Tuyen Chon Bai Tap Vo Co Thi Dai Hoc

Bi tp tng hp Ha i cng - v c
1-Cu hnh electron- V tr Tnh cht ho hc c trng

T s hiu nguyn t (Z) vit cu hnh electron. 1-Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c Z=20 v Z=35. Hy cho bit v tr ca tng nguyn t trong bng tun hon v d on xem nguyn t l kim loi hay phi kim ? (H M a cht-98) 2-S th t ca nguyn t A l 8, nguyn t B l 17, nguyn t C l 19. Vit cu hnh electron ca chng v cho bit chng thuc chu k no, nhm no? (H An ninh-99) 3-Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X (Z = 13). Cho bit ho tr ca X. Nguyn t X c th c ho tr no khc? Ho tnh c trng ca X. Cho 1 v d minh ho. Vit cng thc cu to ca oxit, baz v mui sunfat ca X. 4-Cho nguyn t A c Z = 16. a. Xc nh v tr ca A trong bng tun hon. b. A l kim loi hay phi kim? Gii thch. c. A va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh. Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho. (HQGTPHCM-99) 5- Cho hai nguyn t A v B c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 11 v 13. a. Vit cu hnh electron v cho bit v tr ca chng trong bng h thng tun hon (s th t, chu k, nhm). b. A c kh nng to ra ion A+ v B to ra ion B3+. Hy so snh bn knh ca A vi A+ ; B vi B3+v A vi B. Gii thch. (H Hu-2001-tr135) 6- Hy vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t c 2 electron c thn lp ngoi cng vi iu kin: S hiu nguyn t Z < 20. a-C bao nhiu nguyn t ng vi tng cu hnh electron ni trn, cho bit tn ca chng.
b- Vit cng thc phn t ca cc hp cht c th c c ch t cc nguyn t ni trn. (HKTQD-97-tr38) 7- Nguyn t Cr c 24 electron; nguyn t Cu c 29 electron. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca Cr v Cu. Trong cc hp cht, Cr v Cu c cc s oxi ho no? (H Lt-98) 8-a/ Vit s phn b electron vo cc obitan trong nguyn t S v ion S2 . T gii thch v sao ion S2 ch c tnh kh, nguyn t S va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ho. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho. Bit S 16 trong bng h thng tun hon. (H Nng1998) 9-Vit cu hnh electron ca CaO, Ca2+, SO, S2 ; Bit canxi 20; lu hunh 16 trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. (H Thng Mi 1999) 10- Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion Fe3+, Fe2+, S2 bit s th t ca S v Fe trong bng H thng tun hon tng ng l 16 v 26. (BC VT-99) 11-Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion S4+, Fe2+ v vit cc phng trnh phn ng chng minh cc ion ny va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh. Cho bit s th t ca S, Fe ln lt l 16, 26. (H M-a cht-2000-tr241) 12-Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t F (Z=9) v ion F . Xc nh v tr (, nhm, chu k) ca cc nguyn t X, Y bit rng chng to c anion X2 v cation Y+ c cu hnh electron ging ion F . (H Cn Th-98) 13-a. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t F ( th 9), Cl ( th 17), Br ( th 35). Trn c s cho bit tnh cht ho hc c trng ca chng l g v gii thch s bin thin tnh cht ho hc ca cc nguyn t theo th t F, Cl, Br.
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b. Sp xp cc axit sau theo chiu tnh axit tng dn HCl, HF, HBr. (H Y Thi Bnh-98) 14-Trong h thng tun hon cc nguyn t, nguyn t A c s th t Z = 8, nguyn t B c s th t Z = 15. a. Vit cu hnh electron ca A v ca B vi y cc lng t. b. Xc nh v tr (chu k, nhm, phn nhm) ca A v ca B trong h thng tun hon. Cho bit tn A v B. c. Vit cng thc electron ca hp cht c th c gia A v B. Trong mi phn t, lp electron ngoi cng ca B c bao nhiu electron? (CSP TPHCM-98) 15-Nguyn t X c s th t bng 20. a. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca X. b. Cho bit v tr ca X trong bng h thng tun hon, tn ca nguyn t X. c. Cho bit lin kt ho hc trong hp cht ca X vi clo. d. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra ti cc in cc khi in phn dung dch XCl2 dng bnh in phn c mng ngn, catot bng st, anot bng than ch. pH ca dung dch thay i nh th no trong qu trnh in phn? (HKTQD-2000tr52) 16-Hy vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t A c Z = 16? Nguyn t A c th kt hp vi hiro to ra hp cht B c cng thc H2A c mi trng thi. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c) ca B vi oxi, cc dung dch SO2, H2SO4 c, HNO3 c, nc clo, Fe2(SO4)3, CuSO4 v FeSO4? (HVQHQT-2001tr227) 17-a. Vit cu hnh electron v s phn b electron theo obitan ca Ca v Ca2+. T hy cho bit v tr ca Ca trong bng tun hon (chu k, nhm).
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b. Hy gii thch tnh oxi ho- kh ca Ca v Ca 2+ khi tham gia cc phn ng ho hc Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho. (H TL-99) 18- Al c s th t 13 trong H thng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. -Vit cu hnh electron ca Al v Al3+. -Vit cc phng trnh phn ng chng minh: + Al c tnh kh mnh. + Al2O3 v Al(OH)3 l oxit v hiroxit lng tnh. (CTCKT-98) 19- Vit cu hnh electron ca: - Nguyn t Fe c Z = 26. - Ion Fe2+. - Ion Fe3+. (HDL ng -CB99) 20- St (Fe. c Z = 26. Vit cu hnh electron v trnh by tnh cht ho hc ca st. (H M a cht-98) 21-Cho bit st c s hiu nguyn t l 26. 1. Khng dng bng h thng tun hon, hy xc nh v tr ca n (chu k, nhm v phn nhm) trong bng. 2. Cho bit cc s oxi ho c th c ca st. 3. Vit phng trnh phn ng biu din mi quan h gia cc s oxi ho ca st sau y (mi mi tn cho mt v d). Fe
(1) (2)
2+
Fe
(6) (3) (4)
(5)
Fe
3+
(HDL Hi Phng-2000tr349-H Ti chnh KTHN-2001tr-56) 22-1) Cho 10 gam mt kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc, thu c 6,11 lt kh hiro ( o 25oC v 1 atm) Hy xc nh tn ca kim loi kim th dng. (SGK 12tr116)
2) Cho 1,80 gam kim loi X thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II ca bng tun hon phn ng vi nc ta c 1,10 lt hiro 770 mmHg v 29OC. Gi tn X, vit cu hnh electron ca X v ion ca n. Bit rng trong ht nhn nguyn t X s proton bng s ntron. (HSPHN-2001-tr64) 23-Xc nh v tr ca cc nguyn t c s proton l 31, 35, 27, 21 trong bng h thng tun hon. (CSP Bc Ninh-99) 24- Cu c Z = 29. a. Vit cu hnh electron v cho bit v tr ca n trong bng h thng tun hon? b. Cu c th to thnh nhng hp cht ng vi cc s oxi ho no? Cho v d. (H M C-CB99) Bit cu hnh electron, xc nh v tr ca nguyn t trong HTTH 25-Cho bit cu hnh electron ca A: 1s22s22p63s2, ca B: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2. Xc nh v tr (s th t, chu k, phn nhm) ca A, B trong bng h thng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. A, B l nhng nguyn t g? Vit phng trnh phn ng ca A, B vi nc iu kin thng (nu c). (H Thng mi 2001-tr47) 26- 1-Trong bng tun hon c mt ghi: 29 a.Hy cho bit ngha ca ch v cc s X c trong . 10 3d 4s1 b. Xc nh v tr ca X trong bng 63,546 tun tun hon. c. Hon thnh phng trnh theo s sau: (1) hh(HCl + HNO3) (3) X 2O XO X XCl 2
(2) (4)
2- Cho 0,2 mol XO ( cu trn) tan trong H 2SO4 20% un nng, sau lm ngui dung dch n 10 OC. Tnh khi lng tinh th XSO4.5H2O tch khi dung dch, bit
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rng tan ca XSO4 10OC l 17,4 g/100 gam H2O. (H Ngoi thng MN-97-tr68) 27-Cc nguyn t A, B, C c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ln lt l 3s23p1, 3s23p4, 2s22p2. a. Hy xc nh v tr (s th t, chu k, phn nhm) v tn ca A, B, C. b. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng khi cho A ln lt tc dng vi B v C nhit cao. Gi tn sn phm to thnh. (HSP Quy Nhn-99) 28-a. Cc ion X+, Y v nguyn t Z no c cu hnh electron 1s2 2s2 2p6 ? b. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t trung ho X v Y. ng vi mi nguyn t, nu mt tnh cht ho hc c trng v mt phn ng chng minh. (HQGTPHCM-t 1-1998) 29- Nguyn t A khng phi l kh him, nguyn t c phn lp electron ngoi cng l 4p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c phn lp electron ngoi cng l 4s. a. Nguyn t no l kim loi? l phi kim? b. Xc nh cu hnh electron ca A v B, bit tng s electron ca hai phn lp ngoi cng ca A v B bng 7. (HY dcTPHCM-99) 30-Cation M+ c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. a.Vit cu hnh electron v trnh by s phn b electron trn cc obitan (cc vung lng t) ca nguyn t M. b. Cho bit v tr ca M trong h thng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. Gi tn ca M. c. Anion X c cu hnh electron ging ca cation M+, X l nguyn t no? (HQG H Ni-98) 31-Cation R3+ c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. -Vit cu hnh electron ca R v cho bit v tr ca n trong Bng h thng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.
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-Anion X cng c cu hnh electron ging R3+. Cho bit X l nguyn t no? Vit cu hnh electron ca X. -Nu tnh cht ho hc c trng nht ca R v X. Cho v d minh ho. (CSP Bc Giang-99) 32-Ion M3+ c cu to lp v electron ngoi cng l 2 6 2s 2p . -Hy vit cu hnh electron ca M v cho bit M thuc chu k no? Phn nhm no v l nguyn t g? -Nguyn tc iu ch M t M3+ trong cng nghip? (Nu r cc iu kin cn thit). -Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca M? Vit mt phng trnh phn ng minh ho. (CSP H Ni-2001-tr266) 33- Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng theo s sau: M
(1)
A1 B1
D1
(2) (5)
E1
A2 B2
D2 E2
(3) (6)
A3 B3
(4)
D3 E3
M M
(7)
Cho bit: A1 l oxit kim loi A c in tch ht nhn 3,2.10 18 culng; B1 l oxit phi kim B c cu hnh electron lp v ngoi cng l 2s2 2p2. (H Ngoi Thng-Pha Nam-98) Da vo tng s ht, xc nh v tr ca nguyn t. 35-Hp cht X c dng AB3, tng s ht proton trong phn t l 40. Trong thnh phn ht nhn ca A cng nh B u c s ht proton bng s ht ntron. A thuc chu k 3 bng h thng tun hon. a. Xc nh tn gi ca A, B. b. Xc nh cc loi lin kt c th c trong phn t AB3.
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c. Mt khc ta cng c ion AB32-. Tnh s oxi ho ca A trong AB3, AB32- Trong cc phn ng ho hc ca AB3 v AB32- th A th hin tnh oxi ho, tnh kh nh th no? (H Ti chnh KTHN-2001-tr-57) 36-Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 21. a. Hy xc nh tn nguyn t . b. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t . c. Tnh tng s obitan trong nguyn t ca nguyn t . (HY Dc TPHCM-98) 37-Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn (e, p, n) l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v tn nguyn t. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X v ca cc ion to thnh t X. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho X ln lt tc dng vi: dung dch Fe2(SO4)3; axit HNO3 c nng. (HXD-2001-tr179) 38-Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht mang in v ht khng mang in l 34. Trong s ht mang in gp 1,8333 ln s ht khng mang in. Xc nh R v v v tr ca R trong bng h thng tun hon. (HCn Th 2001-tr214) 39-Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron bng 115; trong s ht mang in gp 1,556 ln s ht khng mang in. 1-Vit cu hnh electron ca X v xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng h thng tun hon. 2-D on tnh cht ho hc c bn ca X dng n cht. Minh ho bng cc phn ng ho hc. (HDL Hng vng-2001-tr305) 40-Hp cht A c to thnh t ion M+ v ion X2 . Tng s 3 loi ht (proton, ntron, electron) trong A l 140. Tng s ht mang in trong ion M+ ln hn tng s ht mang in trong ion X2 l 19. Trong nguyn t M, s ht proton
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t hn s ht ntron 1 ht; trong nguyn t X, s ht proton bng s ht ntron. Vit cu hnh electron ca M+, X2 v gi tn hp cht A. (HAn Giang-2001-tr311) 41-Hp cht Z c to bi hai nguyn t M, R c cng thc MaRb trong R chim 6,667% khi lng. Trong ht nhn nguyn t M c n= p + 4, cn trong ht nhn ca R c n = p , trong n, p, n , p l s ntron v proton tng ng ca M v R. Bit rng tng s ht proton trong phn t Z bng 84 v a + b = 4. Tm cng thc phn t ca Z. (HQGHN 2001) 42-Hp cht A c cng thc l MXx trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng, M l kim loi, X l phi kim chu k 3. Trong ht nhn ca M c: n - p = 4, ca X c: n = p (trong n, n, p, p l s ntron v proton). Tng s proton trong MXx l 58. a. Xc nh tn, s khi ca M v tn, s th t ca nguyn t X trong bng h thng tun hon. b. Vit cu hnh electron ca X. (HDcHN-99) 43-Mt kim loi M c s khi bng 54, tng s ht gm (p + n + e. trong ion M2+ l 78. (p: proton; n: ntron; e: electron). a. Hy xc nh s th t ca M trong bng tun hon v cho bit M l nguyn t no trong s cc nguyn t c k hiu sau y: 54 54 54 54 24 Cr , 25 Mn , 26 Fe , 27 Co b. Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho M(NO3)2 ln lt tc dng vi Cl2, Zn, dung dch Ca(OH)2, dung dch AgNO3, dung dch HNO3 long (to ra NO). T hy cho bit tnh cht ho hc c bn ca ion M2+. (H ngoi-thng 2001tr28)
Cc nguyn t thuc cng mt phn nhm chnh, thuc hai chu k k tip. 44-X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt phn nhm v hai chu k lin tip trong bng h thng tun hon. Tng s cc ht mang in trong nguyn t X v Y l 52. Xc nh s th t ca nguyn t X v Y. Chng thuc nhm my, chu k my trong bng phn loi tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc? (HVNgn hngTPHCM2001tr89) 45-Hai nguyn t A v B hai phn nhm chnh lin tip nhau trong bng h thng tun hon. Tng s hiu nguyn t ca A v B l 31. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t A v B. Nu tnh cht ho hc c trng ca mi nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion to thnh t tnh cht ho hc c trng . (H Xy dng-98) 46-Hai nguyn t A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip, c th to thnh cc anion A2- v B2- (u c cu hnh electron bn ca kh tr). S in tch ht nhn ca A v B hn km nhau 8 n v. Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t ca A, B v vit cu hnh electron ca chng. (HDLNNTin hc-2001) 47-X, Y l hai nguyn t trong cng mt phn nhm chnh, thuc hai chu k lin tip trong h thng tun hon. 1- Tng s ht proton. ntron v electron c trong mt loi nguyn t ca Y l 54, trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in 1,7 ln. Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t v s khi ca Y. 2-Vit cu hnh electron ca Y, xc nh v tr (chu k, nhm, phn nhm) v tn gi ca nguyn t Y. 3-Cho bit nguyn t X c th l nguyn t g? Xc nh tn gi ng ca X, nu xy ra cc phn ng sau: Y2 + 2NaX = X2 + 2NaY
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Gii thch kt qu chn? (H An ninh 2001-tr303) 48-Hai nguyn t X v Y hai phn nhm chnh lin tip trong bng h thng tun hon, c tng s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t ca hai nguyn t l 23. Bit nguyn t Y thuc nhm V v trng thi n cht, hai nguyn t khng phn ng vi nhau. a. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca X v Y. b. T n cht X v cc ho cht cn thit, vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch axit trong X c s oxi ho dng cao nht. ( H Dc HN2000-tr155) 49- a. A v B l hai nguyn t cng mt phn nhm v thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng h thng tun hon. Tng s proton trong 2 ht nhn nguyn t A v B l 30. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca A, B. T cho bit chu k, phn nhm ca A, B trong bng h thng tun hon v nhng tnh cht c bn ca hai nguyn t A, B. (HSP Quy Nhn-98) 50-Cho A, B, C l ba nguyn t lin tip nhau trong mt chu k ca bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. Tng s cc ht mang in trong thnh phn cu to nguyn t ca A, B, C bng 72. a. Bit s hiu nguyn t (Z) ca mt s nguyn t: ZNa= 11, ZMg=12, ZAl=13, ZSi=14, ZP =15, ZS =16, ZCl =17, hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t v gi tn A, B, C. b. Vit cu hnh electron ca A, B, C. c. Vit cng thc cc hiroxit ca A, B, C. Trnh by cch nhn bit ba hiroxit ca A, B, C ring r trng thi rn, ch s dng mt loi dung mi ph bin. (HSP Quy Nhn-2001-tr297) nh lut tun hon 51-a. Pht biu nh lut tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.
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b. Cho 6 nguyn t thuc chu k 3 l: S, Mg, Al, P, Na, Si. Hy sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim. Gii thch s sp xp bng 3 cch khc nhau. Hy vit cng thc v gi tn 6 mui trung ho ( hc. ng vi 6 gc axit khc nhau v c thnh phn ch gm cc nguyn t trn v oxi. ( 30 I-2tr60) 521. Hy cho bit nguyn nhn s bin i tun hon tnh cht ca cc nguyn t. (H An Ninh-99) 2. Cho cc nguyn t thuc chu k 3: P, Si, Cl, S. a. Sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim v gii thch. b. Vit cng thc phn t cc axit c oxi vi s oxi ho cao nht ca cc nguyn t trn v so snh tnh axit ca chng. (HQGTPHCM-99) 53-Hy vit cu hnh in t ca cc nguyn t sau: C, N, S v Cl. Hy cho bit s oxi ho cao nht v thp nht ca cc nguyn t trn. (H Lt-CB99)
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ng v 1. Tnh thnh phn % cc ng v ca cacbon. Bit cacbon trng thi t nhin c hai ng v bn l 12C v 6 khi lng nguyn t trung bnh l 12,011. 2. Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Brom l 79,91. Brom 79 A 79 c hai ng v bn l 35Br v 35Br . Bit 35Br chim 54,5 %. Tm s khi ca ng v th hai. 3. Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Ag l 107,87, trong t nhin Bc c hai ng v, trong ng v 107 Ag 47 chim hm lng 44%. Xc nh s khi ca ng v cn li. 4. Ho tan 4,84 gam Mg kim loi bng dung dch HCl thy thot ra 0,4 gam kh Hidro. a. Xc nh nguyn t lng ca Mg. b. Mg kim loi cho trn gm hai ng v trong c 24 ng v 12 Mg. Xc nh s khi ca ng v th hai, bit t s ca hai loi ng v l 4:1. 5. Mt thanh ng cha 2 mol ng. Trong thanh ng c hai loi ng v l 63 Cu v 65Cu vi hm lng tng ng 29 29 bng 25% v 75%. Hi thanh ng nng bao nhiu gam. 6. Dung dch A cha 0,4 mol HCl trong c hai loi ng 35 37 v 17 Cl v 17 Cl vi t l:
37 : 17 Cl = 75 : 25 Nu cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta. 7. Oxy c ba ng v 16 O; 17 O; 18 O. Tnh khi lng nguyn 8 8 8 t trung bnh ca oxy, bit % cc ng v tng ng l x1; x2; x3 trong x1 = 1,5 x2 v x1 - x2 = 21 x3 35 17 Cl 13 6 C c
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8. Khi lng nguyn t ca Hidro iu ch t nc l 1,008. 2 C bao nhiu nguyn t 1 H trong 1 ml nc. Bit Hidro c hai ng v ph bin l 11H v 21H. 9. Khi lng nguyn t ca Bo bng 10,81. Bo gm c hai ng v 105B v 115B. Hi c bao nhiu % ng v 115B trong axit orthoboric H3BO3 ( M H3BO3 = 61,84 vC). 10. ng t nhin gm hai ng v 6329Cu v 6529Cu. Khi lng nguyn t ca ng l 63,546. Tnh hm lng % ca ng v 6329Cu trong CuSO4 (cho O = 16 ; S = 32). 11. a. Nguyn t Mg c 3 loi ng v c s khi ln lt l 24, 25, 26. Trong s 5000 nguyn t Mg th c 3930 ng v 24 v 505 ng v 25, cn li l ng v 26. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca magi. b. Nguyn t Argon c 3 loi ng v c s khi bng 36; 38 v A. Phn trm s nguyn t tng ng ca 3 ng v ln lt bng 0,34%, 0,06% v 99,6%. Bit 125 nguyn t Ar c khi lng 4997,5 vC. Tnh KLNTTB ca Ar v s khi ca ng v th 3. c. Nguyn t Ne c hai loi ng v c s khi bng 20 v 22. Tnh thnh phn phn trm s nguyn t mi ng v, bit KLNT ca Ne l 20,18. 12. a. nh ngha nguyn t ho v ng v. Cho v d. b. Nguyn t X c 2 ng v I v II. S nguyn t ca 2 ng v ny trong hn hp c t l tng ng l 27: 23. Ht nhn ng v I c 35 proton v 44 ntron. ng v II cha nhiu ntron hn ng v I l 2. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca X. (HYTBnh-2001tr122) 35 13. Cho ba nguyn t M, X, R trong R l ng v 17 Cl -Trong nguyn t ca M c hiu s: (s n) - (s p) = 3. -Trong nguyn t M v X c hiu s: (s p trong M) - (s p trong X) = 6. -Tng s n trong nguyn t ca M v X l 36. -Tng s khi cc nguyn t trong phn t MCl l 76. (n, p l s ntron v s proton).
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a. Tnh s khi ca M v X. b. Hy nu tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc nguyn t M, X, R. c. Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch M t MCl v iu ch X t oxit ca X. (HNg-thng 2001-tr38) 14. S khi ca ht nhn nguyn t l g? S khi ca ht nhn c phi l khi lng ca ht nhn khng? (HNg-thngMN-99)
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15. Theo em, nhng cu sau y ng hay sai: 1. Cht tc dng c vi dung dch axit v vi dung dch baz phi l cht lng tnh. 2. Hai cht c phn t khi bng nhau phi l hai ng phn ca nhau. 3. Ch c oxit ca phi kim mi l oxit axit. 4. Hai nguyn t c s in tch ht nhn Z bng nhau c th c s khi A khc nhau. 5. Hai nguyn t c s in tch ht nhn Z khc nhau c th c s khi A bng nhau. Hy gii thch kin ca em. (HNg-thng-99)
2- m in-Lin kt ho hc
1-a. Th no l lin kt ion, lin kt cng ho tr? Lin kt cho nhn thuc loi lin kt no? Cho v d minh ho. b. Nu bn cht lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t cc cht sau: NH3, NH4NO3, Al2(SO4)3. Vit cng thc cu to ca chng. (H Thi Nguyn-2000-tr322 s 2) 2-Lin kt cho- nhn l g? Hy so snh cc loi lin kt sau y: a. Lin kt cho -nhn v lin kt cng ho tr. b. Lin kt cng ho tr v lin kt kim loi. (HAn ninh-97-tr48) 3-So snh s ging nhau v khc nhau gia lin kt ion v lin kt cng ho tr, cho v d minh ho. (H Thi Nguyn-98-tr95) 4-Lin kt trong tinh th kim loi ging nhau v khc nhau vi lin kt ion v vi lin kt cng ho tr ch no? (HNg-thng-99) 5- in m l g? Bin thin in m ca cc nguyn t trong mt chu k, trong mt nhm? Da vo in m ngi ta phn loi lin kt nh th no? (HY H Ni-98-tr191)
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6-a. Trong nguyn t, nhng electron no l electron ho tr? b. Ti sao Ca ch c mt trng thi ho tr l ho tr 2 cn Fe li c nhiu trng thi ho tr? (HNg-thng-Pha Nam-98) 7-a. Phn ng ho hc l g? b. Phng trnh ho hc l g? Hy nu ngha ca phng trnh ho hc. (HNg-thng-97-tr59) 8-a. Nguyn t l g? Phn t l g? Phn t ca n cht v hp cht khc nhau ch no? b. Hy nu ngha ca cng thc ho hc. c. Phn bit cc khi nim: Ho tr, electron ho tr, in ho tr, cng ho tr. (HNg-thng-97-tr67) 3-Phn ng oxi ho - kh
Cn bng phng trnh phn ng oxi ho - kh:

nh ngha-Cc khi nim c bn. 1-Th no l phn ng oxi ho-kh? Hy phn bit cc khi nim cht kh, cht oxi ho, qu trnh kh v qu trnh oxi ho. Cho v d. (HYThi Bnh-98-A ninh-CB99-Cng on-99-ThNguyn2000-tr323) 2- a. S oxi ho ca mt nguyn t ho hc l g? b. Nu qui tc xc nh s oxi ho.(HNg-thng-97-tr67) 3- Phn bit phn ng t oxi ho kh v oxi ho kh ni phn t. Cho v d minh ho. (HSPTPHCM-2001-tr73) 4-Phn bit phn ng trao i ion v phn ng oxi ho- kh. Phn ng trao i ion v phn ng oxy ho - kh xy ra theo chiu no? Cho cc th d minh ho. (HDLNN Tinhc-99) 5-Phn ng nhit phn l g? Phn ng nhit phn c phi lun lun l phn ng oxi ho kh khng? Vit phng
17
trnh phn ng nhit phn cc cht: NaNO3; (NH4)2CO3; KClO3; KMnO4; AgNO3. (HY Thi Bnh-99) 6-Phn ng ho hp v phn ng phn tch c phi l phn ng oxi ho kh khng? Cho v d minh ho v gii thch. (H ThiNguyn-2000) 7- Vit hai phng trnh phn ng chng minh mui nitrat ng vai tr oxi ho trong mi trng axit v mi trng baz. (HSPtpHCM-2001) 8-Ly 3 phn ng minh ho rng trong phn ng oxi ho- kh, cc axit c th ng vai tr cht oxi ho, cht kh, hoc ch l mi trng khng tham gia cho nhn electron. (Nng98-Hu-2001tr135) 9- Cho bit vai tr ca nguyn t kim loi v ion kim loi trong phn ng oxi ho-kh. Cho v d minh ho. (HCth-98tr86-HThNguyn-2000-tr323-2Hu2001-135) 10-Hy nu tnh cht ho hc c bn ca ion kim loi Mn+. (H Ngthng-Pha Bc-98) 11-Cc cht v ion sau y: Mg2+, Ca, Br2 v S2 c th ng vai tr cht kh hay cht oxi ho ? Cho v d minh ho. (HLt-99) 12-Cc cht v ion sau y ng vai tr g (cht oxi ho hay cht kh) trong cc phn ng oxi ho kh xy ra trong dung dch: Al, Fe2+, Ag+, Cl , SO32 . Cho v d. (HXD2000-tr251) 13-Gii thch v chng minh bng phng trnh phn ng cc kt lun sau: a. Fe3+ ch th hin tnh oxi ho. b. NH3 ch th hin tnh kh. c. SO2 va th hin tnh oxi ho va th hin tnh kh. (HV2001tr82)
18
14-Trong cc cht sau, cht no c th l cht oxi ho hay cht kh: NH3, FeO, Fe2O3, SO2. Trong mi trng hp cho mt v d minh ho. (HXD-2001tr179) 15- 1. Xc nh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t trong cc cht sau: H2S, NO2, N2O, CuSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, MnCl2, CuO, CO2, Cu(NO3)2, KMnO4, FeCl2, Cr2(SO4)3, K2SO3, KHSO4, MnSO4, Al(NO3)3, Fe(NO3)3, NxOy, FeCl3, Al2O3, H3AsO4, FeSO4, H2SO4, KCl, N2On, K2CrO4, ,Mg(NO3)2. 2. Xc nh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t trong cc ion sau: 2 22 2 2 + a. NO3 , SO4 , PO3- , SO3 , SiO3 ,AlO2 ,ZnO2 ,CO3 ,NH4 ,ClO3 , 4
2 ClO ,NO ,HSO ,HCO ,HPO4 2 4 3 2 2b. MnO ,HS ,BrO3 ,NH2 , H2 PO , Cr O7 , CrO4 4 4 2 16. 1. Vit cc s sau: Fe0 Fe2+ Cl2 ClN+5 N+2y/x Fe0 Fe3+ N20 N+2 M0 M+n -3 +2 +6 +4 N N S S M0 M+2y/x S-2 S0 S+4 S0 N-3 N2o Na Na+1 S+6 S-2 H2 H+1 Mg Mg+2 F2 FBr2 Br+1 O2 O2Fe+2y/x Fe+3 I2 I+3 2. Hon thnh cc bn phn ng oxi ho - kh sau: a. H+ + SO42- SO2 + j. H2O H2 + OHH2O k. H2O O2 + H+ + 2b. H + SO4 S + H2O l. MnO4- + H+ Mn2+ + + 2c. H + SO4 H2S + H2O H2O + d. H + NO3 NO + H2O m. MnO4- + H+ MnO2 + H2O e. H+ + NO3- NO2+ H2O + n. HClO + H+ Cl2 + H2O f. H + NO3 N2O + H2O o. MnO2 + H+ Mn2O3 + H2O g. H+ + NO3- N2+ H2O + + p. PbO2 + H+ Pb2+ + h. H + NO3 NH4 +
19
H2O i. Cr2O72- + H+ Cr3+ + H2O
H2O q. Al + OH- AlO2- + H2O r. Zn + OH- ZnO22- + H2O
(1) (2)
Cn bng phng trnh phn ng oxi ho kh. 17-Cho cc phn ng: 1. Cu + HNO3 (long) Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H 2O 2. KMnO4 + HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O
Hy: a. Cn bng cc phn ng oxi ho - kh trn. b. Vit cc phng trnh ion thu gn (rt gn). c.Xc nh cc cht kh, cc cht oxi ho v vai tr ca HNO3 (long) cng nh HCl trong cc phn ng trn. (CKN TPHCM-98) 18-Cn bng cc phn ng oxi-ho kh sau bng phng php thng bng electron. Ch ra cc qu trnh oxi ho-kh ? a. Zn + HNO 3 (rt long) Zn(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + H2O b. FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2.(CSP Bc Giang98) c. Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + H2O. (HNNI99) 19- Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau y dng phn t v dng ion thu gn: a. Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NH4NO3 + H2O b. FeCO3 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + N2O + CO2 + H2O c. M + H2SO4 M2(SO4)n + SO2 + H2O (n: Ho tr ca kim loi M). (H Lut HN-99) 20- Hy cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng oxi hokh sau bng phng php thng bng electron:
20
a. K2S + KMnO4 + H2SO4 S + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O b. SO2 + KMnO4 + H2O K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2SO4 c. K2SO3 + KMnO4 + KHSO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O (H Thi Nguyn-99-HVCNBCVT2001tr260) d. KMnO4 + KNO2 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + KNO3 + MnSO4 + H2O (HCng on99) 21. Cn bng cc phn ng sau: a. FeCl3 + KI FeCl2 + KCl + I2 b. K2S + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 S + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O c. K2SO3 + KMnO4 + KHSO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O d. SO2 + KMnO4 + H2OK2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2SO4 e. K2S + KMnO4 + H2SO4S + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O f. HCl + HClO3 Cl2 + H2O g. Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + H2O h. FeSO4 + Cl2 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + HCl i. K2Cr2O7 + KI + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + I2 + K2SO4 + H2O j. Fe(NO3)2 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O k. KI + KClO3 + H2SO4 K2SO4+ I2 + KCl + H2O l. Fe3O4 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O m. CrCl3 + Br2 + NaOH Na2CrO4 + NaBr + NaCl + H2O 22. Cn bng cc phn ng sau y theo phng php cn bng electron: to a. KNO3 +FeS2 KNO2 + Fe2O3 + SO3 b. Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O c. FeSO4 + Cl2 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + HCl (HNNICB99)
21
d. CuS2 + HNO3 H2O H2
Cu(NO3)2 + H2SO4 + N2O +
e. Cu + HCl + NaNO3 CuCl2 + NaCl + NO +
23- Cn bng phn ng sau bng phng php thng bng electron. Ch r cht oxi ho v cht kh. to a. Cl2 + NH3 N2 + HCl b. KMnO4+ NaNO2 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + NaNO3 + H2O c. NH3 + Na NaNH2 + H2 (H Nng-99) Cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh c nhiu nguyn t thay i s oxi ho. 24-Cn bng cc phn ng xi ho kh sau: a. As2S3 + HNO3 long + H2O H3AsO4 + H2SO4 + NO (H Thi Nguyn-98) b. Cu2S.FeS2 + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + Fe(NO3)3+ H2SO4+ NO+ H2O c. Ho tan mt mui cacbonat kim loi M bng dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch v hn hp 2 kh NO v CO 2. (HVCNBCVT2001-tr261) 25. Cn bng cc phn ng xi ho kh sau: a. FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2 b. CrI3 + Cl2 + KOH K2CrO4 + KIO4 + KCl + H2O c. As2S3 + HNO3 + H2O H3AsO4 + H2SO4 + NO d. KClO3 + NH3 KNO3 + KCl+ Cl2 + H2O e. AgNO3 Ag + NO2 + O2 f. FeS2 + HNO3 + HCl FeCl3 + H2SO4 + NO + H2O g. FeS + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3+ Fe2(SO4)3 + NO + H2O Cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh c nhiu sn phm ca s oxi ho hay s kh.
22
26- a. Nhm c th tc dng vi HNO3 to thnh nhm nitrat, nc v hn hp kh NO, N2O. a. Hy vit v cn bng phng trnh phn ng; cho bit t s gia cc h s ca NO v N2O trong phng trnh phn ng l c nh hay c th bin i ( ti sao?). b. Tnh lng nhm nitrat v th tch mi kh (o ktc. mi kh NO v N2O thu c khi cho 4,59 gam Al tc dng ht vi HNO3, bit rng t khi ca hn hp kh NO v N2O so vi hiro l 16,75. ( thi 1970-1985 tr153-nm 1982, H Thu li-99) 27-Cn bng phng trnh phn ng oxi ho- kh sau bng phng php cn bng electron: FeO + H+ + NO3 Fe3+ + NO2 + NO + H2O Bit t l s mol: NO2 : NO = a : b. (H Thu li2001tr160) Cn bng phn ng dng tng qut. 28-Hon thnh phng trnh dng ion theo s : FeS + HNO3 SO42 + N2OX + ... (HVQHQt-98) 29- Cn bng phng trnh phn ng sau (vit phng trnh phn ng 2 dng tng qut): 1. Cl2 + NaOH NaClO3 + NaCl + H2O 2. M2Ox + HNO3 M(NO3)3 + NO + H2O -Vit phng trnh phn ng 1 di dng ion rt gn. -Vi gi tr no ca x phn ng 2 s l phn ng oxi hokh hoc phn ng trao i? (H QG TPHCM-t 1-98) 30-Cn bng phng trnh sau: As2S3 + HNO3 + H2O H3AsO4 + H2SO4 + N2OX (H NN 1-Khi B-98) 31-Cn bng cc phn ng sau v vit di dng phn ng ion rt gn. Cho bit phn ng no l phn ng trao i, phn ng no l phn ng oxy ho- kh? a. CaCO3 + HCl
23
b. FexOy + HNO3 ... + NO2 (HDLNNTinhc-99) 32. Cn bng phng trnh sau: a. M + HNO3 M(NO3)n + NO + H2O b. M + HNO3 M(NO3)3 + N2On + H2O c. FexOy + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O d. Zn + HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + NxOy + H2O e. FexOy + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O f. Al + FexOy Al2O3 + Fe g. FenOm + CO Fe + CO2
+ ....
Hon thnh phn ng oxi ha - kh 33- C phn ng g xy ra khi cho cc cht sau y tc dng vi nhau (trong dung dch): a. Mg + H+ + SO42 ? b. Cu + H2SO4 (long) + NaNO3 ? c. FeCl2 + H2SO4 (long) + KMnO4 ? (HVQHQt-98) 34- Hon thnh v cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng sau: a. O3 + KI + H2O I2 + ... (HYHNi-98) b. Na2O2 + CO2 O2 + ... (HXD2001tr179) 35-Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau: to a. FeS2 + H2SO4 (c)
t b. Ag2S + O2
o
c. KNO2 + + ...
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 KNO3 +

