TRAINING REPORT AT THE WELL

TEOTLECO 02 8 STAGE
BY

ING EDGAR FERNAN ESPINOSA CAZARIN

PEMEX ALIANZ II
PREPARED FOR ING NATI JIMENEZ ING MONSERRAT HERNANDEZ

Content
................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 3 Scope ................................................................................................................... 3 Report Description ............................................................................................... 3 Mechanical state .................................................................................................. 4 Well Casing .......................................................................................................... 4 Drill String, Bit and Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)................................................ 4 Annulus volume ................................................................................................... 5 Mud Pumps .......................................................................................................... 5 Mud Pits ............................................................................................................... 6 Reserves Tanks ................................................................................................... 6 Solid Control Equipment (SCE) ............................................................................ 7 Wellbore Antecedents ............................................................................................. 7 Drilling Operation..................................................................................................... 8 DFG Simulations ................................................................................................... 10 Logistic .................................................................................................................. 10 Fluid Test............................................................................................................... 11 Inventory................................................................................................................ 13 List of Products...................................................................................................... 14 Health Safety and Environment (HSE) .................................................................. 15 Conclusions and Recommendations ..................................................................... 15

Introduction
Scope
I had the opportunity to be in the first stage of this well, in that stage a 17.5 inch bit size was used to drill the first stage. This well has a slim design for this reason the third stage will be drilled with a PDC 8 1/2 bit. The formation that will be drilled is almost one hundred percent of shale, in a high pressure zone; a lost pressure problem should not exist while the mud weigh condition been maintained according to the program, notwithstanding other problem could happened as a stuck pipe due to the well angle. Now I should take part of the operation, and give my recommendations about mud treatment and also I should realize hydraulic simulations in order to reach a good hole clean and maintain the mud in excellent conditions

Report Description
The report will be present in the following form: 1. Those thinks that you should know at the first day at the Well: Mechanical State Mud Pits Capability Revers Tanks Capability Mud Mixing Equipment Mud System 2. .Operations at the Well. Well antecedents Drilling Operations Electrical Register Cementing 3. Mud Engineer Roles Logistic Mud Test Inventory List of products HSE Conclusions and Recommendations

Mechanical state Well Casing

In the table below appear the casing properties. Type OD (in) 20 13.375 9.625 Weight (lbm/ft) 129.33 54.50 53.50 ID (in) 18.750 12.615 8.535 Shoe MD (ft) 164.05 3281 10335.15 Shoe TVD (ft) 164.05 3281 10335.15

Conductor Casing Intermediate Casing Conductor Casing

The well capacity in the casing and the open hole is in (lbb):

8.535 10335.15 8.5 1341.929 825.88lbb

2 2

1029

1029

Drill String, Bit and Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)

The principal characteristical of drill string used in this stage were the directional tools, all of these tools are very sophisticated and the mud should be in good conditions with respect to the low solid rate concentration, according with the mud weight used. Also the Solid control equipment might work in excellent conditions due to the formations solid could damage the directional tools. A long this stage the Well direction was built using the LWD and the mud motor, and the bit used was a PDC bit. Component Data
Item # Description OD (In) ID (In) Weight (lb/ft) Top Connect Serial Length (m) Cumulative Length (m)

1 1 1 1 1 1

PDC Bit Mud Motor Stabilizer Pony collar 8 Stabilizer 8x12 Double Pin

8.5 6

3 5.25

230 123.16

8 8 8

2.75 2.8 3.25

147.22 150.13 143.03

P6-5/8 REG B6 5/8 REG B6 5/8 REG B6 5/8 REG B6 5/8 REG B6 5/8 REG

11806241 10469969

0.32 9.16

0.32 9.48

11460380 11673574 10469593

3.05 2.68 0.41

6.28 15.01 15.42

EWRcollar 8 (resistivit y) DGR Collar (Gamma Ray) HCMI Collar 8 (battery) TM/DM Collar CPV Drill Collar Sledgeha mmer 8 Combinat ion DP HW 5 NC 50 196.54

151

B6 5/8 REG

10469593

3.69

19.11

142.7

285841

1.37

20.48

1 1 1 5 1 1 12 Length Total

8 8 7.875 8 8.125 5 5

2 3 3.25 2.25 2.75 2.875 3

149.9 147.22 137.72 157.4 132.58 44.79 53.6

B6 5/8 REG B6 5/8 REG 6 5/8 REG 6 5/8 REG 6 5/8 REG NC 50

10909619 10688002 SSFS8014 PEMEX 11652864 PEMEX PEMEX

1.45 4.6 0.74 9.156 6.56 9.52 9.53

21.93 26.53 27.27 73.05 79.61 81.99 196.54

The bit data appear in the next table Bit Data Bit Size (in) Manufacturer Model 8.5 HDBS FX65 Nozzles FTA 6X20/32 1.841

Annulus volume
The volume in the annulus is in (lbb):

8.535
Mud Pumps

5 2 10335.15 1029

8.5

5 2 134 1.929 1029

542.18lbb

At this well there are two triplex pumps, the piston on a triplex mud pump work only on the forward stroke and generally short strokes.

