RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT ON PENETARTION OF SMARTPHONE IN VARANASI CITY WITH SPECIAL REFURME TO SAMSUNG

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for two year

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, VARANASI) SUBMITED TO Ms. Indrani Sen Gupta Lecturer SUBMITED BY Vishwa Pratap Singh BBA 4th Sem. Roll :- 11460127

Acknowledgement

In the successful completion of this project inspiration and guidance of many people was involved. A mere form of acknowledgement would be demeaning the status of this whole effort which has had the blessings and supervision of the eminent person around me. First of all I would like to thank whole heartedly Ms. Indrani Sen Gupta (Lecturer) Who was there to guide me at every step during the course of this project. She gave me tips for the improvement in project whenever required. Special thanks to Prof. P .N. Jha, Director, SMS for providing eminent direction. Apart from this I feel indebted to all faculty members of SMS, especially who have helped, developed the right kind of attitude and scholastic excellence in me. Last but not the least; I am very thankful to my parents, friends and all those persons who made this research project possible, for their consistent guidance and constructive criticism.

Table of Content
1. 2. 3. 4.

Introduction Significance of Study Objective of Study Research Methodology

Literature Review Conceptual Framework Operational Definition

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Analysis & Interpretation Findings Suggestions Conclusion Limitation Annexure

10. Bibliographies 11.

Samsung Galaxy

This article is about the Smartphone series by Samsung. For the first Samsung Galaxy Smartphone series which uses the name "Samsung Galaxy", see Samsung i7500.

Galaxy Nexus, part of the series Samsung Galaxy is a series of mobile computing devices produced by Samsung Electronics, all of which use the operating system Android.

Smart phones

Date June 2009 November 2009

Model[1] i7500
[2]

Alternative

name

and variations Samsung Galaxy Samsung Galaxy Spica Samsung Portal Samsung Galaxy Captivate[5] Vibrant[6] Fascinate[7] Epic 4G[8]

i5700[3]

June 2010

Samsung Galaxy S (i9000)

[4]

Samsung Samsung Samsung

July 2010

Samsung Galaxy 3 (i5800)

Samsung Mesmerize[9] Samsung Galaxy Apollo[10] Samsung Samsung 550[13] Galaxy Galaxy

August 2010 October 2010 February 2011 February 2011 March 2011 March 2011 April 2011

Samsung Galaxy 5 (i5500) Europa[12]

[11]

Samsung Galaxy 551[Note

[14]

1]

Samsung Galaxy Ace (GTS5830)[15] Samsung Galaxy Fit

(S5670)[15] Samsung Galaxy Gio (GTS5660)[15] Samsung Galaxy Mini (GTS5570)[15] Samsung Galaxy Prevail

April 2011

(SPH-M820)[16] Samsung Galaxy Pro[17] Samsung Galaxy SII SkyRocket[19] Samsung Glide[20] Captivate

May 2011

Samsung Galaxy S II

[18]

June 2011 June 2011 August 2011 August 2011 August 2011 August 2011 August 2011 October 2011 November 2011 January 2012 January 2012 February 2012 February 2012 February

Samsung Exhibit 4G[21] Samsung Galaxy Z[22] Samsung Galaxy S Plus[Note

1][23]

Samsung Galaxy R (I9103)

[Note 1][24]

Samsung

Galaxy

W Samsung 4G[26]
[Note 1]

Exhibit

II

(I8150)[Note 1][25] Samsung Galaxy M

[25]

Samsung Galaxy Y (GTS5360)[Note 1][25] Samsung Stratosphere[Note

1][27]

Samsung Galaxy Nexus[28] Samsung Duos[29] Samsung Plus[30] Samsung Galaxy Ace 2[31] Samsung Galaxy Mini 2[31] Samsung Galaxy Beam Galaxy Galaxy Y Pro Ace

2012 May 2012 BlackBerry

(i8520)[32] Samsung Galaxy S III[33]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the wireless email device. For the fruit, see Blackberry. For other uses, see Blackberry (disambiguation).

BlackBerry Bold 9650 Manufacturer Research In Motion (RIM) Compatible GSM 850/900/1800/1900 networks GPRS/EDGE/UMTS CDMA/1xEV-DO

Dimensions Weight Operating system CPU

iDEN 50 106.7 14.5 mm[1] 87.9 to 155 g depending on model BlackBerry OS ARM XScale 64 MB 768 MB reserved application memory, 4 GB media memory on Storm

Memory

models, expandable to 32 GB Display via microSD 640 (Bold 480 pixels 9930)

9900/Bold

800 480(Torch 9850/9860) 600 480 (Torch 9810) 480 360 pixels (Curve 8900/Tour 9630/Bold 9650/Bold 9700/Bold 9780) 360 480 pixels (Storm 9500/Torch 9800 ) 480 320 pixels (Bold 9000) 360 400 pixels (Pearl 3G) 320 3G) 240 260 pixels series) (7100/8100 240 pixels (8300/8500/8700/8800/Curve

240 160 pixels (7200/7300 series) Ringtones notifications Connectivity & Polyphonic, MP3, MIDI microSD, USB, Bluetooth,

Wi-Fi, GPS, NFC

BlackBerry is a line of mobile email and smartphone devices developed and designed by Research In Motion (RIM) since 1999.[2][3] BlackBerry devices are smartphones, designed to function as personal digital assistants, portable media players, internet browsers, gaming devices, and much more. They are primarily known for their ability to send and receive (push) email and instant messages while maintaining a high level of security through on-device message encryption. BlackBerry devices support a large variety of instant messaging features, including BlackBerry Messenger. BlackBerry accounts for 3% of mobile device sales worldwide in 2011, making its manufacturer RIM the sixth most popular device maker (25% of mobile device sales are smartphones).[4] The consumer BlackBerry Internet Service is available in 91 countries worldwide on over 500 mobile service operators using various mobile technologies.[5] As of October 2011, there were seventy million subscribers worldwide to BlackBerry.[6] At present the Caribbean and Latin America, have the highest penetrations of BlackBerry smartphones worldwide with up to about 45 per cent in the region having a RIM device.[7] Modern GSM-based BlackBerry handhelds incorporate an ARM 7, 9 or ARM 11 processor,[8] while older BlackBerry 950 and 957 handhelds used

Intel 80386 processors. The latest BlackBerry models called "Torch" (Torch 9850/9860, Torch 9810, and Bold 9900/9930) have a 1.2 GHz MSM8255 Snapdragon processor, 768 MB system memory), and 8 GB of on-board storage.[9][10] All BlackBerry smartphones after OS 5 support up to 32 GB microSD cards.

History The first BlackBerry device, the 850, was introduced in 1999 as a two-way pager in Munich, Germany. The name BlackBerry was coined by the marketing company Lexicon Branding. In 2003, the more commonly known smartphone BlackBerry was released, which supports push email, mobile telephone, text messaging, Internet faxing, Web browsing and other wireless information services. It is an example of a convergent device. The original BlackBerry devices, the RIM 850 and 857, used the DataTac network. BlackBerry first made headway in the marketplace by concentrating on email. RIM currently offers BlackBerry email service to non-BlackBerry devices, such as the Palm Treo, through its BlackBerry Connect software.[11] The original BlackBerry device had a monochrome display, but all current models have color displays. All models, except for the Storm series and the all-touch Torch 9850/9860 had a built-in QWERTY keyboard, optimized for "thumbing", the use of only the thumbs to type. The Storm 1 and Storm 2 include a SureType keypad for typing. Originally, system navigation was

achieved with the use of a scroll wheel mounted on the right side of phones prior to the 8700. The trackwheel was replaced by the trackball with the introduction of the Pearl series which allowed for 4 way scrolling. The trackball was replaced by the optical trackpad what people now use as thumb pad with the introduction of the Curve 8500 series. Models made to use iDEN networks such as Nextel and Mike also incorporate a push-to-talk (PTT) feature, similar to a two-way radio. Operating system Main Article: BlackBerry OS

