thi vo khi THPT Chuyn ha HKHTN HQG H Ni nm 2001 Thi gian :150pht(khng k thi gian pht )

Cu I. Hy chn cc hp cht thch hp hon chnh cc phng trnh ho hc di y : 1. X1 + X2 Br2 + MnBr2 + H2O 2. X3+ X4 + X5 3. A1 + A2
0

HCl + H2SO4

t SO2 + H2O

4. B1 +B2 NH3 + Ca(NO3)2 + H2O 5. Ca(X)2 + Ca(Y)2 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O 6. D1 + D2 + D3

0

Cl2+ MnSO4 + K2SO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O

t 7. Fe2O3 + hiro

8. CxHy (COOH)2 + O2
0

CO2 + H2O

P cao, t cao 9. NH3 + CO2 E1 + E2

10. CrO3 + KOH F1 + F2 ( Bit CrO3 l oxit axit) 11. KHCO3 + Ca(OH2) (d) G1 + G2 + G3 12. Al2O3 + KHSO4 L1+ L2 + L3 Cu II. 1. i t cc cht u l vi, than v c dng thm cc cht v c cn thit, hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch ra polivinyl clorua ; icloetan (CH2Cl - CH2Cl). 2. Hirocacbon A c khi lng phn t bng 68 vC. A phn ng hon ton vi H2 to ra B. C A v B u c mch cacbon phn nhnh. Vit cng thc cu to cc cht. Trong s cc cht A , cht no dng iu ch cao su ? Vit phng trnh phn ng. Cu III. Ho tan hon ton a g kim loi M c ho tr khng i vo b g dung dch HCl c dung dch D. Thm 240 g dung dch NaHCO 3 7% vo D th va tc dng ht vi lng HCl cn d, thu c dung dch E trong nng phn trm ca NaCl v mui clorua kim loi M tng ng l 2,5% v 8,12%. Thm tip lng d dung dch NaOH vo E, sau lc ly kt ta, ri nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 16 g cht rn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Xc nh kim loi M v nng phn trm ca dung dch HCl dng. Cu IV. Nung 25,28 g hn hp FeCO3 v FexOy d ti phn ng hon ton, thu c kh A v 22,4 g Fe2O3 duy nht. Cho kh A hp th hon ton vo 400 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,15M thu c 7,88 g kt ta. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

2. Tm cng thc phn t ca FexOy. Cu V. t chy hon ton mt hn hp gm nhng lng bng nhau v s mol ca 2 hirocacbon c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t, thu c 3,52 g CO2 v 1,62 g H2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to ca hirocacbon. Cu VI. Hp cht hu c P c cha C, H, O. C 0,37 g hi cht P th chim th tch bng th tch 0,16 g oxi o cng mt iu kin. Cho 2,22 g cht P vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (d =1,0262 g/ml), sau nng nhit t t cho bay hi n kh, lm lnh phn hi cho ngng t ht. Sau th nghim, thu c cht rn Q khan v 100 g cht lng. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca P. Cho : H = 1 ; C= 12 ; O = 16 ; Cl = 35,5; Na = 23 ; Mg = 24 ; Al = 27 ; Ca = 40 ; Fe = 56 ; Ag = 108 ; Ba = 137.

Hng dn gii
Cu I. Hon chnh cc phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng : 1. MnO2 + HBr (c) 2. SO2 + Cl2 + H2O 3. H2S + O2 4. NH4NO3 + Ca(OH)2 5. Ca(H2PO4)2 + Ca(OH)2 6. KMnO4 + NaCl + H2SO4 (c) 7. Fe2O3 + H2 hoc Fe3O4 + H2

8. 4CxH2x(COOH)2 + (4x+y+6)O2 4(x+2)CO2 + 2(y+2) + H2O P cao, t0 cao 9. 2NH3 + CO2 (H2N)2CO + H2O

10. CrO3 + 2KOH K2CrO4 + H2O 11. KHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 d CaCO3 + KOH + H2O 12. Al2O3 + 6KHSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3K2SO4 + 3H2O.
H2O t cao t Cu II. 1. CaCO3 CaO CaC2 C2H2
0 0

CH CH HCl CH2=CHCl T , P (CH2CHCl)n P. V. C

Cl2 H 2 ,Pd,t CH CH CH2 = CH2
0

CH2Cl CH2Cl

2. Hirocacbon A c dng CxHy. Theo gi thit : 12x + y = 68 vi y < 2x+2 x = 5, y = 8 C5H8 Hiro ho hon ton A to ra B cng thc B : C5H12. Cu to B : c 3 cng thc cu to (1 thng, 1 nhnh iso, 1 nhnh ch thp)