o
Cr2(SO4)3
t d. NH4NO3 (H Kin trc HN-CB-98) 36- a. Cn bng v vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng sau:
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Fe3O4 + H2SO4 (c, nng) ...+ SO2 +... (H CnTh-98) b. Hy m t hin tng v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi: Cho dn dn n d dung dch KMnO4 vo cc ng hn hp FeSO4 v H2SO4 long. Trong cc phn ng xy ra phn ng no l phn ng oxi ho- kh, cht no l cht oxi ho, cht no l cht kh? (H Q. Nhn-98) 37-Vit cc phng trnh phn ng sau y di dng phn t v ion rt gn: 1. FeSO4 + Cl2 2. Fe(OH)2 + Br2 + NaOH 3. Al + NaOH + H2O 4. Cl2 + NaOH (ngui) 5. Fe + Fe2(SO4)3 6. Mg + HNO3 NH4+ 7. Ca(HCO3)2 + NaOH (d) (HKT Qdn-98) 38-Cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng sau di dng ion: Mn2+ + H2O2 + OH MnO2 + H2O Ag + NO3 + H+ Ag+ + NO + H2O IO3 + I + H+ I2 + H2O + MnO4 + Cl + H Mn2+ + Cl2 + H2O Cr3+ + ClO3 + OH CrO42 + Cl + H2O (HAn ninh-99) 39-Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau: FeS2 + HNO3 d Fe(NO3)3 + H2SO4 + NO + ... FeCO3 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + ... Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO +... (DL-99) 40-Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau: a. Fe3O4 + HCl ... b. Cu + HNO3 NO +... c. Cl2 + H2O .... d. Cu + H2SO4 c SO2 +... (HTsnMN-CB99) 41-Cho bit phn ng no di y c th xy ra v nu vn tt nguyn nhn xy ra cho tng phn ng: a. CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O b. C6H5ONa + CO2+ H2O C6H5OH + NaHCO3
25
c. Cl2 + 2KI I2 + 2KCl