The operating system used by BlackBerry devices is a proprietary multitasking environment developed by RIM. The operating system is designed for use of input devices such as the track wheel, track ball, and track pad. The OS provides support for Java MIDP 1.0 and WAP 1.2. Previous versions allowed wireless synchronization with Microsoft Exchange Server email and calendar, as well as with Lotus Domino email. OS 5.0 provides a subset of MIDP 2.0, and allows complete wireless activation and synchronization with Exchange email, calendar, tasks, notes and contacts, and adds support for Novell GroupWise and Lotus Notes. The BlackBerry Curve 9360, BlackBerry Torch 9810, Bold 9900/9930, and Torch 9850/9860 feature the most recent BlackBerry OS 7 as of October 2011). Third-party developers can write software using these APIs, and proprietary BlackBerry APIs as well. Any application that makes use of certain

restricted functionality must be digitally signed so that it can be associated to a developer account at RIM. This signing procedure guarantees the authorship of an application but does not guarantee the quality or security of the code. RIM provides tools for developing applications and themes for BlackBerry. Applications and themes can be loaded onto BlackBerry devices through BlackBerry App World, Over The Air (OTA) through the BlackBerry mobile browser, or through BlackBerry Desktop Manager. Supported software Further information: BlackBerry App World BlackBerry Messenger BlackBerry devices use the proprietary BlackBerry Messenger, also known as BBM, software for sending and receiving encrypted instant messages, voice notes, images and videos via BlackBerry PIN. Some of the features of BBM include groups, bar-code scanning, lists, shared calendars, BBM Music and integration with apps and games using the BBM social platform. Third-party software Third-party software available for use on BlackBerry devices includes fullfeatured database management systems, which can be used to support customer relationship management clients and other applications that must manage large volumes of potentially complex data.[12] In March 2011, RIM announced an optional Android player that could play applications developed for the android system would be available for the BlackBerry PlayBook, RIM's first entry in the tablet market.[13][14][15]

On August 24, 2011 Bloomberg News reported unofficial rumors that BlackBerry devices would be able to run Android applications when RIM brings QNX and the Android App Player to BlackBerry.[16][17][18][19] On October 20, 2011 RIM officially announced that Android applications could run, unmodified, on the BlackBerry tablet and the newest BlackBerry phones, using the newest version of its operating system.[20][21] CPU The latest BlackBerry devices such as the Bold 9900/9930, Torch 9810, 9850/9860 feature a Qualcomm Snapdragon MSM8260 CPU clocked at 1.2 GHz. Entry-level models, such as the Curve 9360, feature a Marvell PXA940 clocked at 800 MHz. Previous Blackberry devices, such as the BlackBerry 9000 series, were equipped with XScale 624 MHz processors.[22] The BlackBerry Curve 8520 featured a 512 MHz processor, while the Bold 9700 featured a newer version of the Bold 9000's processor, but is clocked at the same speed. Early BlackBerry devices, such as the BlackBerry 950, used Intel 80386-based processors.[23][24] BlackBerry 8000 series smartphones, such as the 8700 and the Pearl, are based on the 312 MHz ARM XScale ARMv5TE PXA900. An exception to this is the BlackBerry 8707 which is based on the 80 MHz Qualcomm 3250 chipset; this was due to the PXA900 chipset not supporting 3G networks. The 80 MHz processor in the BlackBerry 8707 meant the device was often slower to download and render web pages over 3G than the 8700 was over EDGE networks. Connectivity

BlackBerry Smartphones for use at a museum in Canada. BlackBerry Enterprise Server BlackBerry smartphones can be integrated into an organization's email system through a software package called BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES). Versions of BES are available for Microsoft Exchange, Lotus Domino and Novell GroupWise. Google has made a Connector for BES which makes BES available for Google Apps as well. While individual users may be able to use a wireless provider's email services without having to install BES themselves, organizations with multiple users usually run BES on their own network. Some third-party companies provide hosted BES solutions. Every BlackBerry has an ID called a BlackBerry PIN, which is used to identify the device to the BES. BlackBerry now provides a free BES software called BES Express (BESX).[25]

BES acts as an email relay for corporate accounts so that users always have access to their email. The software monitors the user's local Inbox, and when a new message comes in, it picks up the message and passes it to RIM's Network Operations Center (NOC). The messages are then relayed to the user's wireless provider, which in turn delivers them to the user's BlackBerry device. This is called push email, because all new emails, contacts, task entries, memopad entries, and calendar entries are pushed out to the BlackBerry device automatically and instantaneously (as opposed to the user synchronizing the data manually or having the device poll the server at intervals). BlackBerry also supports polling email, through third party applications. The messaging system built in to the BlackBerry only understands how to receive messages from a BES or the BIS, these services handle the connections to the user's mail providers. Device storage also enables the mobile user to access all data off-line in areas without wireless service. When the user reconnects to wireless service, the BES sends the latest data. An included feature in the newer models of the BlackBerry is the ability for it to quickly track your current location through trilateration without the use of GPS, thus saving battery life and time. Trilateration can be used as a quick, less battery intensive way to provide location-aware applications with the co-ordinates of the user. However, the accuracy of BlackBerry trilateration is less than that of GPS due to a number of factors, including cell tower blockage by large buildings, mountains, or distance.

BES also provides handhelds with TCP/IP connectivity accessed through a component called MDS (Mobile Data System) Connection Service.[26] This allows for custom application development using data streams on BlackBerry devices based on the Sun Microsystems Java ME platform. In addition, BES provides network security, in the form of Triple DES[27] or, more recently, AES[28] encryption[29][30] of all data (both email and MDS traffic) that travels between the BlackBerry handheld and a BlackBerry Enterprise Server. Most providers offer flat monthly pricing for unlimited data between BlackBerry units and BES. In addition to receiving email, organizations can make intranets or custom internal applications with unmetered traffic. With more recent versions of the BlackBerry platform, the MDS is no longer a requirement for wireless data access. Starting with OS 3.8 or 4.0, BlackBerry handhelds can access the Internet (i.e. TCP/IP access) without an MDS formerly only email and WAP access was possible without a BES/MDS. The BES/MDS is still required for secure email, data access, and applications that require WAP from carriers that do not allow WAP access. BlackBerry Internet Service The primary alternative to using BlackBerry Enterprise Server is to use the BlackBerry Internet Service. BlackBerry Internet Service, or BIS is available in 91 countries internationally. BlackBerry Internet Service was developed primarily for the average consumer rather than for the business consumer. BlackBerry Internet Service allows POP3 and IMAP email integration for an individual personal user. However, the integration features only one-way

synchronization; changes to messages on the device are not reflected back to the email server. BlackBerry Internet Service allows up to 10 email accounts to be accessed, including proprietary as well as public email accounts (such as Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo and AOL). BlackBerry Internet Service also allows for the function of the push capabilities in various other BlackBerry Applications. Various applications developed by RIM for BlackBerry utilize the push capabilities of BIS, such as the Instant Messaging clients (like Google Talk, Windows Live Messenger and Yahoo Messenger). The MMS, PIN, interactive gaming, mapping and trading applications[which?] require data plans like BIS (not just Wi-Fi) for usage. Phones with BlackBerry email client Several non-BlackBerry mobile phones have been released featuring the BlackBerry email client which connects to BlackBerry servers. Many of these phones have full QWERTY keyboards

AT&T Tilt HTC Advantage X7500 HTC TyTN Motorola MPx220, some models Nokia 6810 Nokia 6820 Nokia 9300 Nokia 9300i Nokia 9500 Nokia Eseries phones, except models Nokia E66, Nokia E71 Qtek 9100

Qtek 9000 Samsung t719 Siemens SK65 Sony Ericsson P910 Sony Ericsson P990 Sony Ericsson M600i Sony Ericsson P1

The BlackBerry Store In December 2007 a BlackBerry Store opened in Farmington Hills, Michigan. As of 2009, it is the only BlackBerry store in existence, but it was not the first. There were three prior attempts at opening BlackBerry stores in Toronto, London (UK), and Charlotte,[31] but they eventually folded.[32] The store offers BlackBerry device models from AT&T, T-Mobile, Verizon, and Sprint, the major U.S. carriers which offer smartphones. As of 2012, there are several BlackBerry Stores in Mexico. Although they are branded with the BlackBerry Store logo they do not sell smartphones, as they focus on selling protective covers and other accessories for BlackBerry products. Models

Blackberry Torch 9860

A BlackBerry Pearl 8100

Original BlackBerry Main article: List of BlackBerry products BlackBerry 7 devices:

BlackBerry Bold series (2011): BlackBerry Bold 9900/9930/9790 BlackBerry Porsche Design (2012): BlackBerry Porsche Design P'9981 BlackBerry Torch series (2011): BlackBerry Torch 9810 BlackBerry Torch series (2011): BlackBerry Torch 9850/9860 BlackBerry Curve series (2011): BlackBerry 9350/9360/9370/9380

BlackBerry 6 devices:

BlackBerry Torch series (2010): BlackBerry Torch 9800 BlackBerry Curve series (2010): BlackBerry Curve 9300/9330 BlackBerry Style 9670 (2010) BlackBerry Pearl series (2010): BlackBerry Pearl 3G 9100/9105 BlackBerry Bold series (20102011): BlackBerry Bold 9780/9788

