thi vo khi THPT Chuyn ha HKHTN HQG H

Ni nm 2005
Thi gian :150pht (khng k thi gian pht )
Cu I. Trong phng th nghim c 7 bnh thu tinh khng mu b
mt nhn, mi bnh ng mt cht kh hoc mt cht lng sau y :
metan, etilen, benzen, kh cacbonic, kh sunfur, ru etylic, axit axetic.
Ch c dng thm nc, nc vi trong, nc brom, vi ; hy cho bit phng php nhn ra tng cht. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca phn
ng (nu c).
Cu II. Cc hp cht hu c A, B, C, D (cha cc nguyn t C, H, O),
trong khi lng mol ca A bng 180 g. Cho A tc dng vi oxit kim loi
R2O trong dung dch NH3 to ra kim loi R. Cho A chuyn ho theo s
:
(1)

(2)

+B
(3)

A B C D
Hy chn cc cht thch hp vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca
phn ng.
Cu III. C mt loi oleum X trong SO3 chim 71% theo khi lng.
Ly a g X ho tan vo b g dung dch H 2SO4 c% c dung dch Y c
nng d%. Lp biu thc tnh d theo a, b, c.
Cu IV. E l oxit kim loi M, trong oxi chim 20% khi lng. Cho
dng kh CO (thiu) i qua ng s cha x g cht E t nng. Sau phn
ng khi lng cht rn cn li trong ng s l y g. Ho tan ht y g ny
vo lng d dung dch HNO3 long, thu c dung dch F v kh NO duy
nht bay ra. C cn dung dch F thu c 3,7x g mui G. Gi thit hiu
sut cc phn ng l 100%.
Xc nh cng thc ca E, G. Tnh th tch NO (ktc) theo x, y.
Cu V. Cho hn hp Z gm hai cht hu c L, M tc dng va vi
dung dch cha 4 g NaOH to ra hn hp hai mui R 1COONa, R2COONa
v mt ru R'OH (Trong R1, R2, R' ch cha cacbon, hyro, R2 = R1
+ 14). Tch ly ton b ru ri cho tc dng ht vi Na, thu c 1,12 lit
H2 (ktc).
Mt khc, cho 5,14 g Z tc dng vi mt lng va NaOH thu c
4,24 g mui ; cn t chy ht 15,42 g Z cn dng 21,168 lit O2
(ktc) to c 11,34 g H2O.

Xc nh cng thc cc cht L, M v % khi lng ca chng trong hn

hp Z.
Cu VI. Cho 2,8 lit hn hp kh (ktc) gm hai anken c khi lng
mol hn km nhau 14 g tc dng vi H 2O, ri tch ly ton b ru to
thnh. Chia hn hp ru thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng
ht vi Na to 420 ml H2 (ktc). t chy hon ton phn 2 thu c CO2
v H2O, trong khi lng CO2 nhiu hn khi lng H2O l 1,925 g.
1. Tm cng thc ca cc anken v ru.
2. Bit rng 1 lit hn hp anken ban u nng gp 18,2 ln 1 lit H 2
o cng iu kin, tnh hiu sut phn ng hp nc ca mi anken.
Cho: H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24;
Al = 27; S = 32; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Ag = 108; Ba = 137.
Hc sinh khng c dng bt k ti liu no khc.

Hng dn gii
Cu I. Phn bit cc cht lng :
- Cht khng tan trong nc, ni ln mt nc l C6H6.
- 2 cht tan cho tc dng vi CaCO3, cht phn ng to ra kh l
CH3COOH. Cht khng phn ng l C2H5OH.
Phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng :
2CH3COOH + CaCO3 (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O.
Phn bit cc cht kh :
- Hai cht to kt ta vi Ca(OH) 2 l CO2 v SO2. Phng trnh phn
ng :
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O ;
SO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO3 + H2O
Cho hai kh ny tc dng vi nc brom, cht lm mt mu l SO 2, cht
khng lm mt mu l CO2.
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4
- Cho hai kh khng to kt ta vi Ca(OH)2 tc dng vi nc brom, cht
lm mt mu l C2H4, cht khng lm mt mu l CH4.
C2H4 + Br2

C2H4Br2

Cu II. Cht A l cht glucoz C6H12O6, M = 180. Oxit l Ag2O.

Cc phn ng : C6H12O6 + Ag2O C6H12O7 + 2Ag

(1)
men r u
B l C2H5OH : C6H12O6
2CH3CH2OH + 2 CO2
(2)
men gim CH COOH+H O
C l CH3COOH : CH3CH2OH + O2
3
2

H2SO4, t
D l este: CH3COOH+ CH3CH2OH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

(3)
(4)

Cu III. t cng thc oleum l H2SO4.nSO3, ta c

%SO3 =

80n
.100 = 71 n = 3
98+ 80n

H2SO4.3SO3 + 3H2O 4H2SO4

338

4.98

S g dung dch mi = a + b
bc 4.98a
bc 196a
+
+
bc 4.98a d = 100 338 100
100
169 100
d=
H 2 SO 4 =
+
a+b
a+b
100 338
S g
hay
Cu IV. t oxit l M2On ta c % Oxi =

16n
100 = 20 M = 32n
2M + 16n

Thy n = 2, M = 64 tho mn. Vy oxit l CuO.

