DBQ 1/1

Eva Natinsky DBQ 1 Revision

The Muslims in North Africa and India are both struggling with the idea of European influence over their countries and religion. The Nationalists are fighting for independence of their countries, and political leaders cannot agree whether or not to allow the British to influence their country, even after gaining independence. In document 1, Khan states that the Muslims need to imitate the British education system. He suggests that doing this does not mean that they are giving up Islam, but rather strengthening it. In document 4, Husayn says something similar when he tells his audience that even though Egypt is independent of England, if they want Egypt to be strong like the Europeans who defeated them in 1882, they need to accept ideas like European military training, so that Egypt can defend itself fully, without support from England. Husayn was an Egyptian Nationalist, so he wouldve fully supported complete independence from England, but he believed that Europe had made progress in areas like the military, which should be of the Muslims interest. Khan and Husayn imply that both Egypt and India can learn from Europe, so they can become strong like Europe, and also independent. In document 5, Zakaria states that he makes no distinctions between different peoples. His only enemies are people who incite division among others. Zakaria was an Algerian Nationalist, which means that he supported independence from France, even though he made this speech long before the Algerian war for independence happened. Some Algerian Nationalists fought for France in WWI, but Zakaria did not, and was actually imprisoned for his beliefs in 1938. He obviously had strong religious beliefs though, despite imprisonment, because he says that Muslims do not hate all races, and all men are made by God. He does not discriminate between races. One of his poems was put to music in 1957, and later became the Algerian national anthem. In document 6, Bella, who became 1st prime minister of Algeria after the country gained independence, says that when Islam and the Christian society work together, they can be very productive. Bella personally served in the French army in WWI after his brothers, but was part of the Algerian National Liberation Front. Like Zakaria, Bella was later imprisoned for his beliefs, but retained the belief that the Muslims relationship with the Christian world had provided great moments in Islams history. Both authors were imprisoned by the French for their beliefs, but they agreed that Europe could provide them with educational and other advances to help them improve their country [Algeria]. In document 2, Sayyid says that the traditional Islamic formula, which is that Islam is the fatherland of all Muslims, has simply become a colonialist countrys formula to influence more and more neighboring countries. He says that Muslims need to replace it with the doctrine of

DBQ 1/2

Nationalism. Sayyid urges that Egypt must become their fatherland, and that their fatherland become their quibla. In document 3, Azad says that there are two types of leaders, the Ulama, and the Modernists, and that both disregard religion. The Ulama concentrate solely on prejudice opinions and religious superstitions, but the Modernists are atheists, imitate western civilization, and have a great love of power. Abul Kalam added Azad to his name, which means free, possibly because he had been imprisoned several times by the British, and supported Indian independence. This also seems to influence his thoughts about the rest of Europe, because of the way he defines the Modernist leaders. Even though Azad and Sayyid are from different countries, they both agree that the Europeans dont have as much to offer as some say they do. They both speak as Nationalists, which goes back to Sayyids idea that Nationalism must replace the traditional Islamic formula, so as to guard against people like the Modernists who disregard important Muslim ideas. A document from another person in the Algerian National Liberation Front wouldve been helpful, to perhaps get an opinion that may differ from Ben Bellas. This would help to better understand that partys views. The people must agree to throw away this discord between Islam and western society. They must come to an agreement about whether or not Europe has made advances in education and military, and if Muslims can learn from them, so that both India and North Africa can prosper from new knowledge and technology. They must decide if, by accepting this knowledge, Muslims will be renouncing Islam, or if this knowledge will be honoring Islam by improving.