BlackBerry 5 devices:

BlackBerry

Bold

series

(20082010):

BlackBerry

Bold

9000/9700/9650

BlackBerry Tour series (2009): BlackBerry Tour (9630) BlackBerry Storm series (2009): BlackBerry Storm2 (9520/9550) BlackBerry Storm series (2008): BlackBerry Storm (9500/9530) BlackBerry Curve series (20092010): BlackBerry Curve 8900 (8900/8910/8980) BlackBerry Curve series(2009): BlackBerry Curve 8520/8530

Blackberry 4 and earlier devices:

BlackBerry 8800 series (2007): BlackBerry 8800/8820/8830 BlackBerry Pearl series (2006): BlackBerry Pearl 8100/8110/8120/8130

BlackBerry Pearl Flip series (2008): BlackBerry Pearl Flip 8220/8230 BlackBerry Curve series (2007): BlackBerry Curve 8300 (8300/8310/8320/8330/8350i)

Early pager models: 850, 857, 950, 957 Monochrome Java-based series: 5000, 6000 First color series: 7200, 7500, 7700 First SureType phone series: 7100

BlackBerry PIN BlackBerry PIN is an eight character hexadecimal identification number assigned to each BlackBerry device. PINs cannot be changed manually on the device (though BlackBerry technicians are able to reset or update a PIN server-side), and are locked to each specific BlackBerry. BlackBerrys can

message each other using the PIN directly or by using the BlackBerry Messenger application. BlackBerry PINs are tracked by BlackBerry Enterprise Servers, and the BlackBerry Internet Service, and are used to direct messages to a BlackBerry device. Emails and any other messages, such as those from the BlackBerry Push Service, are typically directed to a BlackBerry's PIN. The message can then be routed by a RIM Network Operations Center, and sent to a carrier, which will deliver the message the last mile to the device. Example of a BlackBerry PIN: 2689FE30. How To Find The PIN For newer models: Select Options, then Status and you will then see an 8-digit alphanumeric ID labeled "PIN:". On older models: Select Settings, Options, then Status. RIM patent infringement litigation In 2000 NTP sent notice of its wireless email patents to a number of companies and offered to license the patents to them. NTP brought a patentinfringement lawsuit against one of the companies, Research In Motion, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. This court is well known for its strict adherence to timetables and deadlines, sometimes referred to as the "rocket docket", and is particularly efficient at trying patent cases.[33]

The jury eventually found that the NTP patents were valid, that RIM had infringed them, that the infringement had been "willful," and that the infringement had cost NTP $33 million in damages (the greater of a reasonable royalty or lost profits). The judge, James R. Spencer, increased the damages to $53 million as a punitive measure because the infringement had been willful. He also instructed RIM to pay NTP's legal fees of $4.5 million and issued an injunction ordering RIM to cease and desist infringing the patents. This would have shut down the BlackBerry systems in the US.[34] RIM appealed all of the findings of the court. The injunction and other remedies were stayed pending the outcome of the appeals. In March 2005 during the appeals process, RIM and NTP tried to negotiate a settlement of their dispute; the settlement was to be for $450 million. Negotiations broke down due to other issues. On June 10, 2005, the matter returned to the courts. In early November 2005 the US Department of Justice filed a brief requesting that RIM's service be allowed to continue because of the large number of BlackBerry users in the US Federal Government.[35] In January 2006 the US Supreme Court refused to hear RIM's appeal of the holding of liability for patent infringement, and the matter was returned to a lower court. The prior granted injunction preventing all RIM sales in the US and use of the BlackBerry device might have been enforced by the presiding district court judge had the two parties been unable to reach a settlement. On February 9, 2006, the US Department of Defense (DOD) filed a brief stating that an injunction shutting down the BlackBerry service while excluding government users was unworkable. The DOD also stated that the

BlackBerry was crucial for national security given the large number of government users. On February 9, 2006, RIM announced that it had developed software workarounds that would not infringe the NTP patents, and would implement those if the injunction was enforced. On March 3, 2006, after a stern warning from Judge Spencer, RIM and NTP announced that they had settled their dispute. Under the terms of the settlement, RIM has agreed to pay NTP $612.5 million (USD) in a full and final settlement of all claims. In a statement, RIM said that all terms of the agreement have been finalized and the litigation against RIM has been dismissed by a court order this afternoon. The agreement eliminates the need for any further court proceedings or decisions relating to damages or injunctive relief. The settlement amount is believed low by some analysts, because of the absence of any future royalties on the technology in question.
[36]

Certification

A first generation BlackBerry Bold

BCESA (BlackBerry Certified Enterprise Sales Associate, BCESA40 in full) is a BlackBerry Certification for professional users of RIM (Research In Motion) BlackBerry wireless email devices.

The Certification requires the user to pass several exams relating to the BlackBerry Device, all its functions including Desktop software and providing technical support to Customers of BlackBerry Devices. The BCESA, BlackBerry Certified Enterprise Sales Associate qualification, is the first of three levels of professional BlackBerry Certification.

BCTA (BlackBerry Certified Technical Associate) BlackBerry Certified Support Associate T2

More information on certifications is on the Blackberry.com website.[37] The BlackBerry Technical Certifications available are:

BlackBerry Certified Enterprise Server Consultant (BCESC)

BlackBerry Certified Server Support Technician (BCSST) BlackBerry Certified Support Technician (BCST)

Use

President Obama with his holstered Blackberry on a flight to Caen, Normandy, France, 2009. The advanced encryption capabilities of the BlackBerry Smartphone make it eligible for use by government agencies and state forces alike. President Barack Obama's use The President of the United States, Barack Obama, became known for his dependence on a BlackBerry device for communication during his 2008 presidential campaign. Despite the security issues, he insisted on using it even after inauguration,[38] becoming the first President of the United States to use mobile email.[39] This was seen by some as akin to a "celebrity endorsement," which marketing experts have estimated to be worth between $25 and $50 million.[40]

Use by government forces An example is the British police force, which has allowed the increase in the presence of police officers along the streets and a reduction in public spending, given that each officer could perform the work desk directly via the mobile device,[41] as well as in several other areas and situations.[42] The US Federal Government and Department of Defence are also prominent examples of BlackBerry device users, the latter agency even stating that the BlackBerry smartphone is "essential for national security" because of the large number of BlackBerry users in the government. The high encryption standard of BlackBerry smartphones and the PlayBook tablet allow them to be the only consumer handheld devices certified for use by US Government agencies. Organized crime use The Italian criminal group known as the 'Ndrangheta was reported on February 2009 to have communicated overseas with the Gulf Cartel, a Mexican drug cartel, through the use of the BlackBerry, since the texts are "normally difficult to intercept".[43] Competition The primary competitors of the BlackBerry are smartphones running Android, the Apple iPhone and Windows Phone. BlackBerry has struggled to compete against Android and Apple and its market share has plunged in recent years, leading to speculation that it will be unable to survive as an independent business.[44] However, it has managed to maintain significant positions in some markets.[45]

Nicknames BlackBerry is widely referred to as "CrackBerry" in the United States, which alludes to its excessive use by its owners and is a reference to the addictiveness of crack cocaine. Use of the term CrackBerry became so widespread that in November 2006 Webster's New World College Dictionary named "crackberry" the "New Word of the Year."[46] Criticism In October 2011, BlackBerry users could not connect to the BlackBerry servers due to a major service failure. The services were interrupted for 4 days
[47]

in many parts of the world. RIM had announced that it would give

all its users free apps worth $100 (63) in an attempt to express apology for its service disruption.[48] Future In November 2011, a photo showing what is allegedly a leaked demo smartphone dubbed "London" was released by The Verge. It shows a UI much reminiscent of PlayBook OS 2.0.1, and a shift in design from the current RIM devices. In early 2012, during BlackBerry World 2012, a video and some demonstration dummy devices were unveiled, confirming the PlayBook-like user interface and describing in detail some of the OS changes and features, as well as describing some upgraded hardware, including new main and front-facing cameras. See also

iPhone This article is about the line of smartphones by Apple. For other uses, see iPhone (disambiguation).

