thi vo khi THPT Chuyn ha Trng HTH H Ni Nm Thi gian :150pht (khng k thi gian pht )

Cu I : Cho s bin ha sau :

CaCO3

t0

+B A C

+D +F E

CaCO3

+X +Y +Z Q R

CaCO3

Hy tm cc cht thch hp ng vi cc ch ci A, B, C... Y, Z, bit rng chng l nhng cht khc nhau. Vit cc PTHH ca s trn. Cu II 1. T cc nguyn liu ban u l qung st pyrit, mui n, khng kh, nc, cc thit b v cc cht xc tc cn thit c th iu ch c FeSO4, Fe(OH)3, NaHSO4 . Vit cc PTHH iu ch cc cht . 2. Mt hn hp kh gm CO, CO2, SO2, SO3. Cn dng cc phn ng ha hc no nhn ra tng cht c mt trong hn hp ? Cu III 1. Vit CTCT dng mch h (thng v nhnh) v dng mch vng ca cc hp cht c chung cng thc C5H10. 2. Cho hn hp gm kh clo, etilen v metan vo mt ng nghim, sau em p ngc ng vo mt chu nc mui (trong c sn mt mu giy qu tm) ri a ra nh sng khuych tn. Vit cc PTHH v gii thch cc hin tng xy ra. Cu IV: Cho 13,44 g ng kim loi vo mt cc ng 500 ml dung dch AgNO3 3M, khuy u hn hp mt thi gian, sau em lc, thu c 22,56 gcht rn v dung dch B. 1. Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch B. Gi thit th tch ca dung dch khng thay i. 2. Nhng mt thanh kim loi R nng 15 g vo dung dch B, khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton, sau ly thanh R ra khi dung dch, cn c 17,205 g. Gi s tt c cc kim loi tch ra u bm vo thanh R. Hi R l cc kim loi no trong s cc kim loi sau : Na = 23, Mg = 24, Al = 27, Fe = 56, Ni = 59, Cu = 64, Zn = 65, Ag = 108, Pb = 207. Cu V : Cht bo B c cng thc (CnH2n+1COOH)3C3H5. un nng 16,12 g B vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH 0,4M ti khi phn ng x phng ha xy ra hon ton, ta thu c dung dch X. trung ha lng NaOH d trong 1/10 dung dch X cn 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,02M. 1. Hi khi x phng ha 1 kg cht bo B tiu tn bao nhiu g NaOH v thu c bao nhiu g glixerin ?

2. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca axit to thnh cht bo B. Cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23.

hng dn gii
Cu I : A : CaO, B : H2O, C : Ca(OH)2, D : HCl, P : CO2, X : NaOH d , Q: NaHCO3, Y: KOH, Cc PTHH biu din dy bin ha:
t cao 1. CaCO3
0

E : CaCl2, F : K2CO3, R: NaKCO3, Z : Ca(NO3)2

CaO + CO2

2. CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 3. Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O

4. CaCl2 + K2CO3 CaCO3 + 2KCl

5. CO2 + NaOH d NaHCO3 6. NaHCO3 + KOH NaKCO3 + H2O

7. NaKCO 3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + NaCl + KCl

Cu II 1. iu ch cc cht i t qung st pyrit, mui n, khng kh v nc. Nung pyrit trong khng kh iu ch Fe2O3 v SO2.
t 4FeS2 + 11O2
0

2Fe2O3 + 8SO2

in phn dung dch mui n (NaCl) c mng xp ngn iu ch NaOH, H 2 v Cl2.

n ph c MN i n 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2

iu

ch st :

t cao Fe2O3 + H2 2Fe + 3H2O

2 5

iu ch H2SO4 : 2SO2 + O2 SO3 + H2O iu ch FeSO4: iu ch Fe(OH)3 : Cch 1: 2Fe + 3Cl2

VO

2SO3 H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2

Fe + H2SO4 (long)

3FeCl3

FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl Cch 2 : FeSO4 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4. 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3 iu ch NaHSO4: H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O 2. Cho hn hp cc kh CO, CO2, SO2, SO3 u tin qua bnh ng lng d dung dch BaCl2 pha trong dung dch HCl d, nu c kt ta trng khng tan trong axit chng t c mt ion SO2 : 4