Cu to A : C 9 cng thc cu to gm 3 cht c 1 lin kt ba, 6 cht c 2 lin kt i. Trong cc cht A, cht c cu to CH2 = C(CH)3 CH = CH2 dng iu ch cao su :
t, p nCH2 = C CH = CH2 (CH2 C = CH CH2)n

CH3 Cu III. Gi ho tr M = x , s mol NaHCO3 = 0,2. 2M + 2xHCl 2MClx + xH2 NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O 0,2 0,2

CH3

Theo phng trnh, lng NaCl =11,7 g. T 2 nng % suy ra : Lng dung dch E = 468 g v lng MClx = 38 g.

Vit tip cc phng trnh MClx M(OH)x M2Ox (16 g). Nhn thy : 2MClx M2Ox cho s mol M2Ox = 38 16 0,4 = (mol). x 71x 16 x

Suy ra : M = 12 tho mn x = 2 M = 24 l Mg. Lng dung dch HCl = lng dung dch E +lng H2+lng CO2 lng dung dch NaHCO3 lng M. Thay s (s mol M = 0,4 ; s mol H 2 = 0,4 ; s mol CO2 = 0,2) lng dung dch HCl (b) = 228 g. Theo phng trnh, s mol HCl = 0,2+0,8 = 1mol ~ 36,5g ~ 16%. Cu IV. S mol Fe2O3 = 0,14 ; Ba(OH)2 = 0,06 ; BaCO3 = 0,04 1. 4FeCO3 + O2 2Fe2O3 + 4CO2 2FexOy + 3x 2 y O2 xFe2O3 2 (1) (2) (3) (4)

CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O 2CO2 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(HCO3)2

2. Do s mol Ba(OH)2 > BaCO3 nn c 2 kh nng xy ra : Nu Ba(OH)2 d (0,02 mol) th CO2 = 0,04 mol (khng c phn ng 4) Lng FexOy = 25,28 (0,04 . 116) = 20,64 g. S mol Fe2O3 to ta t FexOy = 0,14 0,04 = 0,12 mol 2

s mol Fe = 0,24 cn s mol O = 0,45 t s O : Fe = 1,875 > 1,5 (loi). Vy Ba(OH) 2 khng d, 0,02 mol Ba(OH)2 tham gia phn ng (4) khi s mol CO2 = 0,04 + 0,04 = 0,08 mol

 Lng FexOy = 25,28 (0,08.116) = 16 g. S mol Fe2O3 to ra (2) = 0,14 0,08 = 0,1 mol ~ 16 g 2

O2 d phn ng (2) = 0 v oxit st ban u l Fe2O3. Cu V. S mol CO2 = 0,08, s mol H2O = 0,09. Do t s mol 0,09 H2O = > 1 Trong hn hp c t nht 1 ankan. CO2 0,08

Cng thc chung ankan l CnH2n+2 cht cn li CnH2x CnH2n+2 + ( CnH2x + ( 3n + 1 ) O2 n CO2 + (n+1) H2O 2

2n + x )O2 n CO2 + x H2O 2

Nu coi s mol bng nhau = a th ta c an + an = 0,08

an + ax + a = 0,09 Ghp phng trnh cho : 4 n = x+1 5 tho mn n = x = 4.

Cng thc C4H10 c 2 cu to (thng v nhnh). Cng thc C4H8 c 5 cu to (2 thng, 1 nhnh v 2 vng no). Cu VI. Theo gi thit khi lng mol ca P = 0,37 . 32 = 74 g. 0,16

Vi khi lng mol ny P ch tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1 : 1. S mol P = 0,03 ; s mol NaOH = 0,1 mol. Vy 0,03 mol P tc dng 0,03 mol NaOH to ra 0,03 mol mui trong Q. Trong Q cn cha 0,07 mol ~ 2,8 g NaOH d. Lng Q = 2,22 + 102,62 100 = 4,84 g. Lng mui = 4,84 2,8 = 2,04 g. Khi lng mol ca mui bng 2,04 : 0,03 = 68 l HCOONa. Vy trong P cn 1 gc c khi lng 74 45 = 29 l C2H5. Cu to P : H COO C2H5.