Cu + CO2

CuO + CO
(1)

Ho tan cht rn vo HNO3 :

CuO + 2HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 +
3Cu + 8HNO3
Theo (1): n Cu =
Vy VNo =22,4.

H 2O

3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O

(2)
(3)

x y
2
2 xy
. Theo (3): n NO = n Cu =
16
3
3 16

2 x y 2,8
14
=
( x y) hay 0,93 ( x y) hay ( x y)
3 16
3
15

Theo (1,2,3) khi c cn dung dch thu c Cu(NO3)2. S mol Cu(NO3)2

bng s mol CuO ban u = x/80.
m

Cu(NO 3 ) 2

= 188

x
= 2,35x < 3,7 x bi cho.
80

Vy mui l mui ngm nc: Cu(NO3)2. nH2O

S g mui = (188 + 18n)

Cu(NO3)2.6H2O

x
= 3,7x n = 6 Cng thc :
80

= (188 + 18n)

x
= 3,7 x n = 6
80

Cu(NO3 ) 2 6 H 2O

Cu V. Hn hp Z c th l 1 axit RCOOH v 1 este R''COOR' hoc

gm 2 este c cng thc trung bnh l R COOR'.
RCOOH + NaOH
R''COOR' + NaOH

RCOONa + H2O

(1)

R''COONa + R'OH

(2)

hoc : R COOR' + NaOH R COONa + R'OH

(3)

Nu l hn hp 1 axit, 1 este th theo (1) (2) s mol ru < s mol

NaOH.
Nu Z gm 2 este th theo (3) s mol ru = s mol NaOH.
2R'OH + 2Na 2R'ONa + H2
nH2 = 0,05, nROH = 0,1 ; nNaOH =

4
= 0,1 Z gm 2 este.
40

+ p dng LBTKL cho phn ng chy:

m CO2 = m z + m O 2 m H 2O = 15,42 + 32

21,168
11,34 = 34,32
22,4

Vy:
m C = 12.34,32 : 44

= 9,36

m H = 2.11,34 :18
=1,26 n Z = n O2 = 4,8:32 = 0,15
m O = 15,42 9,36 1,26 = 4,8
Suy ra nZ trong 5,14 g = 0,15 : 3 = 0,05
+ Theo (3) nZ = nNaOH = nRCOONa = n

RCOONa

= nR'OH = 0,05

Suy ra mRCOONa = 4,24 : 0,05 = 84,8 R = 17,8

Vy 2 mui l CH3COONa v C2H5COONa.
p dng LBTKL cho phn ng (3) ta c :
S g ru = 5,14 + 0,05.40 - 4,24 = 2,9 Mru = 58
Suy ra R' l C3H5. Cc este L, M l CH3COOC3H5 v C2H5COOC3H5

t s mol CH3COOC3H5 v C2H5COOC3H5 trong 5,14 g Z l x,y theo

bi ra ta c h phng trnh :
100.0,04
x+y=0,05
x=0,04
.100% =77,82

%CH3COOC3H5 =

5,14
100x+114y=5,14 y=0,01
%C2H5COOC3H5=

114.0,01
.100% = 22,18%
5,14

Cu VI. t cng thc 2 anken l CnH2n

CnH2n + H2O CnH2n+1OH
Phn 1 :
CnH2n+1OH

(1)

+ 2Na CnH2n+1ONa + H2

0,0375
Phn 2 :

(2)

0,01875

CnH2n+1OH + 3n O2 n CO2 + ( n +1)H2O

2
0,0375
0,0375 n 0,0375( n +1)

(3)

n = 2,67

Ta c : 44.0375 n - 18.0,0375 ( n +1) = 1,925

V hai anken c khi lng mol hn km nhau 14 g, vy 2 anken l

C2H4 v C3H6. Suy ra cc ru l C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
2) Tng s mol anken = 2,8:22,4 = 0,125.
t s mol C2H4 v C3H6 l a v b, theo bi ra c h phng trnh :
a +b =0,125

28a +42b =2.18,2.0,125 =4,55

(I)
(II)

a = 0,05; b = 0,075
- t s mol C2H5OH v C3H7OH to ra l x, y:
C2H5OH + 3O2

2CO2 + 3H2O

0,5x

C3H7OH + 4,5O2

3CO2 + 4H2O

0,5y

(4)

1,5x

1,5y

(5)

2y

Theo bi ra ta c h phng trnh :

(III)
x +y =0,0375.2

44(x +1,5y) - 18(1,5x +2y) =1,925 (IV)

x = 0,025 ;

y = 0,05 Hiu sut ca C2H4 = 50%, C3H6 = 66,67%