An iPhone 4S, the most recent generation of the iPhone iPhone models

iPhone iPhone 3G iPhone 3GS iPhone 4

iPhone 4S

The iPhone ( /afon/ EYE-fohn) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first iPhone was unveiled by Steve Jobs, then CEO of Apple, on January 9, 2007,[1] and released on June 29, 2007. The 5th generation iPhone, the iPhone 4S, was announced on October 4, 2011, and released 10 days later. An iPhone can function as a video camera (video recording was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS was released), a camera phone, a portable media player, and an Internet client with email and web browsing capabilities, can send texts and receive visual voicemail, and has both Wi-Fi and 3G connectivity. The user interface is built around the device's multitouch screen, including a virtual keyboard rather than a physical one. Third-party as well as Apple application software is available from the App Store, which launched in mid-2008 and now[when?] has over 500,000[2] "apps" approved by Apple. These apps have diverse functions, including games, reference, GPS navigation, social networking, security, and advertising for television shows, films, and celebrities. There are five generations of iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the five major releases of iOS (formerly iPhone OS). The original iPhone was a GSM phone, and established design precedents, such as screen size and button placement, that have persisted through all models. The iPhone 3G added 3G cellular network capabilities and A-GPS location. The iPhone 3GS added a compass, faster processor, and higher resolution camera, including video recording at 480p.

The iPhone 4 has a rear-facing camera (720p video) and a front facing camera (at a lower resolution) for FaceTime video calling and for use in other apps like Skype. The iPhone 4 featured a higher-resolution 960 640 display; it was released on June 24, 2010. In the U.S., AT&T was the only authorized carrier until February 10, 2011, when a CDMA version of the iPhone 4 launched for Verizon. On October 4, 2011, Apple announced the iPhone 4S.[3] The iPhone 4S added a higher resolution camera (8 megapixel) with 1080p video recording, face detection, and video stabilization, a faster, dual core processor, support for both GSM/UMTS and CDMA on one chip, GLONASS support and a natural language voice control system called Siri.
[4]

It is available in 16 GB and 32 GB, as well as a new 64 GB capacity. In

the United States, it was announced that two new carriers, Sprint and C Spire, would begin carrying the iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S in October and November 2011, respectively.[5] On April 20, 2012, 6 more regional US carriers (Cellcom, Appalachian Wireless, Alaska Communications, GCI, MTA Solutions, and nTelos) have been added in to the list of iPhone service providers.[6]

History and availability

Main article: History of the iPhone See also: List of iOS devices Development of the iPhone began in 2005 with Apple CEO Steve Jobs' direction that Apple engineers investigate touchscreens.[7] He also steered the original focus away from a tablet, like the iPad, and towards a phone.[8] Apple created the device during a secretive collaboration with AT&T MobilityCingular Wireless at the timeat an estimated development cost of US$150 million over thirty months.[9]

Apple rejected the "design by committee" approach that had yielded the Motorola ROKR E1, a largely unsuccessful[10] collaboration with Motorola. Instead, Cingular gave Apple the liberty to develop the iPhone's hardware and software in-house[11][12] and even paid Apple a fraction of its monthly service revenue (until the iPhone 3G),[13] in exchange for four years of exclusive U.S. sales, until 2011. Jobs unveiled the iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. The iPhone went on sale in the United States on June 29, 2007, at 6:00 pm local time, while hundreds of customers lined up outside the stores nationwide.[14] The passionate reaction to the launch of the iPhone resulted in sections of the media christening it the 'Jesus phone'.[15][16] The original iPhone was made available in the UK, France, and Germany in November 2007, and Ireland and Austria in the spring of 2008.

Worldwide iPhone availability: iPhone was available since its original release iPhone was available since the release of iPhone 3G Coming soon On July 11, 2008, Apple released the iPhone 3G in twenty-two countries, including the original six.[17] Apple released the iPhone 3G in upwards of eighty countries and territories.[18] Apple announced the iPhone 3GS on June

8, 2009, along with plans to release it later in June, July, and August, starting with the U.S., Canada and major European countries on June 19. Many would-be users objected to the iPhone's cost,[19] and 40% of users have household incomes over US$100,000.[20] In an attempt to gain a wider market, Apple retained the 8 GB iPhone 3G at a lower price. When Apple introduced the iPhone 4, the 3GS became the less expensive model. Apple reduced the price several times since the iPhone's release in 2007, at which time an 8 GB iPhone sold for $599. An iPhone 3GS with the same capacity now has no cost to the customer, as of the release of the iPhone 4S. However, these numbers are misleading, since all iPhone units sold through AT&T require a two-year contract costing several thousand dollars, including an early termination fee,[21] and a SIM lock. Apple sold 6.1 million original iPhone units over five quarters.[22] Recorded sales have been growing steadily thereafter, and by the end of fiscal year 2010, a total of 73.5 million iPhones were sold.[23] By 2010/2011, the iPhone had a market share of barely 4% of all cellphones, but Apple still pulls in more than 50% of the total profit that global cellphone sales generate.[24] Sales in Q4 2008 surpassed temporarily those of RIM's BlackBerry sales of 5.2 million units, which made Apple briefly the third largest mobile phone manufacturer by revenue, after Nokia and Samsung.[25] Approximately 6.4 million iPhones are active in the U.S. alone.[20] While iPhone sales constitute a significant portion of Apple's revenue, some of this income is deferred.[26]

Three generations of iPhone, shown from behind. Left to right: original, white 3G, black 4. The back of the original iPhone was made of aluminum with a black plastic accent. The iPhone 3G and 3GS feature a full plastic back to increase the strength of the GSM signal.[27] The iPhone 3G was available in an 8 GB black model, or a black or white option for the 16 GB model. They both are now discontinued. The iPhone 3GS was available in both colors, regardless of storage capacity. The white model was discontinued in favor of a black 8 GB low-end model. The iPhone 4 has an aluminosilicate glass front and back with a stainless steel edge that serves as the antennas. It was at first available in black; the white version was announced, but not released until April 2011, 10 months later. The iPhone has garnered positive reviews from such critics as David Pogue[28] and Walter Mossberg.[29][30] The iPhone attracts users of all ages,[20] and, besides consumer use, the iPhone has also been adopted for business purposes.[31]

Users of the iPhone 4 reported dropped/disconnected telephone calls when holding their phones in a certain way. This became known as antennagate.
[32]

On January 11, 2011, Verizon announced during a media event that it had reached an agreement with Apple and would begin selling a CDMA2000 iPhone 4. Verizon said it would be available for pre-order on February 3, with a release set for February 10.[33][34] In February 2011, the Verizon iPhone accounted for 4.5 percent of all iPhone ad impressions[vague] in the U.S. on Millennial Media's mobile ad network.[35] On March 2, 2011, at the iPad 2 event, Apple announced that they have sold 100 million iPhones worldwide.[36] On Tuesday, September 27, Apple sent invitations for a press event to be held October 4, 2011 at 10:00 am at the Cupertino Headquarters to announce details of the next generation iPhone, which turned out to be iPhone 4S. Over 1 million 4S models were sold in the first 24 hours after its release in October 2011.[37] Due to large volumes of the iPhone being manufactured and the its high selling price, Apple became the largest mobile handset vendor in the world by revenue, in 2011, surpassing long-time leader Nokia;
[38]

however, later that year, it was surpassed by Samsung, a major

manufacturer of Android phones.[39] American carrier C Spire Wireless announced that it would be carrying the iPhone 4S on October 19, 2011.[5] In February 2012, ComScore reported that 12.4% of US mobile subscribers use an iPhone.[40] The iPhone 4S launch was also the biggest launch[41] for any smartphone in the history of mobile device market.

The iPhone 4S box. All iPhones have come in boxes. Hardware Screen and input The touchscreen on all models is a 9 cm (3.5 in) liquid crystal display with scratch-resistant glass.[42] The capacitive touchscreen is designed for a bare finger, or multiple fingers for multi-touch sensing. The screens on the first three generations have a resolution of 320 480 (HVGA) at 163 ppi, while those on the iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S have a resolution of 640 960 at 326 ppi. The touch and gesture features of the iPhone are based on technology originally developed by FingerWorks.[43] Most gloves and styli prevent the necessary electrical conductivity;[44][45][46][47] however, capacitive styli can be used with iPhone's finger-touch screen. The iPhone 3GS and later also feature a fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating.[48]