t cao d. SiO2 + 2C Si + 2CO (CSPHCM-99) 42-Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau: a. K + dd NaOH d. Cu + dd FeCl3 b. Ba + dd Na2SO4 e. Zn + dd Ni(NO3)2 c. Na + dd ZnCl2 (HNgoithng-99) 43-Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng sau y (nu c xy ra): a. Zn + H2SO4 long d. H2S (k) + SO2 (k) b. S + H2SO4 c nng e. FeS2 + HCl (dd). c. MgSO4 (dd. + Na3PO4 (HQGtpHCM-99) (dd). 44-Hon thnh cc phn ng sau: 1100o C a. FeCl3 + Na2CO3 + H2O c. CuO
o
b. NH4Cl + NaAlO2 + H2O
(Hkin trcHN-CB99) 45- Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau: SO2 + Br2 + H2O ? SO2 + dd NaOH ? SO2+ KMnO4+H2O ? SO2 + H2S ? (HVQunY-99) Cn bng cc phn ng ho hc hu c 46- Hon thnh v cn bng phng trnh phn ng theo phng php cn bng ion-in t: a. CH2= CH- CH2OH + KMnO4 + H2O KOH + ... b. CH2= CH2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 c. C6H5 CH=CH2+KMnO4+Ba(OH)2 (C6H5-COO)2Ba + (H Y DcTPHCM-99) 47-Cn bng hai phng trnh phn ng sau bng phng php thng bng electron: a. R-CH2OH + KMnO4 R-CHO + MnO2 + KOH + H2O
26
t d. NH4NO2
+ ...
b. C6H5-NO2 + Fe + H2O Fe3O4 + C6H5-NH2 c. KMnO4 + C2H4 + H2O C2H6O2 + KOH + MnO2 d. K2Cr2O7 + C2H5OH + HCl CrCl3 + CH3CHO
e. C12H22O11 + H2SO4 CO2+ SO2+ H2O g. KMnO4+ H2C2O4 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + CO2 + H2O p dng nh lut bo ton in tch v bo ton khi lng trong gii bi ton oxi ho - kh. 1. Ho tan hon ton 4,431 gam hn hp Al v Mg trong HNO3 long thu c dung dch A v 1,568 lt (ktc) hn hp hai kh u khng mu c khi lng 2,59 gam, trong c mt kh b ha nu trong khng kh. a. Tnh phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp. b. Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng. c. Khi c cn dung dch A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. 2: HQG HN - 1998 Cho m gam bt Fe ra ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 12 gam hn hp B gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Ho tan hn hp ny bng dung dch HNO 3 ngi ta thu c dung dch A v 2,24 lt kh NO (ktc). Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh m. 3. Mt hn hp A gm Fe v kim loi R ha tr n khng i c khi lng 14,4 gam. Chia hn hp A thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Ho tan ht phn 1 trong dung dch HCl thu c 4,256 lt kh H2. Ho tan ht phn 2 trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 3,584 lt kh NO. Xc nh kim loi R v thnh phn phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A. 4. Nung m gam bt Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 104,8 gam hn hp rn A gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4.
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Ho tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO 3 d th thu c dung dch B v 12,096 lt hn hp kh NO v N 2O ktc c t khi hi so vi H2 l 20,334. a. Tnh gi tr ca m. b. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta C. Lc kt ta ri nung n khi lng khng i c cht rn D. Tnh khi lng ca D. 5. Ho tan hon ton 24,3 gam Al vo dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c hn hp kh NO v N2O c t khi hi so vi H2 l 20,25 v dung dch B khng cha NH4NO3. Tnh th tch mi kh thot ra ktc. 6. Cho 200ml dung dch HNO3 tc dng vi 5 gam hn hp Zn v Al. Phn ng gii phng 0,896 lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm NO v N2O. Hn hp kh c t khi hi so vi H2 l 16,75. Sau khi kt thc phn ng em lc, thu c 2,013 gam kim loi. Hi sau khi c cn dung dch A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? Tnh nng dung dch HNO3 ban u. 7. Ho tan hon ton 24,3 gam kim loi A va vo z ml dung dch HNO3 0,6 M c dung dch B c cha A(NO3)3, ng thi to ra 6,72 lt hn hp kh N 2O v N2 c t khi hi so vi O2 l 1,125. 1. Xc nh kim loi A v tnh z. 2. Cho vo dung dch B 300ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sau khi phn ng xong lc ly kt ta, ra sch, un nng n khi lng khng i c mt cht rn. Tnh khi lng ca cht rn . Cc th tch kh o ktc. (CKT KTCN1 -2000) 8. Cho a gam hn hp A gm 3 oxit FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol bng nhau tc dng hon ton vi lng va 250ml dung dch HNO3 un nng nh thu c dung dch B v 3,136 lt (ktc) hn hp kh C gm NO2 v NO c t khi so vi H2 l 20,143. Tnh a v nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 dng? 9. Ho tan hon ton 24,3 gam kim loi M bng HNO3 c 8,96 lt (ktc) hn hp kh X gm hai kh khng mu trong
28
c mt kh ha nu ngoi khng kh. Bit t khi ca X so vi H2 l 20,25. a. Xc nh kim loi M. b. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 4M ti thiu cn dng. 10. DHYD TPHCM - 1999 Cho mt hn hp gm 2,8 gam Fe v 0,81 gam Al vo 200ml dung dch C cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Khi cc phn ng kt thc c dung dch D v 8,12 gam cht rn E gm ba kim loi. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 0,672 lt H2 (ktc). Tnh nng mol ca AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch C. 11. t chy x mol Fe bi O2 thu c 5,04 gam hn hp A gm cc oxit st. Ho tan hon ton trong HNO3 thu c 0,035 mol hn hp Y gm NO v NO2. T khi hi ca Y so vi H2 l 19. Tnh x. 12: H Dc HN - 2001 Hn hp X gm FeS2 v MS c s mol nh nhau, M l kim loi c ha tr khng i. Cho 6,51 gam X tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch HNO3 un nng thu c dung dch A1 v 13,216 lt (ktc) hn hp kh A2 c khi lng 26,34 gam gm NO v NO2. Thm mt lng d dung dch BaCl2 vo A1 thy to thnh m1 gam cht kt ta trng trong dung dch d axit trn. a. Cho bit tn M. b. Tnh gi tr khi lng m1. c. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong X. 13. Cho 16,9 hn hp Fe, Mg, Zn tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl thu c 8,9 lt H2(ktc). Ho tan ht cng lng hn hp ny bng dung dch HNO3 long c 2,24 lt (ktc). Hn hp X gm 2 kh khng mu, khng ho nu ngoi khng kh, bit dX/H2 = 18. a. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp . b. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 2M dng d 25% so vi l thuyt. 14. Chia 16 gam hn hp X gm Fe v kim loi M c ho tr khng i lm 2 phn bng nhau:
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- Ho tan ht phn 1 bng H2SO4 long c 4,48 lt H2(ktc). - Ho tan ht phn 2 bng HNO3 un nng thu c 8,96 lt (ktc) hn hp A gm NO v NO2. Bit dA/O2 = 1,375. a. Tm M. b. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 4M dng bit ngi ta dng d 10% so vi l thuyt. 15. Chia 2,76g hn hp A gm Fe v kim loi M c ho tr khng i lm 2 phn bng nhau. - Ho tan ht phn 1 bng HCl c 2,016 lt H2(ktc). - Ho tan ht phn 2 bng dung dch cha hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 nhit thch hp thu c 1,8816 lt (ktc) hn hp 2 kh c t khi so vi H2 l 25,25. a. Xc nh M. b. Tnh % khi lng cc kim loi A. 16. Nung nng 16,8g bt Fe ngoi khng kh, sau 1 thi gian thu c m gam hn hp X gm oxt st. Ho tan ht hn hp X bng H2SO4 c nng thu c 5,6 lt SO2 (ktc). a. Vit tt c cc phn ng xy ra. b. Tm m. c. Nu ho tan ht X bng HNO3 c nng th th tch NO2 (kc) thu c l bao nhiu. 17. (H Bch khoa H Ni 1999 - 2000): Ho tan hon ton 1 lng hn hp A gm Fe3O4 v FeS2 trong 63 gam dung dch HNO3 theo cc phn ng sau: Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O FeS2 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2SO4 + H2O Th tch kh NO2 thot ra l 1,568 lt (ktc). Dung dch thu c cho tc dng va vi 200ml dung dch NaOH 2M, lc kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 9,76 gam cht rn. Tnh s gam mi cht trong A v nng % ca dung dch HNO3 (gi thit HNO3 khng b mt trong qu trnh phn ng ). 18. Nung nng m gam bt Fe ngoi khng kh. Sau mt thi gian thu c 10 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3,
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Fe3O4. Ho tan ht X bng HNO3 thu c 2,8 lt (ktc) hn hp Y gm NO v NO2. Cho t khi ca Y so vi H 2 l 19. Tnh m? 19. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nng mt thi gian, c 13,92 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Ho tan ht X bng HNO3 c nng thu c 5,829 lt NO2 (ktc). Tnh m? 20. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nng sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp X nng 44,64 gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Ho tan ht X bng HNO3 c nng thu c 3,136 lt NO (ktc). Tnh m? 21. Ho tan hon ton 9,41 gam hn hp hai kim loi Al v Zn vo 530 ml dung dch HNO3 2M thu c dung dch A v 2,464 lt hn hp hai cht kh N2O v NO khng mu o ktc c khi lng 4,28 gam. a. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca mi kim loi c trong 9,41 gam hn hp trn. b. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 2M tham gia phn ng. (CSP Nha Trang 2000) 22. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nng. Sau mt thi gian thu c 13,92 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Ho tan ht X bng HNO3 c nng c 5,824 lt NO2 ktc. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh m. 23. ho tan ht mt hn hp gm 0,03 mol kim loi A ho tr I, 0,02 mol kim loi B ho tr II v 0,01 mol kim loi C ho tr III phi cn m gam dung dch HNO3 31,5%. Sau phn ng thu c 0,2408 lt ktc hn hp N2 v N2O. a. Vit phng trnh phn ng. b. Tnh m. 24. X l hn hp gm CuO v FeO. Nung 14 gam X vi C trong iu kin khng c khng kh cho n cc phn ng xy ra hon to thu c 3,92 lt hn hp Y ktc gm CO v CO2 . Dn Y qua nc vi trong d thy xut hin 1,75 gam kt ta.
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a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh phn trm khi lng cc oxit trong X. 25. kh 6,4 gam mt oxit kim loi cn 2,688 lt H2 ktc. Nu ly lng kim loi thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 1,792 lt H2 ktc. Gi tn kim loi. 26. Khi A 2003 Kh hon ton 4,06 gam mt oxit kim loi bng CO nhit cao thnh kim loi. Dn ton b kh sinh ra vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thy to thnh 7 gam kt ta. Nu ly lng kim loi sinh ra ha tan ht vo dung dch HCl d th thu c 1,176 lt kh H2 (ktc). 1. Xc nh cng thc oxit kim loi. 2. Cho 4,06 gam oxit kim loi trn tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch H2SO4 c, nng (d) c dung dch X v c kh SO2 bay ra. Hy xc nh nng mol/lt ca mui trong dung dch X. (Coi th tch dung dch khng i trong qu trnh phn ng). 27. ho tan ht mt hn hp gm 0,01 mol kim loi A ho tr II v 0,015 mol kim loi B ho tr III cn m gam dung dch HNO3 21%. Sau phn ng thu c 0,5152 lt (ktc) hn hp NO v NO2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh m. 28. Ho tan va mt hn hp gm 0,02 mol kim loi A ho tr II v 0,01 mol kim loi B ho tr III bng dung dch cha m gam HNO3. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch X khng cha NH4NO3 v 0,16128 lt (ktc) hn hp N2, N2O. a. Tnh m. b. C cn cn thn dung dch X c 0,09 g hn hp mui khan. Tm tn A, B. 29. Ho tan hon ton 24,9 gam hn hp Al v Zn bng dung dch HNO3 c cha m gam HNO3 ly d 10%, thu c 2,24 lt hn hp N2 v N2O, c t khi so vi O2 l 1,175 v dung dch X. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X c 0,896 lt NH3. Cc th tch kh o ktc. a. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi. b. Tnh m.
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30. Ho tan 7,02 gam kim loi M bng dung dch c cha m gam HNO3 ly d 10% thu c dung dch X v 1,344 lt ktc hn hp kh Y gm N2 v N2O. Cho dung dch X tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 0,672 lt NH3 ktc. Bit t khi ca Y so vi H2 l 18. Tm tn M v tnh m. 31. ho tan ht 4,86 gam kim loi M ngi ta phi dng mt dung dch HNO3 c cha 41,58 gam HNO3. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v 1,344 lt ktc hn hp kh Y gm N2 v N2O. Bit dung dch X tc dng vi NaOH d khng thy c kh bay ra. a. Tm tn M. b. Tnh t khi ca Y so vi H2. c. Thm V ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch Y thy xut hin 7,8 gam kt ta. Tnh V. 32. kh 4,06 gam mt oxit kim loi thnh kim loi phi dng 1,568 lt H2 (ktc). ho tan ht lng kim loi to thnh trn bng dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 1,176 lt H2 (ktc). Tm cng thc oxit. 33. X l hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 (t l s mol 1: 2: 3). Ho tan hon ton 44,8 gam X bng HNO3 thu c 4,48 lt (ktc) hn hp Y gm NO v NO2. a. Tm t khi ca Y so vi H2. b. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 ti thiu cn dng. c. chuyn ton b ion Fe3+ c trong dung dch sau phn ng thnh ion Fe2+ th cn phi dng ti thiu bao nhiu lt dung dch KI 0,5M. 34. Khi A 2002 Cho 18,5 gam hn hp Z gm Fe, Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long un nng v khuy u. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc), dung dch Z1 v cn li 1,46 gam kim loi. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO3. 3. Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch Z1. 35. (Khi A - 2006) Cho hn hp G dng bt gm Al, Fe, Cu.
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Ha tan 23,4 gam G bng mt lng d dung dch H2SO4 c, nng, thu c 15,12 lt kh SO2.Cho 23,4 gam G vo bnh A cha 850 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M (long) d, sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu c kh B. Dn t t ton b lng kh B vo ng cha bt CuO d nung nng, thy khi lng cht rn trong ng gim 7,2 gam so vi ban u. 1. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra v tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp G. 2. Cho dung dch cha m gam mui NaNO 3 vo bnh A sau phn ng gia G vi dung dch H2SO4 long trn, thy thot ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Tnh gi tr nh nht ca m V l ln nht. Gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. 36. Cho 5 gam hn hp Fe v Cu (cha 40% Fe) vo mt lng dung dch HNO3 1M, khuy u cho phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c mt phn rn A nng 3,32 gam, dung dch B v kh NO. Tnh lng mui to thnh trong dung dch. (H Ti chnh KT2000tr98) 37. Ho tan 6,25 g hn hp gm Zn v Al vo 275 ml dung dch HNO3, thu c dung dch A, cht rn B gm cc kim loi cha tan ht cn nng 2,516g v 1,12 lt hn hp kh D ( ktc) gm NO v N2O. Hn hp kh D c t khi hi so vi H2 l 16,75. 1. Hi khi c cn dung dch A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. 2.Tnh nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 ban u. (CGTVT-99) 38-Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm FeS2 v Cu2S vo H2SO4 c nng, thu c dung dch A v kh SO2. Hp th ht SO2 vo 1 lt dung dch KOH 1M thu c dung dch B. Cho 1/2 lng dung dch A tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch NH3, ly kt ta nung n khi lng khng i thu c 3,2 gam cht rn.
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Cho dung dch NaOH d vo 1/2 lng dung dch A. Ly kt ta nung n khi lng khng i, sau thi hyr (d) i qua cht rn cn li, sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c 1,62 gam hi nc. 1) Tnh m. 2) Tnh s gam cc mui c trong dung dch B. (BCVT99) 39-Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp bt gm Fe3O4 v FeCO3 trong dung dch HNO3 d (un nng), thu c 3,36 lt hn hp A gm 2 kh ( ktc. v dung dch B. T khi hi ca A so vi hiro bng 22,6. Tnh m. (HVKTQS-99) 40-Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp ba kim loi bng dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt hn hp kh D (ktc) gm NO2 v NO. T khi ca D so vi hiro bng 18,2. 1. Tnh tng s gam mui khan to thnh theo V. Bit rng khng sinh ra mui NH4NO3. 2. Cho V = 1,12 lt. Tnh th tch ti thiu dung dch HNO3 37,8% (d = 1,242 g/ml) dng. (HNNI2000tr216) 41-Cho hn hp A gm 3 kim loi X, Y, Z c ho tr ln lt l 3, 2, 1 v t l mol ln lt l 1 : 2 : 3; trong s s mol ca X bng x (mol). Ho tan hon ton A bng dung dch c cha y (gam) HNO3 (ly d 25%). Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B khng cha NH4NO3 v V lt hn hp kh G (ktc) gm NO2 v NO. Lp biu thc tnh y theo x v V. (HQGtpHCMt1-99) 42-Cho 1,92 gam ng v 100ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4 0,4M, thy sinh ra mt cht kh c t khi hi i vi H2 l 15 v thu c dung dch A. a. Vit phng trnh ion thu gn ca phn ng xy ra v tnh th tch kh sinh ra ( ktc.. b. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5M ti thiu cn dng kt ta ton b Cu2+ trong dung dch A. (HQGtpHCM2000-tr42) 43-Nu cho 9,6 gam Cu tc dng vi 180 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thu c V1 lt kh NO v dung dch A.
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Cn nu cho 9,6 gam Cu tc dng vi 180 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M (long) th thu c V2 lt kh NO v dung dch B. Tnh t s V1: V2 v khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch B (bit cc th tch kh o ktc, hiu sut cc phn ng l 100%, NO l kh duy nht sinh ra trong cc phn ng). (H Thu li-2001tr160) 44-Cho 2,56 gam ng phn ng hon ton vi 25,2 gam dung dch HNO3 60% thu c dung dch A. Hy xc nh nng % cc cht trong A, bit rng nu thm 210 ml dung dch KOH 1M v A ri c cn v nung sn phm thu c n khi lng khng i th c 20,76 gam cht rn. (HVKTQS-2000tr206) 45. Cho m1 gam hn hp gm Mg v Al vo m2 gam dung dch HNO3 24%. Sau khi cc kim loi tan ht v c 8,96 lt hn hp kh X gm NO, N2O, N2 bay ra (ktc) v c dung dch A. Thm mt lng O2 va vo X, sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn Y t t qua dung dch NaOH d, c 4,48 lt hn hp kh Z i ra (ktc). T khi hi ca Z i vi H2 bng 20. Nu cho dung dch NaOH vo A c lng kt ta ln nht th thu c 62,2 gam kt ta.. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. 2. Tnh m1, m2. Bit lng HNO3 ly d 20% so vi lng cn thit. 3. Tnh C% cc cht trong dung dch A. (Hc vin Qun Y-2000)
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Phn ng ht nhn. 1-a. Th no l nguyn t phng x. b. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng ht nhn sau: 9 4 1 4 Be+ 2 He 0 n + A
37 17 1 4 Cl +1 H 2 He+ X
T cc phng trnh trn, hy cho bit tn tht, cu hnh electron, v tr ca cc nguyn t A v X trong bng h thng tun hon. c. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng khi cho tng cht A v X tc dng ring r vi O 2; Al; HNO3 c nng; H2SO4 c nng. (HDcHN-98) 4-Oxi- Lu hunh- Halogen 1-Hy nu cc phn ng minh ho y tnh cht ho hc ca axit clohiric. Vit phng trnh ion thu gn v nu r vai tr ca HCl trong mi phn ng. (HSPHN-2001tr64) 2- Vit cng thc cu to v phng trnh phn ng iu ch clorua vi. Gii thch v sao v sao clorua vi c tc dng ty mu v st trng. (HYHN-2001-tr104) 3-Trong phng th nghim, oxi c iu ch bng cch nhit phn kali clorat hoc kali pemanganat. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch oxi theo hai cch nu. Cho bit hai phn ng thuc loi g (trao i hay oxi ho kh). b. T mt gam mi ho cht ban u, phn ng no s cho nhiu oxi hn (nu hiu sut phn ng nh nhau). (Bu chnh VT-99) 4-Hon thnh v cn bng cc phn ng sau: Cu + HNO3 (c, tO) Kh (A)
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MnO2 + HCl Kh (B) Cho kh A tc dng vi H2O. Cho ring tng kh A, B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d). Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (H Thu liMN-99) 5-a. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau: MnO2 + HCl Kh A; FeS + HCl Kh B Na2SO3 + HCl Kh C; NH4HCO3 + NaOH Kh D b. Cho kh A tc dng vi kh D; cho kh B tc dng vi kh C; cho kh B tc dng vi kh A trong nc. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (HBKHN-2001-tr3) 6-Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc cht KMnO4, Mg, FeS, Na2SO3 vi dung dch HCl. Cc kh thu c th hin tnh oxi ho-kh nh th no? Cho v d minh ho. (HC2001tr150) 7-Vit phng trnh phn ng ca ca kh SO2 vi cc cht sau v cho bit vai tr ca SO2 trong mi phn ng: a. Dung dch NaOH. b. Dung dch H2S. c. Dung dch KMnO4. (HVHCQGtpHCM-2001-Tr296) 8-Vit phng trnh phn ng chng minh rng cc ion Fe2+, SO32 trong dung dch va c tnh kh va c tnh xy ho ! (HM-98) 9-Hai ng nghim 1 v 2 u ng dung dch KI. Cho lung kh O2 qua dung dch ng 1 v O3 qua dung dch ng 2. a. Nu hin tng v t so snh tnh oxi ho ca O2 v O3. b. Bng cch no c th nhn bit c cc sn phm ca phn ng to ra ng 2. ( 16-I.2-tr-35)
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10-Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ho hc c th xy ra khi cho hn hp cc kh O3, Cl2, CO2 i qua dung dch KI d. (HVKTQS-2001tr319) 11-a. Nu v gii thch qui lut bin thin tnh kim loi, phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong chu k v trong phn nhm chnh. b. nhit thng, oxi khng tc dng vi thu ngn cn lu hunh th li tc dng vi thu ngn mt cch d dng. iu ny c tri vi qui lut bin thin tnh phi kim trong chu k khng. (TTTCB Y t HCM-2001) 12-t chy hn hp cacbon v lu hunh trong oxi c hn hp kh A. Cho mt phn kh A qua dung dch NaOH d c dung dch B v kh C. Cho kh C qua bt CuO nung nng c kh D. Cho D qua dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d c kt ta. Thm oxi vo phn A cn li v cho qua xc tc thch hp, nung nng c kh M. Dn M qua dung dch BaCl2 thy c kt ta. Vit phng trnh phn ng. (H Cng on-2000tr297) 13-Hn hp A gm SO2 v khng kh c t l s mol l 1: 5. Nung nng hn hp A vi xc tc V 2O5 th thu c hn hp kh B. T khi hi ca A so vi B l 0,93. 1-Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng trn. Cho bit khng kh c 20% O2 v 80% N2. 2-Bit phn ng trn l phn ng cn bng v to nhit. Hi cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu no khi: a. Tng nhit ca phn ng. b. Thm V2O5 vo h phn ng. (HCn Th-2001-tr215) 14-Khi ho tan oxit ca mt kim ho tr 2 trong mt lng va H2SO4 10%, th c mt dung dch mui c nng 11,8%. Xc nh tn kim loi. ( thi H 1979) 15-Trnh by s ging nhau v khc nhau v cc tnh cht ho hc c bn ca SO2 v CO2. Minh ho bng cc phn ng ho hc. (HDLng -2001-tr240) 16-1-Trong phng th nghim, iu ch clo ngi ta oxi ho HCl c bng MnO2 hoc KMnO4. Trong mi tr39
ng hp, hy vit phng trnh ion ca cc phn ng xy ra v cho bit cht oxi ho, cht kh, cc cp oxi ho kh lin quan. 2-Cho 15,8 gam hn hp KMnO4 v MnO2 phn ng vi 140 ml dung dch HCl 38,2% khi lng ring 1,19 (g/ml). Tnh th tch lng clo ( iu kin tiu chun) iu ch c, bit rng trong hn hp c 12% MnO2. 3- iu ch lng clo nh trn, ngi ta in phn c mng ngn dung dch NaCl dng in cc than ch. a. Vit phng trnh in phn xy ra ti cc in cc. Tnh thi gian in phn nu cng dng in l 3 ampe (hiu sut in phn 100%). b. Tnh nng cc cht trong dung dch sau in phn (dung dch A., bit rng dng 500 ml dung dch NaCl 1,20 M v th tch dung dch khng thay i trong qu trnh in phn, cc cht kh tan khng ng k trong dung dch. c. Vit phng trnh phn ng gii thch cc qu trnh c th c xy ra khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi mt l nhm c ln ng. (H Thng Long-2001-tr292) 17-t chy hon ton 6,8 gam mt hp cht v c A ch thu c 4,48 lt kh SO2 (ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. a. Tnh th tch kh oxi iu kin tiu chun dng? b. nh cng thc phn t ca A? c. Nu t chy ht 6,8 gam cht A ni trn, nhng lng oxi phn ng ch bng 2/3 lng oxi dng trong th nghim th nht. Hi sau phn ng thu c sn phm g? Tnh khi lng cc sn phm to thnh. d. Hp th ht 6,8 gam cht A vo 180 ml dung dch NaOH 2M th thu c mui g? Bao nhiu gam? (Phn hiu H An ninh 2001-tr304) 18-Dn 11,95 lt kh Clo o 27OC v 70 cmHg i qua dung dch KOH m c c un nng n 100OC. Gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton.
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1-Vit v cn bng phn ng oxi ho - kh theo phng php cn bng electron. Cho bit cht no l cht oxi ho, cht no l cht kh? 2-Lm bc ht hi nc v em nhit phn cht rn vi MnO2 lm xc tc. Tnh th tch kh thot ra iu kin tiu chun v khi lng cht rn cn li. Cho bit khi lng cht xc tc khng ng k. (HDL Hng Vng-2001-tr306) 19-t chy 15 gam qung st pirit thin nhin c tp cht tr. Cho ton b kh thu c vo bnh cha nc clo d, thm tip dung dch bari clorua d. Kt ta to thnh nng 46,6 gam. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng FeS2 cha trong qung trn. (HDLVn Lang-2001-tr254) 20-Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng ho hc sau v gi tn cc cht k hiu bng cc ch ci t trong du ngoc: FeS2 + O2 = (A. (kh) + (B. (rn) (A. + O2 = (C. (C. + (D. (lng) = Axit (E) (E. + Cu = (F. + (A. + (D. (A. + KOH = (H) + (D. (H) + BaCl2 = (I) + (K) (I) + (E. = (L) + (A. + (D. (A. + Cl2 + (D. = (E. + (M) (HVQHQT-2000tr379) 21-Nung nng Cu trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian c cht rn A. Ho tan A trong H2SO4 c, nng c dung dch B v kh C. Kh C tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c dung dch D. D va tc dng c vi BaCl2, va tc dng c vi NaOH. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch KOH. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. (HBK-2000-tr4) 22-a. Vit cng thc cc cht ng vi nhng s oxi ho khc nhau ca Clo. b. Hon thnh cc phn ng sau (nu c): Cl2 + I2 + HCl ; Cl2 + Fe;
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HI; I2 + H2S (dung dch). (HQG TPHCM-t 1-98) 23-Hy k cc hin tng xy ra v vit cc phng trnh phn ng di dng phn t v ion (thu gn) trong cc th nghim sau: a. Sc CO2 vo nc vi trong ti d CO2. b. Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch nc brom ti d SO2. c. Sc kh C2H4 vo dung dch thuc tm ti d C2H4. (HCon-98) 24- Cho cc cht sau y tc dng vi nhau: Cu + HNO3 (c. Kh mu nu (A. MnO2 + HCl Kh mu vng (B. Fe + H2SO4 (c nng) Kh khng mu mi xc (D. Cho cc kh A, B ln lt tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, kh D tc dng vi dung dch nc brom. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (HThng mi-2000-tr86) 25-Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho : -Kh Clo vo dung dch NaOH. -Kh Sunfur vo dung dch nc Brom. -Kh Cacbonic d vo dung dch Canxi hiroxit. (CKTKTCNI-99) 26-Cho kh H2S hp th va vo dung dch NaOH c dung dch B cha mui trung tnh. Cho B ln lt vo cc dung dch Al(NO3)3, Fe(NO3)3 , Cu(NO3)2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. (HVQY-2000-tr196) 27-Ch s dng cc cht KClO3, HCl, KBr, v nc, hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch: Cl2 , Br2 , KCl v KOH. (HCTh-98) 28-Ch t Na2SO3, (NH4)2CO3, Al, MnO2 v cc dung dch KOH, HCl c th iu ch c nhng cht kh g? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch cc kh . (CSPHN-98) I2 + Fe;
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Cl2 + H2S ( dung dch) v
29-Mt hn hp ba mui NaF, NaCl, NaBr nng 4,82 gam ho tan hon ton vo nc c dung dch A. Sc kh clo d vo dung dch A ri c cn hon ton dung dch sau phn ng thu c 3,93 gam mui khan. Ly mt na lng mui khan ny ho tan vo nc ri cho phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 th thu c 4,305 gam kt ta. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban u. (HQGTPHCM2000-tr29) 30-Cho 31,84 gam hn hp NaX, NaY (X, Y l hai halogen hai chu k lin tip) vo dung dch AgNO3 d, thu c 57,34 gam kt ta. Tm cng thc ca NaX, NaYv tnh khi lng ca mi mui. (HSPTPHCM-2000-tr122) 31-Hn hp gm NaI v NaBr ho tan vo nc c dung dch A. Cho brom va vo dung dch A c mui X c khi lng nh hn khi lng ca hn hp mui ban u l a gam. Ho tan X vo nc c dung dch B , sc kh clo va vo dung dch B, thu c mui Y c khi lng nh hn khi lng ca mui X l a gam. 1. Xc nh phn trm khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp mui ban u. (Coi Cl2, Br2, I2 khng phn ng vi nc.. 2. Vit phng trnh phn ng khi in phn dung dch thu c bng cch ho tan Y vo nc (vi cc in cc tr). Cho Na = 23; Br = 80 ; I = 127 ; Cl = 35,5. (H Lut HN-99) 32-Ho tan 5,37 gam hn hp gm 0,02 mol AlCl3 v mt mui halogenua ca kim loi M ho tr 2 vo nc, thu c dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng va vi 200 mililt dung dch AgNO3, thu c 14,35 gam kt ta. Lc ly dung dch, cho tc dng vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta B. Nung B n khi lng khng i c 1,6 gam cht rn. Mt khc, nhng mt thanh kim loi D ho tr 2 vo dung dch A, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng thanh kim loi D tng 0,16 gam (gi thit ton b kim loi M thot ra bm vo thanh kim loi D..
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1. Cho bit cng thc c th ca mui halogenua kim loi ? 2. D l kim loi g? 3. Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch AgNO3. (VinHM HN2000- tr287) 33-Ho tan hon ton 4,875 gam km vo 75 gam dung dch HCl (lng va ) c dung dch A v kh H2 . Ton b lng kh ny kh hon ton v va 4,4 gam hn hp CuO v Fe2O3. Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch HCl v dung dch A. Tnh khi lng mi oxit. (H An ninh-98) 34-Cho 1,68 gam hp kim Ag-Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. Kh thu c cho tc dng vi nc clo d, phn ng xy ra theo phng trnh: SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O = 2HCl + H2SO4 Dung dch thu c sau phn ng vi clo cho tc dng ht vi dung dch BaCl2 0,15M thu c 2,796 gam kt ta. 1. Tnh th tch dung dch BaCl2 cn dng. 2. Tnh thnh phn % ca hp kim. 3. Nu cho kh thu c tc dng vi 42ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M th khi lng sn phm thu c l bao nhiu? (CSPNgh An-98) 35-Ho tan hon ton hn hp A gm Mg, Cu vo mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 70%(c, nng), thu c 1,12 lt kh SO2 (o ktc. v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi NaOH d, c kt ta C; nung C n khi lng khng i, c hn hp cht rn E. Cho E tc dng vi lng d H2 (nung nng) thu c 2,72g hn hp cht rn F. Tnh s gam Mg, Cu c trong hn hp A. Cho thm 6,8g nc vo dung dch B c dung dch B . Tnh nng % cc cht trong B (xem nh lng nc bay hi khng ng k). (HBK HN-98) 36-Thm t t nc brom cho n d vo 100 ml nc c ho tan 0,672 lt SO2 (ktc).
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a. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Hy ch cht oxi ho, cht kh v cc cp oxi ho - kh lin quan n phn ng. b. Sc kh nit vo dung dch cho n khi ui ht brom d. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,480M cn trung ho hon ton dung dch thu c. (HSPHN2000tr109) 37-t chy hon ton 8,4 gam hn hp A gm FeS2 v Cu2S thu c kh X v cht rn B gm Fe2O3 v Cu2O. Lng kh X ny lm mt mu va ht dung dch cha 14,4 gam Brom. Cho cht rn B tc dng vi 600ml dung dch H2SO4 0,15M n khi phn ng kt thc thu c m gam cht rn v dung dch C. Ly 1/10 dung dch C pha long bng nc c 3 lt dung dch D. Bit rng khi ho tan Cu2O vo H2SO4 long thu c CuSO4 , Cu v H2O. 1. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp A? 2. Tnh m ? 3. Tnh pH ca dung dch D ? (HK-trcHN-CB-98) 38-Nung m (gam) CuS2 trong O2 d thu c cht rn A v hn hp B gm hai kh. Nung A nhit cao ri cho kh NH3 i qua c cht rn A1 . Cho A1 tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 c dung dch A2 . C cn dung dch A2 ri nung nhit cao c cht rn A3 v hn hp kh B3 . Cho nc hp th hon ton B3 iu kin thch hp thnh 2,5 lt dung dch A4 . 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng. 2. Khi m = 6,375 gam th: a. pH ca dung dch A4 l bao nhiu? b. Nu th tch hn hp B l 4,357 lt 27 OC v 0,984 atm th th tch O2 ly d bao nhiu phn trm so vi lng phn ng? 3) Nu cho hn hp B ln lt tc dng vi cc dung dch KMnO4 , dung dch Br2 , dung dch nc vi, kh H2S d th sn phm thu c l nhng cht g?
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(Cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton). (HVQHQuc t-98) Cho: Nguyn t khi Cu=63,5; Ag=108; S=32;C=12; O=16; H=1; N=14. 39-t chy hon ton 68,06 (g) hn hp gm CuS, ZnS, Fe2O3 ln mt t tp cht tr, thu c 10,08 lt kh SO2 (ktc) v hn hp rn A ca 3 oxit. Chia A thnh 2 phn bng nhau (gi s trong mi phn, lng tng cht ch bng na so vi trong A.. -Phn 1: Ho tan trong H2SO4 long, d. Loi b tp cht khng tan ri mang in phn dung dch thu c vi in cc tr. kt ta hon ton 1 kim loi thot ra trc catot cn lng in 24125 culng. -Phn 2: Nung trong lung kh CO d. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, loi b tp cht, thu c 22,9 (g) hn hp kim loi. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Tnh s mol cc cht trong hn hp u v phn trm tp cht. (CSPHi Phng-98) 40-Cho 500 ml dung dch A (gm BaCl2 v MgCl2 trong nc. phn ng vi 120 ml dung dch Na2SO4 0,5M (d), th thu c 11,65 gam kt ta. em phn dung dch c cn th thu c 16,77 gam hn hp mui khan. Xc nh nng mol/lt ca cc cht trong dung dch A. (H Cn Th98) 41-Ho tan hon ton 12 gam mt hn hp A gm CuO, Fe2O3 v MgO phi dng va 225 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Mt khc nu t nng 12 gam hn hp A v cho mt lung kh CO d i qua, phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 10 gam cht rn v kh D. 1/ Tnh % theo khi lng ca mi oxit trong hn hp A. 2/ Dn ton b kh D vo 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 c nng CM th sau phn ng thu c 14,775 gam kt ta. Tnh CM. (HDL ng -98) 42-Mt hn hp A gm 3 mui BaCl2 , KCl, MgCl2. Cho 54,7 gam hn hp A tc dng vi 600 ml dung dch AgNO3
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2M, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch D v kt ta B. Lc ly kt ta B, cho 22,4 gam bt st vo dung dch D, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn F v dung dch E. Cho F vo dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 . Cho NaOH d vo dung dch E thu c kt ta, nung kt ta trong khng kh nhit cao thu c 24 gam cht rn. 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng, tnh lng kt ta B, cht rn F. 2. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A? (H Thng mi-98) 43-Na2SO4 c dng trong sn xut giy, thu tinh, cht ty ra. Trong cng nghip n c sn xut bng cch un H2SO4 vi NaCl. Ngi ta dng mt lng H2SO4 khng d nng 75% un vi NaCl. Sau phn ng thu c mt hn hp rn cha 91,48% Na2SO4; 4,79% NaHSO4; 1,98% NaCl; 1,35% H2O; v 0,40% HCl. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ho hc xy ra. 2. Tnh t l % NaCl chuyn ho thnh Na2 SO4. 3. Tnh khi lng hn hp rn thu c nu dng mt tn NaCl. 4. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng mi kh v hi thot ra khi sn xut c mt tn hn hp rn. (HKT Quc dn-98) 44-Khi cho mt ming hp kim Na v K tc dng ht vi nc, ngi ta thu c 2 lt hiro ( 0OC v 1,12 atm ) v dung dch D. em trung ho dung dch D bng dung dch axit clohyric nng 0,5M, sau c cn dung dch th thu c 13,30 gam hn hp mui khan. 1/ Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hp kim. 2/ Tnh s ml dung dch axit clohiric cn thit trung ho dung dch D. (CSPK thut 1-98) 45- a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh iu ch axit sunfuric t qung pirit. b. Phn ng oxi ho SO2 bng khng kh l phn ng cn bng to nhit. to nhiu sn phm, nn tin hnh
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phn ng ny nhit cao hay thp? Trong thc t ti sao ngi ta tin hnh phn ng ny nhit 450OC m khng tin hnh nhit thng? (HQGTPHCM-2000tr40) 46-1)Cn dng bao nhiu tn pirit cha 90%FeS2 sn xut 1m3 axit sunfuric nguyn cht (d = 1,8305g/cm3). 2) Ho tan 9,875 gam mt mui hirocacbonat (mui A. vo nc v cho tc dng vi mt lng H2SO4 va ri c cn dung dch th thu c 8,25 gam mt mui sunfat trung ho khan. a. Xc nh cng thc phn t v gi tn mui. b. Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 5,6 lt cha CO2 ( O 0 C ; 0,5 atm) v m gam mui A ( th tch khng ng k). Nung nng bnh ti 546OC thy mui A b phn hu ht v p sut trong bnh t 1,86 atm. Tnh khi lng m. ( 57- IIItr107) 47-Cho Fe phn ng va ht vi dung dch H2SO4 thu c kh A v 8,28 gam mui. a. Tnh khi lng ca st phn ng bit rng s mol Fe bng 37,5% s mol H2SO4. b. Cho lng kh A thu c trn tc dng vi 100 ml (dd. NaOH 1M thu c (dd. B. Tnh nng mol/lt cc cht trong B (cho th tch (dd. B = 100ml). (HNT-2000tr65) 48- Mt dung dch c cha b (mol) H2SO4 ho tan va ht a (mol) Fe thu c kh A v 42,8 gam mui khan. Nung lng mui khan nhit cao trong iu kin khng c khng kh n khi khi lng khng i thu c hn hp kh B. a 2,5 1. Tnh gi tr ca a, b (bit t s = ). b 6 2. Tnh t khi ca hn hp B so vi khng kh. ( M kk = 29). (H Ngoi Thng-Pha Bc-98) 49-T khi hi ca hn hp X gm CO2 v SO2 so vi kh nit bng 2. Cho 0,112 lt ( iu kin tiu chun)
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ca X li chm qua 500ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2. Sau th nghim phi dng 25,00 ml HCl 0,200M trung ho lng Ba(OH)2 tha. a. Tnh % s mol ca mi kh trong hn hp X. b. Tnh nng dung dch Ba(OH)2 trc th nghim. c. Hy tm cch nhn bit mi kh c trong hn hp X, vit cc phng trnh phn ng. (HKTQD-2000-tr54) 50-Ho tan Cu2S trong H2SO4 c, nng c dung dch A v kh B. B lm mt mu dung dch nc brm. Cho NH3 tc dung vi dung dch A ti d. Hi c hin tng g xy ra? Vit cc phng trnh phn t v ion gii thch th nghim trn. (HVCNBCVT-2000-tr374) 51-Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit cp cht sau y: Kh CO2 v kh SO2 . Ch c dng mt thuc th thch hp. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. (HQGHN-99) 52-Bng phng php ho hc, hy tch SO2 ra khi hn hp gm: SO2, SO3, O2. (HQG tpHCM-t 3-98, CSPHN-99) 53-Lm sch khng kh c ln cc tp cht sau: Kh: SO2 ; CO2 ; Cl2 . (CKT M-99) 5-Cn bng ho hc- Chuyn dch 1-a. Th no l trng thi cn bng ca phn ng thun nghch? c im ca trng thi cn bng l g? b. Nhit , p sut c nh hng nh th no n s chuyn dch cn bng ca cc phn ng sau: 2NO2 N2O4 + Q (1) H2 (kh) + I2 (kh) 2HI (kh) (2) (Khng xt nh hng ca nhit n s chuyn dch cn bng ca phn ng (2)). (HYTBnh-2000-tr177) 2-Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch NH3 trong phng th nghim v trong cng nghip. (H Dc HN-98)
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cn bng
3-Cho cn bng sau y: Q.
N2 + 3H2
2NH3 +
Khi thay i p sut, nhit th cn bng s chuyn dch nh th no? Gii thch. (HQG TPHCM-t 298) 4-T khi hi ca st (III) clorua khan so vi khng kh nhit 447OC l 10,49 v 517OC l 9,57 v tn ti cn bng sau: 2FeCl3 Fe2Cl6 a. Tnh % s mol Fe2Cl6 c mt trong cn bng hai nhit trn. b. Phn ng thun vit trn l thu nhit hay to nhit? Gii thch v sao? (H KT Quc dn-98) 5-a. Ngi ta dng a mol axit axetic phn ng vi a mol ru etylic. Khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng th t l tch s nng mol/l cc cht trong cn bng nh sau: [ CH3COOC2H5 ] [ H2O] = 4 [ CH3COOH] [ C2H5OH] Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh t l % axit axetic chuyn ho thnh etyl axetat. b. Sn phm etyl axetat c tch ra khi dung dch. xc nh tinh khit ca sn phm thu c, ngi ta cho 50 ml dung dch KOH 0,495 mol/l vo 1,0040 gam sn phm v un si khong 15 pht phn ng xy ra hon ton. xc nh lng KOH d ngi ta lm ngui dung dch n nhit phng ri thm vo t git thuc th phenoltalein. Sau thm vo t t dung dch HCl nng 1 mol/l cho n khi bt u mt mu. dng ht 13,39 ml dung dch HCl. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh tinh khit ca sn phm, bit rng cc tp cht trong sn phm tr vi cc tc dng ho hc v khi un cc este bay hi khng ng k. (HKTQD-98tr54) 6- Phn ng: 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 l phn ng to nhit. Cho bit cn bng phn ng trn chuyn dch nh
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th no khi gim nhit ? khi tng p sut? khi thm cht xc tc? Gii thch. (HYHN-99-H khi A2003) 7- Cho phn ng xy ra theo phng trnh: Cr2O72 + H2O 2CrO42 + 2H+ a. Hi phn ng trn thuc loi no? b. Khi cho axit hoc kim vo th phn ng xy ra theo chiu no? (H Kin trc HN-CB99) 8- Cho phn ng n gin trng thi kh: A + B AB a. Vit biu thc tc ca phn ng trn. b. Xc nh , bit rng khi tng nng ca A v B gp 2 ln nhn thy tc phn ng tng gp 16 ln. (HQGtpHCM-99) 9- Cho cn bng sau y: PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2 Khi thay i p sut, nng ca clo th cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu no? Gii thch. (CKS-99) 10-Trong mt bnh kn th tch khng i khi thay i nhit , cha a mol O2 v 2a mol SO2 27,3OC; 10 atm v c mt xc tc V2O5. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian 409,5OC cho n khi p sut trong bnh l p (atm). Lp biu thc tnh p theo hiu sut h (%) v xt xem p thay i trong khong gi tr no? (H Hng hi MN-99) 11- Trong bnh kn cha 1 mol H2, 1 mol N2. Khi phn ng t n trng thi cn bng, c 0,4 mol NH3 c to thnh. a. Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng tng hp NH3. b. Khi h ang trng thi cn bng, nu tng p sut, cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu no ? Ti sao ? (H M C-CB99) 12-Mt hn hp kh A gm 2 kh N2 v H2 c trn theo t l s mol nN2 : nH2 = 1:3, phn ng gia N2 v H2 cho ra
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NH3. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh B. T khi hi ca A i vi B l 0,6. a. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp NH3. b. Cho hn hp kh B qua nc th cn li hn hp kh C. Tnh t khi hi ca A i vi C. (H Thu li-2001-tr167) 13- 1)- Trn a mol CH3COOH vi b mol C2H5OH, mt thi gian thy sinh ra c mol este, sau lng este khng thay i na. Thit lp biu thc tnh hng s cn bng K. Tnh K vi a = b = 1,000; c = 0,667. 2) Tnh khi lng este sinh ra khi cho 60 gam CH3COOH tc dng vi 184 gam C2H5OH. Nu cho 57 ml axit axetic tc dng vi 224 ml ru etylic 95,5O th lng este thu c s tng hay gim so vi trn? Ti sao? Bit khi lng ring ca axit axetic bng 1,053 g/ml; ca ru etylic bng 0,790g/ml; c dng tr s K tnh trn. (HQGHN-96tr127) 6-Dung dch-Axit baz- pH ca dung dch Cc l thuyt c bn: 1-S in li l g? Lm th no bit c mt cht A khi ho tan vo nc c in li hay khng? (HDL H Vng-99-CKS-99) 2-S in li v s in phn c phi l cc qu trnh oxi ho- kh khng? Gii thch, cho v d minh ho. (H Thng mi 2001tr47) 3-a. Phng trnh in li thnh ion c phi l mt dng ca phng trnh ion khng? V sao? b. Nu nhn xt khi qut v s in li ca axit trong dung dch nc. (Hc vin QHQT-1998tr180). 4-1- a. Baz l g? Nhng baz no c gi l kim? b. Hy gii thch ti sao amoniac v anilin u c tnh baz?
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2- Nu nhn xt khi qut v s phn li ca baz trong dung dch nc. (HNT-2000tr76) 5-Trnh by cc phng php thng dng iu ch cc baz v c. Cho cc v d minh ho. ( thi H-1982) 6- in li l g? Trnh by cc yu t nh hng n in li. (HQG TPHCM-t 2-1998,CKS-1999) 7-Phn ng ion l g? Nu iu kin c phn ng ion xy ra v trong iu kin no th khng c phn ng ion. Ly v d minh ho. (CSP Hu-1999) 8-Ho tan mt t NaCl vo nc c V ml dung dch A c khi lng ring d. Thm V1 ml nc vo dung dch A c (V+V1) ml dung dch B c khi lng ring d1. Hy chng minh rng d > d1. Bit khi lng ring ca nc l l g/ml. (HQGHN2000tr15) Tnh nng ca cc ion, pH ca dung dch (Vi cc cht in li mnh) 1. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau. H2SO4 0,00005M; NaOH 0,0001M. 2. Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 a mol/l, thu c m gam kt ta v dung dch sau phn ng c th tch 500 ml v c pH = 12. Tnh m v a. (H Quc gia H NI 2000) 3. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi cho 1 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,005M tc dng vi 4 lt dung dch NaOH 0,005M. 4. Dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH = 13 (dung dch A). Dung dch HCl c pH = 1 (dung dch B). em trn 2,75 lt A vi 2,25 lt B. Hy tnh nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch sau khi trn. 5. C 2 dung dch H2SO4 c pH = 1 v pH = 2. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi rt t t 50ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 50ml mi dung dch trn. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc dung dch thu c.
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6. a. Ho tan 4 gam NaOH rn vo nc thu c 10 lt dung dch A. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. b. Cho mt dung dch B ca 2 axit trong nc: H2SO4 0,3M v HCl 0,4M. Tnh pH ca dung dch B. 7. Pha trn 40 ml nc vo 10ml dung dch HCl c pH = 2. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. 8. Trn 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,05 mol/l vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 a mol/l, thu c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a. (HQGHN-2000) 9-Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08 mol/l v H2SO4 0,01 mol/l vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH a mol/l, thu c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a. (HQGHN-2000) 10. Dung dch HCl c pH = 2. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion H+, Cl- v OH- trong dung dch Tnh nng ca cc ion, pH ca dung dch (Vi cc cht in li yu) 1. Mt dung dch c cha 3 gam axit CH3COOH trong 250 ml dung dch. Cho bit phn ly ca axit l 1,4%. a. Tnh nng mol/l ca phn t v ion trong dung dch axit . b. Tnh pH ca dung dch axit trn. (CKS - 1999) 2. Dung dch HF c pH = 2. Hng s axit ca axit l 6,6.10-4. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch . 3- pH ca mt dung dch l g? Cho bit ngha ca i lng ny? Tnh pH ca dung dch baz yu NH3 0,05M gi s in li ca n bng 0,02. Dung dch HCl c pH = 3. Tnh nng ion [H+], [OH ], [Cl ] theo mol/l. (CSPHCM-99 -HKTQD-99) 4. Cho dung dch axit CH3COOH 0,1M. Bit KCH3COOH = 1,75.10 5; logK CH3COOH = - 4,757. a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch v tnh pH.
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b. Tnh in li ca axit trn. (HQG tpHCM-1998). 5- Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c pH = 2,9 (dung dch A.. Thm 50ml HCl 1.10 3M vo 50 ml dung dch A c dung dch B c pH=3. Hy cho bit in li ca CH3COOH tng hay gim t dung dch A n dung dch B v gii thch ti sao pH li tng? (HVQHQT-98tr180) 6-Tnh in li ca axit axetic trong dung dch 0,01M; nu trong 500ml dung dch c 3,13.1021 ht (phn t v ion). (HYDtpHCM-98) 7. Tnh pH ca dung dch sau 25OC: NaCl 0,1M; H2SO4 0,005M; NaOH 0,01M v CH3COOH 0,1M (cho in li =0,01). Bit rng 25OC [H+].[OH ] = 10 14. (HYThI Bnh-CB99)
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S thu phn ca dung dch mui - d on pH ca dung dch1.S thu phn ca mui l g? C my trng hp mui b thu phn? Cho v d. (CSPBc Giang-CB99) 2. Hy d on cc dung dch cho di y c pH ln hn hay nh hn 7. Gii thch bng thuyt axit-baz ca Bronsted: CH3COONa; NaHSO4; (NH4)2SO4; C2H5NH2; AlCl3. (HY Hi Phng-1999) 3-Nu ln lt nhng giy qu tm vo cc dung dch mui sau y: a. NH4Cl b. KNO3 c. Na2S th giy qu c mu g? Gii thch vn tt v vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho. 4. Cho mt t phenoltalein vo dung dch amoniac c cha a mol NH3 c dung dch A c mu. Hi mu ca dung dch bin i nh th no trong tng trng hp: a. Thm a mol HCl vo dung dch A. 1 b. Thm a mol AlCl3 vo dung dch A. 3 Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra (dng ion thu gn) gii thch. (HDL V nLang-CB99) 5-Mui l g? Trnh by phn ng nhit phn mui nitrat ca kim loi. Cho v d. (H Kin trc HN-CB99) 6. pH l g? Cho dung dch cc cht sau y: Na2CO3; NH4NO3; K2SO4. Hi dung dch no c pH > 7, pH = 7, pH < 7 ? Gii thch. (H Y Thi Bnh-CB99) 7. a. So snh pH ca cc dung dch c cng nng mol ca HCl v CH3COOH. Gii thch. b. So snh (c gii thch) nng mol ca cc dung dch CH3COONa v NaOH c cng pH.
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c. Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,025M cn cho vo 100ml dung dch gm HNO3 v HCl c pH = 1,0 pH ca hn hp thu c bng 2,0. (HSPHN2001tr64) 8. Theo nh ngha mi v axit, baz th NH3, NH4+ cht no l axit, cht no l baz? Cho phn ng minh ho, gii thch ti sao NH3 c tnh cht . (Bu chnh VT-99) 9. Dng thuyt Bronsted, hy gii thch v sao cc cht Al(OH)3, H2O, NaHCO3 c coi l cht lng tnh. (HDL Hng Vng-99) 10. Cc cht v ion cho di y ng vai tr lng tnh, trung tnh, axit hay baz. Al3+ ; NH4+ ; C6H5O- ; S2- ; Zn(OH)2 ; Al(OH)3 ; Na+ ; Cl- ; CO32-. Ti sao? Ho tan 6 mui sau y vo nc. NaCl; NH4Cl ; AlCl3 ; Na2S ; Na2CO3 ; C6H5ONa thnh 6 dung dch, sau cho vo mi dung dch mt t qu tm. Hi dung dch c mu g? 11. Theo nh ngha mi v axit- baz ca Bronsted cc ion. Na+ ; NH4+ ; CO32- ; CH3COO- ; HSO4- ; HCO3-; K+ ; Cll axit, baz, lng tnh hay trung tnh? Ti sao? Trn c s hy d on pH ca cc dung dch cho sau y c gi tr nh th no so vi 7. Na2CO3 ; KCl ; CH3COONa ; NH4Cl ; NaHSO4. 12. Cho a mol NO2 hp th vo dung dch cha a mol NaOH. Dung dch thu c c pH ln hn hay nh hn 7? Ti sao? 13. a. Cho qu tm vo cc dung dch sau y: NH4Cl, CH3COOK, Ba(NO3)2, Na2CO3. Qu s i mu g? Gii thch? b. Ho tan 5 mui NaCl, NH4Cl, AlCl3, Na2S vo nc thnh 5 dung dch, sau cho mt t qu tm? Hi qu tm c mu g? Ti sao? 14. a. Hy nh gi gn ng pH (>7, =7, <7) ca cc dung dch cc cht sau: Ba(NO3)2; CH3COOH, Na2CO3, NaHSO4.
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b. Trong cc dung dch trn, dung dch no c th phn ng c vi nhau? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v gii thch hin tng. 15. Ho tan Al(NO3)3 vo nc ta c dung dch A. Ho tan Na2CO3 vo nc ta c dung dch B. a. Hi dung dch A v dung dch B c pH ln hn hay nh hn 7? Ti sao? b. Trn dung dch A vi dung dch B ta c kt ta C, kh D v dung dch P. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v gii thch hin tng. 16. a. Hy gii thch ti sao nc nguyn cht c pH=7 v nc trong khng kh li c pH < 7. b. Cho mt t giy qu tm vo cc dung dch cha NH4Cl, Na2SO4, Na2CO3 dung dch chuyn mu g ? Gii thch? c. Cho t mt mu Na kim loi vo dung dch mui sunfat kim loi ha tr II cho ti khi xut hin kt ta v sau va tan ht. Hi l mui sunfat ca kim loi g hc (Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ni, Ca, Hg, Ba, Mn)? Gi tr pH ca dung dch thu c ln hn hay nh hn 7? Ti sao? 17. Do nhiu ngun nhim, trong kh quyn thng tn ti cc kh SO2, NO v CO2; c mt phn SO2 v NO b oxi ho. l nguyn liu ch yu lm cho nc ma c pH thp hn nhiu so vi nc nguyn cht. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng din t nhng bin i ho hc xy ra. (HSP H Ni 2000) Pha trn dung dch 1. Cho dung dch HCl c pH = 4. Hi phi pha thm mt th tch nc gp bao nhiu ln th tch dung dch ban u c mt dung dch c pH = 5. (HSPTPHCM-2000tr120) 2. Pha long 10 ml HCl vi nc thnh 250 ml. Dung dch thu c c pH=3. Hy tnh nng ca HCl trc khi pha
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long v pH ca dung dch . (HKTQD-99) 3. Phi thm bao nhiu gam H2SO4 vo 2 lt dung dch axit c pH=3 thu c dung dch c pH = 1. (Coi s thay i th tch khi thm H2SO4 l khng ng k). (HSPVinh-99) 4. Cho dung dch NaOH c pH=13 (dung dch A). a. Cn pha long dung dch A bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch B c pH=12. b. Cho 1,177 gam mui NH4Cl vo 200 ml dung dch B v un si dung dch, sau lm ngui v thm mt t phenolphtalein vo. Hi dung dch c mu g? Cho N=14, H=1, Cl=35,5. (HD HN-98) 5. a. Thm t t 100 gam dung dch H2SO4 98% vo nc v iu chnh c 1 lt dung dch A. Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dung dch A. b. Phi thm vo 1 lt dung dch A trn bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 1,8M thu c: - Dung dch c pH = 1. - Dung dch c pH = 13. Cho bit trong dung dch nc lun lun c [H+] [OH ]=10 14. (HQGTPHCM-2000tr42) 6. Cho dung dch HCl c pH = 4. Hi phi pha long dung dch trn bng nc ct bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch HCl c pH = 6. 7. Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 13. Cn pha long dung dch bng nc ct bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch NaOH c pH = 10. 8. Pha long 10 ml dung dch HCl vi H2O thnh 250 ml dung dch c pH = 3. Hy tnh nng mol/l ca HCl trc khi pha v pH ca dung dch . 9. Tm nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch H2SO4 c pH = 3. Cn pha long dung dch trn bao nhiu ln bng dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 thu c dung dch mi c pH = 5.
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10. a. Phi ly bao nhiu gam axit H 2SO4 thm vo 2 lt dung dch axit mnh (pH =2) thu c dung dch c pH = 1. b. Phi ly dung dch axit (pH = 5) v dung dch baz (pH = 9) theo t l th tch no thu c dung dch c pH = 8. c. Dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH = 13 (dung dch A). Dung dch HCl c pH = 1 (dung dch B). - Tnh nng mol ca dung dch A v B. - Trn 2,75 lt dung dch A v 2,25 lt dung dch B. Xc nh nng mol cc cht trong dung dch to ra v tm pH ca dung dch ny, gi s khi pha trn th tch dung dch khng thay i. 11. a. Pha long 200ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 vi 1,3 lt H2O thu c dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u, bit rng Ba(OH)2 phn li hon ton. b. Pha long 10ml HCl vi nc thnh 250ml. Dung dch thu c c pH = 3. Hy tnh nng ca HCl trc khi pha long v pH ca dung dch . 12. Ho tan nhit phng 0,963 gam NH 4Cl vo100ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,165M. Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch. Dung dch thu c c mi trng axit hay baz? 13-Trn V1 lt dung dch HCl 0,6M vi V2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,4M thu c 0,6 lt dung dch A. Tnh V1 , V2 bit rng 0,6 lt dung dch A c th ho tan ht 1,02 g Al2O3. (HNLHCM-2001 tr221) 14. Ho tan hn hp gm 6,4 g CuO v 16 g Fe2O3 trong 160 ml dung dch H2SO4 2M n khi phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng thy c m gam cht rn khng tan. Tnh m. (HNLHCM-2001 tr221) 15. Ho tan 0,963 gam NH4Cl vo 100ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,165M, un si dung dch. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc cht trong hn hp (coi th tch dung dch khng thay i khi ho tan cht rn, khi un nc bay hi khng ng k). Dung dch thu c c phn ng axit hay baz?
