1ST-2ND SLIDE COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION A method of construction that is used in a variety of engineering and building applications Employing dissimilar

lar components, such as concrete and steel or fiberglass and foam, for a single use or structure is called composite construction The goal of composite construction is the unification of the individual component properties to create a composite material that possesses the desired properties of all component pieces Aircraft, watercraft and building construction are the three most common examples of industries that rely on composite construction techniques.

3RD SLIDE STEEL AND CONCRETE These two materials complete one another: Concrete is efficient in compression and steel in tension Concrete encasement restrain steel against buckling Protection against corrosion and fire Steel bring ductility into the structure

4TH SLIDE CONSTRUCTION METHODS Traditionally two counteracting methods of construction could be observed both connected with special advantages but also disadvantages worth mentioning. CONVETIONAL CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION METHOD ADVANTAGE Freedom of form and shapes Easy to handle Thermal resistance DISADVANTAGE Time-consuming shuttering Sensitive on tensile forces

5TH SLIDE CONSTRUCTION IN STEEL ADVANTAGE High ratio between bearing capacity and weight Prefabrication High accuracy DISADVANTAGE Low fire resistance Need of higher educated personal

6TH SLIDE COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION ADVANTAGE Higher bearing capacity Higher stiffness Plastic redistribution DISADVANTAGE

7TH SLIDE CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS

8TH SLIDE COMPOSITE SLABS Reinforced concrete slab

9TH SLIDE SLABS Pre-stressed concrete slabs

10TH SLIDE SLABS Profile steel sheeting Interlocking between steel and concrete

11TH SLIDE BEAMS Conventional and innovative composite beams

Types of shear connectors

12TH SLIDE COLUMNS Examples of composite columns

13TH SLIDE JOINTS Example of vertical shear transfer between beam and column

14TH SLIDE EXAMPLES 1. Millennium Tower (Vienna, Austria) 55 storeys Total height: 202 meters Total ground floor: 38000 m2 Capital expenditure about145 million Euro Time oferection:8months

15TH SLIDE Maximum speed 2 to 2.5 storeys per week.

16TH SLIDE 2. Citibank Duisburg (Duisburg, Germany) 15 storeys Total height: 72 meters Total ground floor: 14500 m2

17TH SLIDE 3. Parking Deck DEZ (Innsbruck, Austria) 4 storeys Ground dimensions 60 x 30 meters Maximum span length 10.58 meters with 26 centimeters slim floor slabs

18TH SLIDE Erection of composite columns over 2 storeys Assembly of prefabricated concrete slabs

19TH SLIDE Cross section of the slim floor beam and slab 200 mm concrete slab 60 mm prefabricated concrete elements Steel beam: web 165/20 mm Flange 245/40 mm Headed studs: 22 mm

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20TH SLIDE Composite construction is popular for buildings because of following aspects: Economy Architecture Functionality Service and building flexibility Assembly