The top and side of an iPhone 3GS, externally identical to the iPhone 3G. From left to right, sides: wake/sleep button, SIM card slot, headphone jack, silence switch, volume controls. The switches were black plastic on the original iPhone. Top: earpiece, screen. The iPhone has a minimal hardware user interface, featuring only four or five buttons, depending on the generation. The only physical menu button is situated directly below the display, and is called the "Home button" because it closes the active app and navigates to the home screen of the interface. The home button is denoted not by a house, as on many other similar devices, but a rounded square, reminiscent of the shape of icons on the home screen. A multifunction sleep/wake button is located on the top of the device. It serves as the unit's power button, and also controls phone calls. When a call is received, pressing the sleep/wake button once silences the ringtone, and when pressed twice transfers the call to voicemail. Situated on the left spine are the volume adjustment controls. The iPhone 4 has two separate circular buttons to increase and decrease the volume; all earlier models house two switches under a single plastic panel, known as a rocker switch, which could reasonably be counted as either one or two buttons. Directly above the volume controls is a ring/silent switch that when engaged mutes telephone ringing, alert sounds from new & sent emails, text messages, and other push notifications, camera shutter sounds, Voice Memo sound effects, phone lock/unlock sounds, keyboard clicks, and spoken autocorrections. This switch does not mute alarm sounds from the Clock

application, and in some countries or regions it will not mute the camera shutter or Voice Memo sound effects.[49] All buttons except Home were made of plastic on the original iPhone and metal on all later models. The touchscreen furnishes the remainder of the user interface. The display responds to three sensors (four on the iPhone 4). A proximity sensor deactivates the display and touchscreen when the device is brought near the face during a call. This is done to save battery power and to prevent inadvertent inputs from the user's face and ears. An ambient light sensor adjusts the display brightness which in turn saves battery power. A 3-axis accelerometer senses the orientation of the phone and changes the screen accordingly, allowing the user to easily switch between portrait and landscape mode.[50] Photo browsing, web browsing, and music playing support both upright and left or right widescreen orientations.[51] Unlike the iPad, the iPhone does not rotate the screen when turned upsidedown, with the Home button above the screen, unless the running program has been specifically designed to do so. The 3.0 update added landscape support for still other applications, such as email, and introduced shaking the unit as a form of input.[52][53] The accelerometer can also be used to control third-party apps, notably games. The iPhone 4 also includes a gyroscopic sensor, enhancing its perception of how it is moved. A software update in January 2008[54] allowed the first-generation iPhone to use cell tower and Wi-Fi network locations trilateration,[55] despite lacking GPS hardware. The iPhone 3G, 3GS and 4 employ A-GPS, and the iPhone 3GS and 4 also have a digital compass.[56] iPhone 4S supports GLONASS global positioning system in addition to GPS.

Audio and output

One of two speakers (left) and the microphone (right) surround the dock connector on the base of the original iPhone. If a headset is plugged in, sound is played through it instead. On the bottom of the iPhone there is a speaker to the left of the dock connector and a microphone to the right. There is an additional loudspeaker above the screen that serves as an earpiece during phone calls. The iPhone 4 includes an additional microphone at the top of the unit for noise cancellation, and switches the placement of the microphone and speaker on the base on the unitthe speaker is on the right.[57] Volume controls are located on the left side of all iPhone models and as a slider in the iPod application. The 3.5 mm TRRS connector for the headphones is located on the top left corner of the device.[58] The headphone socket on the original iPhone is recessed into the casing, making it incompatible with most headsets without the use of an adapter.[59][60] Subsequent generations eliminated the issue by using a flush-mounted headphone socket. Cars equipped with an auxiliary jack allow for handsfree use of the iPhone while driving as a substitute for Bluetooth. While the iPhone is compatible with normal headphones, Apple provides a headset with additional functionality. A multipurpose button near the microphone can be used to play or pause music, skip tracks, and answer or

end phone calls without touching the iPhone. A small number of third-party headsets specifically designed for the iPhone also include the microphone and control button.[61] The current headsets also provide volume controls, which are only compatible with more recent models. [62] These features are achieved by a fourth ring in the audio jack that carries this extra information. The built-in Bluetooth 2.x+EDR supports wireless earpieces and headphones, which requires the HSP profile. Stereo audio was added in the 3.0 update for hardware that supports A2DP.[52][53] While non-sanctioned third-party solutions exist, the iPhone does not officially support the OBEX file transfer protocol.[63] The lack of these profiles prevents iPhone users from exchanging multimedia files, such as pictures, music and videos, with other bluetooth-enabled cell phones. Composite[64] or component[65] video at up to 576i and stereo audio can be output from the dock connector using an adapter sold by Apple. iPhone 4 also supports 1024 768 VGA output[66] without audio, and HDMI output,
[67]

with stereo audio, via dock adapters. The iPhone did not support voice

recording until the 3.0 software update.[52][53]

Battery

Replacing the battery requires disassembling the iPhone unit and exposing the internal hardware The iPhone features an internal rechargeable lithium-ion battery. Like an iPod, but unlike most other mobile phones, the battery is not userreplaceable.[59][68] The iPhone can be charged when connected to a computer for syncing across the included USB to dock connector cable, similar to charging an iPod. Alternatively, a USB to AC adapter (or "wall charger," also included) can be connected to the cable to charge directly from an AC outlet. A number of third-party accessories (car chargers, portable chargers, battery cases, stereo dock chargers, and even solar chargers) are also available.[citation needed] Apple runs tests on preproduction units to determine battery life. Apple's website says that the battery life "is designed to retain up to 80 percent of its

original capacity after 400 full charge and discharge cycles",[69] which is comparable to iPod batteries. The battery life of early models of the iPhone has been criticized by several technology journalists as insufficient and less than Apple's claims.[70][71][72][73] This is also reflected by a J. D. Power and Associates customer satisfaction survey, which gave the "battery aspects" of the iPhone 3G its lowest rating of 2 out of 5 stars.[74][75] If the battery malfunctions or dies prematurely, the phone can be returned to Apple and replaced for free while still under warranty.[76] The warranty lasts one year from purchase and can be extended to two years with AppleCare. The battery replacement service and its pricing was not made known to buyers until the day the product was launched,[77][78] it is similar to how Apple (and third parties) replace batteries for iPods. The Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights, a consumer advocate group, has sent a complaint to Apple and AT&T over the fee that consumers have to pay to have the battery replaced.[77] Since July 2007, third-party battery replacement kits have been available[79] at a much lower price than Apple's own battery replacement program. These kits often include a small screwdriver and an instruction leaflet, but as with many newer iPod models the battery in the original iPhone has been soldered in. Therefore a soldering iron is required to install the new battery. The iPhone 3G uses a different battery fitted with a connector that is easier to replace.[80]

The iPhone 4 is the first generation to have two cameras. The LED flash for the rear-facing camera (top) and the forward-facing camera (bottom) are both unique to that model. Camera The original iPhone and iPhone 3G feature a built-in fixed focus 2.0 megapixel camera located on the back for still digital photos. It has no optical zoom, flash or autofocus, and does not support video recording (iPhone 3G does support video recording via third-party App available on the App Store), however jailbreaking allows users to do so. Version 2.0 of iPhone OS introduced the capability to embed location data in the pictures, producing geocoded photographs. The iPhone 3GS has a 3.2 megapixel camera, manufactured by OmniVision, featuring autofocus, auto white balance, and auto macro (up to 10 cm). It is also capable of capturing 640 480 (VGA resolution) video at 30 frames per second,[81] although compared to higher-end CCD based video cameras it does exhibit the rolling shutter effect.[82] The video can then be cropped on the device itself and directly uploaded to YouTube, MobileMe, or other services.

The iPhone 4 introduced a 5.0 megapixel camera (2592 1936 pixels), also located on the back, which is equipped with a backside illuminated sensor capable of capturing pictures in low-light conditions, as well as an LED flash capable of staying lit for video recording at 720p resolution, considered high-definition.[83] iPhone 4 is the first iPhone that has the high dynamic range photography feature.[84] In addition the iPhone 4 has a second camera on the front capable of VGA photos and SD video recording. Regardless of the source, saved recordings may be synced to the host computer, attached to email, or (where supported) sent by MMS. Videos may be uploaded to YouTube directly. The camera on the iPhone 4S is capable of shooting 8MP stills and recording 1080p videos. The camera can now be accessed directly from the lock screen, and the volume up button as a shutter trigger. The built-in gyroscope is able to stabilize the camera while recording video. Beta code pulled from iOS 5 suggests that the next feature to be released will allow users to capture a panoramic photo on their iPhone.[85] On all five model generations, the phone can be configured to bring up the camera app by quickly pressing the home key twice.[86] On all iPhones running iOS 5 it can also be accessed from the lock screen directly. Storage and SIM

An iPhone 3G with the SIM slot open. The SIM ejector tool is still placed in the eject hole. The iPhone was initially released with two options for internal storage size: 4 GB or 8 GB. On September 5, 2007, Apple discontinued the 4 GB models.
[87]

