Education
The following are some of the broad activities that engineering education strives to introduce:
Traditional engineering fundamentals, creative idea generation and problem solving skills, high-technology approaches to engineering complex systems, technical system integration and operation Technical areas of engineering include uid dynamics, structures & materials, instrumentation, stability & control, propulsion & energy conversion, system integration Methodology and experience of analysis, modeling, and synthesis Addressing sociohumanistic problems

What Do Aerospace Engineers Do?

Research - gain new knowledge and solve new problems Development - extend the output of research Conceive - conceptualize technical problems and solutions Design - solve particular technical problem Testing - evaluate performance of the output of r&d or design Manufacturing - produce a nal product Marketing & sales - interact with customers and sell the product Operation & maintenance - keep the product operating Management - coordinate all the above

Where Do Aerospace Engineers Work?

Academia Federal labs/agencies - NASA, DOD, FAA, DOE, EPA, etc. Commercial airpl. - Boeing, Airbus, Bombardier, Embraer, etc. Aerosp. ind. - Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon, etc. Communications industry Software companies Electronics industry Automotive industry Power industry Manufacturing Etc.

Good grasp of engineering fundamentals Good understanding of design and manufacturing Basic of understanding of the context in which engineering is practiced A multidisciplinary perspective Good communication skills High ethical standards Ability to think critically and creatively as well as independently and cooperatively Flexibility - ability and self-condence to adapt to major change Curiosity and lifelong desire to learn Profound understanding of the importance of teamwork

Employers Checklist

Historical overview of aeronautics and aerospace

Flight of Daedalus and Fall of Icarus

Elmer the Flying Monk

1010

Soared off 100-ft tower of Malmesbury Abbey in England. Had homemade wings strapped to his arms and legs. Flew 600 ft before a hard landing opposite to the village pub and broke both his legs.

Ornithopter Design of Leonardo da Vinci, approx. 1490

Montgoler Balloon
Hot air balloon built by Montgoler brothers, 1st ight 4 June 1783

First Manned Flight in a Montgoler Balloon

Pilatre de Rozier & Marquis dArlandes, 1st ight 21 November 1783

Cayleys Model Glider

1804

Cayleys Sketch of Cross Section of Trout

1799-1826

Jules Vernes Vision of an Airship

1886

Otto Lilienthal
Berlin glider ight 1894, killed in glider accident in 1896

Octave Chanute
Chanute-Herring biplane glider, 1896 Strut-wire-braced wing structure, example used by Wright Brothers

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First Controlled Powered Flight

Wright brothers Flyer I (Orville at the controls) in ight at Kitty Hawk, NC on 17 December, 1903

Fokker Dr.1
http://www.michaelp.org/photos/fantasy_of_ight/

First airplane with relatively thick airfoils that allowed for improved aerodynamic performance and cantilever wing structures

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Spirit of St. Louis

Ryan airplane Charles A. Lindbergh ew from New York to Paris on 21-22 May 1927

Knute Rockne Airplane Accident

Bazaar, Kansas, 31 March 1931

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Douglas DC-3
Late 1930s

Hindenburg Disaster
Lakehurst, NJ on 6 May 1937

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Hughes Hercules Spruce Goose

Nov. 2, 1947

Design Example 1

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Conceptual Design Sketch of Voyager

Rutan Voyager
In ight

In NASM

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Design Example 2

Soaring Birds
Ocean - dynamic soaring Land - static soaring

Wandering Albatross

Griffon Vulture

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Aquatic Animals

Marlin

Albacore Tuna

Riblets
Bechert et al (2000) One of the 3-D riblet congurations tested Scale pattern on great white shark

D/Do, %

Conclusion: 3-D riblets (D/Do -7%) produced slightly less drag reduction than the 2-D riblets (D/Do -9%). More carefully designed 3-D n shape may improve this somewhat. s+

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Historical overview of aeronautics and aerospace Continued

Helicopter
Sikorsky VS-300, 1939

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Messerschmitt Me-262
First operational jet propelled airplane, 1944

Bell X-1
Charles E. Chuck Yeager broke sound barrier on 14 October 1947

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V2 Rocket

Sputnik I The First Articial Satellite in Space

Launched: Oct. 4, 1957

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Vostok I The First Human in Space

Astronaut: Yuri Gagarin Launched: Apr 12, 1961

Apollo 11 First Humans on the Moon

July 1969

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Space Shuttle Reusable Earth-to-Orbit Spacecraft

First launch: Apr 12, 1981 Shown: Atlantis STS-71 June 27, 1995

Mars Exploration Rovers

Launched: Spirit 10 June 2003 Opportunity 7 July 2003 Landed: 3 January 2004 24 January 2004

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RR Trend Turbofan on B777-200

Airbus A380
555 passengers, 540,000 lb max TO weight, 0.85 cruise Mach number

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Boeing B787
Source: The Boeing Company

Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor

http://themekgpproject.com/_posted_les_/L.html

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Joint Strike Fighter

Lockheed Martin F-35

Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical Global Hawk

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Lockheed Martin Micro UAV

AW&ST Nov. 9, 1998 Specs of MicroStar Takeoff mass = 86 gr Payload = 18 gr Airframe = 9 gr Energy source = 44.5 gr Electric engine = 13.5 gr Span = 6 in. Endurance = 20 min Range = 3 mi Cruise speed = 30 mph Cruise alt. = 150-200 ft

Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey

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Impact of Aerospace on U.S. Trade Balance

http://www.aia-dev.org/resource_center/economics/chart_gallery/

Conclusions
Aeronautics/aerospace are and will remain critical industries in terms of the U.S. economy Interesting new developments are occurring in aerospace engineering Air transportation will be signicantly inuenced by political and economic decisions:
Reduce emissions Cost of fuel

We at UC Davis are working on transforming aeronautical engineering program into aerospace program Main changescourse in orbital mechanics, and space vehicle design plus space related material in several other courses

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