Mud Pump Pump

Mud pump 1 Mud Pump 2

Liner Diameter (in) 6.5 6.5

Length Liner Adjust (in) pressure (psi 14 14 4500 4500

Model

Type

LEWCO 2214 National 14-P-220

TRIPLEX TRIPLEX

The volume displacement for each pump is

6 12 0.95 0.1365 lbb stk mud pump 1

2

4116

Both pumps has the same configurations, and displacement the same volume

Mud Pits
In the Table below appear the mud pits and its capacity Mud Pits Pit Names Max Capacity Minimum (lbb) Capacity (lbb) Suction Pit 0.165 166 75.47 Pill Pit 0.058 58.36 25.15 Mix Pit 0.274 275.47 50.31 Settling pit 0.203 254.6 Sand Trap 94.3 3 The maximum volume in all the pits is 135 m , is very important to know and be care full with the mud moves among the pits if doesnt have control of the volumes could occurred a spill. Factor

Reserves Tanks
The capacity of the reserves tanks is show in the next table Reserve Tanks Name Vertical Tank N 1 Elevate Tank Silo N 1 Silo N 2 Silo N 2 Capacity (lbb) 50 18 45 45 45 Material Control Fluid Light Fluid Barite Barite Barite Supplier HALLIBURTON PEMEX HALLIBURTON HALLIBURTON HALLIBURTON

Solid Control Equipment (SCE)

The Solid control is one of the most important aspects of mud System control, since it has a direct bearing on drilling efficiency. Solid Control Equipment Style Centrifuge Centrifuge Shaker Shaker Shaker Mud Cleaner Equipment Alfa laval 1458 Alfa laval 1458 D-285 D-285 D-285 -

The flow used with this bit size is just 430 gpm, for that reason just was used two shakers during this stage. The rest of the equipment was used only in special case, when the mud weight was increased, situation that occurred in few times Type of screens for each shaker used for this drilling stay Type of mesh used along the stage Day Interval 04-01-13 3559-3497 05-01-13 3618-3559 06-01-13 3638-3618 08-01-13 3691-3638 09-01-13 3745-3691 10-01-13 3770-3745 16-01-13 3818-3770 17-01-13 3915-3818 18-01-13 3988-3915 19-01-13 4076-3988 20-01-13 4158-4076 21-01-13 4281-4158 22-01-13 4324-4281 Type of screen 120-120-100-80 120-120-100-80 120-120-140-170 120-120-140-170 120-120-140-170 120-120-140-170 120-120-140-170 120-120-140-170 120-120-140-170 120-120-140-170 120-120-140-170 120-120-140-170 120-120-140-170

Different arrays were used thought the stage, because the mud weight was increasing according the deep.

Wellbore Antecedents
This well is located in the Teotleco field; the last well drilled by BAROID in this field was the Teotleco 15. For the type of well design, this stage have been drilled with 8.5 bit, the first stage was drilled with 17.5 in bit, and the second stage was drilled with 12.25 in bit. In this stage the well angle was built with the

directional tools, (MWD and Mud motor), these tools send their signal through the mud, for that reason the mud properties should be in adequate conditions, in order to achieve a good signal and get more detailed results. This stage began in 10335.15 ft, and the footage when I came was 1138.5 ft, the stage just had seven days.

Drilling Operation
Between slide drilled meter and rotate drilled the drilling operations was in normal conditions. While the angle was build the ROP was less due to the drilling was in slide form, in average 30 minutes per meter, otherwise when the meters were with rotate the ROP was in average 5 minutes. These highs ROP needed a good hole cleaned. Following the process PM-MXS-HAL-BDF-400 for the execution of the service order, the parameters that might be follow while the drilling operations are the density, the mud pit volume, and the viscosity. Each 30 minutes these parameters are measured. Any variations in the volume should be notified to the driller. This could be indications of a loss circulation or a blowout. The drilling parameters appear in the table below. Drilling Parameters Day Drilled ROP meters m/h Volume in the hole (m3) 2.26 2.15 0.73 1.94 12.2 Interval Volumen loss in SCE (m3) 5.94 6.98 2 10.54 11.20 Formation