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(HSPHN-2000tr110) 16. X l dung dch H2SO4 0,02 M. Y l dung dch NaOH 0,035M. Hi phi trn dung dch X v dung dch Y theo t l th tch bng bao nhiu thu c dung dch Z c pH = 2. Cho th tch dung dch Z bng tng th tch cc dung dch X v Y em trn. (H Nng lm tpHCM-2001tr221) 17. Trn dung dch A cha NaOH v dung dch B cha Ba(OH)2 theo th tch bng nhau c dung dch C. Trung ho 100 ml dung dch C cn dng ht 35 ml dung dch H2SO4 2M v thu c 9,32 gam kt ta. Tnh nng CM (mol/l) ca cc dung dch A v B. Cn phi trn bao nhiu ml dung dch B vi 20 ml dung dch A ho tan va ht 1,08 gam bt Al. (H Bch khoa HN-98) 18. Ho tan NaOH rn vo nc to thnh hai dung dch A v B vi nng phn trm ca dung dch A gp 3 ln nng phn trm ca dung dch B. Nu em pha trn hai dung dch A v B theo t l khi lng mA : mB = 5 : 2 th thu c dung dch C c nng phn trm l 20%. Hy xc nh nng phn trm ca hai dung dch A v B. (Phn hiu H An ninh 2001tr304) 19. Ho tan m gam kim loi Ba vo nc, thu c 1,5 lt dung dch X c pH = 13. Tnh m? (HTM2001tr47) Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v ion. 1. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau dng phn t v ion (nu c). a. Na2CO3 + BaCl2 g. NaHCO3 + Ba(OH)2 b. Cu(NO3)2 + NaOH h. FeCl3 + dd Na2CO3 c. H2SO4 + Na2CO3 i. NaAlO2 + dd AlCl3 d. (NH4)2SO4 + KOH j. NaAlO2 + dd NH4Cl e. NaCl + AgNO3 k. Ba(HCO3)2 + dd f. NaHCO3 + NaHSO4 ZnCl2
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l. CuSO4 + NaNO3 2. Vit phng trnh phn t ca nhng phn ng c phng trnh ion thu gn nh sau. a. Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 b. HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O c. HCO3- + HSO4- SO42- + CO2 + H2O d. NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O e. CO32- + Fe3+ + H2O FeOH)3 + CO2 f. Fe3+ + OH- Fe(OH)3 g. H+ + CO32- CO2 + H2O h. AlO2- + NH4+ + H2O NH3 + Al(OH)3 i. AlO2- + Al3+ + H2O Al(OH)3 j. AlO2- + CO2 + H2O HCO3- + Al(OH)3 3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng di dng phn t v ion thu gn ca dung dch NaHCO3 vi tng dung dch: H2SO4 long, KOH, Ba(OH)2 d. Trong mi phn ng , ion HCO3ng vai tr axit hay baz? (BKHN 98) 4. Cho cc cp cht sau y ho tan trong nc: (1) NaHCO3 v CaCl2 (3) MgCl2 v NaOH (2) Na2CO3 v AlCl3 (4) NH4Cl v KOH Cp no tn ti, cp no khng tn ti? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c). (H Cn Th-2000tr308) 5. Mui l g? Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng c th xy ra khi cho: a. dd NaHSO4 + Zn ; b. CuCl2 + dd NH3; c. Fe(NO3)2 + H2O (HNgoi Thng-98) 6. Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho FeCl3 tc dng vi dung dch KI; dung dch Na2CO3. (Bu chnh VT-99) 7. V sao NH3 khng tn ti trong mi trng axit ? V sao Zn(OH)2 khng tn ti trong mi trng axit cng nh trong mi trng kim d ? (H DcHN-99)
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8. Ho tan hn hp gm Na2O, BaCl2, NaHCO3 v NH4Cl c s mol mi cht bng nhau (bng a mol) vo nc ri un nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim c dung dch A. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Cho bit dung dch A cha nhng cht g? C cn dung dch A c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan (tnh theo a)? (CKTKTCN1-2001tr300) 9. Vit phng trnh phn ng (nu c) khi cho ion Zn2+ ln lt tc dng vi H2O; dung dch AgNO3; dung dch NaOH; dung dch NH3. (H Ngoi thng-Pha Bc-98) 10. Cho tng cht AlCl3 v CuCl2 ln lt vo cc dung dch: a. KOH d. b. NH3 d. Nu hin tng v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (HNN1-98) 11. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra di dng ion khi cho: a. Mg d vo dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 v HCl. Bit sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh gm N2 v H2. b. Dung dch cha H2SO4 v FeSO4 tc dng vi dung dch cha NaOH v Ba(OH)2 u d. (H Cn Th-99) 12. Kh NH3 b ln hi nc, c th dng cc cht no trong nhng cht sau y thu c NH3 khan: H2SO4 c, CaO, P2O5, Ba(OH)2 c. Ti sao ? (HXD-1999) 13. T phn nhm amoni, xt, axit sunfuric v nc c th iu ch c nhng cht g? Vit phng trnh phn ng. (HYHP-99) 14. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi nhit phn cc mui: MgCO3, Al(NO3)3, AgNO3, KNO3, Ba(HCO3)2, Na2SO4, Cu(NO3)2. (CSPBcNinh-99) S dng phng trnh ion trong gii ton ho hc I. Bi ton cho cc ion: 1. Mt dung dch cha. a mol Na+ ; b mol Ca2+ ; c mol Al3+; d mol Cl- ; e mol NO3-.
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a. Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d, e. b. Lp cng thc tnh tng khi lng cc mui trong dung dch. 2. Mt dung dch cha a mol Na+, b mol Ca2+, c mol HCO3v d mol Cl-. Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d v cng thc tnh tng khi lng mui trong dung dch. 3. Dung dch A cha a mol Na+ ; b mol NH4+ ; c mol HCO3- ; d mol CO32- ; e mol SO42-. Thm (c + d + e) mol Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch A, un nng thu c kt ta B, dung dch X v kh Y duy nht c mi khai. Tnh s mol ca mi cht trong kt ta B, kh Y v mi ion trong dung dch X theo a, b, c, d, e. 4. Mt dung dch c cha 2 cation l Fe 2+ (0,1 mol) v Al3+ (0,2 mol) v 2 anion l Cl (x mol) v SO42 (y mol). Tnh x v y, bit rng khi c cn dung dch thu c 46,9 gam cht rn khan. (HQGTPHCM-99) 5. Hy xc nh khi lng cc mui c trong dung dch A cha cc ion Na+, NH4+, SO42 , v CO32 , bit rng khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d v un nng thu c 0,34 gam kh c th lm xanh qu m v 4,3 gam kt ta; cn khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 d th thu c 0,224 lt kh (ktc). (HVKTQS-2000tr206) 6. C 2 dung dch: Dung dch A v dung dch B. Mi dung dch ch cha 2 loi cation v 2 loi anion trong s cc ion sau: K+ (0,15 mol), Mg2+ (0,1 mol), NH4+ (0,25 mol), H+ (0,2 mol), Cl (0,1 mol), SO42 (0,075 mol), NO3 (0,25 mol), CO32 (0,15 mol). Xc nh dung dch A v dung dch B. (HCn Th2001tr214) 7. Dung dch A c V = 1500 ml cha cc ion (Ba2+, Na+, Cl-, NO3-), chia lm ba phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: Thm Na2SO4 (d) thu c 4,66 gam kt ta. - Phn 2: Thm AgNO3 (d) thu c 5,74 gam kt ta. - Phn 3: C cn th c 6,71 gam mui.
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Tnh CM ca cc ion trong A. 8. Dung dch A cha cc ion Na+, NH4+, SO42-, CO32- c chia lm 2 phn bng nhau: Phn 1: tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, un nng ta thu c 4,3 gam kt ta X v 448 ml kh Y (ktc). Phn 2: tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 224 ml kh (ktc). Tnh khi lng mui c trong A. 9. Mt dung dch X c cha ion Ca2+, Al3+, Cl-. lm kt ta ht ion Cl- trong 10ml dung dch phi dng ht 70ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Khi c cn 100ml dung dch X thu c 35,55 gam hn hp hai mui khan. Tnh nng mol ca mi mui trong dung dch X. 10. Mt cc nc cha 0,01 mol Na+ ; 0,02 mol Cl ; 0,01 mol Mg2+ ; 0,02 mol Ca2+ v 0,05 mol HCO3 . un si cc nc trn mt hi lu, hi s mol mi ion trong nc sau khi un bng bao nhiu ? T kt lun nc trong cc ban u thuc loi nc c cng tm thi, vnh cu hay ton phn. (HYHN-99) 11. Mt loi phn ngm nc c to thnh t cation M+, Al3+ v SO42 . Nung 9,06 gam phn c 4,74 gam phn khan. Mt khc, cho 9,06 gam phn ho tan vo nc ri cho tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d c 9,32 gam kt ta A v kh C. Lng kh C to thnh tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,2M. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca phn. (CSPBcNinh99) 12. Trong 1 lt dung dch (Z) c 0,05 mol Na2SO4, 0,10 mol KCl v 0,05 mol NaCl. Hi: a. Cn phi ly bao nhiu mol NaCl vi bao nhiu mol K2SO4 pha ch 400 ml dung dch mui c nng cc ion nh dung dch (Z). b. C th dng 2 mui KCl, Na2SO4 pha ch 400 ml dung dch mui c nng cc ion nh dung dch (Z) c khng?
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(CSPH CM-99) 13. Cho V ml dung dch NH3 2M vo 300 ml dung dch CuCl2 0,3M thu c 3,92 gam kt ta. Tnh V. (HVQY 2000-tr197) 14. Cho 0,1 mol FeCl3 tc dng ht vi dung dch Na2CO3 d, thu c cht kh v kt ta. Ly kt ta em nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng ion v phn t. (HVKTQSCB99) II. Dung dch axit - baz 1. Ho tan ht 7,74 (g) hn hp bt hai kim loi Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch axit HCl 1M, H2SO4 0,28 M (long) thu c dung dch A v 8,736 (l) kh H2 (ktc). Cho rng cc axit ng thi phn ng vi hai kim loi. a. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh. b. Cho dung dch A phn ng vi V lt dung dch gm NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,5 M. Tnh V cn dng thu c kt ta ln nht. Tnh khi lng kt ta . 2. Ho tan hon ton 17,88 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim A, B v kim loi kim th M vo nc thu c dung dch C v 0,24 mol kh H2 bay ra. Dung dch D gm H2SO4 v HCl trong s mol HCl gp 4 ln s mol H2SO4. a. trung ho 1/2 dung dch C cn ht V lt dung dch D. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh trong phn ng trung ha. b. Ho tan hon ton m (g) Al vo 1/2 dung dch C thu c dung dch E v mt lng H2 bng 3/4 lng H2 thu c trn (khi ho tan X vo nc). Tnh m? c. Nu cho V lt dung dch D tc dng vi dung dch E th lng kt ta thu c nhiu hn lng kt ta to ra phn 1 bao nhiu gam? 3. C V1 lt dung dch HCl cha 9,125g HCl (dd A) v V 2 lt dung dch HCl cha 5,475g HCl (dd B). Trn dung dch A
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vi dung dch B ta c 2 lt dung dch mi (dd C). Th tch ca dung dch C bng tng th tch dung dch A v dung dch B. a. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch C. b. Tnh CM ca dung dch A v B bit rng hiu s nng mol ca A v B l 0,4 M 4. Cho dung dch A gm 2 cht HCl v H2SO4. Trung ho 1000 ml dung dch A th cn 400ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. C cn dung dch to thnh th thu c 12,95 gam mui. a. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc axit trong dung dch A. b. Tnh pH ca dung dch A. 5. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch H2SO4 v dung dch NaOH, bit rng: - 30ml dung dch H2SO4 c trung ho ht bi 20ml dung dch NaOH v 10ml dung dch KOH 2M. - 30 ml dung dch NaOH c trung ho ht bi 20ml dung dch H2SO4 v 5ml dung dch HCl 1M. 6. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO3 v dung dch KOH, bit rng: - 20ml dung dch HNO3 c trung ho ht bi 60ml dung dch KOH. - 20ml dung dch HNO3 sau khi tc dng vi 2 gam CuO th c trung ho ht bi 10ml dung dch KOH. 7. a. So snh pH ca cc dung dch c cng nng mol ca HCl v CH3COOH . Gii thch. b. So snh ( c gii thch) nng mol ca cc dd CH3COONa v NaOH c cng pH. c. Tnh th tch dd Ba(OH)2 0,025M cn cho vo 100ml dd gm HNO3 v HCl c pH=1,0 pH ca hn hp thu c bng 2,0. 8. A, B l 2 dung dch HCl c nng khc nhau. Ly V lt dung dch A cho tc dng vi AgNO3 d th to thnh 35,876 gam kt ta. trung ho V lt dung dch B cn dng 500ml dung dch NaOH 0,3M.
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a. Trn V lt dung dch A vi V lt dung dch B ta c 2 lt dung dch (V+V=2). Tnh nng mol ca dung dch C. b. Ly 100ml dung dch A v 100ml dung dch B cho ln lt tc dng ht vi Fe th lng H2 thot ra t 2 dung dch chnh nhau 0,448 lt (ktc). Tnh nng mol ca cc dung dch A, B. 9. C 2 dung dch H2SO4 vi pH = 1 v 2. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi rt t t 50ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 50ml mi dung dch trn. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc dung dch thu c. 10. trung ho hon ton 50 ml hn hp X gm HCl v H2SO4 cn dng 20 ml NaOH 0,3M. C cn dung dch sau khi trung ho thu c 0,381 gam hn hp mui (kh). a. Hy tnh nng mol ca mi axit trong hn hp X. b. Tnh pH ca hn hp X, nu coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton thnh ion. c. Tnh s gam ti a ca hn hp Cu-Mg cha 20% Mg c th ho tan hon ton trong 150 ml dung dch X. (H ThngLong-99) 11. Tnh khi lng N2O5 cn ho tan vo 120 gam nc thu c dung dch HNO3 10%. (H Nng t 2 - 99) III. Hn hp mui cng cation - anion 1. C 600ml dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 v NaHCO3. Thm 5,64 gam K2CO3 v KHCO3 vo dung dch trn th thu c dung dch A (gi s th tch dung dch A vn l 600ml). Chia A lm 3 phn bng nhau. - Cho rt t t 100 ml dung dch HCl vo phn 1, thu c dung dch B v 448 ml kh kh (ktc) bay ra. Thm nc vi trong d vo dung dch B thy to thnh 2,5 gam kt ta. - Phn 2 cho tc dng va vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1.
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- Cho kh HBr d i qua phn 3, sau c cn th thu c 8,125 gam mui khan. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh CM cc mui trong dung dch A v dung dch HCl dng. 2. Ho tan a gam hn hp Na2CO3 v KHCO3 vo nc c 400ml dung dch A. Cho t t 100 ml dung dch HCl 1,5 M vo dung dch A, thu c dung dch B v 1,008 lt kh (o ktc). Cho dung dch B tc dng vi Ba(OH) 2 d thu c 29,55 gam kt ta. a. Tnh a? b. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong A? 3. C 1 lt dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 0,1M v (NH4)2CO3 0,25M. Cho 43g hn hp BaCl2 v CaCl2 vo dung dch . Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 39,7g kt ta A v dung dch B. a. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong A. b. Chia dung dch B thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Cho HCl d vo mt phn, sau c cn dung dch vo nung cht rn cn li ti khi lng khng i c cht rn X. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong X. - un nng phn th hai ri thm t t 270ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M vo. Hi tng khi lng ca hai dung dch gim ti a bao nhiu gam ? Gi s nc bay hi khng ng k. 4. Mt hn hp A gm M2CO3, MHCO3, MCl (M l kim loi kim). Cho 43,71g A tc dng ht vi V ml (d) dung dch HCl 10,52% (d=1,05g/ml) thu c dung dch B v 17,6 gam kh C. Chia B thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 phn ng va vi 125 ml d KOH 0,8M, c cn dung dch thu c m gam mui khan. Phn 2 tc dng hon ton vi AgNO3 d thu c 68,88 gam kt ta trng. a. Tnh khi lng nguyn t M v % khi lng ca cc cht trong A. b. Tnh V v m.
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c. Ly 10,93 gam hn hp A ri nung nh n khi khng cn kh thot ra. Cho kh thu c qua 250ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh trong dung dch thu c. 5. Cho m1 gam hn hp gm Na2CO3 v K2CO3 trong khi lng K2CO3 gp 2,604 ln khi lng ca Na2CO3. Ho tan hn hp trn trong 61,8 gam nc, thu c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi HCl d, kh to thnh c hp th ht bi 500ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,5M c m2 gam kt ta. Lc kt ta c dung dch B. Cho B trung ho ht bi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. a. Tnh gi tr ca m1, m2. b. Tnh nng phn trm ca hai mui c trong dung dch A. c. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M phn ng ht vi dung dch A. d. Cn thm vo dung dch A bao nhiu gam Na2CO3 nng Na2CO3 l 27,6%. (HSP KT TPHCM 1991) 6. Mt dung dch cha a mol NaHCO3 v b mol Na2CO3. a. Khi thm (a+b) mol CaCl2 hoc (a+b) mol Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch trn th kt ta trong hai trng hp c bng nhau khng? b. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c trong trng hp a = 0,1 mol v b = 0,2 mol. (H QG TP HCM t 1 2000) 7. xc nh nng mol ca Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 trong dung dch hn hp ca chng (dung dch A), ngi ta lm nh sau: -Ly 25,00 ml A, cho tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Lng HCl d c trung ho va bng 14,00 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. -Ly 25,00 ml A, cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl2. Lc, b i kt ta, thu ly nc lc. Nc lc tc dng va vi 26,00 ml HCl 1M. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh nng mol ca mi mui trong dung dch A.
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(H DL ng -99) 8. Ho tan 63,8 gam hn hp BaCl2 v CaCl2 vo 500 gam H2O thu c dung dch A. Thm 500 ml dung dch Na2CO3 1,4M vo dung dch A, sau phn ng thu c 59,4 gam kt ta v dung dch B. 1/ Tnh nng % ca mi mui trong dung dch A. 2/ Thm vo dung dch B mt lng va dung dch HCl 0,5M (d=1,05g/ml) thu c dung dch C. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M dng v nng % ca mui trong dung dch C. (H DL Phng ng-99)
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7-Kim loi - Hp kim I. Bi tp l thuyt 1. Hy nu tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi. Vit phng trnh tng qut. (H Ngoi thng-99) 2. a. Vit cc phng phn ng khi cho cc kim loi Na, Mg, Al, Fe, Cr tc dng vi: Cl2 , H2O, dung dch NaOH, dung dch Cu(NO3)2. b. Hy nu nhn xt khi qut v kh nng phn ng ca cc kim loi vi phi kim, vi nc, vi dung dch kim, vi dung dch mui. (HSP Vinh-99) 3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ca hn hp Fe v Cu vi kh Cl2 d, dung dch H2SO4 long, dung dch HNO3 c nng d v ch cho kh mu nu , dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 d. (HVKTQS-2001tr319) 4. Cho kim loi A phn ng vi dung dch mui ca kim loi B sinh ra dung dch mui ca kim loi A v kim loi B kt ta. a. Cho bit iu kin phn ng xy ra c theo c ch trn v cho mt th d. b. Cho 2 th d khc nhau v phn ng xy ra gia 1 kim loi vi dung dch mui kim loi khc nhng khng theo c ch trn. (HQG TPHCM t 1-99) 5. Hy cho bit vai tr ca kim loi v ion kim loi trong phn ng oxi ho- kh. Cho v d minh ho. (HHu 2001tr135) 6. Vit cc phn ng ho hc ca Ca, Al, Fe khi cho tng cht tc dng vi H2O, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH. (TTT cn b Y t HCM-2001tr318) 9. Hy nu nguyn tc chung iu ch kim loi. Nu mt s phng php thng dng iu ch cc kim loi hot ng ho hc mnh, trung bnh v yu. Cho cc v d minh ho, vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (H Thi Nguyn-98- H Thu sn-99)
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10. Nu nguyn tc chung iu ch kim loi. Cc phng php iu ch kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm I, phn nhm chnh nhm II, nhm. Cho v d minh ho. (H Thng Mi-2001tr47) 11. a. Hp kim l g? b. Hp kim thng c cu to bng cc loi tinh th no? (cho th d cc hp kim to nn t cc loi tinh th , nu bit). (HNgoi Thng MN-1999-H An ninh-2000-tr377)
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II. Ton y: Kim loi tc dng vi dung dch mui: 1. Cho 12,88 gam hn hp Mg v Fe vo 700 ml dung dch AgNO3. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, tc dng cht rn C nng 48,72 gam v dung dch D. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch D, ri ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 14 gam cht rn. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u v nng mol ca dung dch AgNO3 dng. (HQGHN - 2000) 2. Cho 1,58 gam hn hp dng bt gm Mg v Fe tc dng vi 125 ml dung dch CuCl2. Khuy u hn hp, lc ra kt ta thu c dung dch B v 1,92 gam cht rn C. Thm vo B mt lng dung dch NaOH long, d, lc ra kt ta mi to thnh. Nung kt ta trong khng kh nhit cao, thu c 0,7 gam cht rn D gm 2 oxit kim loi. Tt c cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng v gii thch. 2. Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong A v nng mol ca dung dch CuCl2. (HYHN - 2002) 3. Cho 0,411 gam hn hp Fe v Al vo 250 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,12M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c cht rn A nng 3,324 gam v dung dch nc lc. Cho dung dch nc lc tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th to kt ta trng dn dn ho nu trong khng kh. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. (TTTBDCBYT - 2000) 4. Cho 10,72 gam hn hp Fe v Cu tc dng vi 500ml dung dch AgNO3. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch A v 35,84 gam cht rn B. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi NaOH d. Lc ly kt ta ra sch ri nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 12 gam cht rn C. a. Tnh khi lng cc kim loi trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh nng mol dung dch AgNO3.
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5. Cho 1,36 gam hn hp Fe v Mg vo 400ml dung dch CuSO4 cha r nng . Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton c cht rn A nng 1,84 gam v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi NaOH d. Lc ly kt ta em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c hn hp oxit nng 1,2 gam. a. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi ban u. b. Tnh nng mol dung dch CuSO4. (HYD TPHCM) 6. Cho 7,64 gam hn hp A gm Cu, Fe vo 1,1 lt dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,1M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch B v 0,96 gam mt cht rn C. Cho C vo dung dch H2SO4 long khng thy c kh thot ra. 1. Tnh khi lng Cu, Fe c trong 7,64 gam hn hp A. 2. Cho dung dch B phn ng va vi 100 ml dung dch KMnO4 trong mi trng axit H2SO4. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch KMnO4 (bit trong mi trng axit MnO4- Mn2+). (CSPHN - 2002 - khi A) 7. Cho 12,9 gam hn hp Zn v Cu phn ng vi 0,2 lt dung dch AgNO3. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c 35,6 gam cht rn A v dung dch B. C cn dung dch B c 28,3 gam mui khan. a. Tnh % khi lng cc kim loi ban u. b. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch AgNO3. 8. Cho 5,6 gam hn hp Mg, Cu vo 400 ml dung dch AgNO3, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 32,4 gam cht rn A v dung dch nc lc B. a. Tnh s gam mi kim loi c trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh nng mol ca cc mui trong nc lc B. 9. Cho 21,44 gam Fe v Cu vo 2 lt dung dch AgNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 71,68 gam cht rn A v dung dch B. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch B thy c kt ta. Lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 25,6 gam cht rn. a. Tnh s gam Fe, Cu trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh nng mol dung dch AgNO3. (HSP Quy Nhn - 2001)
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10. Cho 1,66 gam hn hp bt A gm Al v Fe tc dng vi 400 ml dung dch CuCl2 0,1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton em lc tch c kt ta B gm 2 kim loi c khi lng l 3,12 gam v dung dch C. 1. Hy tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc cht trong A. 2. Thm Ba(OH)2 0,015M vo dung dch C. Hy tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 cn cho vo thu c kt ta ln nht. (CSP Hi Dng 2002) 11. Cho 1,1 gam hn hp Al v Fe (nAl= 2nFe) vo 100ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5 M. Khuy u cho n phn ng xy ra hon ton. 1. Tnh khi lng cht rn sinh ra. 2. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch thu c. 12. Cho 9,16 gam bt A gm Zn, Fe, Cu vo cc ng 170 ml dung dch CuSO4 1M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B v kt ta C. Nung C trong khng kh nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 12 gam cht rn. Thm dung dch NaOH vo mt na dung dch B, lc ly kt ta, ra v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 5,2 gam cht rn D. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi c trong hn hp ban u. 13. Ho tan 3,28 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe trong 500ml dung dch HCl 1M c dung dch Y. Thm 200 gam dung dch NaOH 12% vo dung dch Y, phn ng xong em lc thu ly kt ta, lm kh ri em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i c 1,6 gam cht rn (cc phn ng xy ra hon ton). Hy tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi kim loi c trong 3,28 gam hn hp ban u. (H Thu li HN - 2000) 14. Ho tan hon ton 19,92 gam hn hp Al v Fe trong 4,7 lt dung dch HCl 0,5M. Thm 400 gam dung dch NaOH 24% vo dung dch thu c trn, lc ly kt ta, ra sch ri nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i , cn nng 27,3g. Xc nh khi lng ca Al, Fe trong hn hp u.
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15. Cho 9,10 gam bt km vo mt dung dch cha hn hp hai mui tan gm c AgNO3 0,1 mol v Hg(NO3)2 0,1 mol. Phn ng xy ra hon ton. a. Vit phng trnh phn ng tun t xy ra (dng ion thu gn) c gii thch. b. Tm khi lng cht rn thu c. (HDL VnLang-99) 16. Cho hn hp Mg v Cu tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp hai mui AgNO3 0,3M v Cu(NO3)2 0,25 M. Sau khi phn ng xong, c dung dch A v cht rn B. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i c 3,6 gam hn hp hai oxit. Ho tan hon ton B trong H2SO4 c, nng c 2,016 lt kh SO2 ( ktc). Tnh khi lng Mg v Cu trong hn hp ban u. (H Cng on-2001tr150) 17. Cho 1,7g hn hp bt Mg v Fe vo 500ml dung dch CuSO4 cha bit nng . Sau khi kt thc phn ng thu c cht rn A cn nng 2,3g v dung dch (nc lc) B. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d khi c mt khng kh. Lc ly kt ta em nung nhit cao c hn hp oxit cn nng 1,5g. a. Tnh khi lng Mg v Fe c trong hn hp u. b. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch CuSO4. 18. Cho 3,16 gam hn hp B dng bt gm Mg, Fe tc dng vi 250ml dung dch CuCl2. Khuy u hn hp, lc ra kt ta c dung dch B1 v 3,84 gam cht rn B2. Thm vo B1 mt lng d dung dch NaOH long ri lc, ra kt ta mi c to thnh. Nung kt ta trong khng kh nhit cao, c 1,4 gam cht rn B3 gm 2 oxit kim loi. Tt c cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v gii thch. 2. Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong B v tnh nng mol dung dch CuCl2. 19. Trn hai dung dch AgNO3 0,44M v Pb(NO3)2 0,36 M vi th tch bng nhau c dung dch A. Thm 0,828 gam bt nhm vo 100 ml dung dch A, thu c cht rn B v dung dch C.
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a. Tnh khi lng ca B. b. Cho 20ml dung dch NaOH vo dung dch C thu c 0,936 gam kt ta. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch NaOH. c. Cho cht rn B vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 6,046 gam cht rn D. Tnh % v khi lng cc cht trong D. Vin H m 2001 - HTN 2000 20. Lc m gam bt Fe vi 500ml dung dch A gm AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 17,2 gam cht rn B. Tch B ta c dung dch C. Cho dung dch C tc dng vi NaOH d c 18,4 gam kt ta hai hiroxit kim loi. Nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 16 gam cht rn. a. Xc nh m. b. Tnh nng mol ca cc mui trong A. (CSPHN - 2000) 21. Cho 2,24 gam bt Fe vo 200ml dung dch hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M, khuy u ti phn ng hon ton c cht rn A v dung dch B. a. Tnh s gam cht rn A. b. Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch B. c. Cho dung dch amoniac n d vo dung dch B, khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton c kt ta C. Lc kt ta C ra sch v nung n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Tnh m? d. Ho tan hon ton cht rn A bng dung dch HNO3 c th thu c mt kh mu nu duy nht bay ra. Tnh th tch kh iu kin tiu chun. (HDL Phng ng 2000) 22. C 5,56 gam hn hp A gm Fe v 1 kim loi M (c ho tr khng i). Chia A lm 2 phn bng nhau . Phn 1 ho tan ht trong dung dch HCl c 1,568 lt Ho tan hon ton. Ho tan ht phn 2 trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 1,344 lt kh NO duy nht v khng to ra NH4NO3. 1.Xc nh kim loi M v thnh phn % khi lng mi kim loi trong A.
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2. Cho 2,78 gam A tc dng vi 100ml dung dch B cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 thu c dung dch E v 5,84 gam cht rn D gm 3 kim loi. Cho D tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 0,448 lt Ho tan hon ton. Tnh nng mol cc mui trong B ( cc phn ng xy ra hon ton v th tch cc kh o ktc). (H Nng nghip 1 2001) 23. Cho 12g Mg vo 1 lt dung dch ASO4 v BSO4 c cng nng l 0,1M ( tnh kh Mg>A>B). a. Chng minh A v B kt ta ht. b. Bit rng phn ng cho sn phm cht rn C c khi lng 19,2 gam. Khi cho C tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 long, d cn li 1 kim loi khng ta c khi lng 6,4 gam. Xc nh 2 kim loi A,B. c. Ly 1 lt dung dch ASO4 v BSO4 vi nng mi mui l 0,1M v thm vo m gam Mg. Lc ly dung dch C. Thm NaOH d vo dung dch D thu c kt ta E. Nung E ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 10 gam cht rn F. Tnh gi tr ca M. 24. A l dung dch AgNO3 nng a mol/l. Cho 13,8 g hn hp bt Fe v bt Cu vo 750 ml dung dch A. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dng dch B v 37,2 g cht rn E. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch B thu c kt ta. Ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 12 g hn hp gm 2 oxit ca hai kim loi. 1. Tnh % khi lng hai kim loi trong hn hp ban u. 2. Tnh a ? (Cho cc phn ng xy ra hon ton; Fe + 2Ag+ = Fe2+ + 2Ag). (H Thng mi-99) 25. Cho 2,24 gam bt Fe vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M, khuy u ti phn ng hon ton, thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. a. Tnh s gam cht rn A. b. Tnh nng mol ca cc cht c trong dung dch B.
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c. Cho dung dch amoniac n d vo dung dch B, khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton, c kt ta C. Lc ly kt ta C, ra sch v nung n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Tnh m. d.Ho tan hon ton cht rn A bng dung dch HNO3 () th thu c mt kh mu nu duy nht bay ra. Tnh th tch kh iu kin tiu chun. (HDL Phng ng 2000-tr336) 26. Cho 11,2 gam Fe tc dng vi 500ml dung dch gm hai cht Cu(NO3)2 0,04M v AgNO3 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, lc tch cht rn A v thu c dung dch B. 1. Tnh khi lng ca A. 2. Xc nh nng mol/lt ca dung dch B, bit rng th tch dung dch sau phn ng vn khng thay i. 3. Ho tan cht rn A vo dung dch HNO 3 c ngui thy thot ra mt kh mu nu duy nht. Tnh th tch kh ny iu kin tiu chun. (HDL Duy Tn2001tr307) 27. Cho hn hp bt kim loi Fe v Mg (c s mol bng nhau) vo dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp hai kim loi nng 2,48 gam trong c 1,92 gam Cu. Tnh s mol Fe v Mg dng. (HDLTn c Thng 2001tr309) 28. Cho a gam bt st vo 200ml dung dch X gm hn hp hai mui l AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Phn ng xong, thu c 3,44 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. Tch B ri cho dung dch C tc dng vi NaOH d, thu c 3,68 gam kt ta hai hiroxit kim loi. Nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 3,2 gam cht rn. 1. Xc nh a. 2. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc mui trong dung dch X. (CSPHN20 01-tr267) 29. Mt loi mui Al2(SO4)3 ln cc tp cht FeSO4 , Fe2(SO4)3 v CuSO4. Ho tan 36,708 g mui ny vo nc, chia dung
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dch lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 phn ng va vi 9ml dung dch KMnO4 0,1M khi c mt H2SO4 d. Ngm mt mu st kim loi vo phn 2 n phn ng hon ton, khi lng mu st gim i 0,0396g. Dung dch thu c phn ng va vi 42 ml dung dch KMnO 4 0,1M khi c mt H2SO4 d. 1. Tnh phn trm khi lng tng tp cht trong mu mui trn. 2. Tnh lng NaOH ti thiu ch kt ta ht cc tp cht st v ng di dng hiroxit. (HSPVinh-99) 30. Chia 1,5 gam hn hp bt Fe, Al, Cu thnh 2 phn bng nhau. a. Ly phn 1 ho tan bng dung dch HCl thy cn li 0,2 gam cht rn khng tan v c 448 ml kh bay ra (ktc). Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong mi phn. b. Ly phn th hai cho vo 400ml dung dch hn hp AgNO3 0,08M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. Tnh khi lng cht rn A v nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch B. (H Hng hi 2001) 31. Lc m gam Fe vo dung dch A gm AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 n khi phn ng kt thc thu c x gam cht rn B. Tch B c nc lc C. Cho nc lc C tc dng vi NaOH d thu c a gam kt ta ca hai hiroxit kim loi, nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c b gam cht rn. a. Lp biu thc tnh a, b. b. Tnh m, s mol hai mui ban u bit a = 36 gam, b = 32 gam, x = 34,4gam. 32. Cho hn hp X gm 0,006 mol Ag; 0,054 mol Pb v 0,034 mol Al vo 500ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 18,138 gam cht rn Y. a. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong Y. b. Tnh nng mol dung dch Cu(NO3)2. 33. Cho 3,58 gam hn hp bt X gm Al, Fe, Cu vo 200 ml Cu(NO3)2 0,5M, n khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung
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dch A v cht rn B. Nung B trong khng kh nhit cao n phn ng hon ton c 6,4 gam cht rn. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d, lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 2,62 gam cht rn D. a. Tnh phn trm khi lng cc cht trong hn hp X. b. Ho tan hon ton 3,58 gam hn hp X vo 250 ml dung dch HNO3 a mol/l c dung dch E v kh NO. Dung dch E va tc dng ht vi 0,88 gam bt Cu. Tnh a? 34. Cho 3,61 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe, Zn tc dng vi 200ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton c dung dch A v 5,12 gam cht rn B. Lc b cht rn B, ri cho NaOH d vo phn nc lc thy c kt ta. Lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 3,2 gam cht rn D. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Xc nh khi lng mi kim loi trong X. 35. Cho 9,16 gam hn hp Zn, Cu, Fe vo cc ng 170 ml dung dch CuSO4 1M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B v kt ta C. Ho tan ht C bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 2,8 lt NO (ktc). Thm NaOH d vo dung dch B, lc ly kt ta em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i c 10,4 gam cht rn E. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh s gam mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. 36. Cho 7,16 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe, Cu tc dng vi 400ml Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch A v cht rn B. nung B trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 5,24 gam cht rn D. a. Chng minh rng Cu(NO3)2 dng d. b. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong X. 37. Khuy k dung dch cha 13,6 gam AgNO3 v m gam bt ng ri thm tip vo dung dch H 2SO4 long v un nng cho ti khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c 9,28 gam bt kim loi, dung dch A v kh NO. Lng NaOH cn thit tc dng ht vi cc cht trong A l 13
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gam. Hy xc nh cc cht c trong A v tnh m. (Hc vin KTQS-98) 38. Lc 0,81g bt nhm trong 200ml dung dch cha AgNO3v Cu(NO3)2 mt thi gian, thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. Cho A tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 100,8ml kh hiro (o ktc) v cn li 6,012g hn hp 2 kim loi. Cho B tc dng vi NaOH d, c kt ta, nung n khi lng khng i thu c 1,6g mt oxit. Tnh nng CM (mol/lt) ca AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch u. (HBK-99) 39. A l hn hp Zn, Cu. Ly 25,9 gam vo 400 ml dung dch NaOH cho n khi ngng thot kh, c 5,6 lt H2 (ktc) v thy cn m gam cht rn B. Nung m gam cht rn B trong khng kh cho n khi lng khng i c 1,2487m gam cht rn C. a. Tnh s gam Zn, Cu ban u. b. Tnh nng mol dung dch NaOH. 40. Cho 1,39 gam hn hp A gm Al v Fe dng bt phn ng vi 500ml CuSO4 0,05M. Khuy k cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c 2,16 gam cht rn B gm hai kim loi v dung dch C. 1. Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch HNO3 0,1M ho tan ht cht rn B, bit rng cc phn ng ch gii phng kh NO duy nht. 2. in phn dung dch C (in cc tr) vi cng dng in 1A, thi gian 32 pht 10 giy. Tnh khi lng kim loi thot ra catot v th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot. (Cho bit hiu sut in phn l 100% v th t in phn catot l: Cu2+, Fe2+, H+ ). (H Y Thi Bnh-98) 41. Cho 2,04 gam hn hp A gm Fe v Mg vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 , n khi phn ng kt thc thu c 2,76 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. Cho dung dch C tc dng vi xt d, lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 1,8 gam cht rn D. Cht rn B cho tc dng vi Clo d, sau ly sn phm ho tan trong nc c dung dch E. in phn dung
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dch E vi in cc tr ti khi Ant thu c 504 ml kh ( .k.t.c). 1. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A? 2. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch CuSO4 ? 3. Tnh khi lng kim loi to thnh Catt ? (H Kin trc HN-CPB-98) 42. Cho 4,15 gam hn hp bt Fe v Al tc dng vi 200ml dung dch CuSO4 0,525M. Khuy k hn hp cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. em lc c kt ta A gm hai kim loi c khi lng 7,84 g v dung dch nc lc B. 1. ho tan kt ta ta A cn dng t nht bao nhiu ml HNO3 2M, bit rng phn ng gii phng ra kh NO. 2. Thm dung dch hn hp Ba(OH) 2 0,05M + NaOH 0,1M vo dung dch B. Hi cn thm bao nhiu ml hn hp dung dch kt ta hon ton hai hiroxit ca hai kim loi. Sau nu em lc, ra kt ta, nung n trong khng kh nhit cao ti khi cc hiroxit b nhit phn ht th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn. (HKTQD 2001 tr22-H Hu 2001tr135) 43. Cho 2,78 gam hn hp A gm Al v Fe dng bt vo 500 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 4,32 gam cht rn B gm hai kim loi v dung dch C. 1. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A. 2. Cho 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M vo dung dch C. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, lc kt ta ra sch v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn D . Tnh khi lng ca cht rn D. (H Hng c 2000tr389) 44. Mt dung dch cha 3,2 gam CuSO4 v 6,24 gam CdSO4. Cho thanh km 65 gam vo dung dch. Sau khi phn ng hon tt, tt c kim loi thot ra u bm vo thanh kim loi. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Hi khi lng sau cng ca thanh kim loi bng bao nhiu? (HDL Vn Lang-2001tr254)
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45. Cho m gam bt Al vo 500ml dung dch A cha Ag 2SO4 v CuSO4 mt thi gian, thu c 3,33 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. Chia B lm hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn th nht vo dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 1.512 lt H2 (ktc). Ho tan phn th hai trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu 1,455 gam kh NO duy nht. Thm HCl d vo dung dch C khng thy xut hin kt ta, thu c dung dch D. Nhng mt thanh st vo dung dch D cho n khi dung dch ht mu xanh v lng kh H2 thot ra l 0,448 lt (ktc) th nhc thanh st ra, thy khi lng thanh st gim i 1,072 gam so vi ban u (kim loi gii phng ra bm hon ton trn thanh st). Tnh m v nng ca tng mui trong dung dch A. (HVKTQS-2001tr320) 46. Cho hn hp Y gm 2,8 gam Fe v 0,81 gam Al vo 200 mililt dung dch C cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Khi phn ng kt thc, thu c dung dch D v 8,12 gam cht rn E gm 3 kim loi. Cho cht rn E tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 0,672 lt kh H2 (ktc). Tnh nng mol ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 trong dung dch C. (HY D c TPHCM-99) 47. Cho 3,78 gam bt Al phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl3 to thnh dung dch Y. Khi lng cht tan trong dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch XCl 3. Xc nh cng thc ca mui XCl3. Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi NaOH d, sau sc kh CO2 vo cho n khi phn ng kt thc th thu c m gam cht kt ta. Vit phng trnh cc phn ng v tnh m. (HQG TPHCM-98) 48. C mt dung dch mui clorua kim loi. Cho mt tm Fe nng 10 gam vo 100 ml dung dch trn; phn ng xong khi lng tm kim loi l 10,1 gam. Li b mt tm Caimi Cd 10 gam vo 100 ml dung dch mi mui clorua
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kim loi trn; phn ng xong, khi lng tm kim loi l 9,4 gam. a. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. nh tn clorua kim loi, bit rng nguyn t khi kim loi nh hn 96 vC. c. Nng mol dung dch mui clorua kim loi. (HDLVLang-99) 49. Cho 15,28 gam hn hp A gm Cu v Fe vo 1,1 lt dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,2M. Phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch X v 1,92 gam cht rn B. Cho B vo dung dch H2 SO4 long khng thy c kh bay ra. 1.Tnh khi lng ca Fe v Cu trong 15,28 gam hn hp A. 2. Dung dch X phn ng vi 200ml dung dch KMnO4 trong H2SO4. Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch KMnO4. (H Cn Th-2001) II. Kim loi tc dng vi dung dch axit: 1. X l hn hp Mg v Zn, Y l dung dch H 2SO4 cha r nng . - Th nghim 1: Cho 24,3 gam X vo 2 lt Y c 8,96 lt H2 (ktc). - Th nghim 2: Cho 24,3 gam X vo 3 lt Y c 11,2 lt H2 (ktc). a. Chng t rng trong th nghim 1 th X cha tan ht, cn trong th nghim 2 th X tan ht. b. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch Y v khi lng cc kim loi trong X. (H QG TPHCM 2000) 2. X l mt kim loi cha r ho tr. Y l dung dch HCl cha r nng . - Cho 3,9 gam X phn ng vi 50ml dung dch Y. Sau phn ng c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc). - Cho 3,9 gam X phn ng vi 100ml dung dch Y. Sau phn ng c 1,344 lt H2 (ktc).
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a. Chng minh rng th nghim X cha tan ht, cn th nghim 2 X tan ht. b. Xc nh tn X. c. Tnh nng mol dung dch Y. 3. Cho hn hp X gm Al, Mg phn ng vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Sau phn ng c 13,44 lt H2 (ktc), cht rn Y v dung dch nc lc Z. Ho tan ht bng dung dch HCl c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc). a. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong X. b. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M cn cho vo dung dch nc lc Z xut hin 23,4 gam kt ta. 4. Cho 4,5g hn hp bt A gm 2 kim loi Mg v Al. Chia hn hp thnh 3 phn bng nhau: - Phn mt: Ho tan bng H2SO4 long (d) thy thot ra 1,568 lt kh H2. - Phn hai: Tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt kh NO duy nht v cc cht khc. - Phn ba: Cho vo dung dch CuSO4 d, lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5 M th c cht rn B. 1/ Tnh % theo khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A. 2/ Tnh th tch kh NO. 3/ Tnh khi lng cht rn B. (Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, cc th tch kh o ktc). (H Thu li-98) 5. Cho 3,0 gam hn hp A (gm Al v Mg) ho tan hon ton bng axit H2SO4 long, gii phng 3,36 lt kh H2 iu kin tiu chun v dung dch B. Cho B vo NaOH d, ly kt ta ra sch nung ti khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Cho 1,5 gam A tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4 d, cui cng thu cht rn to thnh cho tc dng vi HNO3 c gii phng V lt kh mu nu ktc. 1.Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2.Tnh thnh phn % (theo khi lng) mi cht trong A. Tnh m v V.
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(H Nng nghip 1-Khi A98) 6. Cho m1 gam hn hp gm Fe, Mg tc dng va vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,5M thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch A. Chia dung dch A lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn I tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu kt ta, nhit phn kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 5,6 gam cht rn. 1. Tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u. 2. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl (V). Phn II nhng thanh Zn vo cho n khi phn ng kt thc, ly thanh km ra thu dung dch B. 1. Tnh khi lng cc mui khan trong dung dch B. 2. Tnh khi lng thanh km kh sau phn ng tng hay gim bao nhiu gam ? (Cho bit kim loi c gii phng ra bm ln thanh km). (C K Ngh TPHCM-98) 7. Cho m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c nng d thu 15,456 lt NO2 bay ra v dung dch Y. Thm nc vo dung dch Y cho n 400ml, ri chia hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1: Cho tc dng NaOH d thu c 13,905 gam kt ta. Tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp X. Phn 2: un nng ui ht HNO3 d ri nhng thanh st vo cho n khi phn ng kt thc. a.Tnh lng Cu bm vo thanh st. b. Tnh nng (mol/lt) ca dung dch sau khi ly thanh st ra, xem th tch dung dch khng i. Th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. (CKNtpHCM2001-tr272) 8. Ho tan hon ton 7,5 g hn hp X cha hai kim loi Al, Mg dng bt nguyn cht vo dung dch HCl va , thu c 7,84 lt kh v dung dch A. 1. Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong X.
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2. Cho lng d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch A. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh lng kt ta to thnh. 3. Ly 3,75 gam hn hp X cho tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4 d. Cho cht rn sinh ra tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 d, thu c kh NO2 duy nht. Xc nh th tch NO2. Cho bit cc kh u o iu kin tiu chun. (HDL Duy Tn 2000 tr343) 9. Cho 5,6 gam bt st sch vo mt cc A cha 100ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 0,5M (d = 1,15 g/ml). Khuy k cho n khi phn ng hon ton. Thm dung dch H 2SO4 20% (d = 1,143 g/ml) vo cc A li thy phn ng xy ra (c bt kh bay ln). Tip tc thm t t axit v khuy k cho n khi phn ng hon ton ch thu c dung dch B v mt kh C duy nht khng mu, d dng ho nu trong khng kh. Li thm t t dung dch NaOH 10% (d=1,115 g/ml) vo cc A cho n khi thy lng kt ta khng thay i na th thu c dung dch D v hn hp kt ta E. Thu ly hn hp kt ta E, ra sch, nung nhit cao cho n khi lng khng i, thu c hn hp cht rn F. a. Kh C l kh g? b. Vit tt c cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra gii thch qu trnh th nghim? c.Tnh nng mol cc ion c trong dung dch D? (Coi s thu phn l khng ng k, khng cn tnh nng cc ion H+ v OH do nc sinh ra). d. Tnh khi lng cht rn F thu c? Cho rng trong qu trnh phn ng c thu c hn hp gm mt kh nu trn v H2. Hi khi kt thc phn ng c H2SO4 tham gia, trong dung dch c cn d ion NO3 hay khng? Ti sao? (HVQHQuc t-2000 tr380) 10. Ho tan hon ton hn hp 3 kim loi Zn, Cu v Ag vo 500 ml dung dch HNO3 a mol/l, thu c 1,344 lt kh A( .k.t.c) ho nu trong khng kh v dung dch B. 1. Ly 1/2 dung dch B cho tc dng vi dung dch NaCl d c 2,1525 gam kt ta v dung dch C. Cho dung
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dch C tc dng vi NaOH n d c kt ta D. Nung D nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 1,8 gam cht rn. Tnh s gam mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. 2. Nu cho m gam bt Cu vo 1/2 dung dch B khuy u cho phn ng hon ton c 0,168 lt kh A( ktc), 1,99 gam cht rn khng tan v dung dch E. Tnh m? Tnh a mol/l? Tnh nng mi loi ion trong dung dch E. Bit th tch dung dch coi nh khng i. (HKtrcHN-99) 11. Ho tan mt hn hp gm 0,01 mol Fe + 0,02 mol Fe2O3 trong dung dch c cha 0,14 mol HCl thu c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4 d c axit ho bng dung dch H2SO4 long thu c kh B. a. Vit phng trnh phn ng dng ion. b. Tnh th tch kh B 25oC v 1 atm. Cho: Tnh oxi ho Fe3+ > H+ ; tnh kh H > Fe2+. (HAnninh97-tr48) 12. A l mt hn hp gm c: Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 . a. Cho dng kh CO d i qua 5,60 gam hn hp A nung nng thu c 4,48 gam st. Mt khc khi ho tan 5,60 gam hn hp A vo dung dch CuSO4 d thu c 5,84 gam cht rn. Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi cht trong hn hp A. b. Ly dung dch HCl 8% (d=1,039 g/ml) ho tan va 5,60 gam hn hp A, ta c mt dung dch, cho dung dch ny tc dng vi lng va dung dch AgNO3 thu c kt ta D. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl dng v khi lng kt ta D. Cho bit: Tnh xi ho ca ion Fe 3+ mnh hn ion H+ v tnh kh ca nguyn t H mnh hn ion Fe2+. Gi thit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. (H Thi Nguyn-99) 13. 1) Cho 16,08 gam hn hp A gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long va thu c V lt kh H2, dung dch X v v cht khng tan. Cng hn hp cho tc
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dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng d thu 7,728 lt SO2 v dung dch Y. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A v tnh th tch kh H2 iu kin tiu chun (V lt)? 2) Nhng thanh kim loi M c ho tr +II vo dung dch X cho n khi phn ng kt thc th khi lng thanh kim loi M tng ln 4,8 gam. Tnh khi lng nguyn t M? Cho bit kim loi thot ra bm trn thanh kim loi M. (Cho bit cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun). (CK Ngh DL-99) 14. Ho tan hn hp X gm 11,2 gam kim loi M v 69,6 gam oxit MxOy ca kim loi trong 2 lt dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch A v 4,48 lt H2 (ktc). Nu cng ho tan hn hp X trong 2 lt dung dch HNO3 th c dung dch B v 6,72 lt kh NO (ktc). Xc nh M, MxOy v nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch A v B ( coi th tch dung dch khng i trong qu trnh phn ng). (HY Dc TPHCM-99) 15. Cho X l hn hp ca 3 cht gm kim loi M, oxit v mui sunfat ca kim loi M. Bit M c ho tr 2 khng i trong cc hp cht. Chia 29,6 gam X thnh 2 phn bng nhau: + Phn 1 em ho tan trong dung dch H2SO4 long, d thu c dung dch A, kh B. Lng kh B ny va kh ht 16 gam CuO. Sau cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch KOH d n khi kt thc phn ng thu c kt ta C. Nung C n khi lng khng i thu c 14 gam cht rn. + Phn 2 cho tc dng vi 200ml dung dch CuSO4 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, tch b cht rn, c cn phn dung dch th thu c 46 gam mui khan. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Xc nh kim loi M. 3. Tnh phn trm khi lng cc cht trong X.
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Cho Be =9; Mg =24; Ca =40; Ba =137; O =16; S =32; Cu=64; H=1; K=39. (HSPQuy Nhn-99) 16. Mt hn hp A gm 3 kim loi dng bt l Al, Mg v Ag. Cho m gam A tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch H 2SO4 long (va ) thu c 2,128 lt kh B, dung dch C v phn khng tan D. Ly phn khng tan D tc dng ht vi HNO 3 c nng, thu c 0,224 lt kh mu nu bay ra. Cho dung dch C tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch NaOH 0,2M thu c kt ta, ly kt ta ra sch ri nung n khi lng khng i thu c 2 gam cht rn. Cho bit cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. a. Tnh phn trm khi lng cc kim loi trong hn hp A. b. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch H2SO4 dng. c. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH cn thit tc dng vi dung dch C cho kt ta ln nht. (H Duy Tn-98) 17. C 5,32 g hn hp bt Al, Fe, Cu. Chia hn hp ra lm hai phn bng nhau: Phn 1 cho vo 60 g dung dch HCl 7,3%, thu c dung dch A, cht rn B v 1,008 lt H2 (ktc). Ly cht rn B cho vo dung dch HNO3 c d, thu c 0,696 lt NO2 (ktc). Phn 2 cho vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,15M. Thu c V lt kh H2 27,3OC v 745 mmHg. 1. Hy xc nh khi lng ca tng kim loi trong hn hp ban u. 2. Tnh nng phn trm ca cc cht tan trong dung dch A. 3. Tnh V. Cho cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. (H SP Quy Nhn-98) 18. Khi cho 17,40 gam hp kim Y gm st, ng, nhm phn ng ht vi H2SO4 long, d ta c dung dch A; 6,40 gam cht rn; 9,856 lt kh B 27,3OC v 1 at. a. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hp kim Y. b. Hy tnh nng cc cht trong dung dch A, bit rng H2SO4 dng c nng 2M v c ly d 10% so
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vi lng cn thit phn ng (th tch dung dch khng thay i trong th nghim). (HKTQD-99) 19. Cho 1,92 gam hn hp gm Cu, Zn v Mg tc dng vi axit HCl va . Phn ng sinh ra 0,03 mol mt cht kh v mt dung dch A. Cho vo dung dch A mt lng NaOH n d th thu c mt kt ta. Sau khi lc, ra v nung nhit cao th thu c 0,8 gam mt cht rn tan mnh trong nc. Hy xc nh khi lng v thnh phn % ca hn hp. (CKTKTCNI-99) 20. Cho hn hp A gm Al, Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, ta thu c 7,84 lt H2 (o ktc., dung dch B v cht khng tan C. Nung C trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, ta thu c 8 gam cht rn D. Cho dung dch B vo dung dch KOH d, ta thu c kt ta E. Nung E trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, ta thu c 16 gam cht rn G. Tnh khi lng tng kim loi trong hn hp A. (H Lt-99) 21. C hn hp gm 3 kim loi vn nguyn cht l ng, magie, nhm c khi lng 1 gam. Cho hn hp tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. - em un nng A trong khng kh cho n khi phn ng hon ton, sn phm thu c c khi lng 0,795 gam. - Thm dung dch NaOH vo dung dch B cho n d, lc ly kt ta, ra sch, em nung nhit cao, sn phm thu c c khi lng 0,403 gam. 1. Hy vit tt c cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc th nghim trn? 2. Tnh thnh phn phn trm s mol ca tng kim loi c trong hn hp u. Bit cc phn ng xy ra vi hiu sut 100%. Kim loi ng c ho tri 2 trong cc hp cht. (Cho:Cu= 63,5, Mg = 24,3; Al = 27; O = 16) (H Thu sn-99)
