DGA Methoden Der Zukunft

DGA - Method in the Past and for the Future
Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein
Siemens AG
Page 2
May 2012
Siemens AG Energy Sector
1970 1973 1975 1995

Page 3
Doerenburg introduced the differentiation between electrical and thermal failure mode and introduced ratios for fault gases with similar solubility. Halstead developed the theoretical thermodynamic theory. The ratios are temperature dependent. With increasing the hotspot the amount of gases increases in the order: methane-ethane-ethylene. The evaluation scheme of the modern Gas-in-Oil Analysis is developed by Rogers, Mueller, Schliesing, Soldner (MSS).
Development of In-Line Monitoring

May 2012
Different phenomena in oil take place like: dielectric thermal dynamic chemical ! Gas-in-Oil Analysis (DGA = Dissolved Gas Analysis)
Page 4 May 2012 Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein Siemens AG Energy Sector
Change/Ageing
The measurement of dissolved gases allow the knowledge on
! ! !
Type Complexity Seriousness
of event
Sampling
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May 2012
Sampling Container
! Perfectly cleaned & Dried ! Free from dust & moisture ! Airtight ! Glass or Metal cans, syringes
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May 2012
! Protect sample from direct light ! Avoid moisture & dust contamination ! Use the sampling containers exclusively for transformer oil sampling
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May 2012
1 Handwheel 2 Sealing cap 3 Safety chain 4 Polyamid gasket 5 Nut 6 Drain valve 7 Hose and screw connector 8 Sampling bottle 9 Overflow vessel
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May 2012
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May 2012
Required information concerning oil sample(example)

Requested analysis:
Colour Appearance Neutralisationvalue Breakdownvoltage Water content Loss factor at50Hz Interfacial tension PCB-content Furananalysis (DGA) Gas-in-oil-analysis ISO 2049 IEC 60422 IEC 62021-1 IEC 60156 IEC 60814 IEC 60247 ISO 6295 EN 12766-2 IEC 61198 IEC 60567
Please fill in the following data:

Manufacturer: Customer: Location: Year ofmanufacture: Type: Power: Rating: Sampletaken from: Tank: conservator OLTC Bushing Others: Reason for sampletaking: Dateofoperationfault: Dateofrepair : Dateofoil treatment/reclaiming Routinecheckup: Further informations andprevious history: Oil samplevalve Top Transformer OLTC tank FTNR (ManufacturingNo.): WNR (Order No.): SampleNo.: Datesampletaken.: Typeofoil Quantity ofoil: Oiltemperaturein thesampletaken: Oil drainagedevice A 22/31/40DIN 42551 Middle OLTC Others Bottom Bushing
Sampletaker: Date Lab information: Consecutiveno.: Datesamplereceived: Datesampleanalysed: Typeofsamplecontainer: Nameinblock letters Company/Department specialfeatures: Phone
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May 2012
Extraction of Gases from the Oil
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May 2012
DGA. Toepler Pump
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May 2012
DGA. Partial Degassing
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May 2012
DGA. Headspace at Ambient Temperature
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May 2012
DGA. Headspace at 70C
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May 2012
Gaschromatographic Analysis
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May 2012
Gaschromatographic Analysis
Sample injection
Detector
Carrier Gas
Detector gas
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May 2012
Failures which can be identified by DGA
! Partial discharges ! Electrical discharges ! Charcoal coating of contacts ! Accelerated cellulosic degradation ! Local overheating ! Untightness of OLTC tank ! Catalytic reactions of materials ! Additional information from BHR gas
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May 2012
Failures which can not be identified by DGA
! Incipient Failures ! Long lasting temperatures < 150 C
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May 2012
Interpretation Schemes
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May 2012
Duvals Triangle
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May 2012
Patterns
Electrical Discharges Thermal Problem Partial Discharges
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May 2012
MSS Scheme
Ratio ranges [C2H2] [C2H6] 0 1 1 2 2 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 Ratio numbers [H2] [C2H4] [C2H4] [CH4] [C2H6] [C3H6] 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 3 Number sequences 0 0 0 1 1 2/3 2 1 2/3 3 0 n.i. 3 0 n.i. 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 2/3 1 1 2 3 1 2
<0.3 0.3 to < 1.0 1.0 to < 3.0 3.0 to < 10.0 ! 10.0 Diagnosis Normal ageing of insultans Discharge of high energy Discharge of low energy Partial discharge with high energy Partial discharge with low energy Local overheating up to 300 C Local overheating from 300 C to 1000 C Local overheating over 1000 C Local overheating and discharge Local overheating and partial discharge
n.i. = not indicative
[CO2] [CO] 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 2
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May 2012
IEC Scheme
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May 2012
In case of quotient information it must be clear, that quotients are only representative, if following values of the fault gases (in ppm) are exceeded: C2 H 2 H2 " [CXHY] x=1;2;3 CO CO2 !1 ! 15 ! 50 ! 80 ! 200
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May 2012
DGA Example thermal Problem MSS-Code