04/01 05/01 06/01 08/01 09/01

62 59 20 53 55

8.5 12.1 6.6 9.2 7.4

3559 - 3497 3618 - 3559 3638 - 3618 3691- 3638 3745 - 3691

10/12 16/01 17/01 18/01 19/01 20/01 21/01 22/01 26/01 28/01

25 48 97 73 88 82 123 43 17 8

4.8 13.1 13.3 10 12 15.8 20.2 15.7 11.2 26.2

0.91 1.75 3.55 2.67 3.22 3.00 4.50 1.57 0.62 0.29

3770 - 3745 3818 - 3770 3915 - 3818 3988 - 3915 4076 - 3988 4158 - 4076 4281 - 4158 4324 - 4281 4341 - 4324 4349 - 4341

3 3.72 9.66 8.41 7.77 4 3.75 0.96 1.28 0.50

100% Shale 100 % Shale 100% Shale 100% Shale 10% Mud stone 90% Shale 100% Shale 100% shale 100% shale 100% shale 100% shale 100 % shale 100% shale 100% shale 100% shale 100% shale

29/01

83

11.3

3.03

4432- 4349

4.58

100% shale

During the first drilling days, 273 meters were drilled, with good ROP and keeping the angle and the course, drilling in slide form using the mud motor. But the well angle according to the plan was 41 degree, in order to get a better angle construction, and safety operations, the Kelly system was replaced by a TOPDRIVE system, this change took six day including the out trip and the in trip. Before trip out started a viscous pill was pump for clean the entire hole. The high viscosity pill helped to sweep all the cuttings deposited in the annulus and avoid a resistance along the trip out. As the table shows with the after the TOP DRIVE was installed, the ROP increase almost in two times. But the cuttings load was higher that the Kelly. The formation drilled is a high pressure zone. One characteristic of these fields is the high rotary torque even rotary stopped, and drags through the trips. For this reason a high density program was designed to reach a high ROP and avoid problems. The density program is showed in the table below: Fluid Density Program Deep (m) 3150 3550 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4675 4750 5670 Density (gr) 1.95 1.96 1.97 1.98 1.99 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.05

The density program was followed until 4281 m deep, where a pack pipe almost occurred, with this event was decided increase the density in two points until 2.01 gr/cc. the other modifications in the program was at 4047 during the trip in, other drag was observed and the program was changed one more time, the density was raised one point until 2.02 gr/cc.

The problems with the directional tools make lost much time with tripping for check the tools signals.

DFG Simulations
A long the Drilling the ECD was predicted using the DFG simulator. Also the hole cleaned was simulated, and the maximum cuttings charge was simulated in this software. Theses parameters are calculate while have been drilling.

As mud engineer we should give these recommendations to the driller in order to avoid a lost circulation during the Run casing and during the cementing. With the high weight has driven the ECD should be followed in order to avoid a lost circulations of fracture the same. The fracture pressure is 2.23 gr/cc

Logistic
The logistic is very important, you should in contact with the supervisor and him with the mud plant, in order to request the mud necessary due to the material o some other thing than they should provide you. All off those requests are elaborate with a format FO-MXS-HAL-BDF-200B-101 With the quantity of material used during this stage the logistic take a lot importance. Also the Fluid requirements were more, this due to the volume consumed during the stage are large, and the impregnation of the solid is a lot to. An effective communication with the supervisor should be keep, in order to have de adequate materials in time and form. In this well one problem was that only has one vertical tanks, for this reason the mud request

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Fluid Test
The Fluid used during the stage was the INVERMUL system; INVERMUL tight-emulsion systems provide high-temperature stability and tolerance to contaminants. This system use high concentrations of emulsifiers and fluid-loss agents for maximum emulsion stability and minimal filtrate loss. The system presented a problem with the electrical stability, this is a factor very important due to if this value is less than 700 V, could be a sign of have a weak stability and the emulsion could break if a contamination occurred. Firs to all is necessary establish what is the reason for the stability is too low? One factor could be a contamination with water, or water-wet solids or even a high salt concentration are factors that affect the electrical stability value. To solve this problem all of those factors should be discard, the water relation was kept in 85/15 or even 86/14, the water contain never was higher. The water-wet solid was a problem due to the system was increased its weight adding barite, (solids), a concentration of wettings should be kept. Finally the concentration of emulsifier was low according to the laboratory analysis realize by the tech support. The concentration recommended by the lab tech, was a 5 l/m3 of emulsifier per 5 l/m3 of wetting, and 5 kg/m3 of Lyme. According with the pilot tests the electrical stability should reach values closer of 1200 V, enough high for ensure a stable emulsion. The total system circulation was 250 m3 the concentrations used to solve this problem were: ( )( ) ( )

The same calculus was realized to get the quantity of wetting used, and the quantities of lime used. With the addition of these concentrations the problem was solved, furthermore the temperature along the drilling helped to improve this parameter. The other parameter that was adjusted was the salinity, this due to the behavior of the formation. The concentration of cacl2 should be raised until 295000ppm according to the hydrometer test.