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22. Mt hn hp X gm c Al v Cu c tng khi lng l 2,44 gam. Cho hn hp ny vo dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (iu kin tiu chun). a. Tnh khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp X ban u. b. Nu cho 2,44 gam hn hp X phn ng vi HNO 3 c, ngui, d th thu c bao nhiu lt kh NO2 iu kin tiu chun. (H M BC HCM-99) 23. Cho a gam hn hp A gm Al, Fe, Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, d thu c 952 ml H2. Mt khc cho 2a gam hn hp A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thy cn li 3,52 gam kim loi khng tan. Cho 3a gam hn hp A tc dng vi 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1,3 M thy gii phng V ml kh NO duy nht v c dung dch D. Lng axit HNO3 d trong dung dch D ho tan va ht 1 gam CaCO 3. Tnh s gam ca mi kim loi trong a gam hn hp A v tnh V. Bit cc th tch o iu kin tiu chun. (H Cng on-99) 24. Cho 9,86 gam hn hp gm Mg v Zn vo mt cc cha 430 ml dung dch H2SO4 1 M (long). Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thm tip vo cc 1,2 lt dung dch hn hp gm Ba(OH)2 0,05M v NaOH 0,7M, khuy u cho phn ng hon ton, ri lc ly kt ta v nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 26,08 gam cht rn. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra (i vi cc phn ng xy ra trong dung dch cn vit di dng phng trnh ion thu gn). 2. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. (HQGHN 2001) 25. Cho 7,02 gam hn hp bt kim loi gm Al, Fe, Cu vo bnh A cha dung dch HCl d, cn li cht rn B. Lng kh thot ra c dn qua mt ng cha CuO nung nng, thy lm gim khi lng ca ng i 2,72 gam. Thm vo bnh A lng d mt mui natri, un nng nh, thu c 0,896 lt (ktc) mt cht kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh.
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1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra dng y v dng ion thu gn. Xc nh mui natri dng. 2. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. 3. Tnh lng mui natri ti thiu ho tan ht cht rn B trong bnh A. (H Vinh-2001tr82) 26. Ho tan 3,28 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe trong 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M c dung dch Y. Thm 200 gam dung dch NaOH 12% vo dung dch Y, phn ng xong em thu ly kt ta, lm kh ri em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i th c 1,6 gam cht rn (cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton). Hy tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi kim loi c trong 3,28 gam hn hp X. (H Thu li-2000) 27. Cho 20, 4 gam hn hp X (Fe, Zn, Al ) tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 10,08 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc 0,2 mol X tc dng va vi 6,16 lt Cl2 (ktc). Xc nh khi lng mi kim loi trong 20,4 gam hn hp X. (TTTCB Yt-HCM 2001) 28. Ho tan 15,5 gam hn hp A gm bt Al, Mg, Fe vo 1 lt dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c 8,96 lt kh NO (duy nht) iu kin tiu chun. Mt khc, nu ho tan 0,05 mol hn hp A bng dung dch H2SO4 long, d thu c dung dch C. Thm mt lng d NaOH vo dung dch C thu c kt ta D. Lc ly kt ta D nung nng trong khng kh nhit cao n khi c khi lng khng i thu c 2 gam cht rn E. Tnh khi lng ca cc kim loi trong 15,5 gam hn hp ban u. (CGTVT-2000) 29. Ho tan va mt lng hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit MO (M c ho tr khng i v MO khng phi oxit lng tnh) trong 750 ml dung dch HNO3 0,2 M c dung dch A v kh NO. Cho A tc dng va vi 240 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M thu c kt ta. Nung kt ta n khi lng khng i c 2,4 gam cht rn. Tm M, tnh khi lng
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mi cht trong hn hp u v th tch kh NO sinh ra 27,3OC v 1 atm. (H An ninh-98) 30. 1. Ho tan m gam hn hp A gm Fe v kim loi M (c ho tr khng i) trong dung dch HCl d th thu c 1,008 lt ( ktc. v dung dch cha 4,575 gam mui khan. Tnh m. 2. Ho tan ht cng lng hn hp A ( phn 1) trong dung dch cha hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 nhit thch hp th thu c 1,8816 lt hn hp 2 kh ( ktc. c t khi hi so vi kh H2 l 25,25. Xc nh kim loi M. (HYDctpHCM-2001tr188) 31. Cho 3,87 gam hn hp R gm hai kim loi M (ho tr 2) v M (ho tr 3) vo 250 ml dung dch cha axit HCl 1M v axit H2SO4 0,5M thu c dung dch B v 4,368 lt kh H2 o 0OC, 1 atm. 1. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh. 2. Xc nh tn ca M v M . Bit rng t s mol ca hai ion M2+ v M 3+ trong dung dch l 2 : 3. M v M l hai trong s cc kim loi c khi lng nguyn t cho cui . 3. Tnh th tch dung dch gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M ti thiu cn dng tc dng vi dung dch B sao cho khi lng kt ta thu c l b nht. Tnh khi lng kt ta . 4. Cho M tc dng vi axit HNO3 long ngi ta thu c hn hp hai kh NO v N2O. Hy vit v cn bng cc phn ng oxi ho kh v cho bit cht no l cht oxi ho, cht kh v cht to mi trng. Cho: H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S =32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Cr = 52; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn =65; Ba= 137. (HQG TPHCM-t 2-98) 32. Mt hn hp X gm mt kim loi M (c hai ho tr 2 v 3) v MxOy . Khi lng ca X l 80,8 gam. Ho tan ht X bi dung dch HCl thu c 4,48 lt H2 (iu kin tiu chun) cn nu ho tan ht X bi dung dch HNO3 thu c 6,72 lt
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kh NO (iu kin tiu chun). Bit rng trong X c mt cht c s mol gp 1,5 ln s mol cht kia. Xc nh M v MxOy. (H QG TPHCM-t 3-98) 33. Cho 11,0 gam hn hp A gm Al v mt kim loi M ( trng thi ho tr 2) ho tan ht trong 500 ml dung dch HCl 2M th thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Cng 11,0 gam hn hp A khi cho phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d th gii phng ra 6,73 lt kh H2 (ktc) v cn mt phn khng tan. 1. Xc nh tn kim loi M v % khi lng mi kim loi trong A. 2. Trn dung dch X vi 500 ml dung dch NaOH 2,2M ri un nng ngoi khng kh c kt ta, lc thu ly kt ta em nung nng nhit cao n khi lng khng i c cht rn B. Hy xc nh khi lng cht rn B. (H Thu li-CPB-C s 2-98) 34. Cho 7,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe v kim loi M c ho tr khng i. Chia hn hp thnh hai phn bng nhau: -Ho tan ht phn 1 trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,128 lt kh H2 iu kin tiu chun. -Ho tan ht phn 2 trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 1,792 lt kh NO duy nht iu kin tiu chun. 1) Xc nh kim loi M. 2) Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp X. Cho : Fe = 56 . (C SP Ph Th-98) 35. a. Ho tan ht 12 gam hn hp A gm Fe v kim loi R (ho tr 2 khng i) vo 200 ml dung dnh HCl 3,5M thu c 6,72 lt kh ( .k.t.c.) v dung dch B. Mt khc nu cho 3,6 gam kim loi R ho tan ht vo 400 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M th H2SO4 cn d. Xc nh: Kim loi R v thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Fe, R trong hn hp A. b.Cho ton b dung dch B trn tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 4M th thu c kt ta C v dung dch D.
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Nung kt ta C ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i c cht rn E. Tnh: Khi lng cht rn E, nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch D. Bit: Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, th tch dung dch thu c sau phn ng bng tng th tch hai dung dch ban u, th tch cht rn khng ng k. Cho Be=9, Ca=40, Fe=56 , Mg=24 , Na =23. (HGVT-98) 36. Cho 1,52 gam hn hp st v mt kim loi A thuc nhm II ho tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl d thy to ra 0,672 lt kh (o ktc.. Mt khc 0,95 gam kim loi A ni trn khng kh ht 2 gam CuO nhit cao. 1. Xc nh kim loi A. 2. Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. Cho Mg = 24; Ca = 40; Zn = 65; Sr = 87,62 ; Ba = 137. (HNN1-98) 37. Ho tan hon ton 0,5 gam mt hn hp gm Fe v kim loi B thuc nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II) bng mt lng d dung dch HCl thu c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc). Xc nh kim loi B. C th xc nh v tr ca B trong bng h thng tun hon hay khng? Vit cu hnh electron ca n. (HDLP-ng-99) 38. Chia hn hp hai kim loi ho tr hai v ho tr ba thnh 3 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi 1 lt dung dch HCl 2M thu c dung dch A v 17,92 lt H2 iu kin tiu chun. Phn 2 cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 13,44 lt H2 iu kin tiu chun v cn li 30,76% kim loi ho tr 2 khng tan. Oxi ho hon ton phn 3 thu c 28,4 gam hn hp oxit. 1. Tnh khi lng hai kim loi ly ban u v xc nh tn hai kim loi. 2. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 4,6% ( d = 1,05 g/ml) cn cho vo dung dch A thu c lng kt ta ln nht. (HMC-98)
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39. Hn hp kim loi M ho tr 2 v M ho tr 3, c ho tr khng i, c chia thnh 3 phn bng nhau. -Phn 1 ho tan ht vo vo dung dch HCl d thu c 1,792 lt H2. -Phn 2 cho tc dng ht vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 1,344 lt H2 v mui NaM O2, trong phn khi lng kim 4 loi khng tan c khi lng phn khi lng M tan. 9 -Phn 3 c t chy ht trong oxi d thu c 2,840 gam oxit. 1. Xc nh kim loi M v M . 2. Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng kim loi trong hn hp u. Cc kh u c o iu kin tiu chun. (CKimst-2000tr395-H Nng-2001tr280) 40. Ly 14,4 gam gam hn hp Y gm bt Fe v FexOy ho tan ht trong dung dch HCl 2M c 2,24 lt kh 273OC, 1 atm. Cho dung dch thu c tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d. Lc ly kt ta, lm kh v nung n khi lng khng i c 16 gam cht rn. a. Tnh % khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp Y. b. Xc nh cng thc ca st oxit. c. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl ti thiu cn ly ho tan. (HY dc tpHCM-2000tr165) 41. Cho a gam hn hp bt Zn v Cu (Zn chim 90% v khi lng) tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c kh H2. Lng kh H2 ny va phn ng hon ton vi b gam mt oxit st t trong mt ng s nung . Hi nc thot ra t ng s cho hp th hon ton vo 150 gam dung dch H2SO4 98% thu c dung dch H2SO4 c nng nh hn nng ca axit ban u l 14,95% (dung dch C). phn ng hon ton vi 5,65% khi lng cht rn sn phm c trong ng s cn dng 20 gam dung dch C un nng, c SO2 thot ra. 1. Tnh a v b.
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2. Dng 150g dung dch C c th ho tan ht b gam oxit st khng? (HAn ninh-99) 42. Ho tan m gam hn hp magie v nhm trong H2SO4 c, nng. Thm NaOH d vo dung dch to thnh th c dung dch A v kt ta B. Cho NH4Cl d vo dung dch A v un nng th c kt ta C sau khi lm kh ri nung n khi lng khng i c cht rn c khi lng 1,250 gam. Nung kt ta B c cht rn c khi lng 1,750 gam. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Tnh m. (H Thng Long - 99) 43. Cho p gam hn hp Al, Fe, Cu vo 200 gam dung dch HNO3 63%. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, c dung dch A v bay ra 7,168 lt kh NO2 27,3OC; 1,1 atm. Chia A lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch NH3, thu c 3,41 gam kt ta. Phn 2 cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, sau khi phn ng ly kt ta em nung ti khi lng khng i, c 2,4 gam cht rn. 1. Xc nh khi lng p, tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u. 2. Tnh nng phn trm cc cht trong dung dch A. 3. Cho ton b kh NO2 trn vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 5M c dung dch B. Tnh CM cc cht trong B (bit NO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim to ra hn hp mui nitrat v nitrit, th tch dung dch khng i). (Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton). (HVQunY-99)
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III. Kim loi tc dng vi nc, dung dch kim. 1-Cho m gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Cu vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,2M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch A v 1,344 lt kh o iu kin 0OC v p sut 2 atm. Cho tip 100 ml dung dch HCl 4M vo dung dch A. Phn ng kt thc, c dung dch B v cht rn C gm hai kim loi c khi lng 2,08 gam. Nu cho cht rn C tc dng vi HNO3 long d th c 0,672 lt NO ( ktc). 1/ Vit phng trnh cc phn ng ho hc xy ra. 2/ Xc nh s mol cc kim loi trong C v gi tr m. (HNNI-99) 2-Hn hp Y gm 3 kim loi Na, Al, Fe c nghin nh, trn u. Chia Y thnh 3 phn bng nhau: - Ho tan phn mt trong 0,5 lt dung dch HCl 1,2M sinh ra 5,04 lt kh v dung dch A. - Ho tan hon ton phn hai bng dung dch NaOH (d) sinh ra 3,92 lt kh. - Cn phn ba cho tc dng vi H2O (d) sinh ra 2,24 lt kh. 1/ Tnh s gam mi kim loi trong hn hp Y. 2/ Cho dung dch A tc dng vi 300ml dung dch KOH 2M. Thu ly kt ta, ra sch ri nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i th c a gam cht rn. Tnh khi lng a. (Cc th tch trong bi u o iu kin tiu chun). (H Th li-99) 3-Ho tan 2,16 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Na, Al, Fe vo nc d, thu c 0,448 lt kh ( ktc. v cn li mt lng cht rn. Cho lng cht rn ny tc dng ht vi 60ml dung dch CuSO4 1M thu c 3,2 gam Cu kim loi v dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NH3 thu c kt ta. Nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c cht rn B. 1. Xc nh khi lng tng kim loi trong hn hp ban u. 2. Tnh khi lng cht rn B. (HY Hi Phng-99)
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4-Ho tan 2,16 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Na, Al, Fe vo nc (ly d), thu c 0,448 lt kh (ktc) v mt lng cht rn. Tch lng cht rn ny cho tc dng ht vi 60 ml dung dch CuSO4 1M thu c 3,2 gam ng kim loiv dung dch A. Tch dung dch A cho tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH thu c kt ta ln nht. Nung kt ta thu c trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c cht rn B. 1. Xc nh khi lng tng kim loi trong hn hp ban u. 2. Tnh khi lng cht rn B. (HHu-2000tr315) 5-C hn hp A cha cc cht Al , Mg , Al 2O3 . Ly 20,1 gam hn hp A cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, sau khi phn ng xong thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc nu ho tan ht 20,1 gam hn hp A vo V ml dung dch HCl 1M th thu c 15,68 lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch B. Cn phi dng ht 299 ml dung dch KOH 1M mi trung ho ht lng axit cn d trong dung dch B. 1. Tm s gam mi cht c trong hn hp A ? 2. Tnh V ? (H Lm nghip-99) 6-Hn hp X dng bt gm c Al, Fe v Cu. Cho 2,55 gam X phn ng vi NaOH d, thu c 1,68 lt (ktc) kh A, dung dch B v cht rn C. Cho C tc dng vi HCl d sinh ra 0,224 lt (ktc) cht kh D, dung dch E v cht rn F. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc kim loi trong X. 2. Tnh s ml HCl 6.80 M c ly d 10% so vi lng HCl cn thit phn ng ht vi 1,28 gamX. 3. Ho tan cht rn F trong H2SO4 c, nng sinh ra cht kh lm mt mu 200 ml dung dch brom. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch brom. 4. Cho 1 gam X phn ng vi HNO3 long, nng ly d sinh ra kh duy nht NO. Tnh th tch kh thu c 27OC, p = 740 mmHg. Hiu sut cc phn ng u t 100%.(HYHi Phng 2001-tr114)
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7-Cho 2,6 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe, Cu tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 1,344 lt H2 (ktc), dung dch B v cht rn A khng tan. Ho tan cht rn A trong 300ml dung dch HNO3 0,4M (axit d), thu c 0,56 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch E. Bit rng cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp X. 2. Nu cho dung dch E tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d th thu c ti a bao nhiu gam kt ta. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 3. Nu cho dung dch E tc dng vi bt Fe c d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c kh NO duy nht, dung dch Y v mt lng cht rn khng tan. Lc b cht rn ri c cn dung dch Y th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (H Y H Ni-2000) 8-Hn hp A gm cc kim loi Mg, Al, Fe. a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm ca cc kim loi trong hn hp, bit rng 14,70 gam hn hp A khi tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, sinh ra 3,360 lt kh, cn khi tc dng vi dung dch HCl d sinh ra 10,080 lt kh v dung dch B. b. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, kt ta to thnh c ra sch v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i. Tnh khi lng ca cht rn thu c sau khi nung. c. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4 d, sau khi phn ng kt thc, lc ly cht rn, em ho tan ht cht rn bng dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 26,880 lt kh NO.Tnh khi lng hn hp A. (Cc th tch o iu kin tiu chun). (HSP Vinh 2000tr134) 9-Cho m gam hn hp A gm Al, Mg, Cu. Ho tan m gam A trong dung dch NaOH d, thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc) v phn khng tan B. Ho tan ht B trong dung dch H2SO4 (c nng) thu c 2,24 lt SO2 (ktc) v dung dch C. Cho dung dch C phn ng vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta D. Nung kt ta D n khi lng khng i, thu c cht
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rn E. Cho E phn ng vi mt lng d H2 (nung nng) thu c 5,44 gam cht rn F. Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng cc cht trong A. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. (HYThi Bnh 2001-tr122) 10-Cho 20 gam hn hp A gm FeCO3, Fe, Cu, Al tc dng vi 60ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c 2,688 lt kh hiro. Sau khi kt thc phn ng cho tip 740 ml dung dch HCl 1M v un nng n khi hn hp kh B ngng thot ra. Lc v tch cn rn C. Cho B hp th t t vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th thu c 10 gam kt ta. Cho C tc dng ht vi HNO3 c, nng thu c dung dch D v 1,12 lt mt cht kh duy nht. Cho D tc dng vi NaOH d thu c kt ta E. Nung E n khi lng khng i nhn c m gam sn phm rn. Tnh khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp A v tnh gi tr m. (Bit cc th tch kh u o ktc). (HXD-2001-tr179) 11- Hp kim ca Ba, Mg, Al c dng nhiu trong k thut chn khng. - Ly m gam A (A l hn hp cc kim loi Ba, Mg, Al dng bt) cho vo nc ti khi ht phn ng thot ra 0,896 lt H2 ( ktc). - Ly m gam A (dng bt) cho vo dung dch xt (d) ti ht phn ng thy thot ra 6,944 lt H2 ( ktc). - Ly m gam A ho tan bng mt lng va dung dch HCl ta thu c dung dch B v 9,184 lt H2 ( ktc). 1. Tnh m v % khi lng ca cc kim loi trong hp kim A. 2. Thm 10 gam dung dch H2SO4 9,8% vo dung dch B, sau thm tip 210 gam dung dch NaOH 20%. Sau khi kt thc tt c cc phn ng, ly kt ta thu c em nung nhit cao (hiu sut nung l 100%). Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c.
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12- Hn hp E gm 3 kim loi dng bt l K, Al v Fe c chia thnh 3 phn u nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi H2O ly d gii phng ra 4,48 lt kh. Phn 2 cho tc dng vi dung dch KOH ly d gii phng ra 7,84 lt kh. Phn 3 ha tan hon ton trong 0,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 1,2M gii phng ra 10,08 lt kh v to ra dung dch A. 1. Tnh s gam mi kim loi trong hn hp E. 2. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi 240g dung dch NaOH 20% thu c kt ta, lc, ra ri nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Tnh m? 13-Hn hp X gm Al v Fe3O4. Cho hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH ly d, phn ng kt thc thu c 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). ho tan mt lng hn hp X nh trn cn dng 700 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Tnh khi lng hn hp X. Tnh khi lng than ch, c cha 80% cacbon nguyn cht b tiu hao trong qu trnh sn xut Al bng phng php in phn Al2O3 nng chy. Bit cacbon chy to ra 22,4 m3 hn hp kh CO2 v CO c phn t khi trung bnh bng 31,2. (C Ti chnh KT-98) 14-Nung 28,33 g hn hp bt A gm Al, Fe2O3, CuO, sau mt thi gian c hn hp rn B gm c Cu, Fe, Al 2O3 v cc cht ban u cn d. Cho B tc dng va ht vi 0,19 mol NaOH trong dung dch, thu c 2,016 l kh H2 v cn li hn hp rn Q. Cho Q tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4 d, thy khi lng cht rn sau phn ng tng 0,24 g (so vi khi lng ca Q) v c hn hp rn D. Ho tan ht D bng 760 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, va , thu c V lt kh NO. 1) Tnh s gam mi cht trong hn hp A v B. 2) Tnh V lt kh NO. Bit th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. (Vin H M H Ni -99) 15- Cho 4,6 gam hn hp gm Rb v mt kim loi kim M tc dng vi nc th thu c mt dung dch kim.
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trung ho hon ton dung dch kim ny ngi ta phi dng ht 800ml dung dch HCl 0,25M. a. Xc nh xem kim loi M l kim loi no? b. Tnh thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. c. Tnh th tch kh thot ra trong phn ng khi hn hp tc dng vi nc 0oC v 2 atm. Cho Li=7; Na=23; K=39; Rb=85; H =1; O=16; C =12. (HThsn-99) 16-Mt hn hp nng 2,15 gam gm mt kim loi kim A v mt kim loi kim th B tan ht trong nc cho ra 0,448 lt kh H2 ( ktc) v dung dch C. a. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,1M cn trung ho va mt na dung dch C. b. Bit rng nu thm H2SO4 d vo mt na dung dch C cn li th thu c kt ta nng 1,165 gam. Xc nh hai kim loi A v B (ch dng nhng kim loi cho cui ). (Li = 7; Na = 23; K = 39; Mg = 24; Ca = 40; Ba = 137) (H Cn Th-2000) 17-Cho 3,25 gam hn hp X gm mt kim loi kim M v mt kim loi M (ho tr II) tan hon ton vo nc to thnh dung dch D v 1108,8ml kh thot ra o 27,3OC v 1 atm. Chia dung dch D lm 2 phn bng nhau: -Phn 1 em c cn thu c 2,03 gam cht rn A. -Phn 2 cho tc dng vi 100ml dung dch HCl 0,35M to ra kt ta B. 1. Tm khi lng nguyn t ca M v M . Tnh s gam mi kim loi trong hn hp X ban u. 2. Tnh khi lng kt ta B. Bit hiu sut phn ng t 100%. (HSPtpHCM-2001tr75) IV. Tc dng ca CO vi cc oxit kim loi: 1. 1) A l oxit ca kim loi M ( ho tr n) c cha 30% oxi theo khi lng. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. 2) Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam oxit A ( 1) nhit cao mt thi gian, ngi ta thu c
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6,72 gam hn hp gm 4 cht rn khc nhau. em ho tan hon ton hn hp ny vo dung dch HNO3 d to thnh 0,448 lt kh B duy nht c t khi hi so vi H2 l 15. Tnh gi tr m. 3) Cho bnh kn c dung tch khng i l 3 lt cha 498,92 ml H2O (dH2O =1 g/ml), phn kh (ktc) trong bnh kn cha 20% oxi theo th tch, cn li l N2. Bm ht kh B vo bnh, lc k n phn ng hon ton c dung dch C. Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch C (gi s nc bay hi khng ng k). (H Y Thi Bnh-2000) 2. Mt oxit kim loi c cng thc l MxOy trong M chim 72,41% khi lng. Kh hon ton oxit ny bng kh CO thu c 16,8 gam kim loi M. Ho tan hon ton lng M bng HNO3 c nng thu c mui ca M c ho tr 3 v 0,9 mol kh NO2. Vit phng cc trnh phn ng v xc nh tn oxit kim loi. (HQGTPHCM-99) 3. -Bit X l mt oxit kim loi. xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, ngi ta lm 2 th nghim sau: Th nghim 1: Kh hon ton 1,6 gam X th cn 672 ml hiro (ktc). Th nghim 2: Ly lng kim loi th nghim 1 ho tan trong dung dch axit clohiric d th thu c 448 ml hiro (ktc). Hy gii thch hin tng trn v xc nh cng thc ca X. (HSPHN2-99) 4. A l oxit ca mt kim loi ho tr m (trong s cc kim loi cho di). Ho tan hon ton 1,08 gam A trong HNO 3 2M (long) thu c 0,112 lt kh NO (ktc) v dung dch D. a/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. b/ Cho 1,08 gam A vo ng s, nung nng ri dn kh CO i qua n d. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c cht rn B. Nu ho tan B trong dung dch H2SO4 long, d th dung dch sau phn ng c th lm mt mu dung
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dch KMnO4 khng ? Nu c th c th lm mt mu bao nhiu ml KMnO4 0,1M. (HYHN-99) 5. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s nung nng ng 16 gam st oxit nguyn cht. Khi phn ng thc hin hon ton v kt thc, thy khi lng ng gim 4,8 gam. Cho bit cng thc st oxit dng. (HDuyTn-99) 6. ho tan 4 gam FexOy cn 52,14 ml dung dch HCl 10% (D = 1,05 g/ml). Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca st oxit. (H Thli-99) 7. Cho V lt kh CO qua ng s ng 5,8 gam oxit st FexOy nng mt thi gian th thu c hn hp kh A v cht rn B. Cho B tc dng ht vi axit HNO3 long thu c dung dch C v 0,784 lt kh NO. C cn dung dch C th c 18,15 gam mt mui st (III) khan. Nu ho tan hon ton B bng axit HCl th thy thot ra 0,672 lt kh. 1. Xc nh cng thc ca st oxit v tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc cht trong B. 2. Tnh V v thnh phn % theo th tch ca cc kh trong hn hp kh A. Bit t khi hi ca hn hp kh A so vi hiro bng 17,2. (Th tch cc kh u o iu kin tiu chun). (H Y Dc tpHCM-98) 8. Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s nung nng ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe2O3 . Sau khi kt thc th nghim ta thu c cht rn B gm 4 cht cn nng 4,784 gam. Kh i ra khi ng s cho hp th vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d th thu c 9,062 gam kt ta. Mt khc, ho tan cht rn B bng dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 0,6272 lt kh H2 (ktc). 1. Tnh % khi lng cc oxit trong A. 2. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong B. Bit rng trong B s mol oxit st t bng 1/3 tng s mol ca st (II) oxit v st (III) oxit. (HThuliMN-99-tr362)
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Dy th in ho ca kim loi 1. Hy nu nhng iu kin cho mt kim loi A c th y mt kim loi B ra khi dung dch mui ca B?. Ly v d minh ho. (HKT-pha nam-1990-tr-53) 2. a. Phn ng oxi ho kh l g? b. Cho phn ng n+ m+ nA + mB nA + mB (1) Hy so snh tnh oxi ho -kh ca cc cp A / A v B / B phn ng (1) xy ra theo chiu thun. (Hc vin QHQuc t-98) 3. a. Hy cho bit chiu phn ng ca cc cp oxi ho kh. b. Cho cc cp oxi ho kh sau: Cu2+/Cu; Al3+/Al; Fe3+/Fe 2+; H+/H; Fe2+/Fe. Hy sp xp cc cp theo th t tng dn kh nng oxi ho ca cc dng oxi ho. Dn ra phng trnh phn ng minh ho s ng n ca th t sp xp. (HYHN 2000-tr146) 4. Hy sp xp cc kim loi Ca, K, Ni, Cu, Fe theo chiu tng tnh kh v cc ion kim loi Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ba2+ theo chiu tng tnh oxi ho. (H Thi Nguyn-2000-tr324-2) 5. Cho dung dch: CuSO4 , Fe2(SO4)3 , MgSO4 , AgNO3 v kim loi Cu, Mg, Ag, Fe. Nhng cp cht no phn ng c vi nhau? Vit phng trnh phn ng. Hy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ho ca cc ion v gim dn tnh kh cc kim loi. (HTCKT-2000-tr99) 6. a. Ion l g? b. Hy sp xp theo chiu gim tnh kh v chiu tng tnh oxi ho ca cc nguyn t v ion trong hai dy sau: Dy 1: Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+ ; Zn, Zn2+ ; Ni, Ni2+; H, H+; Hg, Hg2+; Ag, Ag+. Dy 2: Cl, Cl ; Br, Br ; F, F ; I, I . (HAn ninh-1997-tr48)
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m+ n+
8-Dy th in ho -n mn kim loi in Phn - M in
7. Cho bit cp oxi ho kh u u u u u u u u u u u u u sau: u u u u u u u ur uuuu D y trn: T oxi ha tng d Fe2+ Cr3+ Cu2+ Fe3+ nh n: , , , D y d i: T kh gim d uFeu u u2+u uCuu u u2u nh n: u u uCr u u u u uFe + u uu u u u ur Vit tt c cc phn ng c th xy ra khi cho hai cp mt tc dng vi nhau trong dung dch nc. (HKTQD-CB-98) 8. Cho dy sau y (theo chiu tng tnh oxi ho ca ion): Zn2+/Zn Fe2+/Fe Cu2+/Cu Fe3+/Fe2+ Ag+/Ag Trong cc kim loi trn: a. Kim loi no phn ng c vi (dd. mui Fe(III)? b. Kim loi no c kh nng y c Fe ra khi dung dch mui Fe(III)? c. C th xy ra phn ng khng khi cho AgNO3 tc dng vi (dd) Fe(NO3)2? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. (HNThng- 2000tr65) 9. a. Cho 4 cp xi ho kh sau: Fe2+/Fe; Fe3+/Fe2+; Cu2+/Cu; 2H+/H2. Hy xp th t tnh oxi ho tng dn ca cc cp trn. T cho bit nhng cht no sau y c th phn ng vi nhau: Cu, Fe, dung dch HCl, dd CuSO4, dd FeCl2 , dd FeCl3. (H Y Dc TPHCM-99) 10-Cho dung dch A cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol FeSO4. Xt ba th nghim sau: Th nghim 1: Thm c mol Mg vo dung dch A, sau phn ng trong dung dch c 3 mui. Th nghim 2: Thm 2c mol Mg vo dung dch A, sau phn ng trong dung dch c 2 mui. Th nghim 1: Thm 3c mol Mg vo dung dch A, sau phn ng trong dung dch c 1 mui. a. Tm mi quan h gia c vi a v b trong tng th nghim trn. b. Nu a = 0,2 mol, b = 0,3 mol v s mol Mg l 0,4 mol. Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng. (HQGtpHCM2000-tr41)
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11. Cho bt Cu vo dung dch cha hn hp Fe(NO3)3 v AgNO3. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c phn rn A v dung dch B. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v cho bit A, B gm nhng cht g? Bit rng: Tnh oxi ho: Ag+ > Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Fe2+ Tnh kh: Cu > Fe2+ > Ag. (HSPHN2-2001tr194) 12. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng sau: a. Ca + dd Na2CO3 d. Fe(NO3)2 + dd AgNO3 b. Na + dd AlCl3 e. NaHCO3 + dd FeCl3 c. Zn + dd FeCl3 Cho bit th t th in ho theo trt t sau: Zn2+/Zn < Fe2+/Fe< Fe3+/Fe2+ < Ag+/Ag. (HNTMN-99) n mn kim loi 12- a. n mn ho hc l g? c im v bn cht ca qu trnh n mn ho hc? (HQG TPHCM-t 1-98) b. Cho bit bn cht ca s n mn kim loi. K cc bin php chnh chng n mn kim loi. (HDL ng 98) 14-Nu cc phng php thng dng chng n mn kim loi. Hy gii thch v sao bo v v tu bin ngi ta thng gn thanh km vo v ngoi tu (phn ngm di nc bin). (HAninh-99) 15-a. S n mn kim loi l g? b. Cc iu kin xy ra s n mn in ho. c. Cc phng php chng n mn kim loi. d. Trong phng th nghim khi iu ch hiro bng phn ng gia km v axit sunfuric long, ti sao ngi ta thng cho thm vo hn hp phn ng t git dung dch ng sunfat. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v trnh by c ch ca qu trnh . Kh hiro bay ra khi dung dch lun ln hi nc, lm th no thu c kh hiro kh? (H Kinh t QD-98) 16-a. So snh n mn ho hc v n mn in ho (v iu kin, tc ). b. Trong 2 trng hp sau y, trng hp no v tu c bo v:
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-V tu thp c ni vi thanh Zn. -V tu thp c ni vi thanh Cu. (H Cn Th-98) 17-Khi ho tan Al bng dung dch HCl, nu thm vi git Hg2+ th qu trnh ho tan xy ra nhanh hn, ti sao? Vit phn ng gii thch. (H Nng-99) 18-Cho bit loi n mn kim loi xy ra trong trng hp sau v gii thch: Al tc dng vi dung dch HCl c cha CuCl2 . (HQG tpHCM-98) 19-Hai ng nghim, mi ng cha 2ml dung dch HCl long. Nh vi git dung dch CuSO4 vo ng th nht sau cho vo mi ng mt vin km. So snh tc gii phng bt kh trong hai ng nghim. Gii thch v vit cc phng trnh phn ng ho hc xy ra. (HSPH Ni 2-98) 20-C mt vt bng st trng thic (vt A. v mt vt bng st trng km (vt B. u c vt sy st su ti lp st, t trong khng kh m th vt no r nhanh hn? Gii thch. (HAn ninh-99) in phn-M in 21-Bn cht ca qu trnh in phn l g? Cho th d. Hy cho bit in phn dung dch ca loi mui trung ho no th sau khi in phn ta thu c: a. Dung dch c tnh axit. b. Dung dch c tnh kim. c. Dung dch c tnh trung tnh. Vit phn ng minh ho cho tng trng hp. (HQGHN-98tr4-HVCNBCVT-2001tr260) 22-Vit phng trnh phn ng in phn (in cc tr) dung dch tng cht sau: NaCl (c mng ngn); FeSO4 v HCl n khi nc bt u in phn th ngng li? Cho bit qu tm i mu g trong dung dch cn li sau in phn tng cht?
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Rt ra nguyn tc chung khi in phn dung dch mui (ca nhm kim loi v nhm axit no) nhn c dung dch sau in phn l: Axit, baz. (CSP Hi Phng98) 23-So snh hin tng in phn v phn ng oxi ho kh? Cho v d minh ho? Cho bit khi in phn dung dch nhng loi mui no ta c th thu c axit, baz. Cho v d minh ho. (HYTh Bnh-99) 24-C th phn loi s in phn c xt trong SGK ho hc ph thng theo nhng cn c no? Hy trnh by c th c v d km theo. (Mt s vn chn lc ca ho hc tr-85) 25-So snh s ging nhau v khc nhau gia s in phn v s n mn in ho. (HVCNBCVT-2001tr260) 26-Hy nu nhng im ging nhau v khc nhau v cc qu trnh ho hc khi cho Ni tan trong dung dch H 2SO4 long v khi in phn dung dch H2SO4 long vi dng cc bng Ni (Ni ho tr II). (HKT-pha nam-1990-tr-53) 27-Hy so snh phn ng xy ra trong pin volta vi phn ng xy ra trong bnh in phn (v d in phn NaCl nng chy). 28-Tin hnh in phn (trong nhng iu kin thch hp, dng 2 in cc tr): a. NaOH nng chy, b. dung dch NaOH. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc v phng trnh biu din s in phn ca cc trng hp . (HQG H Ni-98tr4) 29-Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc trng hp sau y: a. in phn CaCl2 nng chy. b. in phn dung dch CaCl2 khi c vch ngn. c. in phn dung dch Ca(OH)2. Cc in cc u l in cc tr. Trong cc trng hp b. v c. pH ca dung dch thay i ra sao trong qu trnh in phn. (H ThngLong99)
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30-Vit phng trnh in phn tng qut cc trng hp sau: -in phn dung dch KCl vi bnh in phn c mng ngn, in cc tr. -in phn dung dch KCl vi bnh in phn khng c mng ngn, in cc tr, nhit thng. -in phn dung dch KCl c ln CuSO4 vi bnh in phn c mng ngn, in cc tr (ch vit 1 phng trnh u tin). - in phn dung dch AgNO3 anot bng Cu. (HQGTPHCMt1-99) 31-Cho hn hp kim loi Ag, Cu, Ni tc dng vi HNO3 va thu c dung dch A v kh NO2 duy nht. in phn dung dch A n khi ht ion kim loi. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (HTCKTHN2001tr56) 32-Vit phng trnh phn ng in phn cc dung dch sau (in cc tr, c mng ngn): a/ Dung dch c/ Dung dch CuCl2 HgCl2 b/ Dung dch KCl d/ Dung dch (CKM-99) Na2SO4 33-Nhng dung dch no sau y c th xy ra s in phn: NaCl, C12H22O11, CuSO4, CH3-CH2-CH2-OH. Nu c, vit s in phn, phng trnh in phn (in cc s dng l in cc tr). (H An Giang-2000-tr384) 34-in phn 200ml dung dch CuSO4 vi cc in cc tr dng in mt chiu I = 9,65A. Khi th tch cc kh thot ra c 2 in cc u bng 1,12 lt (ktc) th ngng in phn. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc v phng trnh biu din s in phn. Tnh khi lng kim loi sinh ra catot v thi gian in phn. (HSPHN2-2000.)
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35-in phn (vi in cc Pt) 200 mililt dung dch Cu(NO3)2 n khi bt u c kh thot ra catt th dng li. yn dung dch cho n khi khi lng ca catt khng i, thy khi lng catt tng 3,2 gam so vi lc cha in phn. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch Cu(NO3)2 trc khi in phn. (HYDtpHCM-1995) 36-in phn 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,3M v HCl 0,4M vi cng dng in 2,68 A trong thi gian t gi. a. Lp hm s m t s ph thuc ca pH vo thi gian in phn t trong khong (0 < t < 1 gi). b. V th hm s trn. Bit: -Hng s Faraday F = 26,8 Ampe.gi. - Th tch dung dch khng i trong qu trnh in phn. - Cc gi tr logarit ca x x 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 lg -0,301 -0,222 -0,155 -0,097 -0,046 0 x (HBK TPHCM-1995) 37-a. Hy nu bn cht ca qu trnh m kim loi chng n mn kim loi. b. m Niken ln 1 tm thp ngi ta tin hnh nh th no? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng cc in cc. (HYHNi-98) 38-1. Cn 2 lt dung dch CuSO4 0,01M c pH = 2 m in. a. Ti sao dung dch cn pH thp nh vy? b. Trong phng th nghim c mui CuSO4.5H2O, nc nguyn cht, H2SO4 98% (D=1,84 g/ml). Hy trnh by cch chun b dung dch trn (b qua cc cht ph). 2. C vt cn m, bn ng, dung dch va c chun b trn v ngun in thch hp. a. Hy trnh by s ca h thng thc hin s m in ny (c v hnh). Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn in cc. b. Tnh thi gian thc hin s m in nu bit I = 0,5A; lp m c din tch 10cm2, b dy 0,17mm; khi lng ring
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ca ng l 8,89 g/cm ; hiu sut ca s in phn ny t 80%. ( thi chn HSGQG nm 1995) 39-Ho tan NiSO4.7H2O vo nc c 500 gam dung dch. in phn ht ion Ni2+ c trong 100 gam dung dch trn cn dng in c cng I = 0,536A trong 4 gi. Tnh khi lng H2O v NiSO4.7H2O dng pha ch 500 gam dung dch trn. (CSP-HCM-2000tr363) 40-in phn 200ml dung dch c cha 12,5 gam tinh th mui ng sunfat ngm nc trong bnh in phn vi cc in cc tr n khi bt u c kh thot ra catt th thy khi lng catt tng 3,2 gam. a. Vit phng trnh biu din phn ng in phn dung dch CuSO4 v tm cng thc ca mui ng sunfat ngm nc. b. Tinh pH ca dung dch sau khi in phn, gi s th tch dung dch khng thay i trong qu trnh in phn. (HVHCQGHCM-2001tr295) 41-Ho tan 50 gam CuSO4.5H2O vo 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,6M c dung dch A. Tin hnh in phn dung dch A vi dng in cng 1,34 ampe trong 4 gi. Tnh khi lng kim loi thot ra catot v th tch kh ( ktc. thot ra anot. Bit hiu sut cc phn ng t 100%. (HDL Phng ng-2000tr337) 42-in phn 250 ml dung dch AgNO3 dng hai in cc tr v dng in mt chiu cng dng in khng i 1 ampe. Kt thc in phn khi catt bt u c bt kh thot ra v ant c V1 lt kh oxi (ktc) thot ra. trung ho dung dch sau khi in phn dng va 60 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Bit hiu sut in phn l 100%. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc v phng trnh biu din s in phn. Tnh thi gian in phn.
3
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b.Tnh th tch oxi thot ra ant (V1) v nng ca dung dch bc nitrat. (HVCNBC VT-98) 43-Vit phng trnh phn ng khi in phn mt dung dch gm HCl, CuCl2 v NaCl (in cc tr, c mng ngn). Hy cho bit pH ca dung dch bin i nh th no trong qu trnh in phn? (H Thng mi-98-HYHN-2001tr104). 44- Vit s v phng trnh phn ng ho hc xy ra khi in phn dung dch hn hp: CuSO4 , NaBr. Trong qu trnh in phn pH ca dung dch thay i th no? Bit nng mol/l ca CuSO4 v NaBr bng nhau. (HGTVT-98) 45-in phn mt dung dch mui MCln vi in cc tr. Khi catot thu c 16 gam kim loi M th anot thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Xc nh kim loi M. (H Y Dc TPHCM-99) 46-in phn (dng in cc tr) dung dch mui sunfat kim loi ho tr 2 vi cng dng 3A. Sau 1930 giy thy khi lng catt tng 1,92 gam. 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra ti mi in cc v phng trnh chung cho qu trnh in phn. 2. Cho bit tn kim loi trong mui sunfat. 3. Hy tnh th tch ca lng kh to thnh ti ant O 25 C v 770 mmHg. 4. Nu kh thu c c ln hi nc, hy gii thiu 3 ho cht c th lm kh kh . (HKTQD-CB99) 47-in phn 2 lt dung dch CuSO4 0,5M vi in cc tr. Sau mt thi gian, ngng in phn v cho i qua dung dch sau in phn mt lung kh A ly d th thu c 72 gam kt ta mu en. Bit rng, khi t kh A trong oxi d th to thnh hi nc v kh B, kh B lm mt mu dung dch nc brom. - Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc kh A,B. -Tnh th tch kh kh thot ra anot (ktc).
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-Tnh th tch dung dch axit HNO 3 60% (D = 1,37 g/ml) cn thit ho tan lng kim loi kt ta trn catot. (HSPHN2-99) 48-Chia 1,6 lt dung dch A cha HCl v Cu(NO 3)2 lm 2 phn bng nhau. 1. Phn 1 em in phn (cc in cc tr) vi cng dng 2,5 ampe, sau thi gian t thu c 3,136 lt kh ( dktc. mt cht kh duy nht ant. Dung dch sau in phn phn ng va vi 550 ml dung dch NaOH 0,8M v thu c 1,96 g kt ta. Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch A v thi gian t. 2. Cho m gam bt st vo phn 2, lc u cho phn ng xy ra hon ton, sau phn ng thu c hn hp kim loi c khi lng bng 0,7m (gam) v V lt kh. Tnh m v V ( ktc.. (HGTVT-99) 49-Ho tan 91,2g FeSO4 vo 200g dung dch HCl 3,285% thu c dung dch A. Chia dung dch A thnh 3 phn bng nhau: Phn 1: Cho thm vo 4,05 g bt nhm, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,672 lt kh (ktc), dung dch B v cht rn C. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, ly kt ta nung nhit cao trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 4g cht rn. Tnh khi lng cht rn C. Phn 2: em in phn vi in cc tr c mng ngn vi cng dng I=1,34 ampe trong 2 gi. Tnh khi lng kim loi thot ra catot v th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot. Bit hiu sut in phn l 100%. (H Nng99) 50-Ho tan 20g K2SO4 vo 150g nc, thu c dung dch A. Tin hnh in phn dung dch A mt thi gian. Sau khi in phn khi lng K2SO4 trong dung dch chim 15% khi lng ca dung dch. Bit lng nc b bay hi l khng ng k. a.Tnh th tch kh thot ra mi in cc o iu kin tiu chun.
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b. Tnh th tch H2S (ktc) cn dng phn ng ht vi kh thot ra anot. (HVCNBCVT 2000-tr375) 51-Khi cho 28 gam hn hp A gm Cu v Ag vo dung dch HNO3 c d th sau khi phn ng kt thc ta thu c dung dch B v 10 lt NO2 (o 0OC v 0,896 atm). a. Tnh thnh phn % ca hn hp A theo khi lng. b. C cn dung dch B ri ly cht rn thu c ho tanvo nc, ta thu c dung dch C. 1 in phn dung dch C vi in cc tr, cng 2 dng in l 1,34 ampe trong thi gian 2,8 gi. Tnh khi lng kim loi sinh ra catot. (H Lt2000tr329) 52-in phn mt dung dch NaCl cho n khi ht mui vi dng in cng 1,61 ampe thy mt ht 60 pht. 1. Tnh khi lng kh Cl2 bay ra, bit bnh in phn c mng ngn, in cc tr. 2. Trn ln dung dch thu c sau in phn vi mt dung dch c cha 0,04 mol H2SO4 ri c cn dung dch. Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c. Cho cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. (HCn Th-99) 53-Mt cht A c cng thc MXOm. Tng s proton trong cc nguyn t to ra phn t A l 78. Trong ion XO m c 32 electron. X l nguyn t chu k 2. Khi in phn dung dch A trong nc, trong 1447,5 giy vi I = 10 ampe (in cc tr), c dung dch B. Cho CuO ly d 25% v khi lng tc dng vi B, lc tch cht rn, thu c dung dch D c cha 22,6 gam mui. a. Tm cng thc cht A. b. Tnh khi lng kim loi M bm vo catot v khi lng CuO dng. c. Tnh khi lng cht A dng trc khi in phn v nng mol/lt ca cc cht c trong dung dch D (cho th tch ca dung dch D l 250 ml). (H Ngoi thng 2000tr77)
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54-Vit cc phng trnh phn ng in phn xy ra ti cc in cc khi in phn (vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp) dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl trong 3 trng hp: b = 2a; b < 2a; b > 2a. ( 14-I.2tr31) 55-Tin hnh in phn (vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp) mt dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO4 v NaCl cho ti khi H2O bt u b in phn c hai in cc th dng li. ant thu c 0,448 lt kh (ktc). Dung dch sau in phn c th ho tan ti a 0,68 gam Al2O3. 1. Tnh khi lng ca m. 2. Tnh khi lng ca catot tng ln trong qu trnh in phn. 3. Tnh khi lng dung dch gim trong qu trnh in phn, gi s nc bay hi khng ng k. ( 19-III tr41)
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9-Nhm v hp cht ca nhm 1-Nhm nguyn cht c phn ng vi nc khng? Ti sao? Nu cho mt mu nhm nguyn cht vo trong mt ng nghim ng nc, sau nh t t dung dch NaOH vo ng nghim th xy ra hin tng g? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. (CSPNgh An-98-HThu sn99) 2-Cn ly hai mnh nhm theo t l khi lng nh th no khi cho mt mnh vo dung dch NaOH v mt mnh vo dung dch HCl th s c nhng th tch kh H2 bng nhau bay ra? Hy tr li m khng cn tnh ton c th. ( thi 70-78 tr320) 3-Gii thch ti sao nhm kim loi bn trong khng kh v nc, nhng rt d b ph hu trong mi trng axit (v d HCl) v mi trng kim (v d NaOH).( CGTVT-99) 4-Cho bt nhm tc dng vi dung dch NaOH un nng c dung dch A1 v kh A2. Thm NH4Cl vo A1, li un nng, thy to thnh kt ta A3 v c kh A4 gii phng ra. Ch ra A1, A2, A3, A4 l g? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng m t cc qu trnh ho hc trn.(HQGHN-98) 5- Hy vit phng trnh phn ng dng ion theo s : (CO2 + H2O) ? A B OH Al dung d A ch dung d B1 ch (H ngoi thng pha Nam 2001) 6-Gia Al v Fe th kim loi no hot ng mnh hn ? Cho 2 v d minh ho. (CGTVT-1999HDLPng-2001tr246) 7-Ho tan Al bng dung dch HNO3 rt long, nng, d khng c kh thot ra. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v dng ion. (CSP Ph Th-1998-H Nng-99) 8-Cho 3 mnh kim loi Al, Fe, Cu vo 3 cc ng dung dch axit nitric c nng khc nhau v thy:
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- Cc c Al: Khng c kh thot ra, nhng nu ly dung dch sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thy c kh mi khai bay ra. - Cc c Fe: C kh khng mu bay ra v ho nu trong khng kh. - Cc c Cu: C kh mu nu bay ra. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (CSPH P98) 9-Khi nh t t dung dch NaOH vo ng nghim cha dung dch nhm sunfat ta thy c kt ta trng, nhng khi nh t t dung dch nhm sunfat vo ng nghim cha dung dch NaOH th kt ta va xut hin bin mt ngay. Gii thch hin tng trn v vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho. ( thi 70-78-tr364) 10-Bng phn ng ho hc chng minh Al2O3 v Al(OH)3 l cc hp cht lng tnh ? (H Thu sn MN-99-HVQun Y-99) 11-Nhm hiroxit tan trong lng d dung dch NaOH to thnh mui aluminat. Ngi ta c th kt ta li Al(OH) 3 t cc dung dch aluminat cha kim d bng 3 cch: a. Thm t t dung dch HCl long vo ng thi khuy u hn hp. b. Cho mt lung kh CO2 i qua dung dch cho n khi bt u d CO2. c. Thm mt lng d mui NH4Cl vo v un nng hn hp. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng di dng ion rt gn biu din cc qu trnh phn ng ho hc ni trn. (HDL ng -99) 12-Vit phng trnh phn ng ho hc xy ra khi cho t dung dch H2SO4 long, kh CO2, dung dch Al2(SO4)3 phn ng n d vi dung dch NaAlO2 ng cc cc khc nhau. (H Hng hi MN-99) 13. Hy cho bit s ging nhau v khc nhau khi cho t t n d: -Dung dch NH3 vo dung dch AlCl3.
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-Dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hy cho bit s ging nhau v khc nhau khi cho t t n d: -Kh CO2 vo dung dch mui NaAlO2. - Dung dch HCl long vo dung dch mui NaAlO2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (H Thi Nguyn98) 14-a. Phn chua l g? Vit cng thc ho hc ca n. Hy gii thch ngn gn v minh ho bng phng trnh phn ng ti sao ngi ta dng phn chua lm trong nc c? (HVCNBCVT-98-H DcHN2001tr97)) 15-Trnh by ngn gn cc giai on ca qu trnh sn xut nhm t qung boxit v vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Cho bit mc ch ca vic s dng criolit (3NaF. AlF3 hoc Na3AlF6)? (H Kin trcHN-98) 16-Hn hp X gm Al2O3 , SiO2 v Fe2O3. Hy trnh by phng php ho hc tch ring tng oxit ra khi hn hp X. (H Y Hi Phng-99-H Thu li-2001tr166) 17-Hon chnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau: a. Al + NaNO3 + KOH (d) NH3 +... b. (NH2)2CO + CaCl2 + H2O ... (HDL ng 2001tr240) 18-a. Nhm v magi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, nng u sinh ra NO, N2O v NH4NO3. Vit phng trnh ion thu gn ca cc phn ng xy ra. b. Khi ho tan hon ton 1,575 gam hn hp A gm bt nhm v magi trong HNO3 th c 60% A phn ng to ra 0,728 lt kh NO (ktc). Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca Mg v Al trong hn hp. (HSPHN2001-tr65) 19-Mt hn hp A gm Ba v Al. Cho m gam A tc dng vi nc d, thu c 1,344 lt kh, dung dch B v mt phn khng tan C.
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Cho 2m gam A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 20,832 lt kh. (Cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton, cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun). a. Tnh khi lng tng kim loi trong m gam A. b. Cho 50 ml dung dch HCl vo dung dch B. Sau khi phn ng xong, thu c 0,78 gam kt ta. Xc nh nng mol/lt ca dung dch HCl. (HBKHN-2001tr3) 20-Mt dung dch A c cha NaOH v 0,3 mol NaAlO2. Cho 1 mol HCl vo A thu c 15,6 gam kt ta. Tnh khi lng NaOH trong dung dch A. (HCn Th-99) 21-1) Mt hn hp gm Al v Fe. Bng phng php ho hc hy tch ri hon ton kim loi Al ra khi hn hp. 2) Mt hn hp gm Al v Fe c khi lng l 2,7 gam. Ngm hn hp ny trong 200 gam dung dch NaOH 10%. a. Chng t Al trong hn hp tan ht. b. Bit rng khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l 200,24 gam. Tnh khi lng Al v Fe trong hn hp ban u. (H Cn Th-2000tr306) 22-Cho 140,4 gam nhm tan hon ton trong dung dch axit nitric thy thot ra hn hp 3 kh l NO, N2 v N2O nNO : nN2 : nN2O = c t l s mol tng ng l: 1 : 2 : 2. Hy tnh th tch hn hp 3 kh ni trn ( ktc. (H Thu li2000tr234) 23. Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm m gam hn hp A gm Al v oxit FexOy thu c hn hp cht rn B. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c dung dch C, phn khng tan D v 0,672 lt kh H2. Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch C n khi th c lng kt ta ln nht ri lc ly kt ta nung n khi lng khng i c 5,1 gam cht rn. Phn khng tan D cho tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng d. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch E cha 1 mui st duy nht v 2,688 lt kh SO2.
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Cc th tch kh o ktc hiu sut cc phn ng t 100%. 1. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca oxit st. 2. Tnh m. (HGTVT 2001) 24. Ho tan hon ton 1 oxit FexOy bng H2SO4 c nng ta thu c 2,24 lt SO2 (ktc), phn dung dch em c cn th thu c 120 gam mui khan. 1. Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st. 2. Trn 10,8 gam bt Al vi 34,8 gam bt FexOy trn ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm. Gi s lc ch xy ra phn ng kh FexOy thnh Fe. Ho tan hon ton hn hp cht rn sau phn ng bng dung dch H 2SO4 th thu c 10,752 lt H2(ktc). a. Tnh hiu sut phn ng nhit nhm . b. Tnh th tch (ktc) ti thiu dung dch H 2SO4 dng. (H Dc H Ni) 25. Nung hn hp bt Al v Fe3O4 trong iu kin khng c khng kh (gi s ch xy ra phn ng Al kh oxit st thnh Fe). Hn hp sau phn ng nu em tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th thu c 6,72 lt H2 (ktc), cn nu cho tc dng vi HCl d s thu c 26,88 lt kh H2 (ktc). Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp u. 26. Cho hn hp A c khi lng m gam gm bt Al v FexOy. Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm hn hp A trong iu kin khng c khng kh c hn hp B. Nghin nh, trn u B ri chia thnh 2 phn. Phn 1 c khi lng 14,49 gam c ho tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 un nng c dung dch C v 3,696 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Cho phn 2 tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH un nng thy gii phng 0,336 lt kh H2 (ktc) v cn li 2,52 gam cht rn, cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
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2. Xc nh cng thc st oxit v tnh m. (Khi B-2002) 27. Nung hn hp gm Al, Fe2O3 nhit cao phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp B. Cho hn hp B tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 2240 ml kh (ktc). Nu cho hn hp B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th cn li mt phn khng tan nng 13,6 gam. 1. Xc nh khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A v B. 2. Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 0,5M cn thit ho tan ht 13,6 gam cht rn C. 28. A v B l hai hn hp u cha Al v FexOy. Sau phn ng nhit nhm mu A thu c 92,35 gam cht rn C. Ho tan C bng dung dch xt d thy c 8,4 lt kh bay ra v cn li 1 phn khng tan D. Ho tan 1/4 lng cht D bng H2SO4 c nng thy tiu tn 60 gam axit H2SO4 98%. Gi s ch to thnh 1 loi mui st. 1. Tnh khi lng Al2O3 to thnh khi nhit nhm mu A. 2. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca st oxit. 3. Tin hnh nhit nhm 26,8 gam mu B, sau khi lm ngui, ho tan hn hp thu c bng dung dch HCl long, d thy bay ra 11,2 lt kh. Tnh khi lng Al v st oxit ca mu B em nhit nhm. Bit hiu sut cc phn ng t 100%, th tch cc kh o ktc. 29. Cho hn hp A dng bt gm bt Al v Fe3O4. Nung A nhit cao phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp B. Nghin nh hn hp B chia thnh 2 phn. Phn t (phn 1) tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 1,176 lt kh H2 (ktc). Tch ring cht khng tan em ho tan trong dung dch HCl thu c 1,008 lt kh (ktc). Phn nhiu (phn 2) cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 6,552 lt kh (ktc). Tnh khi lng hn hp A v thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A. 30. Khi nung hn hp A gm Al, Fe2O3 c hn hp B (hiu sut 100%). Chia hn hp B thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Ho tan ht phn 1 trong H2SO4 long, d thu c 1,12 lt kh