On February 5, 2008, Apple added a 16 GB model.[88] The iPhone 3G was

available in 16 GB and 8 GB. The iPhone 3GS came in 16 GB and 32 GB variants and still is available in 8 GB. The iPhone 4 is available in 16 GB and 32 GB variants, as well as a newly introduced 8 GB variant to be sold along side the iPhone 4S at a reduced price point. The iPhone 4S is available in three sizes: 16 GB, 32 GB and 64 GB. All data is stored on the internal flash drive; the iPhone does not support expanded storage through a memory card slot, or the SIM card. GSM models of the iPhone use a SIM card to identify themselves to the GSM network. The SIM sits in a tray, which is inserted into a slot at the top of the device. The SIM tray can be ejected with a paperclip or the "SIM ejector tool" (a simple piece of die-cut sheet metal) included with the iPhone 3G and 3GS.[89][90] Some iPhone models shipped with a SIM ejector tool which was fabricated from an alloy dubbed "Liquidmetal".[91] In most

countries, the iPhone is usually sold with a SIM lock, which prevents the iPhone from being used on a different mobile network.[92] The GSM iPhone 4 features a MicroSIM card that is located in a slot on the right side of the device.[93] The CDMA model of the iPhone, like all CDMA phones, does not use a SIM. Liquid contact indicators The iPhone is equipped with liquid contact indicators which change from white to red in color when they come in contact with water. These suggest whether water damage has affected the device. The indicators on the iPhone include a small disc which is located at the bottom of the headphone jack and with the iPhone 3G and all later models an additional one is located at the bottom of the dock connector.[94] The indicators are often used by Apple employees to determine whether the device qualifies for a warranty repair or replacement. If the indicators show that the device was exposed to water, they may determine that the device is not covered by Apple. However, the liquid contact indicators may be triggered through routine use, and if a device is worn while exercising, the sweat from an owner may dampen the indicators enough to indicate water damage.[95] On many other mobile phones from different manufacturers, the liquid contact indicators are located in a protected location, such as beneath the battery behind a battery cover, but the indicators on an iPhone are directly

exposed to the environment. This has led to criticism of the placement of the indicators, which may also be affected by steam in a bathroom or other light environmental moisture.[96] In response to these criticisms, Apple made a silent change to their water damage policy for iPhones and similar products. This new policy allows the customer to request further internal inspection of the phone to verify if internal liquid damage sensors were triggered.[97] Included items

The contents of the box of an iPhone 4. From left to right: iPhone 4 in plastic holder, written documentation, and (top to bottom) headset, USB cable, wall charger. All iPhone models include written documentation, and a dock connector to USB cable. The original and 3G iPhones also came with a cleaning cloth. The original iPhone included stereo headset (earbuds and a microphone) and a plastic dock to hold the unit upright while charging and syncing. The iPhone 3G includes a similar headset plus a SIM eject tool (the original model requires a paperclip). The iPhone 3GS includes the SIM eject tool and a revised headset, which adds volume buttons (not functional with previous iPhone versions).[62][98] The iPhone 3G and 3GS are compatible with the same dock, sold separately, but not the original model's dock.[99] All versions include a USB power

adapter, or "wall charger," which allows the iPhone to charge from an AC outlet. The iPhone 3G and iPhone 3GS sold in North America, Japan, Colombia, Ecuador, or Peru[100][101] include an ultracompact USB power adapter.

Introduction to Telecom Industry The Indian Telecommunications network with 110.01 million connections is the fifth largest in the world and the second largest among the emerging economies of Asia. Today, it is the fastest growing market in the world and represents unique opportunities for U.S. companies in the stagnant global scenario. The total subscriber base, which has grown by 40% in 2005, is expected to reach 250 million in 2007. According to Broadband Policy 2004, Government of India aims at 9 million broadband connections and 18 million internet connections by 2007. The wireless subscriber base has jumped from 33.69 million in 2004 to 62.57 million in FY2004- 2005. In the last 3 years, two out of every three new telephone subscribers were wireless subscribers. Consequently, wireless now accounts for 54.6% of the total telephone subscriber base, as compared to only 40% in 2003. Wireless subscriber growth is expected to bypass 2.5 million new subscribers per month by 2007. The wireless technologies currently in use are Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). There are primarily 9 GSM and 5 CDMA operators providing mobile services in 19 telecom circles and 4 metro cities, covering 2000 towns across the country. Evolution of the industry-Important Milestones Year

185 1

First operational land lines were laid by the government near Calcutta (seat of British power)

188 1 188 3 192 3 193 2

Telephone service introduced in India Merger with the postal system Formation of Indian Radio Telegraph Company (IRT) Merger of ETC and IRT into the Indian Radio and Cable Communication Company (IRCC)

194 7

Nationalization of all foreign telecommunication companies to form the Posts, Telephone and Telegraph (PTT), a monopoly run by the government's Ministry of Communications

198 5

Department

of

Telecommunications

(DOT)

established, an exclusive provider of domestic and long-distance service that would be its own regulator (separate from the postal system)

198 6

Conversion of DOT into two wholly governmentowned companies: the

Videsh

Sanchar

Nigam

Limited

(VSNL)

for

international telecommunications and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) for service in metropolitan areas. 199 7 199 9 Telecom Regulatory Authority of India created. Cellular adopted. 200 0 DoT becomes a corporation, BSNL Services are launched in India. New

National Telecom Policy is

A large population, low telephony penetration levels, and a rise in consumers' income and spending owing to strong economic growth have helped make India the fastestgrowing telecom market in the world. The first and largest operator is the state-owned incumbent BSNL, which is also the 7th largest telecom company in the world in terms of its number of subscribers. BSNL was created by corporatization. while DTS (Department of Telecommunication Services), a government unit responsible for provision of telephony services. Subsequently, after the telecommunication policies were revised to allow private operators, companies such as

Bharti Telecom, TATA Indicom, Vodafone, MTNL, Idea, Vodafone and BPL have entered the space. Major operators in India. However, rural India still lacks strong infrastructure. The total number of telephones in the country crossed the 300 million mark on June 18 2008The overall tele-density has increased to 36.98% in March 2009 .In the wireless segment, 15.87 million subscribers have been added in March 2009. The total wireless subscribers (GSM, CDMA & WLL (F)) base is more than 391.76 million now. The wire line segment subscriber base stood at 38.22 million with a decline of 0.13 million in October 2008.

Market Share of Public and Private Industry The fixed line and mobile segments serve the basic needs of local calls, long distance calls and the international calls, with the provision of broadband services in the fixed line segment and GPRS in the mobile arena. Traditional telephones have been replaced by the codeless and the wireless instruments. Mobile phone providers have also come up with GPRS-enabled multimedia messaging, Internet surfing, and mobile-commerce.The much-awaited 3G mobile technology is soon going to enter the Indian telecom market. The GSM, CDMA, WLL service providers are all upgrading them to provide in 3G mobile services. there Along is also with an improvement telecom services,

improvement in manufacturing. In the beginning, there were only the Siemens handsets in India but now a whole series of new up. Touch screen and advanced technological handsets are gaining popularity. like Radio high services have also been incorporated in the mobile handsets, along with other applications applications, generators, storage games, The etc. memory, MP3 value multimedia video services multimedia Camera's, Players, added handsets, such as Nokia's latest N-series, Sony Ericsson's W-series, Motorola's PDA phones, etc. have come

provided by the mobile service operators contribute more than 10% of the total revenue.

The Global Cellular Mobile Industry Global telecom sector Earnings visibility Earnings growth is being driven by improving pricing conditions, stabilizing operating trends, aggressive cost cutting initiatives, a positive regulatory environment, strong wireless growth, and new market opportunities. This has translated into greater visibility of forward earnings as evidenced by recent increased analyst upgrades within the sector.

Merger synergies Given the substantial amount of excess capital available in the sector and in private equity we expect to see additional merger and acquisition activity, albeit at a slower pace than recently witnessed. Global telecom M&A deals over the past two years have reflected market expansion but have also had a positive effect on the buyers balance sheets.

Partnering companies have begun realizing their synergies through cost reductions and economies of scale. In the US, the largest three companies now account for over 70% of the sector market cap; this compares to 34% in 1990. Trends in bundled services are also paving the way for additional M&A activity. Sector consolidation will further increase the importance of stock selection. Growth While cost-cutting has been a major source of earnings growth, we have seen top-line pressures decreasing which will help revenues become a larger driver of earnings growth again. We see growth within the sector coming from a number of areas including: broadband, 3G (third generation) technology, expansion in emerging markets. Broadband penetration has been accelerating as internet customers are seeking faster downloads for audio and video files. 3G services, which facilitate the simultaneous transfer of both voice and non-voice (i.e. video, downloads, SMS, etc.) data are providing mobile users with a much more robust communication platform and should finally begin to realize their growth potential in 2007. Emerging market companies benefit from low penetration rates and also tend to have lower leverage, higher margins and higher growth than most developed markets telecom companies. Global opportunities

It has become less difficult to find attractive telecom investment opportunities globally than it was a year ago. As the fog has lifted from the sector, there are increased opportunities within both the growth and value spaces.