11

( (

) )( )(

( )

)(

)(

Desired weight % CaCl2: D%CaCl2 %purity CaCl2 %purity

CaCl2 (lb/bbl whole mud) to add= [ ( ] )( )

[ ( )

] (

In the table below appears the parameters in the minimum and maximum mud weight used during the drilling Fluid Test Parameters Density (gr/cc) Funnel Viscosity (s) Filtered (cc) Filter Cake (mm) Gels (lb/100 ft2) Salinity % Solid %Oil %water R O/W Plastic Viscosity (cp) Yield Point (lb/100 ft2) Electrical stability (volts) Miminum 1.95 78 2.2 1 18/29 260000 37 53 9 85/15 48 29 435 Maximum 2.02 82 2.4 1 24/35 295,000 38 52 9 85/15 51 31 978

12

Lyme excess (Kg/m3) Alkalinity (ml) 600/300 200/100 6/3

19.21 5.3 125/77 56/37 18/16

20.32 5.5 133/82 61/43 21/20

Inventory
One of the most important aspects of any business is inventory management and the Drilling Fluid is not the exception, for that reason we should keep ours inventory update every day, and have a perfect control about the products that were using along the stage. The List Below contain the product used during my period in this well, each material is used according to the analysis that was realized to the mud, and in order to hold the properties according to the targets parameters Inventory Product Barite BAROFIBRE COARSE Calcium carbonate coarse (M100) Calcium carbonate medium (M200) CALCIUM CHLORIDE PEL DURATONE EZ MUL INVERMUL NT LIME HYDRATED GELTONE V STEALSEAL 400 Unit Begin 1 Tonne 128 40 lbm 74 bag 25 kg 280 Bag 25 Bag kg 105 received 86 Sent Used 99 Final 115 74 210

70

140

35

210

25 KG Bag 50 lbm Bag 55 Gal Drum 55 Gal Drum 25 Kg Bag 55 Gal DRUM 50 kg Bag

100

70

70

100

75 6 8 140 57 122

50 16 12 200 25

25 14

100 8

212 2

128 30 122

13

List of Products
The list below contains the Baroids product used during the stay, with these products an adequate treatment was given to the system List Product Product Name BAROFIBRE COARSE Function Sweeping agent Description is a synthetic fiber and is suitable for use in all fluid types, vertical and horizontal wells, and is an ideal product for use during milling operations is a modified lignitic product which is the primary filtration control additive for INVERMUL. reduce HTHP Filtrate at temperatures reaching 500F Emulsifier is the primary emulsifier and oil-wetting agent for application in INTEGRADE drilling fluid systems. When FORTI-MUL emulsifier is used with RHEMOD L viscosifier and ADAPTA filtrate reducer, it aids in producing a stable invert emulsion system with low filtration rates Primary emulsifier is designed for mineral oil and paraffin based drilling fluid systems. emulsifier helps stabilize emulsions, aid suspension properties, and reduce HPHT filtration lost circulation material products are resilient, angular, dual-carbon based lost circulation materials. These unique

DURATONE-HT

Filtration control agent

EZ MUL

Wetting agent

INVERMUL

Emulsifier

STEAL SEAL (100 AND Bridging Agent 200)

14

resilient graphitic carbon (RGC) products allow tightly packed particles, under compression in pores and micro fractures, to compress and then expand without being dislodged by changes in differential pressure.

Health Safety and Environment (HSE)

Each week a Health Safety and Environment tour is realized, identifying the problems related with the safety problems. This part is as important as the same operation, or even more. Baroid has a different process to spread towards us, and our customers the HSE policies. The different Formats elaborated to spread our HSE policies are: FO-MXS-HAL-BDF-400D Security meeting FO-MXS-HAL-BDF-400H Safety Tours FO-MXS-HAL-BDF-231A check list charge an discharge

Additionally the AST format is elaborate to comply with PEMEX policies.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Through this stage the angle was buit, with it, the drilling operation was slowly, due to much of the meters were slides, and per each slide meter the ROP raised until 45 minutes per meter drilled. A 47 angle was built by the directional operators, using the mud motor and its directional tools. The troubles relationship with the mud was the mentioned in along this report, the stability problem, and in some drilling days, the pass of cuttings through the control solid equipment, situation that was followed with the SCE operators. The concentration of drilled solid always was in conditions, but the addition of barite also was a factor for raise this parameter. The addition of emulsifier in conjunction with wetting and lime help to stabilize the emulsion. The concentration used was almost two time bigger that the lab tech, but the fluid received had a low concentration of emulsifier and wetting, for that reason should increase this concentration.

15

One problem maybe was the concentration of organophilic clays used for the mud plant, due to this material usually has a better reaction when has contact with high temperatures. My recommendation is request a mud with light rheological parameters, in order to avoid high plastic viscosities when this material has a reaction with the high temperatures in the wellbore.

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