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(ktc). Phn 2 ho tan trong dung dch NaOH d th khi lng cht khng tan cn li l 4,4 gam. Xc nh khi lng cc cht trong A v B. 31. Trn 10,44 gam Fe3O4 v 4,05 gam bt Al ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin khng c khng kh, sau khi phn ng kt thc ly cht rn thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 1,68 lt kh ktc. Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh nhit nhm. 32. Sau phn ng nhit nhm ca hn hp X gm bt Al v FexOy thu c 9,39 gam cht rn Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thy c 336 ml kh bay ra ktc v phn khng tan Z. ho tan 1/3 lng cht Z cn 12,4 ml dung dch HNO3 65,3%(d=1,4) v thy c kh nu bay ra. a. Xc nh cng thc ca FexOy. b. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca bt Al trong hn hp X ban u. Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. (Hc vin ngn hng - 2001) 33. Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm vi Fe2O3 trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Chia hn hp sau phn ng trn u thnh hai phn, phn hai c khi lng nhiu hn phn mt 134 gam. Cho phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH thy c 16,8 lt kh H2 bay ra. Ho tan phn hai bng lng d dung dch HCl thy c 84 lt kh bay ra. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, cc kh u o ktc. 1Vit cc ptp xy ra. 2Tnh khi lng ca st to thnh trong phn ng nhit nhm. 34. Kh hon ton 11,6 gam mt oxit st bng CO. Khi lng st kim loi thu c t hn khi lng oxit l 3,2 gam. a. Tm cng thc ca oxit st. b. Cho kh CO2 thu c trong phn ng kh oxit st hp th hon ton vo 175ml dung dch NaOH 2 mol/l. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh .
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c. Trn 10,44 gam oxit st trn vi 4,05 gam bt nhm kim loi ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm (khng c mt khng kh). Sau khi kt thc th nghim, ly cht rn thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 1,68 lt H2 (o ktc). Tnh hiu sut phn ng nhit nhm. (H Cng on-98) 35. t nng mt si dy st c khi lng 23,52 gam trong khng kh mt thi gian, th mt phn st b oxi ho thnh Fe3O4. Sau khi ngui ri em ho tan ht vo dung dch HNO3 long un nng nh, thy gii phng ra 4,032 lt kh duy nht NO (o ktc). a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh % lng st ca si dy b oxi ho khi t nng. (HDL Hi Phng-2000tr348) 36. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c khi cho: a. 200ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,5M tc dng vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 2M. b. 400ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,5M tc dng vi 200ml dung dch KOH 0,65M. 37. Cho 200ml dung dch AlCl3 tc dng vi 400ml dung dch NaOH 2M ta thu c 1 kt ta, em nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 5,4 gam cht rn. a. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch AlCl3. b. Lc tch kt ta c dung dch lc. Cho dung dch nc lc tc dng vi dung dch HCl 2M. - Tnh th tch dung dch HCl lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. - Tnh th tch dung dch HCl lng kt ta thu c l 7,8 gam. 38-Cho Vml dung dch NaOH 0,5M vo 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 0,2M. Tnh khi lng kt ta trong cc trng hp sau: a/ V = 200 ml. b/ V = 320 ml. (CKT M-CB99) 39-Cho 34,2 gam mui nhm sunfat nguyn cht tc dng vi 250 ml dung dch xt thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Hi nng mol ca dung dch xt c th bng bao nhiu? (HDL Vn Lang-CB99)
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40-Hn hp A gm Al v Al2O3 c t l s gam mAl : mAl2 O3 = 0,18:1,02. Cho A tan trong dung dch NaOH (va ) thu c dung dch B v 0,672 lt H2 (ktc). Cho B tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HCl c kt ta D. Nung D nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c 3,57 gam cht rn. 1. Tnh nng (mol/l) ca dung dch HCl. 2. Nu pha long dung dch HCl n 10 ln th pH ca dung dch sau khi pha long l bao nhiu? (H Ngoi thng-99) 30- Ngi ta dng in cc bng than ch kh Al 2O3 bng phng php in phn thu c 6,75 kg Al, ng thi to ra hn hp kh A gm 20% CO; 70% CO2 v 10% O2 theo th tch. 1. Hy tnh khi lng than ch b tiu hao v lng Al2O3 b in phn. 2. Tnh t khi ca hn hp kh A so vi H2. 3. Ly 1/1000 lng Al thu c trn ri cho tan va ht trong HNO3 (nng khng xc nh) c dung dch B; cho B tc dng ht vi dung dch Na2CO3 th thu c kh B1 l CO2 v kt ta E l Al(OH)3. Mt khc, cng cho 1/1000 lng nhm nh trn tan va ht trong dung dch NaOH thu c dung dch D, sau , cho dung dch D tc dng vi dung dch B cng thu c kt ta E. Nung E nhit cao c cht rn E1. Hy tnh th tch ca kh B1 ( 27OC, 1 atm) v khi lng ca E1. (Cc phn ng c gi nh l hon ton). (H Ngoi thng 2001-tr29) 31-Cho 6,75 gam Al vo 200ml dung dch NaOH. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c dung dch A hon ton trong sut. Cho 1 mol HCl vo dung dch A thu c 15,6 gam kt ta. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch NaOH. (H An Giang-2001tr312) 32-Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp bt A (gm Al, Fe3O4 , CuO) bng H2SO4 c, nng, thu c 21,84 lt kh X.
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Mt khc trn u m gam hn hp A ri thc hin hon ton phn ng nhit nhm, nhn c hn hp rn B. Cho ht lng B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c 3,36 lt kh Y. Khi phn ng kt thc, cho tip dung dch HCl ti d, nhn c dung dch C, m1 gam cht rn v thu thm c 10,08 lt kh Y. Thi kh oxi vo dung dch C, ri cho dung dch NaOH vo ti d, thu c kt ta D. em nung kt ta D trong chn khng ti khi lng khng i, thu c 34,8 gam hn hp rn E. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Tnh s gam m , m 1 v thnh phn % v khi lng ca hn hp A v hn hp E. Cc th tch u o iu kin tiu chun. (HXD-2000tr251) 33. Hn hp A c khi lng 8,14 gam gm CuO, Al2O3 v mt oxit ca st. Cho H2 d i qua A nung nng, sau khi phn ng xong thu c 1,44 gam H2O. Ho tan hon ton A cn dng 170 ml dung dch H2SO4 long 1M, c dung dch B. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, c 5,2 gam cht rn. Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st v tnh khi lng tng oxit trong A. (HBKHN2001tr4)
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10. St v hp cht ca st 1-Vit phng trnh phn ng ca FeO; Fe2O3; Fe3O4 vi dung dch HNO3 long. (CSP Ph Th -98) 2-Hn hp A gm Fe3O4, Al, Al2O3. Cho A tan trong dung dch NaOH d, c hn hp cht rn B, dung dch C v kh E. Cho kh E (d) tc dng vi A nung nng, c hn hp cht rn F. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (CSPHN-98) 3-Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c) ca Fe, Fe3O4 ln lt vi Cl2 , cc dung dch : Fe2(SO4)3 H2SO4 long, HNO3 (to kh NO- nu c) v dung dch CuCl2. (H M HN98) 4-Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho bt st vo cc dung dch sau: H2SO4 long; HNO3 long; CuSO4; Fe2(SO4)3; AgNO3 d. (HKTHN 2001tr130) 5-Ho tan hon ton FeO trong mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c dung dch A v kh B. T khi hi ca kh B so vi metan bng 4. a. Cho kh B ln lt tc dng vi dung dch KOH v dung dch brom. b. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A, lc ly kt ta, em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i nhn c cht rn A1. Trn A1 vi lng d bt nhm c hn hp A2. Nung A2 nhit cao (khng c khng kh) cho n phn ng hon ton, c hn hp A3. Ho tan A3 bng dung dch HNO3 long thy thot ra kh NO (duy nht ). Vit v cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (H Hu-98) 6-Ho tan hon ton mt lng bt Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long, d c dung dch B. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch B. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra di dng phn t v ion thu gn. (CSP Ngh An-98) 7-Ho tan mt lng Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 long c dung dch A. Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit
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s c mt ng thi ca ion Fe2+ v Fe3+ trong dung dch A. (H Lut HN-98) 8-Ho tan Fe3O4 bng dung dch H2SO4 long, d c dung dch A. Ly mt phn dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung dch thuc tm. Ly mt phn dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung dch xt d, lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n phn ng hon ton. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (HCCB99) 9- Ho tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long d c dung dch A. - Cho mt lng bt st va vo dung dch A. n khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch B. - Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch KOH d c dung dch D, kt ta E. - Nung E trong khng kh nhit cao n khi lng khng i c cht rn F. - Thi mt lung CO qua ng s nung nng cha F cho n d thu c cht rn G v kh X. - Sc kh X vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 th thu c kt ta Y v dung dch C. - Lc b kt ta Y, un nng dung dch C li to ra kt ta Y. Hy xc nh cc cht c trong A, B, D, E, F, G, X, Y v C. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho. Bit rng hiro mi sinh c th kh mt phn Fe3+ Fe2+. (HSPQ Nhn-99) 10-Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng chng minh: -St c tnh kh. -Hp cht st (II) va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ho. -Hp cht st (III) ch c tnh oxi ho. (Mi trng hp c 1 v d minh ho). (CSP HN-98)
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11-Vit phng trnh phn ng chuyn ho trc tip bt st kim loi thnh cc hp cht sau: FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, FeBr3, FeS v Fe3O4. (HC2001tr150) 12-Cho st kim loi v mui ca st. T mi loi trn hy trnh by hai phng php iu ch st (II) clorua. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch di dng phn t v ion thu gn (mi phng php ch dng mt phn ng, cc cht cn thit c ). (H Thu li-2001tr160) 13-Ho tan hn hp gm Al2O3 v Fe3O4 bng dung dch NaOH d thu c dung dch A v phn khng tan B. Tch phn khng tan B em ho tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl thu c dung dch C. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch C, sau lc ly kt ta v em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn D. D tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 long cho dung dch trong sut.. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v cho bit trong A, B, C, D gm nhng cht g? (HDLKTCN-99) 14-Cho mt lung kh H2 (d) ln lt i qua 4 ng mc ni tip nhau c t nng ng cc oxit: ng 1 ng BaO, ng 2 ng Fe2O3, ng 3 ng Al2O3 v ng 4 ng CuO. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, ly cc cht cn li trong tng ng cho tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long. Vit tt c cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (H Nng t 2-99) 15-t Cacbon trong khng kh nhit cao, c hn hp kh A. Cho A tc dng vi Fe2O3 nung nng c kh B v hn hp rn C. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 c kt ta K v dung dch D; un si li c kt ta K. Cho C tan trong dung dch HCl, thu c kh v dung dch E. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c kt ta hn hp hiroxit F. Nung F trong khng kh c mt oxit duy nht. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. (HBK-99)
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16-Cho KOH d tc dng vi dung dch FeCl2. Ly kt ta thu c lu trong khng kh. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.(HKTQD-99) 17-Mt dung dch A cha FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng , khi cho dung dch A tc dng ln lt vi cc cht sau: a. Dung dch KMnO4 + H2SO4. b. Nc brom. c. Dung dch KOH khi c mt khng kh. d. ng kim loi. e. Axit HNO3 c. (H Vinh-2001tr82) 18-Ho tan mt hn hp gm CaCO3, MgCO3 v Fe2O3 trong HCl d. Thm nc vi trong va trung ho HCl d. Thm mt lng bt Al d vo dung dch thu c. Sau phn ng to ra cht rn A v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c kt ta C v dung dch nc lc D. Hi: a. Trong A v B c nhng cht g? b. Trong t nhin cht rn C dng khong cht no? c.Bng phng php no tch c cc mui ra khi dung dch D. (HSPVinh-99) 19-Cho cc cht Fe, FeS2, FeCO3, FeO, Fe(OH)2 ln lt tc dng vi HNO3 c nng. Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t, dng ion (cho bit trong sn phm phn ng c kh NO2 hoc c kh CO2 hoc c H2SO4). (H Thng mi-99) 20-Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v dng ion thu gn trong cc qu trnh sau: a. Cho FeS tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 (c nng) cho kh SO2. b. Cho Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long cho kh NO. c. Cho Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long cho kh N2. (HGTVT-99)
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21-Vit phng trnh phn ng ca HNO3 long vi tng cht sau: Mg, FeO, Fe2O3, FeCO3. (H Lm nghip-99) 22-Hy k tn v cng thc ca cc loi qung st quan trng trong t nhin. T mt loi qung st bt k trn l nguyn liu chnh, vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch Fe(OH)2 v Fe(OH)3. (HQGTPHCM-99-HY HP2001tr114) 23-C 5 loi qung st quan trng trong t nhin l manhetit, hematit , hematit nu, xierit v pirit. a. Hy cho bit trong cc qung st , st tn ti dng hp cht no. b. Ly 2 qung khng thuc loi oxit trong s 5 loi qung trn em t trong oxi d nhit cao th thu c 2 kh X, Y tng ng. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng v nu cch phn bit 2 kh X, Y bng phng php ho hc. (HSP Qui Nhn-99) 24-Gang l g? Cho bit cc nguyn liu chnh dng sn xut gang; nguyn tc v cc phn ng ho hc xy ra trong qu trnh luyn gang? (H Thu sn-98-H Ktrc HN 99-H Hng hi-99) 25-T qung pirit st v qung olomit. Hy trnh by phng php iu ch cc kim loi Ca, Mg, Fe. (HSPVinh-99) 26-T bt nhm, dung dch NaCl, bt Fe2O3 v cc iu kin cn thit, vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch Al(OH)3, NaAlO2, FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(OH)3. (H An ninh-1998) 27-Cho 0,1 mol FeO tc dng hon ton vi dung dch H2SO4 long, c dung dch A. Cho mt lung kh clo i chm qua dung dch A phn ng xy ra hon ton. C cn dung dch sau phn ng n cn, thu c mui khan, khi lng m1 gam. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh khi lng mui khan m1. (HVCNBCVT-98)
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28-Dung dch A cha hai mui FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. Ngi ta tin hnh nhng th nghim sau y: Th nghim (1): Thm dn dung dch NaOH cho n d vo 20 ml dung dch A. Khuy v un nng hn hp trong khng kh. Lc ly kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i c cht rn cn c 1,2 gam. Th nghim (2): Thm dung dch H2SO4 long vo 20 ml dung dch A. Nh dn tng git dung dch KMnO4 0,2M vo dung dch ni trn v lc nh cho n khi dung dch bt u xut hin mu hng, lng dung dch KMnO4 0,2M cn dng l 10 ml. 1. Gii thch hin tng v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc th nghim (1) v (2). 2. Tnh nng mol/l (M) ca FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 trong dung dch A. (HKTQD 2001 tr22) 29. Cho dung dch NaOH 20% tc dng va vi dung dch FeCl2 10%. un nng trong khng kh cho cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh nng phn trm ca mui to thnh trong dung dch sau phn ng (coi nc bay hi trong qu trnh un nng khng ng k). (H Thu li-2000tr225) 30. Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,02 mol FeS2 v 0,03 mol FeS vo lng d H2SO4 c nng thu c Fe2(SO4)3, SO2 v H2O. Hp th ht SO2 bng mt lng va dung dch KMnO4 thu c dung dch Y khng mu, trong sut, c pH = 2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v tnh s lt ca dung dch Y. (HQGHN2001tr14) 31. Ho tan hon ton a gam mt oxit st bng H 2SO4 c nng thy thot ra kh SO2 duy nht. Trong th nghim khc, sau khi kh hon ton cng a gam oxit st bng CO nhit cao ho tan lng st to thnh bng H2SO4 c, nng th thu c lng kh SO2 nhiu gp 9 ln lng kh SO2 th nghim trn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng trong 2 th nghim trn v xc nh cng thc ca oxit st. (H YHN-2001-tr104) 32. kh hon ton 8 gam oxit ca mt kim loi cn dng ht 3,36 lt hiro. Ho tan ht lng kim loi thu c
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vo dung dch axt clohyric thy thot ra 2,24 lt kh hiro (cc kh o ktc). Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca oxt kim loi ni trn, cho bit khi lng nguyn t ca kim loi trong oxit nm trong khong t 52 n 58,7. Cho O = 16; H = 1 Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Ni = 58,7. (HNN1-Khi B-98) 33. Cho hn hp 3 cht bt Mg, Al v Al2O3 . Ly 9 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thy sinh ra 3,36 lt kh hiro. Mt khc nu cng ly 9 gam hn hp trn cho tc dng va vi dung dch HCl th thu c 7,84 lt kh hiro (cc kh u o iu kin tiu chun). a.Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh th nghim? b.Tnh s gam mi cht trong hn hp. (H Thu sn-98) 34. Cho 31,2 gam hn hp bt Al v Al2O3 tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 16,8 lt H2 ( 0OC v 0,8 atm). Hy cho bit: a. S gam mi cht trong hn hp. b. Th tch dung dch NaOH 4M dng, bit rng ngi ta dng d 10 ml so vi th tch cn dng. (HY H Ni-98) 35. Nu cho 18 gam hn hp A gm Mg, Al v Al2O3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th sinh ra 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu cng cho cng mt lng hn hp nh trn tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th sinh ra 13,44 lt kh H2 (ktc). 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp ban u. (H Lt-98) 36. Cho 5,2 gam hn hp A gm Al, Fe, Cu tc dng vi 20 ml dung dch NaOH 6M thu c 2,688 lt kh (ktc), dung dch v phn khng tan B. Cho B tc dng ht vi HNO3 long thu c dung dch C v 1,12 lt kh NO (ktc). Cho dung dch C tc dng vi NaOH d to kt ta D. Nung D nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn E.
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1. Tnh phn trm khi lng cc kim loi trong A. 2.Tnh khi lng cht rn E. Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. (H Nng-98) 37-Ly 8,4 gam NaOH ho tan vo nc thnh dung dch (A). Ly 4g Fe2(SO4)3 cho phn ng vi dung dch (A), sau khi kt thc phn ng li ly tip 6,84 gam Al2(SO4)3 cho vo khuy u n khi phn ng kt thc c dung dch (B) v kt ta (C). em (C) nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i c cht rn (D). 1/ (D) l cht nguyn cht hay hn hp? Nu l hn hp hy xc nh thnh phn % theo khi lng cc cht trong (D). 2/ Dung dch (B) c em pha long thnh 500 ml. Xc nh nng mol/l ca cc ion c trong dung dch. (C SPB Giang-98) 38-Ho tan hn hp gm 18,24 gam FeSO4 v 27,26 gam Al2(SO4)3 vo 200 gam dung dch H2SO4 9,8% thu c dung dch A. Cho 77,60 gam NaOH nguyn cht vo dung dch A thu c kt ta B v dung dch C. Tch kt ta B khi dung dch C. 1. Nung kt ta B ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i. Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c. 2. Thm nc vo dung dch C, thu c dung dch D c khi lng l 400 gam. Tnh khi lng nc thm vo v nng phn trm theo khi lng cc cht tan trong dung dch D. 3.Cn thm bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 2M vo dung dch D trn : a. c khi lng kt ta ln nht. b. c kt ta m sau khi nung n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn nng 5,1 gam. (H Hu-99)
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1-Cho 5,6 lt hn hp X gm N2 v CO2 (ktc) i chm qua 5 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02 M phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 5 gam kt ta. Tnh t khi hi ca hn hp X so vi hiro. (HVNgnhng-2001tr90) 2-Ho tan 15,3 gam BaO vo nc c dung dch A. Cho 12,3 gam hn hp CaCO3 v MgCO3 ho tan ht vo dung dch HCl d th thu c kh B. Nu cho dung dch A hp th ht kh B th sau phn ng c kt ta to thnh hay khng? (H An Giang 2000tr382) 3-Trong mt bnh kn cha y 15 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,01M. Sc vo bnh lng CO2 c gi tr bin thin: 0,12 nCO2 0,26 mol. Hi khi lng cht kt ta thu c s bin thin trong khong gi tr no? (H Thu li (pha nam)-2000 tr235) 4-Dn t t mt lng kh CO2 vo 500ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M, ta thu c 0,5g kt ta. Tnh th tch CO2 phn ng 27,3OC; 1atm. (HSPH Ni 2-98) O 5-Cho V lt kh CO2 o 54,6 C v 2 atm hp th hon ton vo 200ml dung dch hn hp KOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,75M thu c 23,64 gam kt ta. Tm V lt? (HSPtpHCM 2001tr74) 6-Ho tan hon ton 4,24 gam Na2CO3 vo nc thu c dung dch A. Cho t t tng git 20,00 gam dung dch HCl nng 9,125% vo A v khuy mnh. Tip theo cho thm vo dung dch cha 0,02 mol Ca(OH)2. 1. Hy cho bit nhng cht g c hnh thnh v lng cc cht . Cht no trong cc cht cn li trong dung dch. 2. Nu cho t t tng git dung dch A vo 20,00 gam dung dch HCl nng 9,125% v khuy mnh, sau cho thm dung dch cha 0,02 mol Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch
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11-Kh CO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim Mui cacbonat tc dng vi axit
trn. Hy gii thch hin tng xy ra v tnh khi lng cc cht to thnh sau phn ng. Gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. (H Thi Nguyn-98) 7-Cho 45 gam CaCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. Ton b lng kh sinh ra c hp th trong mt cc c cha 500ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M to thnh dung dch X. 1. Tnh khi lng ca tng mui c trong dung dch X. 2.Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 1M cn thit tc dng vi cc cht c trong dung dch X to ra cc mui trung ho. (CSPHN98) 8-Cho 44 gam NaOH vo dung dch cha 39,2 gam axit photphoric v c cn dung dch. Hi nhng mui no c to nn v lng bao nhiu. (H Y Dc TPHCM-98) 9-Ho tan hon ton mt lng natri kim loi vo nc, thu c dung dch X v a mol kh bay ra. Cho b mol kh CO2 hp th hon ton vo dung dch X, c dung dch Y. Hy cho bit cc cht tan trong Y theo mi quan h gia a v b. (HVKTQS-99) 10-Cho rt t t dung dch A cha x mol HCl vo dung dch B cha y mol Na2CO3. Hy bin lun cc trng hp xy ra theo x v y. (H Thi Nguyn-99) 11-Cho dung dch NaOH 25% c khi lng ring D = 1,28 g/ml. Hi 150 ml dung dch kim c kh nng hp th c ti a bao nhiu lt kh CO2 o iu kin tiu chun. (HQGHN-CB99) 12-Hy nu v gii thch bng phng trnh phn ng cc hin tng xy ra trong th nghim sau: Cho CO2 d li chm qua dch dch nc vi trong. Sau cho tip nc vi trong vo dung dch va thu c cho n d. (HKTQD-99) 13-Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na2O v Al2O3 lc vi nc cho phn ng hon ton thu c 200ml dung dch A ch cha mt cht tan duy nht c nng 0,5M. Thi kh CO2 d vo dung dch A c a gam kt ta.
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1/ Tnh m v thnh phn % (theo khi lng) cc cht trong X. 2/ Tnh a v th tch CO2 ( ktc) phn ng. (HNNIKA-99) 14-Mt hn hp X gm ACO3 v BCO3. Phn trm khi l200 ng A trong ACO3 l % v ca B trong BCO3 l 40%. 7 1. Xc nh ACO3 v BCO3. 2. Ly 31,8 gam hn hp X cho vo 0,8 lt dung dch HCl 1M thu c dung dch Y. Hy chng t hn hp X b ho tan ht. Cho vo dung dch X mt lng tha NaHCO3 thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (iu kin tiu chun). Tnh khi lng mi mui cacbonat. (HQG TPHCM-98) 151.Ho tan hon ton 13,8 gam mui cacbonat mt kim loi kim R2CO3 trong 110 mililt dung dch HCl 2M. Sau khi hon tt, ngi ta thy cn d axit trong dung dch thu c v th tch kh thot ra V1 vt qu 2016 mililt. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. nh tn ca mui cacbonat R2CO3. Tnh V1. 2. Ho tan 13,8 gam mui R2CO3 trn y vo nc. Va khuy trn va thm tng git dung dch HCl 1M cho ti 180 mililt dung dch axit, thu c V2 lt kh. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Tnh V2. Cc kh o iu kin tiu chun. (HDLVn Lang2001tr253 16. Hn hp Y gm 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi kim th. Trong mui th nht kim loi chim 28,57% khi lng v trong mui th hai kim loi chim 40% khi lng. a. Xc nh tn hai mui. b. Cho 31,8 gam hn hp Y vo 800ml dung dch HCl 1M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch Z. Trong Z c d axit khng? Xc nh lng kh CO2 c th thu c (khng dng s liu th nghim c ).
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c. Cho vo Z mt lng dung dch NaHCO3 d th thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 iu kin tiu chun. Tnh khi lng mi mui trong Y. Cho: C=12; O=16; Cl=35,5; Na=23; Be=9; Mg=24; Ca=40; Sr =87,6; Ba=137. (H Hng hi MN-99) 17-Ho tan 4,68 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v B k tip nhau trong phn nhm chnh nhm II bng 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Sau phn ng ta thu c dung dch C v 1,54 lt kh CO2 o 27,3OC v p sut 0,8 atm. 1. a. Cho bit tn ca hai nguyn t A v B. b. Tnh tng khi lng mui to thnh trong dung dch C. 2. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban u. 3. Cho ton b lng kh CO2 thu c trn hp th ht bi 200ml dung dch Ba(OH)2. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 : a. Thu c 1,97 gam kt ta. b. Thu c lng kt ta ln nht v lng kt ta nh nht. (Bit Be = 9, Mg = 24, Ca = 40, Ba = 137). (CSPHN99) 18-Mt dung dch nc c cha 53 gam mt hn hp mui Cacbonat ca 2 kim loi M v M u c ho tr 1 (M v M l 2 kim loi lin tip trong cng mt phn nhm chnh). Thm t t va khuy u dung dch axit HCl 0,5M vo dung dch trn. Khi phn ng xong, ngi ta thu c 1,231 lt kh CO2 27OC, p sut 2atm v mt dung dch A. Thm mt lng tha nc vi vo dung dch A, thu c 20 gam kt ta. 1. Xc nh 2 kim loi M v M. 2. Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng mui Cacbonat trong hn hp. (CKS-99) 19-Nung m gam hn hp X gm 2 mui cacbonat trung tnh ca 2 kim loi A v B u c ho tr 2. Sau mt thi gian thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v cn li hn hp rn
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Y. Cho Y tc dng ht vi HCl d ri cho kh thot ra hp th hon ton bi Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 15 gam kt ta. Phn dung dch em c cn thu c 32,5 gam hn hp mui khan. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v tnh m. (HQGtpHCM-99) 20-Mt hn hp X gm FeCO3 v MCO3 (M ch c ho tr duy nht). Ho tan hon ton 9,48 gam X tiu tn ht 110 gam dung dch HNO3 12,6% th thu c 2,24 lt hn hp kh NO, CO2 iu kin tiu chun v dung dch Y. 1. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t ca nguyn t M. 2. Trong dung dch Y c mt nhng mui no v tnh nng phn trm khi lng ca cc mui . (HDLKTCN99) 21-Khi cho m gam hn hp gm Mg, MgCO3. tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 22,4 lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm H2, CO2. Cho kh CO2 hp th hon ton vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 2M; sau phn ng thu c 50,4 gam cht rn khan. Tnh m. (HMC-2000tr242) 22-C mt hn hp A gm CaCO3, MgCO3 v Al2O3 cn nng 0,602 gam. Ho tan A vo 50 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. trung ho lng axit d cn 41,4 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Kh CO2 thot ra khi ho tan A cho hp th vo 93,6 ml dung dch NaOH nng a% (d=1,0039g/ml), sau thm lng d BaCl2 thy to ra 0,788 gam kt ta v khi un si li to thm c 0,134 gam kt ta na. Gi tht cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Hy cho bit: a. Thnh phn % cc cht trong A. b. Tnh a. (HAn ninh2000tr377) 23-Ho tan 5,8 gam hn hp X gm Fe 3O4 v FeCO3 trong mt lng dung dch H2SO4 long d ta c dung dch Y v kh Z. Nh t t dung dch thuc tm vo dung dch Y th c hin tng g? Khi ht hin tng y th tn ht 160ml dung dch thuc tm 0,05M. Thu ton b kh Z cho hp th ht vo 100ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M th thu c m gam kt ta trng. 1. Vit phn ng xy ra. 2. Tnh phn trm khi lng cc cht trong hn hp X.
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3. Tnh khi lng kt ta (m). (HDLNNTinhc-99) 24-Ho tan hn hp CaO v CaCO3 bng dung dch HCl c dung dch B v 448 cm3 kh iu kin tiu chun. C cn dung dch B thu c 3,33 gam mui khan. Tnh khi lng cc cht trong hn hp u v phn trm khi lng ca chng. (HDuyTn-99)
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12. Nhn bit cc cht v c I. Nhn bit kim loi v cc oxit kim loi: 1. a. Bng phng php ha hc hy nhn bit cc kim loi sau: Al, Zn, Cu, Fe. b. C 4 oxit ring bit sau: Na2O, Al2O3, Fe2O3 v MgO. Lm th no c th nhn bit c mi ha cht vi iu kin ch dng thm 2 ha cht khc. 2. Ch dng mt ha cht, nu phng php nhn bit 4 mu kim loi: Mg, Zn, Fe, Ba. 3. Cho 4 kim loi A, B, C, D c mu gn ging nhau ln lt tc dng vi HNO3 c, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH th thu c kt qu nh sau: A HNO3 HCl NaOH + + B + C + + D + -
Vi k hiu du (+) l c phn ng, du (-) l khng phn ng. Hi chng l cc kim loi g trong s cc kim loi sau: Ag, Cu, Mg, Al, Fe. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng bit rng khi kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 c kh mu nu duy nht thot ra. 4. C 5 mu kim loi tng t nhau: Ba, Mg, Fe, Ag, Al. Nu ch c dung dch H2SO4 long (khng c dng thm bt c cht no khc k c qu tm v nc nguyn cht) c th nhn bit c nhng kim loi no? 5. Ch dng mt axit thng dng v mt baz thng dng, hy phn bit 3 hp kim sau y: Cu-Ag, Cu-Al, Cu-Zn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
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6. Cho hn hp M gm 5 cht: Fe, Cu, CuO, FeO, Al. Hy trnh by phng php ho hc chng minh s c mt ca tng cht trong hn hp M. 7. C 3 kim loi: Na, Ca, Al. Lm th no c th nhn bit c mi kim loi bng phng php ho hc. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ho hc dng. 8. Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc gi ho cht mt nhn sau: Al, Fe, Al2O3, Fe2O3. 9. C 5 oxit ring bit: Na2O, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CuO. Ch dng H2O v axit HCl, lm th no nhn bit chng. 10. Ch dng dung dch HCl v H2O hy nhn bit cc cht sau y ng ring bit trong cc l mt nhn: Ag 2O, BaO, MgO, MnO2, Al2O3, FeO, Fe2O3, CaCO3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 11. C 6 gi bt mu tng t nhau: CuO, FeO, Fe3O4, MnO2, Ag2O, hn hp (Fe & FeO). Ch dng thm dung dch HCl, c th phn bit c 6 gi bt mu khng? Nu c hy trnh by cch phn bit. 12. a. C 3 l ng 3 hn hp bt: FeO + Fe2O3 ; Fe + FeO ; Fe + Fe2O3. Hy nhn bit hn hp cc cht trong mi l trn m ch c php s dng mt ho cht. b. Ch c mt ho cht, hy cho bit cch phn bit Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 13. Ch dng mt thuc th hy nhn bit 3 cht sau y ng trong 3 l mt nhn: Al, Al2O3, Mg. II. NHn bit cc hp cht ca kim loi 1. Nu phng php nhn bit 3 dung dch sau y: Ca(HCO3)2, Na2CO3, (NH4)2CO3. 2. C 4 dung dch khng nhn ng 4 dung dch: MgSO4,CaCl2, Na2CO3, HNO3. Bng phng php no c th nhn bit c 4 dung dch .
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3. Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc l khng nhn cha cc dung dch ho cht sau: Al(NO3)3, Zn(NO3)2, NaNO3, Mg(NO3)2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 4. C 4 cc ng ring bit cc cht sau: Nc nguyn cht, Nc cng tm thi, Nc cng vnh cu (c cha SO42-) v nc cng ton phn (cha c HCO3- v SO42-). Hy xc nh loi nc no ng trong mi l bng phng php ho hc. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 5. Hy tm cch phn bit: a. Dung dch FeSO4 vi dung dch Fe2(SO4)3. b. Dung dch AlCl3 vi dung dch Al(NO3)3. c. Dung dch MgCl2 vi dung dch AlCl3. d. Dung dch NaCl v dung dch BaCl2. e. Dung dch CaCl2 v dung dch Ba(NO3)2. f. Na2SO3 v Na2CO3. 6. C 4 dung dch ng trong 4 cc ring bit mt nhn: K2CO3, BaCl2, H2SO4, HCl. Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit tng cht . 7. C 5 l mt nhn ng 5 ho cht sau y: HCl, HNO3, dd Ca(OH)2, dd NaOH, dd NH3. Lm th no nhn ra cc l ho cht trn bng phng php ho hc 8. C mt dung dch cha: Na2SO4, Na2SO3, Na2CO3. Hy trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit tng mui. 9. Trong iu kin khng c khng kh, cho Fe chy trong kh Cl2 c mt cht A v nung hn hp bt (Fe v S) c mt hn hp cht B. Bng cc phn ng ho hc, hy nhn bit thnh phn v ho tr ca cc nguyn t trong A v B. 10. Cho 3 bnh dung dch mt nhn l: A gm KHCO3 & K2CO3 ; B gm KHCO3 & K2SO4 ; D gm K2CO3 & K2SO4. Ch dng dung dch BaCl2 v dung dch HCl, nu cch nhn bit mi bnh dung dch mt nhn trn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
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11. C 3 l dung dch mt nhn, mi l cha hn hp 2 mui tan sau y: NaHCO3 & Na2CO3 ; NaHCO3 & Na2SO4 ; Na2CO3 & Na2SO4. Ch dng 2 dung dch HNO3 v Ba(NO3)2, hy nhn bit 3 l trn. vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v gii thch. 12. Ngi ta cho 2 cc ng dung dch ZnSO4 v AlCl3. C 2 dung dch u khng mu, lm th no nhn ra mi dung dch nu ch dng mt trong 3 ho cht sau: dd HNO3, dd NaOH, dd NH3. 13. C 5 l mt nhn, mi l ng mt trong cc dung dch ho cht sau: NaHSO4, KHCO3, Mg(HCO3)2, Na2SO3, Ba(HCO3)2. Trnh by cch nhn bit tng dung dch m ch c dng cch un nng. 14. a. C 5 dung dch cc cht sau: H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, KCl, BaCl2. Trnh by phng php phn bit cc dung dch ny m ch c dng qu tm lm thuc th. b. Dng qu tm nhn bit: H2SO4, Ba(OH)2, BaCl2, HCl, NaCl, NaOH. 15. a. Nhn bit 4 dung dch mt nhn sau: K 2CO3, NaCl, KOH, HNO3 m ch c dng mt loi thuc th. b. Ch dng mt thuc th hy nhn bit cc dung dch sau: BaCl2, Na2SO4, Na3PO4, HNO3. 16. a. Hy t chn mt ho cht thch hp phn bit cc mui: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3, MgCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, Al(NO3)3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Dng mt ha cht phn bit cc dung dch sau: BaCl2, KI, Fe(NO3)2, AgNO3 v Na2CO3. 17. a. Hy nu phng php nhn bit cc dung dch b mt nhn sau: AlCl3, MgCl2, NaCl, H2SO4 m ch c php s dng mt thuc th. b. Ch c dng kim loi hy nhn bit cc dung dch sau y: HCl, HNO3 , AgNO3, KCl, KOH. c. Dng mt kim loi, hy nhn bit cc dung dch sau: AgNO3, NaOH, HCl, NaNO3.
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c. Ch dng mt ha cht, hy phn bit cc dung dch: K2SO4, K2CO3, K2SiO3, K2S, K2SO3. 18. a. C cc ng nghim khng nhn cha dung dch ca mt trong cc ho cht sau: HCl, Na2SO4, NaOH, NaCl, BaCl2, AgNO3. Hy nhn bit dung dch trong cc ng nghim bng cch dng thm qu tm. b. Ch dng thm mt thuc th, hy tm cch nhn bit cc dung dch mt nhn sau: NH4HSO4, Ba(OH)2, HCl, NaCl, H2SO4. c. Trnh by phng php v nguyn tc tin hnh phn bit 4 cht: NaCl, BaCO3, Na2CO3, BaSO4 vi iu kin ch dng thm dung dch HCl long. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 19. Ch dng thm giy qu tm, trnh by cch nhn bit cc dung dch long sau: Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NaCl, H2SO4, BaCl2, NaOH. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc minh ha. ( thi H nm 2006) 20. a. C 5 l mt nhn ng 5 dung dch : NaOH, KCl, MgCl2, CuCl2, AlCl3. Hy nhn bit cc dung dch trn m khng cn dng thm ho cht khc. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Hy nhn bit cc l ho cht mt nhn sau y bng phng php ho hc: NaCl, Mg(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, Al2(SO4)3. c. C 6 l ho cht mt nhn sau: Na2CO3, NH4Cl, MgCl2, AlCl3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3. Ch c dng dung dch NaOH, lm th no nhn bit c l no ng dung dch g? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. 21. a. C 6 l mt nhn ng cc dung dch khng mu l: Na2SO4, Na2CO3, BaCl2, Ba(NO3)2, AgNO3, MgCl2. Bng phng php ho hc v khng dng thm cc cht khc, hy trnh by cch nhn bit cc dung dch trn, bit rng chng c nng ln cc kt ta t tan c th c to thnh trong dung dch.
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b. C 4 cc ng cc cht sau: dung dch NaCl, dung dch HCl, dung dch Na2CO3. Khng dng ha cht no khc, hy nhn bit tng cht. 22. C 4 ng nghim nh s 1, 2, 3, 4, mi ng ng mt trong cc dung dch sau: Na2CO3, HCl, FeCl2, NH4HCO3. Ly ng 1 vo ng 3 thy c kt ta. Ly ng 3 vo ng 4 thy c kh bay ra. Hi ng no ng dung dch g? 23. C 5 l c nh s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, mi l cha mt trong cc dung dch: Ba(NO3)2 , Na2CO3, MgCl2, K2SO4, Na3PO4. Xc nh l no cha dung dch g, bit rng: - L 1 to kt ta trng vi cc l 3 v 4. - L 2 to kt ta trng vi l 4. - L 3 to kt ta trng vi cc l 1 v 5. - L 4 to kt ta trng vi cc l 1, 2 v 5. Kt ta sinh ra do l 1 tc dng vi l 3 phn hu nhit cao to ra oxit kim loi. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho. 24. Cho A, B, C l hp cht ca cng mt kim loi. A tc dng vi B cho ta C. Khi cho C phn ng vi mt t HCl th cho ta B v khi phn ng vi lng d axit th cho ta cht D l kh khng mu, khng mi. D phn ng vi A, tu iu kin s cho ta B hoc C. Khi in phn nng chy A thu c Catot kim loi c s th t trong bng HTTH l 19. Cho bit A, B, C l nhng cht g? 25. Bng phng php no c th nhn bit c cc cht rn sau: a. Na2CO3, MgCO3, BaCO3. b. NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2. c. AgCl, BaSO4, CaCO3, Na2CO3. 26. Ch c H2O v kh CO2 c th phn bit c 5 cht bt trng sau y khng khi chng c ng trong cc l ring bit mt nhn: Na2CO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, BaCO3, BaSO4.
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Nu c hy trnh by cch phn bit v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 27. C 4 cht rn ng trong 4 l ring bit: Na2CO3, CaCO3, Na2SO4, CaSO4.2H2O, lm th no c th nhn bit c tng cht nu ch dng H2O v dung dch HCl. 28. C cc l ho cht mt nhn, mi l ng mt trong cc cht rn sau y: BaSO4, BaCO3, KCl, Na2CO3, MgCO3. Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit tng cht, vi iu kin ch c dng thm nc ct v thm mt thuc th khc. 29. C 4 cht bt mu trng tng t nhau l: NaCl, AlCl3, MgCO3, BaCO3. Ch c dng H2O v cc thit b cn thit, hy nhn bit tng cht trn. 30. Dng mt ha cht phn bit 4 cht rn: NaCl, Na2CO3, BaCO3, BaSO4. III. Nhn bit cc ion 1. Lm th no nhn bit s c mt ng thi ca cc ion sau y trong mt dung dch: Na+, NH4+, CO32-, HCO3-. 2. Ho tan mt lng Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 long thu c dung dch A. Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit s c mt ng thi ca cc ion Fe3+, Fe2+ trong dung dch A. 3. Trong mt dung dch c cha ng thi cc ion sau: NH4+, SO42-, HCO3-, CO32-.Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit cc ion . 4. Bng phng php ho hc hy chng t s c mt ng thi ca cc ion sau y trong mt dung dch: NH 4+, Fe3+, NO3-. 5. Vit phng trnh ion thu gn ca cc phn ng dng nhn bit cc ion sau y trong mt dung dch: Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+, AlO2-, Mg2+.
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6. Ch dng qu tm, dung dch HCl v dung dch Ba(OH) 2 c th nhn bit c cc ion no sau y trong cng mt dung dch: Na+, NH4+, HCO3-, CO32-, SO427. Hy tm cch nhn bit cc ion trong dung dch cha AlCl3 v FeCl3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 8. Hy tm cch nhn bit cc ion (tr H+ v OH-) c mt trong dung dch cha hn hp cc cht sau bng phng php ho hc: AlCl3, NH4Cl, BaCl2, MgCl2. 9. Dung dch A cha cc ion sau y: Na+, CO32-, SO32-, SO42-. Bng nhng phn ng ho hc no c th nhn bit c cc ion trong dung dch. 10. Trong mt dung dch c cha cc ion: Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, Na+ v Cl-. Hy nhn bit s c mt ca cc ion trong dung dch. 11. Trong mt dung dch c cc ion NH4+, SO42 , HCO3 , CO32 . Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit cc ion . (H Cng on-98) 12. Dung dch A cha ng thi cc cation: H+, Na+, Ag+, Ba2+, Fe3+, Al3+ v mt trong cc anion sau: SO42 , CO32 , NO3 , Cl , Br . Hy cho bit anion no c th c mt ? V sao ? (HSPH Ni 2-98) 13. C mt dung dch cha cc ion sau: Al3+, NH4+, Ag+, Xna. Xc nh Xn- dung dch A tn ti. b. Bng phng php ho hc, chng minh s c mt ca cc cation trong dung dch A. B. Nhn bit cc phi kim v hp cht ca chng: 1. Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc bnh kh khng nhn sau: Cl2, CO2, SO2, H2S, NO2. 2. Hn hp A cha cc cht th hi: SO3, SO2, CO2, CO, H2. Vit phng trnh phn ng nhn bit cc cht trong A. 3. Lm th no nhn bit tng kh: H2, H2S, CO, CO2 trong hn hp ca chng bng phng php ho hc.
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4. Cho cc cht sau y: KOH, Al, (NH4)2SO4, CaCO3, NH4HSO3, H2SO4, NaCl, FeS a. T cc cht trn c th iu ch c nhng kh g? b. Lm th no nhn bit c cc kh . 5. C cc l ng cc ho cht ring bit sau: a. O2, Cl2, HCl, O3, SO2. b. N2, H2, Cl2, F2, CO. 6. Nhn bit cc kh sau trong cc l ring bit bng phng php ha hc: O2, O3, N2, Cl2, NH3. 7. C 6 bnh ng cc kh N2, H2, CO2, CO, Cl2, O2. Hy nhn bit cc kh trong bnh bng phng php ha hc. 8. Lm th no nhn bit s c mt ca mi kh trong hn hp gm CO, CO2, SO3 bng phng php ha hc. 9. Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l mt nhn sau: HCl, HNO3, H3PO4. 10. a. Ch dng thm Cu v mt mui tu , hy nhn bit cc ha cht trong cc l mt nhn: HCl, HNO 3, H2SO4 v H3PO4. b. Lm th no nhn bit c 3 axit H2SO4, HCl, HNO3 cng tn ti trong dung dch long. 11. Dng mt kim loi, hy phn bit cc dung dch HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 v H3PO4. 13. Tch v tinh ch cc cht v c 1. C hn hp kim loi Al, Au, Ag. Hy tch ring chng bng phng php ho hc (k c phng php in phn). 2. Ag c ln cc tp cht l: Sn, Pb, Zn. Bng cch no c th loi c cc tp cht v vit cc phng trnh phn ng. 3. C hn hp Al, Fe, Mg. Hy trnh by phng php ha hc tch ring tng kim loi.
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4. Cho hn hp cc kim loi Cu, Fe, Ag, Al. Hy tch ring chng bng phng php ho hc (k c phng php in phn). 5. C hn hp dng bt gm 4 kim loi: Al, Cu, Fe, Mg. Hy tch ring chng bng phng php ho hc. 6. Trnh by phng php ha hc tch ring tng kim loi ra khi hn hp: CuO, MgO, Al2O3 (lng kim loi trong hn hp khng thay i). 7. a. Mt hp kim c cha Cu, Fe, Ag, Au. Hy nu phng php tch ring Ag, Au ra khi hn hp trn. b. Tinh ch Cu ra khi hn hp Cu, Ag, Fe, S. 8. Mt hn hp vn gm Fe, Fe3O4, Al, Al2O3, Mg, MgO, Cu v Ag. Hy trnh by phng php ly Al, Fe, Mg, Cu v Ag ra di dng n cht. 9. Trnh by phng php ha hc tch ring: a. Al, Cu, Mg, Au. b. Al, Cu, Fe. 10. Hy dng phng php ho hc tch ring cc cht trong hn hp: Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaCO3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 11. Qung Boxit dng sn xut Al thng b ln cc tp cht l Fe2O3 v SiO2. Lm th no c Al2O3 gn nh tinh khit. 12. Cho hn hp cc oxit sau: SiO2, Al2O3, CuO, Fe2O3. Trnh by phng php ho hc thu c tng oxit tinh khit. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 13. Mt loi qung st gm Fe2O3 c ln CaCO3. Trn qung vi bt Al d ri un nng chy nhit cao thu c cht rn X. a. Cho bit X gm nhng cht g? Lm th no nhn ra chng v tch ring chng ra khi nhau. b. Lm th no tch ring Fe2O3 ra khi qung. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 14. (Khi A - 2002). Trnh by phng php tch: a. Fe2O3 ra khi hn hp Fe2O3, Al2O3, SiO2 dng bt. b. Ag ra khi hn hp Ag, Cu, Fe dng bt.
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Vi mi trng hp ch dng duy nht mt dung dch cha mt ho cht v lng oxit hoc kim loi cn tch vn gi nguyn khi lng ban u. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v ghi r iu kin. 15. Mt hn hp gm 3 oxit: BaO, CaO, MgO. Vit phng trnh phn ng tch ring tng oxit ra khi hn hp trn. 16. Mt hn hp gm Al2O3, CuO, Fe2O3. Bng phng php ha hc hy tch ring tng cht trong hn hp. 17. Trnh by phng php tch: BaO, MgCO3, Al2O3, CuO ra khi hn hp ca chng. 18. Bng phng php ha hc hy tch ring tng cht trong hn hp Al2O3, MgO v Fe2O3 vi iu kin khng lm thay i lng mi cht c trong hn hp. 19. C mt dung dch cha: MgCl2, AlCl3, KCl. Bng phng php ho hc, hy tch ring tng cht ra khi dung dch di dng tinh khit. 20. C hn hp cha 3 mui: AlCl3, FeCl2, BaCl2. Hy trnh by phng php ho hc tch ring chng ra khi hn hp . 21. Mt loi mui n b ln cc tp cht l: Na2SO4, NaBr, MgCl2, CaCl2, CaSO4. Hy trnh by phng php ho hc thu c NaCl tinh khit. 22. Hy tch ring mi cht ra khi hn hp cc cht sau: AlCl3, CuCl2, NaCl m khng lm thay i khi lng ca mi cht. 23. Bng phng php ho hc, tch ring tng dung dch ra khi dung dch cha 4 cht sau: Al(NO3)3, Zn(NO3)2, NaNO3, Mg(NO3)2. 24. Lm th no loi c H2SO4 c ln trong dung dch HNO3. Lm th no loi c HCl c ln trong dung dch HNO3. 25. Hy trnh by phng php ho hc tch ring cc kim loi ra khi hn hp cc mui sau: a. AgNO3 v Pb(NO3)2. b. AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. c. AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2 v Pb(NO3)2.
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26. C dung dch FeSO4 ln tp cht CuSO4. Lm th no loi b tp cht bng phng php ha hc. 27. C hn hp A gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch gm Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 lc u cho n khi phn ng xong thu c hn hp cht rn C gm ba kim loi v dung dch D gm 2 mui. Hy trnh by cch tch tng kim loi trong hn hp C v tng mui ra khi dung dch D. 28. Tch cc dung dch mui t hn hp cc cht sau: NaCl, MgCl2, AlCl3, NH4Cl. 29. Nu phng php tch ring tng mui ra khi dung dch gm 3 mui MgSO4, NiSO4, CuSO4. 30. Trnh by cch tch ring tng cht ra khi hn hp NaCl, CaCl2 v CaO. 31. Cho hn hp cc mui: KCl, MgCl2, BaCO3, BaSO4, hy t rnh by cch tch ring tng cht ra khi hn hp. 32. a. C mt bnh ng cc dung dch mui: NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3, lm th no tch c cc mui trn di dng mui tinh khit. b. Trong mt bnh cha cc dung dch mui: NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2, NH4HCO3. Lm th no tch ring cc dung dch mui trn ra khi nhau. 33. Tch cc cht ra khi hn hp rn: NH4Cl, BaCl2, MgCl2. 34. Mt hn hp rn gm NaOH; NaCl; BaSO4. Hy nu phng php tch hn hp ny thnh cc cht nguyn cht. (CSPB Giang-98) 35. Bng phng php ho hc hy tch ring SO2 ra khi hn hp gm: SO2, SO3, O2. 36. Nit b ln cc tp cht l: H2Ohi, CO2, CO, O2. Lm th no c N2 tinh khit. 37. a. Trong phng th nghim, bng phng php no c th tch c kh N2 v kh CO2 ra khi hn hp kh N2, O2, CO, CO2, hi nc.
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b. Lm th no tch ring SO2 v CO2 ra khi hn hp ca chng. 38. Trong phng th nghim thng iu ch CO2 t CaCO3 v dung dch HCl, do kh CO2 b ln mt t kh hiroclorua v hi nc. Lm th no thu c kh CO2 hon ton tinh khit. 39. Nu cch tch cc cht sau ra khi hn hp: a. Cl2 c ln N2 v H2. b. Cl2 c ln CO2. 14. iu ch cc cht v c I. iu ch kim loi 1. Nguyn tc chung iu ch cc kim loi? T nguyn tc ngi ta dng nhng phng php no iu ch cc kim loi thng dng? Ly v d minh ho v phm vi ng dng ca mi phng php. Vn dng cc phng php trn hy cho bit bng cch no c th thu c kim loi t cc cht sau: a. Ca t CaCO3. b. Fe t Fe3O4. c. Cu t CuSO4. d. Ag t AgNO3. d. Na t NaCl. e. Mg t Mg(NO3)2. 2. C dung dch CuCl2, trnh by vic iu ch Cu t dung dch trn theo 3 phng php khc nhau. (C Kinh t ti chnh 98) 3. Cho cc oxit sau y: CaO ; Fe2O3; Al2O3 ; CuO. Bng phng php no c th iu ch c cc oxit trn t kim loi. Ngc li, t cc oxit trn bng cch no c th iu ch c cc kim loi tng ng. 4. T Cu(OH)2 ; MgO ; FeS2 hy iu ch cc kim loi tng ng bng mt phng php thch hp. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (H Thu li - 98) 5. T MgCO3 ; Na2SO4 ; Cu2S lm th no iu ch c cc kim loi Mg, Na, Cu.
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6. T ngun nguyn liu chnh l FeS2, qung Bxit (Al2O3 c ln Fe2O3), khng kh, than , H2O v NaOH, cc cht xc tc v iu kin cn thit c . Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch : Fe, Al2(SO4)3. 7. Ch t nguyn liu ban u l: FeS, C, O2, H2O v cht xc tc l V2O5, vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch cc mui st sunfat, st sunfua v st kim loi. 8. Trnh by phng php iu ch Ca v Mg ring bit t qung dolomit (MgCO3.CaCO3). 9. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch Mg nguyn cht t hn hp cc oxit: BaO, MgO, Al2O3. 10. Trnh by cch iu ch Al tinh khit t hn hp: MgO, FeO, Al2O3 (H Y Thi Bnh - 1998) 11. T hn hp KCl, AlCl3, CuCl2 v iu kin thch hp hy vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch 3 kim loi K, Cu, Al dng tinh khit. 12. Hy iu ch tng kim loi t dung dch cha hn hp gm: KCl, MgCl2, BaCl2 sao cho khi lng ca tng kim loi khng thay i so vi lc ban u. 13. T hn hp gm BaCO3, MgCO3, Al2O3, CuO hy iu ch tng kim loi dng tinh khit ring bit, sao cho khi lng ca mi kim loi khng thay i so vi ban u. 14. Cho hn hp gm cc cht: K2O, BaO, Al2O3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ho hc iu ch K, Ba, Al t hn hp trn sao cho khi lng ca tng kim loi khng thay i so vi lc u. (H Giao thng - 1998) 15. Mt hn hp gm MgCO3, K2CO3, BaCO3. Nu phng php iu ch 3 kim loi ring bit. 16. Trnh by phng php iu ch cc kim loi ring bit t hn hp gm CuS, FeS2, Al2O3, MgCO3. 17. T hn hp cha CuO, CaCO3, Fe2O3, Al2O3 c php s dng dung dch HCl, Fe, Al, nhit v cc dng c th nghim. Hy trnh by 3 phng php iu ch Cu nguyn cht.
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18. Trnh by cch iu ch tng kim loi c trong hn hp FeS2, CuS. 19. Nu 3 phng php khc nhau iu ch Cu t dung dch cha 3 mui l CuCl2, NaCl v AlCl3. 20. Hn hp A gm Na2CO3, MgCO3, BaCO3, FeCO3. Ch dng dung dch HCl v cc phng tin cn thit, trnh by cc iu ch tng kim loi t hn hp trn. 21. Mt hn hp gm CuO, Fe2O3. Ch dng thm dung dch HCl v bt Al, nu 3 cch iu ch Cu kim loi. II. iu ch cc hp cht ca kim loi, phi kim 1. Vit cc phn ng to thnh FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. 2. Trnh by 3 phng php khc nhau iu ch Fe2O3. 3. T qung olomit iu ch MgO, t phn chua iu ch Al2O3. 4. T nhng cht ban u l Fe, CaO, HNO3 v H2O hy la chn phng php thch hp iu ch: Fe2O3, dung dch NH4NO3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v ghi r iu kin ca phn ng. 5. a. Vit 2 phng trnh phn ng iu ch NaOH t mui NaCl v t mui Na2CO3. b. Hy vit 3 phng trnh phn ng iu ch trc tip FeSO4 t Fe kim loi. 6. Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch: Na2S t FeS, NaCl, H2O; AlCl3 t Al v MgCl2. c php dng thm cc iu kin cn thit, nhng khng dng thm ho cht khc. 7. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch Clorua vi t: a. CaCl2 v H2O b. CaCO3, NaCl v H2O. 8. Bng cch no c th iu ch: a. Ca(OH)2 t Ca(NO3)2. b. CaCO3 tinh khit t vi gm CaCO3 c ln MgCO3 v SiO2 9. Cho cc ho cht: Cu, HCl, KOH, Hg(NO3)2 v H2O. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch CuCl2 tinh khit.
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10. T NaCl, CaCO3, H2O bng cch no c th iu ch c: NaHCO3, CaCl2, Ca(ClO)2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 11. T vi, nc, mui n v khng kh, hy vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch cc cht sau: dung dch HCl, xda, Ca kim loi. 12. T vi, nc, mui n, khng kh v cht xc tc thch hp vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch cc ho cht sau: Na, Cl2, H2, nc Javen, clorua vi, Na2CO3, NH4NO3. 13. T bt nhm, dung dch NaCl, bt Fe2O3 v cc iu kin cn thit khc, vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch; Al(OH)3, NaAlO2, FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(OH)3. 14. T NaCl, FeS2, H2O, khng kh v cc iu kin cn thit, vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch cc cht sau: Na2SO3, FeCl2, Fe2(SO4)3, NH4NO3. 15. Ch t nguyn liu ban u l Al, Fe2O3, dung dch KCl v cc iu kin cn thit khc, vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch Al(OH)3, KAlO2, FeCl2, FeCl3. 16. T mui n, khng kh, nc, pirit st v cc iu kin cn thit hy vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch cc cht sau: Fe, FeCl2, FeSO4, NaNO3, NH4NO3. 17. Ngi ta sn xut Supephotphat n v Superphotphat kp t FeS2 v Apatit c thnh phn chnh l Ca3(PO4)2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 18. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch HNO3 t NH3 ; iu ch H2SO4 t qung Pirit St. 19. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng trc tip to thnh cc oxit ca Nit: N2O5; NO ; N2O ; NO2. 20. Trnh by cc phng php c th dng iu ch cc kh sau y: Cl2, CO2 ; SO2 ; H2S ; NO2. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 21. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch axit t cc mui sau: NaCl, FeS, NaNO3, Ca3(PO4)2. 22. Cho cc cht sau y: KOH, Al, (NH4)2SO4, CaCO3, NaHSO4, H2SO4, NaCl, v FeS. T cc cht trn c th iu ch c nhng kh g? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
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23. T cc cht FeS, Zn, MnO2, (NH4)2CO3, Cu v cc dung dch HCl, NaOH, HNO3. Bng phn ng trc tip gia chng c th iu ch c nhng kh g? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 24. Ch t Na2CO3, (NH4)2CO3, Al, MnO2 v cc dung dch KOH, HCl c th iu ch c nhng kh g ? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch cc kh .
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15. Hon thnh s phn ng ha v c 1. HQG TPHCM 2000 -2001 Cl 2 O2 A NaOH to G A B C D E F A H2O H2O to Cho bit A l kim loi thng dng vi s oxi ha thng gp l +2 v +3. 2. HSP TPHCM 2001-2002 FeCl3 to R (X2) n R (X1) n (X3) H2 to X Mui X Fe(NO3)2 H2O Hn h p kh (X5) dd (X4) 6. Hc vin Qun y 1999-2000
(2) Fe O3 (1) Fe3 O4 FeO 2 (3)
(4) FeCl 2 (6) 2 (11) Fe Fe Fe(OH) [ (5) (9) FeCl (7) Fe(NO3 ) (8) Fe(OH) (10) Fe 3 O 3 3 3 2 8. FeS2 Fe2O3 Fe FeCl 2 FeCl3 FeCl 2 Fe(OH)2 Cu CuCl2 FeCl3 Fe Fe2 (SO4 )3 Fe(OH)3 (H M C - 99) 9. H Ngoi thng (pha Nam) 2000-2001 (CO2 + H2O) ? A B OH Al dung d A ch dung d B1 ch 10. H Y - Dc TPHCM 2001-2002 to (G) + NaOH (H) +(I) FeS2 + O2 (A) +(B)
(A) + H2S (C) +(D)