SO3 + H2O + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2HCl trng Kh i ra khi bnh cho i tip qua bnh ng lng d dung dch nc brom, ch c mt mnh SO2 b gi li phn ng lm nht mu nc brom: SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O nu 2HBr + H2SO4 khng mu

Hn hp CO v CO2 i ra khi bnh nc brom cho i qua bnh ng lng d nc vi trong CO2 b gi li, lm vn c nc vi do CaCO3 kt ta. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 d CaCO3 + H2O Cui cng cn li CO cho qua ng thy tinh chu nhit, ng lng d CuO mu en, nung nng, CO phn ng to thnh Cu mu . CuO Cu III 1. Cng thc cu to dng mch h cc hirocacbon c chung CTPT C5H10: CH2 = CHCH2CH2CH3 ; CH3CH = CHCH2CH3 CH2 = CCH2CH3 CH3 ; CH3C=CHCH3 ; CH3 CH3CHC=CH2
t + CO
0

Cu + CO2

CTCT cc cht dng mch vng HS t vit 2. Hin tng xy ra: Mu vng lc ca kh clo trong ng nghim nht dn, nc dng ln ng nghim, dung dch c mu do phn ng ca qu tm vi axit (HCl). Cc PTHH xy ra :
ASKT CH4 + Cl2

CH3Cl + HCl

(C th xy ra phn ng th 2 nguyn t H, 3 nguyn t H v c 4 nguyn t H). H2C = CH2 + Cl2 Cu IV 1. S mol Cu : nCu = 13,44 : 64 = 0,21 (mol) nAgNO3 = 0,5. 0,3 = 0,15 (mol) Cc PTHH xy ra : Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag (1) ClH2CCH2Cl

t s mol Cu phn ng (1) l x. Cht rn A gm Ag to thnh trong (1) v Cu d : 13,44 - 64x + 108. 2x = 22,56 (2) Gii phng trnh (2), ta c x = 0,06. V vy, dung dch B c Cu(NO3)2 vi s mol l 0,06 v AgNO 3 vi s mol cn li l: 0,15 - 0,06 . 2 = 0,03 mol. Do nng cc cht trong dung dch B : CCu(NO3)2 = 0,06 : 0,5 = 0,12 (mol/lit)

CAgNO3

= 0,03 : 0,5 = 0,6 (mol/lit)

2. Cc PTHH xy ra khi nhng thanh kim loi R vo dung dch B phn ng xy ra hon ton : R + nAgNO3 R(NO3)n + nAg 2R + nCu(NO3)2 2R(NO3)n + nCu (3) (4)

Theo u bi ton b lng AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 u phn ng ht, nn theo cc PTHH (3) v (4), s mol kim loi R phn ng tan vo dung dch l : 0,03 0,06.2 0,15 + = n n n Theo u bi v cc PTHH trn, ta c : 15 0,15 .R + 108.0,03 + 64.0,06 = 17,205 n

Sau khi gii phng trnh (5), ta c: R = 32,5n n R 5 Vy, kim loi R l Zn (phn ng theo ha tr II) Cu V. PTHH x phng ha cht bo : (CnH2n+1COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3CnH2n+1COONa + C3H5(OH)3 S mol NaOH tham gia phn ng x phng ha trn l : 0,25 . 0,4 - (10 . 0,2 . 0,02) = 0,06 (mol) Khi lng ca cht bo: (14n + 45).3 + 41 = 42n + 176 Theo PTHH trn, ta c : 16,12 0,06 = = 0,02 42n + 176 3 1 32, 2 65 3 97,5

Sau khi gii phng trnh trn ta c n = 15 CTPT ca axit bo l C15H31COOH : Axit panmitic. Theo u bi v tnh ton thy phn 16,12 g cht bo cn 0,06.40 = 2,4 g NaOH. x phng ha 1 kg cht bo cn NaOH. Lng glixerin thu c : 2,4 = 0,14888 kg NaOH hay 148,88 g 16,12

92.0,06 = 0,11414 kg hay 114,14 g. 3.16,12