Fault gas Hydrogen Methane Ethane Ethylene Acetylene Propane Propylene Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Oxygen Nitrogen
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00120
ppm H2 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H2 C3H8 C3H6 CO CO2 O2 N2
May 2012
1967 8008 2013 8323 57 401 4824 253 1903 18222 61662
Ivanka Atanasova-Hhlein Siemens AG Energy Sector
MSS-Code
Page 28
00120
May 2012
Manufacturing year 1970 360 MVA Carbon deposits on PLTC Contacts
537 1041 295 1726 25 83 1012 1047 6158 11805 58084

Gas-in-Oil Analysis Turn-to-Turn Fa MSS-Code

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21121
May 2012
4973 1758 243 2813 8236 58 1320 1196 2431 6743 44120
DGA Thermal Problem with Partial Discharges MSS-Code

Fault gas Hydrogen Methane Ethane Ethylene Acetylene Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide H2 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H2 CO CO2
00101
ppm 1060 2481 703 2187 4 450 995
Manufacturing year 1991 234 MVA, 330 kV Defective welding joint
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May 2012
DGA Catalytical Effects MSS-Code

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?3??0
May 2012
Manufacturing year 1977 Closed type Color 0,5 / Acidity 0,01
488 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 67 222 5180 23700

DGA Untight OLTC MSS-Code

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22122
May 2012
128 25 5 81 288 5 50 143 1920 24600 52000

DGA Diagnostic Importance in Service
Ratios
Gas increase rates
Absolute Values
Trend
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May 2012
Absolute Values
IEC 60599 (VDE 0370-7)

C2H2 All transformers H2 50 " 150 2 " 20 60 " 280
CH4 30 " 130
C2H4 60 " 280
C2H6 20 " 90
CO 400 " 600
CO2 2800 " 14000
No OLTC
Communicating OLTC
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May 2012
Ratios
a) Eliminates the effect of the oil volume b) Eliminates some effects of sampling c) Especially interesting is the ratio formation for fault gases which exhibit similar solubilities, but their development is temperature dependent e. g. the thermodynamic considerations of Halstead.
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May 2012
Thermodynamcal considerations of Halstead
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May 2012
Gas Increase Rates information on seriousness of failure
C2H2 All 0,01 transformers
H2 0,36
CH4 0,33
C2H4 C2H6 0,40 0,25
CO 2,9
CO2 27
! 90% gas increase source: Cigre TF11 in ppm/day