t (C) + (E) (F)
o
(H) + O2 + (D) (J )
t (J ) (B) + (D)
o o
t (F) + HCl (G) + H2S (B) + (L) (E) + (D) 11. H Thi Nguyn 2001-2002 O2 O2 H2O to Cu to A 1 N 2 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 3 3000o C
12. (Khi A 2003 - 2004). Cho M l mt kim loi. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng theo dy bin ha sau:
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+HCl
+ +Z X
M
+NaOH +Z
o t
pnc
C +Y +Z 13. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng trong dy bin ho sau: (1) (2) (3) (4) Al Al(NO3 )3 Al2O3 Al Ba(AlO2 )2 (5) (8) (7) (6) Al AlCl3 Al(OH)3 NaAlO2 (H M a cht - 98) 14. Hon thnh s phn ng: A B C CaCO3 CaCO3 CaCO3 E D F
15. Xc nh cc ch ci A, B, C, D ... v vit cc phng trnh phn ng: Al + NaOH + H2O (B) + (C) (B) + (E) + (D) (F) + NaHCO3
t (F) (G) + (D)
o
(A) (G) + (K) +(L) (G) (A) + (K) Al + (M) (A) + (N) (khkhng m dha n u u) (G)+ (M) (A)+ (D) 16. Vit cng thc phn t ca cc cht ng vi cc k hiu X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 v hon thnh cc phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng sau: pmnx X 1 + H2O X 2 + X 3 + H2 X 2 + X 4 BaCO3 + K 2CO3 + H2O
t X 2 + X 3 X 1 + KClO3 + H2O
o
X 4 + X 5 BaSO4 +CO2 + H2O (Khi B - 2006) 17. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng theo s sau:
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(A) + (B) (C) + (D) + (E) (C) + NaOH (F) + Na2SO4 (D) + KOH (G) +(H) (C) + KMnO4 + (B) (D) + MnSO4 + (H) + (E) (G) + (I) (K) + (E) (F) + O2 + (E) (G) (D) + KI (C) + (H) + I 2 (C) + Al (M) + (L) (L) + (I) (N) + H2 (N) + Cl 2 (K) 18. H Dc H Ni 2001 - 2002 X 1 + X 2 Fe2 (SO4 )3 + FeCl 3 X 3 + X 4 Ca3 (PO4 )2 + H2O X 5 + X 6 ZnSO4 + NO2 + H2O AlCl3 + X 7 Al(OH)3 + KCl + CO2 19. H Thu li 2001 - 2002 Na+ (B) + H2O (D) + (E) + H2 (A) + (B) (D) + (E)
t D (F) + H2O
o
(B) + Ba(NO3 )2 BaSO4 +(G) 20. H Hng Hi 2001 - 2002 CO2 HCl NaOH O2 Al B C D E A Al o
t
21. Hon thnh s phn ng theo s :
NH3
to , p
CO2
H2SO4
A1
H2O
A2
A3 (kh ) A4 (kh )
NaOH
Bit phn t A1 gm C, H, O, N c t l khi lng tng ng l 3 : 1 : 4 : 7 v c khi lng phn t nh hn benzen.