Definition of Cellular/Mobile phone The Cellular telephone (commonly "mobile phone" or "cell phone" or "hand phone") is a long-range, portable electronic device used for mobile communication. In addition to the standard voice function of a telephone,

The Global Cellular Mobile Industry: The global mobile phone industry is based on many different manufacturers and operators. The industry is based

on advanced technology and many of the manufacturers are operating in different industries, where they use their technological skills, distribution network, market knowledge and brand name. Four large manufacturers of mobile phones are today dominating the global mobile phone industry &networks; Nokia, Sony Ericson, Samsung and Motorola . Airtel, Bsnl , tataindicom ,Vodafone, reliance, others. In addition to these companies there are many manufacturers that operate globally and locally. Telecom Industry in India The telecom industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. India has nearly200 million telephone lines making it the third largest network in the world after China and USA. With a growth rate of 45%, Indian telecom industry has the highest growth rate in the8world. Much of the growth in Asia Pacific Wireless Telecommunication Market is spurred by the growth in demand in countries like India and China. Indias mobile phone subscriber base is growing at a rate of 82.2%. China is the biggest market in Asia Pacific with a subscriber base of 48% of the total subscribers in Asia Pacific.

 Compared to that Indias share in Asia Pacific Mobile Phone market is 6.4%. Considering the fact that India and China have almost comparable populations, India slow mobile penetration offers huge scope for growth.

History of Indian Telecommunications It was Started in 1851 ,when the first operational land lines were laid by the government near Calcutta (seat of British power). Telephone services were introduced in India in 1881. In 1883 telephone services were emerged with the postal system. Indian Radio Telegraph Company (IRT) was formed in 1923. After independence in 1947, all the foreign telecommunication companies were nationalized to form the Posts, Telephone and Telegraph (PTT), a monopoly run by the government's Ministry . Telecom sector was considered as a strategic service and the government considered it best to bring under state's control. The first wind of reforms in telecommunications sector began to flow in 1980s when the private sector was allowed in telecommunications equipment manufacturing. In 1985, Department of Telecommunications (DOT) was established. It was an exclusive provider of domestic and long distance service that

would be its own regulator (separate from the postal system). In 1986, two wholly government-owned companies were created: the Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) for international telecommunications and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) for service in metropolitan areas. In 1990s, telecommunications sector benefited from the general opening up of the economy. Also, examples of telecom revolution in many other countries, which resulted in better quality of service and lower tariffs, led Indian policy makers to initiate a change process finally resulting in opening up of telecom services sector for the private sector. National Telecom Policy(NTP) 1994 was the first attempt to give a comprehensive roadmap for the Indian telecommunicationssector. In 1997, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was created. TRAI was formed to act as a regulator to facilitate the growth of the telecom sector.. Telecommunication sector in India can be divided into two segments: Fixed Service Provider (FSPs), and Cellular Services. Fixed line services consist of basic services, national or domestic long distance and international long distance services. The state operators (BSNL and MTNL), account for almost 90 per cent of revenues from basic services. Private sector services are presently available in selective urban areas, and collectively

account .Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). The GSM sector is dominated by Airtel, Vodfone-Essar, and Idea Cellular, while the CDMA sector is dominated by Reliance and Tata Indicom. Opening up of international and domestic long distance telephony services are the major growth drivers for cellular industry. Cellular he tariffs on airtime, which along with rental was the main source of revenue. The reduction in tariffs for airtime, national long distance, international long distance, and handset prices has driven demand. Classification of Telecommunication services 1. Basic services 2. Cellular services 3. Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Research Objectives Scope of study: scope is limited to only Objectives of the study: This project aims at studying the present market scenario.The major players in the market today are Airtel, Vodafone,Bsnl, Tata indicom ,Reliance,Idea.All The companies want to capture the market study concerns with evaluating fast developing area and so all the service providers were taken to measure the satisfaction of customer Hyderabad and secunderabad region

The main objective of the study are: 1. Service providers in the market which are not reaching the customer. 2. To study the customer satisifaction towards mobile service providers. 3. To study and identify how the customers are benefited. 4. To evaluate the major service provider satisified the customer. 5. To assess the needs, requirements and expectations of the customers in order to assess their current satisfaction levels. 6. To know the attitude, enthusiasm regarding the service provided to customers. 7. To understand the performance of different brands in the market on various

parameters like product quality, performance of the customer relationship officer (CRO), service quality, range and selection of products available. About the company IMRB Established in 1971 and with over three decades of market research experience, It is a pioneer in India in various research areas. Associated with a group of international market companies .International promises high quality conceptualization, ISMRB International is the only research company in India today that offers the entire range of research based services to its clients. consumer market research both quantitative and qualitative, industrial market research, business to business market research, social and rural market research, media research, retail research, and consumer panels. This provides specialist research services to its clients in India and overseas on products and services covering the entire business and industry. IMRB International today, operates out of its five full service offices in Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai and Bangalore entire country. and is supported by15 other regional centers for collection of survey information that literally spanthe

ABACUS FIELD

Abacus Field handles the field operations for all the business divisions in IMRB. it has a network of 15 regional offices spread across the country that gives IMRB the capability to run pan India research projects smoothly &effectively. In research infrastructure in neighbouring countries. They work with associate companies in Sri Lanka (Lanka Market Research Bureau) and in the Middle East(Arab Market Research Bureau), and through affiliates in Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Egypt, Tunisia, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar.

Research Limitation Limitations of the Study Carrying the survey was a general learning experience for us but we also faced some problems, which are listed here: The market of Telecommunication is too vast and it is not possible to cover each and every dealer, manufacturer and seller in the available short span of time. Generally the respondents were busy in their work and were not interested in responding rightly. Respondents were reluctant to discover complete and correct information about themselves and their organization. Most respondents were not maintaining proper knowledge of various services provided by their company, so they were unable to provide exact information.

 Most of the respondents dont want to disclose the information about the various other companies which they have experienced before. Some of the respondents were using the service first time of their company and they were not able to properly differentiate among their product. Due to human behavior information may be biased. Mainly in BSNL case.

Research Methodology

Sources of Data SOURCES OF DATA The study undertaken there to be mainly based on the primary data i.e. structured questionnaire is designed. The study also contains secondary data i.e. data from authenticated websites and journals for the latest updates just to gain an insight for the views of various experts. METHODOLOGY & PRESENTATION OF DATA The data collected is then coded in the tables to make the things presentable and more effective. The results are shown by tables which will help me out in easy and effective presentation and hence results are being obtained. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES USED FOR ANALYSIS In this study the technique used for interpreting the results is CHI SQUARE test. It is used as because sample size is 100. Sampling Design RESEARCH DESIGN The design for this study is Exploratory and Random sampling

Collection Method DATA COLLECTION The data is collected randomly irrespective of the category of the people in the form of questionnaire and the sample size is 100 respondents. Because it is a pilot study and due to time constraint the sample size is small. Research Definition The word research is derived from the Latin word meaning to know. It is a systematic and a replicable process, which identifies and defines problems, within specified boundaries. It employs well-designed method to collect the data and analyses the results. It disseminates the findings to contribute to generalize able knowledge. The main characteristics of research presented below are: Systematic problem solving which identifies variables and tests relationships between them, Collecting, organizing and evaluating data. Logical, so procedures can be duplicated or understood by others

Empirical, so decisions are based on data collected to a larger

Reductive, so it investigates a small sample which can be generalized population

Replicable, so others may test the findings by repeating it.

Discovering new facts or verify and test old facts. Developing new scientific tools, concepts and theories, this would facilitate to take decision. For the proper analysis of data simple statistical techniques such as percentage were use. It helps in making more generalization from the data available. The data which will be collected from a sample of population was assumed to be representing entire population was interest. Demographic factors likeage, income and educational background was used for the classification purpose.

DATA ANALYSIS

1. Do you use or own a Smartphone as your primary mobile phone? A.Yes B.No

2. What brand of smartphone do you use? (select your primary mobile phone if you have more than one) (b).RIM/Blackber ry 35% (d). Windows OS

(a). iPhone 65%

. Andoid OS

3. EXCLUDING VOICE CALLS, how often do you use your smart phone in these situations?

A. Idle time at work or school (during breaks, lunch, boring meetings/classes, etc.) B.Riding the bus, train, or in car as passenger (commute) C.Waiting in line (examples: coffee shop, grocery store, for movie to start, picking up kids, etc.) D.In bed when you wake up (weekend leisure time. before you get out of bed for work, etc.) E.For work related tasks

4. Multitasking: EXCLUDING VOICE CALLS, what are the other functions that you use in your smart phone? A.Surfing & Browsing B.Playing Games

C.Watching Live Television.