Gas increase rates are temperature and volume dependent
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May 2012
Trend Analysis
Development of the Fault Gases After Two Months of On-Line Monitoring
600 100 90 80 70 60
ppm H 2, CO,CH 4, C2 H4, C2 H6, top oil (C)
500
400
Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen Methane Carbon Monoxide Ethane Ethylene top oil temp C
ppm CO 2
300
50 40
200 30 20 100 10 0 1.7.08 11.7.08 21.7.08 31.7.08 10.8.08 20.8.08 30.8.08 Sa m pling da te 0 9.9.08
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Trend Analysis
40
35 5 30
25
Ratio C 2H 4/C 2H 6, CH 4 /H2
top oil (C)
Top
20
C2H
CH
15 2 10 1
35 5 30
40
0
25
0 11.7.08
Top oil Temperature (C) C2H4/C2H6 CH4/H2
Ratio C 2H 4/C 2H 6, CH 4 /H2
1.7.08
21.7.08
31.7.08
10.8.08
20.8.08
30.8.08
9.9.08
top oil (C)
Sa m pling da te
20
15 2 10
! Trendanalysis is important not only with absolute values, but also with the ratios.
1 5 0 0 1.7.08 11.7.08 21.7.08 31.7.08 10.8.08 20.8.08 30.8.08 9.9.08 Sa m pling da te
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May 2012
On-Line Monitoring
# Early failure recognition # Diagnosis is only possible with the sofisticated types where IEC ratios can be built Cigre TF 15 DGA did a comparison between On-Line monitoring systems and Off-Line analyses. The brochure is on the way. Evaluated are: " Precision " Longterm stability " Repeatability In case of " Routine concentrations, d.h. 5 * Detection Limit " Low Concentrations, d. h. 2-5*Detection Limit
Recommendation of Cigre A2.27 for On-LineMonitoring
# Necessary in case a problem has been identified # Often, however, difficult to maintain # Interfaces can lead to problems # Able to deliver important information in a short time # Does not automatically lead to higher reliability
Page 41
May 2012
What can be measured on-line:
! Temperature ! Current, Voltage ! OLTC ! Oil level ! Gas-in-l Analysis ! Humidity in oil ! Bushings ! Acoustic Signals ! Magnetic Circuit ! Coolers
More Data does not mean automatically more Information Data Explosion1) (Total Exabytes)
200 150 100 50 0 2002
1) Exa = 1016 = 10 Mil of Billions
2003
May 2012
2004
2005
2006
2007
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Transformer Failure Rate
$ Failure rate
Failure at Comissioning
Failure because of aging
Constant failure rate
Aging / years %
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May 2012
Future Developments
# Further development of the On-Line analysis with decision criteria # Gas-in-oil analysis in OLTC # Gas-in-oil analysis in alternative insulation fluids and high temperature insulating materials
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May 2012
Thank you for your attention!
Siemens AG

DGA Methoden Der Zukunft

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DGA - Method in the Past and for the Future

Siemens AG Energy Sector

1970 1973 1975 1995

Development of In-Line Monitoring

The measurement of dissolved gases allow the knowledge on

Type Complexity Seriousness

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Required information concerning oil sample(example)

Please fill in the following data:

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Extraction of Gases from the Oil

Siemens AG Energy Sector

DGA. Toepler Pump

Siemens AG Energy Sector

DGA. Partial Degassing

Siemens AG Energy Sector

DGA. Headspace at Ambient Temperature

Siemens AG Energy Sector

DGA. Headspace at 70C

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Failures which can be identified by DGA

Failures which can not be identified by DGA

! Incipient Failures ! Long lasting temperatures < 150 C

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Siemens AG Energy Sector

DGA Example thermal Problem MSS-Code

Manufacturing year 1970 360 MVA Carbon deposits on PLTC Contacts

537 1041 295 1726 25 83 1012 1047 6158 11805 58084

Gas-in-Oil Analysis Turn-to-Turn Fa MSS-Code

DGA Thermal Problem with Partial Discharges MSS-Code

Manufacturing year 1991 234 MVA, 330 kV Defective welding joint

Siemens AG Energy Sector

DGA Catalytical Effects MSS-Code

Manufacturing year 1977 Closed type Color 0,5 / Acidity 0,01

488 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 67 222 5180 23700

DGA Untight OLTC MSS-Code

128 25 5 81 288 5 50 143 1920 24600 52000

DGA Diagnostic Importance in Service

Gas increase rates

Siemens AG Energy Sector

IEC 60599 (VDE 0370-7)

CH4 30 " 130

C2H4 60 " 280

CO 400 " 600

CO2 2800 " 14000

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Thermodynamcal considerations of Halstead

Siemens AG Energy Sector

Gas Increase Rates information on seriousness of failure

C2H2 All 0,01 transformers

C2H4 C2H6 0,40 0,25

! 90% gas increase source: Cigre TF11 in ppm/day

Siemens AG Energy Sector