165
22.
H2O HNO3 HCl NaOH KhX dung d X Y KhX ch
nung Z D + H2O 23. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng: dd A Na2CO3 Fe(OH)3 + B + G (1) H2O NH3 (4) H D o (2) (5) t ,p
Fe2O3 A1 B1
D1
(3)
Fe3O4 A2 B2
D2 E2
H2SO4 (6) NaOH (7)
G (kh ) K (kh )
24. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng: M

(1) (2) (5)
E1
(3) (6)
A3 B3
(4)
D3 E3
M M
(7)
Cho bit A1 l oxit kim loi A c in tch ht nhn l 3,2.10-18 Culong, B1 l oxit phi kim c cu hnh electron lp v ngoi cng l 2s22p2. 25. H M C - 98 CaCO3 CaO CaC2 Ca(OH)2 Ca(OCl)2 CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 Ca(HCO3 )2 Ca(NO3 )2 Ca(NO2 )2 26. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng (Vi A, B, C, D l cc hp cht): Fe
(1) (2)
(3) (6)
B
(7)
(4)
Fe2O3
(8) C D FeO 27. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng theo s : B (3)
Fe3O4
(5)
Zn
HCl (1)
dd A
(6) NaOH
dd NH3 (2)
dd A dd C dd D
HCl (8) (4)
(5) FeCl3
dd A
NaOH (7)
dd A
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16-Natri v hp cht 1-Tnh cht ho hc ca NaOH. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho. (CSP Ph Th -98) 2-Hy cho 2 phng php iu ch Na t 2 hp cht khc nhau ca natri? (HThu sn-99) 3-Trnh by cc phng php iu ch Na kim loi t Na2SO4 bng phng trnh phn ng ho hc. (H Dc HN2001tr97) 4-Tm 4 phng php khc nhau iu ch NaOH v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh iu ch ? (HThu sn-99) 5-1)Trnh by nguyn tc ca phng php amoniac iu ch Na2CO3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho. (HDLng -98-HQGHN-CB99) 2) Bt mn NaHCO3 c dng lm cht dp tt la dng kh. Nu thay bng soa (Na2CO3) c c khng? Ti sao? (16-30 tr228-2400Btp) 6-Ch c cc cht sau: NaCl; H2O; CO2 v NH3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch Na2CO3. (Khng c dng phng php in phn). (CSP Ph Th -98) 7-Mt hn hp rn gm NaOH; NaCl; BaSO4. Hy nu phng php tch hn hp ny thnh cc cht nguyn cht. (CSPB Giang-98) 8-T hn hp Na2CO3, CaCO3 lm th no iu ch c NaOH, Ca(OH)2 tinh khit! (H M a cht-98) 9- A, B, C l ba hp cht ca cng mt kim loi c kh nng nhum mu ngn la thnh vng. Mt khc, dung dch A, dung dch C lm xanh qu tm; A tc dng vi B c C; un nng dung dch B c kh D. Cho D tc dng vi
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dung dch C c B. Cho D tc dng vi A tu iu kin c th to thnh B hoc C hoc c B v C. a. Lp lun xc nh A, B, C l nhng hp cht g? b. Tm iu kin khng nh khi no D tc dng vi A c B? c C? c c B v C. 10-Vit cc phng trnh phn ng theo s chuyn ho hai chiu sau y: NaHCO3 Na2CO3
NaOH
(HCon-99)
168
17-Canxi v hp cht 1-B tc chui phn ng v A vit cc phng trnh phn ng (mi mi tn l mt phn to ng): Cho bit B l kh dng E F np cho cc bnh cha B la (dp tt la., A l khong sn ph bin thng dng NaOH NaOH sn xut vi sng. (HQG TPHCM-t 3NaOH 98) C
HCl
2-Cho hn hp BaCO3, (NH4)2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v kh thot ra. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, d thu c dung dch B v kt ta. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c dung dch C v kh. Vit phng trnh phn ng di dng phn t v ion thu gn. (H An ninh-98) 3-Cho hn hp khng kh v hi nc i qua than nung nng th thu c hn hp kh A. Cho A tc dng vi mt lng d hn hp CuO v Fe3O4 nung nng th to thnh hn hp kh B. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch nc vi trong th to thnh m1 gam kt ta. Lc tch kt ta. un nng nc lc cho n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th li thu c mt lng kt ta l m2 gam. -Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v cho bit A, B gm nhng kh g? -Lng kt ta cc i c th thu c l bao nhiu (theo m1 v m2)? (HSPHN2-2001tr194) 4-Cho s bin ho: +B +F A C +D E CaCO3 CaCO3 +Z P +X Q +Y R CaCO3
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Hy tm cc cht ng vi cc ch ci A, B, C, D, E, F, P, Q, R, X, Y, Z bit rng chng l nhng cht khc nhau. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. (CSP K thut1-98) 5-Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho Clo tc dng vi dung dch NaOH long, ngui v vi sa vi. Nu ng dng ca cc sn phm thu c. (H Cn Th-98) 6-Hy k 4 loi hp cht (tn v cng thc. c sn trong t nhin ca Canxi. (HDL ng -98) 7-Gii thch s hnh thnh thch nh trong cc hang ng vi. (HYHN2001tr104) 8-a. Th no l nc cng? Nc mm? b. Th no l cng tm thi? cng vnh cu? c. C th dng ho cht no loi cng tm thi ln cng vnh cu? Vit phng trnh dng phn t v dng ion minh ho. (C TCKT-98) 9-Nc cng l g? Th no l cng tm thi, cng vnh cu? Cch lm mm nc? (H Hu-99) 10-Nc cng l g? Gii thch nguyn nhn gy ra cng tm thi trong nc t nhin? (H Y H Ni -99) 11-1. Th no l nc cng? 2.C 4 cc cha ring bit: Nc nguyn cht, nc cng tm thi, nc cng vnh cu, nc cng ton phn. Bng phng php ho hc hy xc nh loi nc no cha trong mi cc? (H Cn Th-99) 12-Hy gii thiu mt phng php n gin lm mm nc cng tm thi v 2 ho cht thng dng lm mm nc cng vnh cu. Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho. (H M BCHCM-99) 13-Nc cng l g? Phn loi cng ca nc? Nu 2 phng php lm mt cng thm thi ca nc (khng lm
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thay i cng vnh cu). Vit cc phn ng xy ra. (Vin H M HN-99) 14-1) 2) C th dng dung dch no trong cc dung dch: HCl; NaOH; Na2CO3; NaCl lm gim cng ca nc trong cc ban u? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. (HYHN-99) 15-C cc cht sau: Ca(OH)2, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, HCl. Cht no c th lm mm nc cng tm thi. Gii thch v vit cc phng trnh phn ng. (HBKHN 2001tr3) 16-Cho hai kim loi dng bt ( ring bit) l Ba v Mg tc dng ln lt vi hai dung dch mui CuSO4 v NH4NO3. Nu hin tng v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (H Duy Tn-98)
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17-Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng trong dy bin ho sau: CaC Ca(OH) Ca(OCl) CaCl CaCO3 CaO 2 2 2 2 Ca(NO2)2
Ca(NO3)2
Ca(HCO3)2
CaCO3
(H M a cht-t 2-98)
Ca(OH)2
18-Tm 3 phng php khc nhau iu ch CaCO3, vit phng trnh phn ng. (HDLPhng ng-99) 19-Vit 6 phng trnh phn ng trc tip iu ch CaCl2 t canxi v cc hp cht ca canxi. (H Thng mi-99) 20-Vit phng trnh phn ng ca Ba(HCO3)2 vi cc dung dch HNO3, Ca(OH)2, Na2SO4 v NaHSO4 . (HBK-99) 21- Nu hin tng v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi: a. Cho Ba vo cc dung dch sau: St (II) sunfat, nhm nitrat. b. Cho Na vo cc dung dch sau: Amoni nitrat, st (III) sunfat. (H LutHN-99) 22-Cho kim loi bari (Ba) ln lt vo cc dung dch sau: CuSO4, (NH4)2SO4, NaHCO3, Al(NO3)3, FeCl2, NaOH. Nu hin tng xy ra v vit cc phng trnh phn ng. (CSPHN-99-H Lt-2001tr-210) 23-1) Trong mt loi , ngoi CaCO3 cn c MgCO3 v Al2O3. thu c magie, cho tan ht trong HCl, thm NaOH d vo dung dch thu c, lc ly kt ta em cho tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 d c cht t tan v dung dch B. T B ly ra magie sunfat. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. 2) Trong loi trn, khi lng nhm oxit bng 1/8 khi lng cc mui cacbonat. Khi nung 1200OC thu c sn phm rn c khi lng bng 6/10 khi lng trc khi nung. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca MgCO3 trong . Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. ( thi 1970-1985tr146- nm 1981)
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18-ng v hp cht 1-C dung dch CuCl2. Trnh by vic iu ch Cu t dung dch trn theo 3 phng php khc nhau. (C Ti chnh KT-98) 2-Hy nu ba phng php khc nhau iu ch Cu kim loi t dung dch cha 3 mui l: CuCl2 , NaCl v AlCl3 . Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho. (H Hu-98) 3-Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ca Cu, CuO vi H 2, dung dch H2SO4 long, dung dch H2SO4 c nng, dung dch AgNO3, dung dch HNO3 long. (HBK-CB99) 4-Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho Cu ln lt vo tng dung dch sau: Hn hp NaNO3 v HCl, AgNO3; FeCl3; HCl c O2 ho tan. (HGTVT-CB99) 5-Cho bt Fe vo dung dch CuSO4 th mu xanh trong dung dch nht dn, ngc li khi cho bt Cu v dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 khng mu tr thnh c mu xanh m dn. Gii thch cc hin tng xy ra. (HThu sn-CB99) 6-Cho mt lng Cu2S tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 un nng. Phn ng to thnh dung dch A1 v lm gii phng ra kh A2 khng mu, b ho nu trong khng kh. Chia A1 thnh 2 phn. Thm dung dch BaCl2 vo phn 1, thy to thnh kt ta trng A3 thc t khng tan trong axit d. Thm lng d dung dch NH3 vo phn 2, ng thi khuy u hn hp thu c dung dch A4 c mu xanh lam m. a. Hy ch ra A1, A2, A3, A4 l g? b. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng m t cc qu trnh ho hc va nu trn. (HQGHN-99) 7-Hy nu 2 phn ng trc tip v 2 phn ng gin tip iu ch CuCl2 t Cu kim loi. (H Nng-99) 8-Cho t t kh CO i qua ng s ng CuO nung nng. Kh A ra khi ng c hp th hon ton vo nc vi trong ly d, thu c kt ta B. Cho cht rn cn li trong ng s vo cc ng HNO3 long d, thu c kh NO v dung dch C. Cho xt d vo dung dch C, thu c kt ta D. Nung D ti khi lng khng i, c cht rn E. Xc
173
nh A, B, C, D, E v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.(HXD-99) 9-Xc nh cng thc phn t ca oxit CuxOy, bit t l khi lng gia Cu v O trong oxit l 4 : 1. Vit phn ng iu ch Cu v CuSO4 t CuxOy (cc cht phn ng khc t chn). (HCN TThng-CB99) 10-Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau di dng phn t v ion thu gn: a. Cu + KNO3+ HCl ... b. Cu + HCl + O2 ... (HYTB2001tr122) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng trong qu trnh sn xut ng t qung CuFeS2. (HGTVT98-H Bkhoa HN-98) 11-Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng trong dy bin ho Cu(NO ) CuO Cu CuCl CuS sau: Cu(OH)
3 2 2 2
Cu
CuSO4
Na2CuO2 Cu(OH)2
[Cu(NH3)4]
2+
(H M a cht-98)
12-Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng theo s sau +NaOH, (mi mi tn ch mt phn+dd NH3 ng): o d D t (2) (5) +A C CuCl2 Cu (1) +NaOH +B CuSO4 (3) (4) (H Nng-98) 13-Hon thnh cc phn ng theo s (mi mi tn (1) (2) (3) mt phn ng): (4) Cu CuSO4 CuCl2 Cu(NO3 )2 Cu (H Nng98) 14-Hon thnh s sau: qu trnh (1) v (2) u thc hin bng CuSO4 (1) 3 phng php. (HThu sn(2) Cu 98)
174
15-Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho Cu kim loi vo cc dung dch sau: a. NaNO3 v H2SO4 c. HCl b. AgNO3 d. H2SO4 c nng (CSPHN-CB99) 16- Vit phng trnh phn ng (nu c) mi cht sau vi dung dch NH3. a/ AlCl3 ; b/ K2SO4; c/ CaC2 d/ CuCl2 (HNNIKA-99) 17-C mt loi ng ln mt t bc. Nu 3 cch iu ch mui Cu(NO3)2 tinh khit t loi ng trn. Vit phng trnh phn ng. (HDLVnLang-99) 18-Cu kim loi thng c ln mt t Ag. Lm th no iu ch c Cu(NO3)2 tinh khit t loi Cu ni trn. (CGTVT-99)
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19-Crom v hp cht (Chng trnh chuyn ban - Tham kho ) 1-Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho CrO, Cr2O3, CrO3 ln lt tc dng vi cc dung dch NaOH v HCl. (H C on-CB-98) 2-Hon thnh s phn ng: CrCl2 CrCl3 Cr(OH)3 NaCrO2 Cr Cr2O3
(HAn ninh-98-H Lut HN- CB -98) 3-Cho SO2 tc dng vi dung dch K2Cr2O7, khi c mt ca H2SO4 phn ng din ra theo s sau: Cr2O72 + SO2 + H+ Cr3+ + ... - Vit v cn bng phng trnh phn ng. - Nu thm dn dung dch NaOH vo hn hp sau phn ng cho n d th c hin tng g xy ra? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng; bit rng thc hin phn ng ngi ta dng rt d SO2 v H2SO4. (HSPHNi 2-CB-98) 4-Ngi ta c th iu ch kh N2 t phn ng nhit phn amoniicromat (NH4)2Cr2O7. Bit rng khi nhit phn 32g mui ny th thu c 20g cht rn. a. Tnh th tch kh N2 (ktc) c iu ch. b. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng nhit phn. (H Thuli-98) 5-Vit cc phng trnh phn ng chng t Cr(OH)3 l cht lng tnh. (H Y HN-1998) 6-So snh tnh cht ho hc ca Cr(OH)3 v Al(OH)3. (HVKTQS-98) 7- Bit CrO l oxit baz, Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh, CrO3 l oxit axit. Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc oxit trn vi HCl, vi NaOH. (H Thng mi-CB99) 8-Vit cc phng trnh phn ng chng t Cr(OH)3 lng tnh. (HNNIKA-CB99)- (HVQunY-CB99)
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9-Cho 16 gam mt mu X cha Cr2O3 c ln tp cht tr phn ng hon ton vi brom trong KOH m c. Ho tan sn phm vo nc ri lc b tp cht tr khng tan, c dung dch A. Cho dung dch BaCl2 d vo dung dch A c 50,6 gam kt ta. Tnh % khi lng Cr2O3 tinh khit trong mu X. Cho Cr = 52 ; O = 16 ; Ba = 137. (HNNIKA-99) 10-Vit phng trnh phn ng ca CrO3 vi H2O khi nhiu H2O v khi t H2O. (HVQunY-CB99) 11-Vit phn ng (nu c) ca tng cht CrO, Cr2O3 , CrO3 vi dung dch KOH, dung dch H2SO4 long. (H Lnghip-CB99) 12-Nu hin tng v vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho t t dung dch NaOH n d vo tng dung dch CrCl2 v CrCl3. (HNNI-99) 13-Hy d on v gii thch hin tng trong th nghim sau y: Thm tng git dung dch NaOH vo dung dch Cr2(SO4)3 cho n d. Thm vi git nc Br2, thm tip tng git H2SO4 n d. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. (Bu chnh VT-CB99) 14-Lm th no iu ch AlCl3 tinh khit t AlCl 3 b ln mt lng nh CrCl3 . (HSPHN2-CB99)
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1. Trong mt bnh kn cha y khng kh (c 20% th tch O2 v 80% th tch N2 ) cng vi 21,16 gam hn hp cht rn A gm MgCO3 v FeCO3. Nung bnh n phn ng hon ton c hn hp cht rn B v hn hp kh D. Ho tan B va ht 200 ml dung dch HNO3 nng 2,7M v thu c 0,01 mol kh NO. 1. Hy tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp A. 2. Tnh p sut ca kh trong bnh sau khi nung 136,5OC. Cho bit dung tch ca bnh l 10 lt v th tch cht rn khng ng k. (H M HN-98) 2. Trong cng nghip HNO3 c iu ch theo s : NH3 NO NO2 HNO3. 1. Nu ly 17 kg NH3 th iu ch c bao nhiu lt dung dch HNO3 46,85% ( d = 1,29 gam/ml), bit hiu sut ca qu trnh iu ch l 90%. 2. Nu ly a gam dung dch HNO3 trn, thm nc c 1,9 lt dung dch HNO3 long (dung dch D.. Nu cho 13,5 gam Al tc dng va vi 1,9 lt dung dch D thu c hn hp kh gm NO v N2O c t khi so vi H2 bng 19,2. a. Tnh s mol mi kh thu c. b. Tnh nng mol/lt ca HNO3 trong dung dch D. c. Tnh a. (HYHN-98) 3. Cho mt bnh kn dung tch 112 lt trong cha N2 v H2 theo t l th tch 1: 4 0OC v p sut 200 atm vi mt t cht xc tc thch hp. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian, sau a nhit v 0OC thy p sut trong bnh gim i 10% so vi p sut ban u. 1. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng iu ch NH3. 2. Nu ly 12% lng NH3 to thnh c th iu ch c bao nhiu lt dung dch NH3 25% (d = 0,907 g/ml)?
20-bi ton cht kh phn ng nhit phn
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3. Nu ly 50% lng NH3 to thnh c th iu ch c bao nhiu lt dung dch HNO3 67% (d = 1,40 g/ml), bit hiu sut qu trnh iu ch HNO3 l 80%. 4. Ly mt th tch dung dch HNO3 67% trn pha long bng nc c dung dch mi, dung dch ny ho tan va 9 gam Al v gii phng hn hp kh NO v N2O c t khi so vi H2 l 16,75. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 67% dng. (H DcHN-99) 4. Mt hn hp X gm V (lt) O2, 2,5V (lt) hn hp gm N2 v H2. t chy X ri a v iu kin nhit v p sut ban u ca X th th tch hn hp kh cn li l 0,5V (lt). Gi s ch c phn ng gia H2 v O2, lng hi nc cn li khng ng k. Tnh xem th tch H2 ban u chim khong bao nhiu (lt). (H Hng hi MN-99) 5. Cho mt th tch khng kh (cha 20% oxi v 80% nit v th tch) cn thit i qua bt than t nng, thu c kh than A ch cha cacbon oxit v nit. Trn kh than ny vi mt lng khng kh gp 2 ln lng cn thit t chy cacbon oxit, ta c hn hp kh B. t chy hn hp kh B, thu c hn hp kh C trong nit chim 79,21% v th tch. 1. Tnh hiu sut phn ng t chy cacbon oxit. 2. Tnh nhit lng to ra khi t chy 1,5 m3 kh B (o ktc., bit rng lng nhit to ra khi t chy hon ton1 mol cabon oxit l 284,24 kJ. 3. Tnh % th tch ca cc kh trong hn hp C. 4. Tnh t khi ca hn hp kh C so vi kh than A. (H Dc HN-2000tr155) 6. Nhit phn hon ton 29,78 gam hn hp gm 2 mui Al(NO3)3 v AgNO3 ngi ta thu c 8,4 lt hn hp kh ( ktc. v cht rn A gm mt oxit kim loi v mt kim loi. 1/ Tnh phn trm khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u. 2/ Tnh khi lng dung dch NaOH 4M (d = 1,15 g/ml) c th ho tan ti a lng cht rn trong A. (CSPBcGiang-99)
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7. Cho 8,32 gam hn hp A gm FeCO 3 v MgCO3 vo bnh kn dung tch 1,2 lt cha khng kh (c t l VO2 : VN2 = 1 : 4 ) 292,5OK v 1atm. Nung bnh n nhit cao phn ng xy ra hon ton ta thu c hn hp cht rn B v hn hp kh C, sau a bnh v nhit ban u th p sut trong bnh l P. Lng hn hp cht rn B phn ng va vi HNO3 c trong 250 gam dung dch HNO 3 5,376% thu c dung dch D v kh NO. 1. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong A. 2. Tnh % th tch cc kh trong C. 3. Tnh P. 4. Tnh lng mui to thnh trong dung dch D v th tch kh NO (o ktc). (H Nng t 2-99) 8. Mt mui cacbonat (A. ca kim loi M ho tr n, trong M chim 48,28% theo khi lng. Cho 58 gam A vo bnh kn cha mt lng O2 va phn ng ht vi A khi un nng. Sau phn ng, cht rn thu c gm Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 c khi lng l 39,2 gam. 1. Tm cng thc ca A. 2. Hi sau khi phn ng xong, p sut trong bnh tng thm bao nhiu % so vi ban u cng iu kin. 3. Nu ly lng cht rn thu c sau khi nung cho tan ht trong HNO3 c nng c kh NO2 duy nht; trn NO2 vi 0,0175mol O2 ri cho hp th hon ton vo H2O th thu c 9 lt dung dch B. Tnh pH ca dung dch B. (HNT 2001) 9. Cho 5,22 gam mt mui cacbonat kim loi (hp cht X) tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 . Phn ng lm gii phng ra hn hp kh gm 0,336 lt kh NO v x lt kh CO2. Cc th tch kh u c o iu kin tiu chun. a. Hy xc nh mui cacbonat kim loi v tnh th tch kh CO2 (x). b. Cho a gam hn hp gm FeS2 v hp cht X trn vi s mol bng nhau vo mt bnh kn cha lng d oxi. p sut trong bnh l p1 at. un nng bnh phn ng xy ra
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hon ton ri a bnh v nhit ban u, p sut kh trong bnh lc ny l p2 at, khi lng cht rn thu c l b gam. Bit rng th tch cht rn trong bnh trc v sau phn ng l khng ng k. Hy xc nh cc t s p1/p2 v a/b. (HQGHN-99) 10. Mt hn hp D gm (KMnO4 + mui M). Trong M c 31,84% kali; 28,99% clo; 39,18% oxi. Nung khng hon ton D c hn hp A; A tc dng vi axit A1 to ra kh B; B phn ng vi B1 to ra clorua vi; clorua vi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to ra kh B. Mt khc, khi cho dy st nung nng chy trong kh B to ra cht rn B2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng, bit rng B l kh thu c khi in phn dung dch NaCl. (H Ngoi Thng-Pha Bc-98) 11. Nung nng 18,56 gam hn hp A gm FeCO3 v mt oxit st FexOy trong khng kh n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh CO2 v 16 gam cht rn l mt oxit duy nht ca st. Cho kh CO2 hp th ht vo 400 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,15M, thu c 7,88 gam kt ta. 1. Xc nh cng thc ca FexOy. 2. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M t nht phi dng ho tan hon ton 18,56 gam hn hp A. (HDL ng -2001) 12-Nung 9,4 gam mui M(NO3)n trong bnh kn c V = 0,5 lt cha kh N2. Nhit v p sut trong bnh trc khi nung l 0,984 atm v 27OC. Sau khi nung mui b nhit phn ht cn li 4 gam oxit M2On , a v 27OC p sut trong bnh l p. 1. Tnh nguyn t khi ca M v p sut p. 2. Ly 1/10 lng kh thu c cho hp th hon ton vo nc thnh 0,25 lt dung dch A. a. Tnh pH ca dung dch A. b. Dung dch A c th phn ng ti a vi bao nhiu gam M2O v bao nhiu lt kh NO c to thnh (ktc)? (bit rng phn ng to ra ion M2+)
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3. T gi tr v nguyn t khi ca mt nguyn t c th xc nh c v tr ca nguyn t trong bng h thng tun hon khng? V sao? Cho: Ag = 108; N = 14; O = 16; C = 12; H = 1; 64 Cu ; 64Zn ; 64Ni . (H Ngoi thng-98) 13-Hn hp A gm hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi k tip nhau trong phn nhm chnh nhm II. Ho tan hon ton 3,6 gam hn hp A trong dung dch HCl, thu c kh B.Cho ton b lng kh B hp th ht bi 3 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,015M, thu c 4 gam kt ta. a. Hy xc nh hai mui cacbonat v tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi mui trong hn hp A. b. Cho 3,6 gam hn hp A v 6,96 gam FeCO3 vo bnh kn dung tch 3 lt (gi s th tch cht rn khng ng k v dung tch bnh khng i). Bm khng kh (cha 20% oxi, 80% nit theo th tch) vo bnh nhit 19,5OC, p sut 1atm. Nung bnh nhit cao cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, ri a v nhit 19,5OC, p sut trong bnh l P. Hy tnh P. c. Hy tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M t nht phi dng ho tan hon ton hn hp cht rn sau khi nung. (H Thi Nguyn 2001)
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Bi tp tng hp Ha i cng - v c

1-Cu hnh electron- V tr Tnh cht ho hc c trng

(6) (3) (4)

Cn bng phng trnh phn ng oxi ho - kh:

H2O i. Cr2O72- + H+ Cr3+ + H2O

H2O q. Al + OH- AlO2- + H2O r. Zn + OH- ZnO22- + H2O

d. CuS2 + HNO3 H2O H2

Cu(NO3)2 + H2SO4 + N2O +

e. Cu + HCl + NaNO3 CuCl2 + NaCl + NO +

K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 KNO3 +

c. Cl2 + 2KI I2 + 2KCl

b. NH4Cl + NaAlO2 + H2O

Cl2 + H2S ( dung dch) v

3-Cho cn bng sau y: Q.

8-Dy th in ho -n mn kim loi in Phn - M in

(A) + H2S (C) +(D)

21. Hon thnh s phn ng theo s :

Bit phn t A1 gm C, H, O, N c t l khi lng tng ng l 3 : 1 : 4 : 7 v c khi lng phn t nh hn benzen.

H2O HNO3 HCl NaOH KhX dung d X Y KhX ch

H2SO4 (6) NaOH (7)

24. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng: M

20-bi ton cht kh phn ng nhit phn

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