6. tick all the options you use on your smartphone. A.Text messaging (SMS) B.Reading e-mail C.Net browsing D.Talking on the phone E.Viewing content on social networks F.Weather forecasts GMaps, GPS H.News I.Listening to music

7. How do you consume news on a smartphone?

A.Read articles on individual news sites (ex. NYTimes.com, WSJ.com) B.Skim news articles and content from multiple sources C.View news at Google News, Yahoo News, etc. (multi-source news aggregators) Search for news D.Use sources like Twitter and Facebook to find news content E.Receive news alerts on your smartphone F.View news from friends recommendations sent to you on your smartphone G.Listen to audio news (podcasts or streaming audio) H.Search for news using Twitter

8. What types of news do you typically read, listen to, view, or seek out on your smartphone?

A.Weather B.Breaking news C.National news D.International news E.Local or state news F.Sports news G.Business/technology news H.Personalized news I.Specific columnists bloggers

10. How much are you willing to spend on a mobile phone? o Less than 2000 o Rs.2000-Rs.5000 o Rs.5000-Rs.10000 o Rs.10000-Rs.15000 o Above Rs.15000

11. How often do you change your mobile phone? o Every 4 years or even longer o Every 3 years o Every 2 years o Every 1 year o More than a year

Conclusion CONCLUSION As per my belief we have seen that the choice of mobile handset and services can not be separated came out true because when we tried to find out the customer decision .we successfully classified customers in to eight group each with some special requirement service wise and handsets attribute wise. Competition in telecom industry is heating up its time for Indian telecom players also to align up in the new dynamic business environment. Telcom majors should think to launch the product according to the needs of customers to satisfy them and make them brand loyal as very soon this blue ocean of Indian telecom scenario will convert into red ocean where the loss of is the gain of other .They should also think for searching new space or we can say either creating a new blue space to sustain their growth in long run. There is more room for data analysis but the rest of the part is beyond the scope of this project report According to the results, the most important determinant for consumers are price and sacrifice perception (monetary and non-monetary sacrifice), which in perception. These are periodical fixed cost, minute or traffic charge and opening cost when purchasing mobile phone. The results indicate that the minute charge is the most influential factor when a customer assesses to purchase. The second most important factor is the periodical fixed cost and another factor is the opening cost. These indicate, not surprisingly, that communication firms need to deeply

consider. Also, this indicates that a lot of effort must be put in the pricing strategy. Quality of service and the ability to attract and retain customers dictate the success or failure of next-generation communications service providers. In todays competitive environment, customers are quick to abandon services that do not meet expectations. The ease with which customers can switch from their current service to another, demands that providers deliver the highest possible levels of service quality and performance. To be successful, communications service providers must deliver positive customer experiences with rich, valueadded services supported by comprehensive service quality management. To this effect-Mobile services has experienced the negative attributes of not being customer focused and realizes that quality is an attribute that creates customer satisfaction profitably. Therefore quality must be fused with all resources channeled towards their customers

Bibliography REFERANCES
1. Jallet, Frederic, Yield management, Dynamic pricing and CRM in

telecommunications, (http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessioni d=236E2B6B45CF101465D540FD4401AEB9? contentType=Article&hdAction=lnkhtml&contentId=1747102&histor y=true>) [Viewed 13/3/09] 2. Debnath, Roma Mitra, Benchmarking telecommunication service in India, 2008 (http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessioni d=236E2B6B45CF101465D540FD4401AEB9? contentType=Article&hdAction=lnkhtml&contentId=1742535&histor y=true>) [Viewed 2/3/09]
3. Robins, Fread, The marketing of 3G, vol 21, no 6, 2008

(http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessioni d=236E2B6B45CF101465D540FD4401AEB9? contentType=Article&hdAction=lnkhtml&contentId=854647&history =true>) [Viewed 2/4/09]

4. Kalwani, Banumathy, Consumers Attitude towards Cell phone

Services, 2006

5. Fernandez, Fronnie, Understanding Dynamics in an Evolving

Industry: Case of Mobile VAS in India, 2007 (http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsession id=2086527F0757A565F9A6CBAC8800F658? contentType=Article&hdAction=lnkhtml&contentId=881588&history =true>) [Viewed 4/4/09]
6. Kumar, Kaliyamoorthy, Influence of Demographic Variables on

Marketing Strategies in the Competitive Scenario, 2007 (http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsession id=2086527F0757A565F9A6CBAC8800F658? contentType=Article&hdAction=lnkhtml&contentId=881588&history =true>) [Viewed 4/4/09] 7. Seth et, Etal, Managing the Customer Perceived Service Quality for Cellular Mobile Telephone: an Empirical Investigation, 2008 (http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsession id=2086527F0757A565F9A6CBAC8800F658? contentType=Book&hdAction=lnkhtml&contentId=1758667&history =true>) [Viewed 6/4/09]
8. Tecor, Jha, Understanding Mobile Phone Usage Pattern among

College-Goers, 2008 (http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsession id=2086527F0757A565F9A6CBAC8800F658? contentType=Book&hdAction=lnkhtml&contentId=1760544&history =true>) [Viewed 7/4/09]

9. Bhatt, Andre, A Study of Mobile Phone Usage Among the Post

Graduate Students, 2008

10.Chris, Kambitsis, Telecom advertising in print media, 2003 Journal

The Indian Telecom Industry, IIM Calutta, Vatsal Goyal, 2007 Investment Surge in the Indian Telecom Space, Times Global, Issue 2, 2008 A multiple-perspective model for technology assessment, vol 3, 2008 The marketing of 3G, Vol 21, no. 6, 2003

Books

Zeithaml, Valarie (2008), Service Marketing, 4th Ed. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Lmt.

QUESTIONAIRE
Name: Age: Gender: Qualification: Occupation: 1. Do you use or own a Smartphone as your primary mobile phone? A.Yes B.No

2. What brand of smartphone do you use? (select your primary mobile phone if you have more than one) (a). iPhone . Andoid OS (b).RIM/Blackberry (d). Windows OS

3. EXCLUDING VOICE CALLS, how often do you use your smart phone in these situations?

A. Idle time at work or school (during breaks, lunch, boring meetings/classes, etc.) B.Riding the bus, train, or in car as passenger (commute) C.Waiting in line (examples: coffee shop, grocery store, for movie to start, picking up kids, etc.) D.In bed when you wake up (weekend leisure time. before you get out of bed for work, etc.) E.For work related tasks

4. Multitasking: EXCLUDING VOICE CALLS, what are the other functions that you use in your smart phone? A.Surfing & Browsing B.Playing Games

C.Watching Live Television. 5. Under what other situations do you use your smartphone and multitask? ___________

6. tick all the options you use on your smartphone. A.Text messaging (SMS) B.Reading e-mail C.Net browsing D.Talking on the phone E.Viewing content on social networks F.Weather forecasts GMaps, GPS H.News I.Listening to music

7. How do you consume news on a smartphone?

A.Read articles on individual news sites (ex. NYTimes.com, WSJ.com) B.Skim news articles and content from multiple sources C.View news at Google News, Yahoo News, etc. (multi-source news aggregators) Search for news D.Use sources like Twitter and Facebook to find news content E.Receive news alerts on your smartphone F.View news from friends recommendations sent to you on your smartphone G.Listen to audio news (podcasts or streaming audio) H.Search for news using Twitter

8. Are there additional ways you prefer to consume news on your smartphone that were not mentioned in the above question? _____________

9. What types of news do you typically read, listen to, view, or seek out on your smartphone?

A.Weather B.Breaking news C.National news D.International news

E.Local or state news

F.Sports news G.Business/technology news H.Personalized news I.Specific columnists bloggers

J.Investigative rep 10. How much are you willing to spend on a mobile phone? o Less than 2000 o Rs.2000-Rs.5000 o Rs.5000-Rs.10000 o Rs.10000-Rs.15000 o Above Rs.15000 11. How often do you change your mobile phone? o Every 4 years or even longer o Every 3 years o Every 2 years o Every 1 year o More than a year

12. If you are to buy a smart phone, how important are these factors below in influencing your decision:

a) Price b) Quality c) Design & Style d) Features e) Performance f) Credibility of the brand g) Prestige