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Practice Exam 4A
Hints 1) As you read the question, underline or circle key words to highlight them for yourself. 2) Questions have only one correct answer. No partial credit will be given. 3) There is no penalty for guessing.
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
Notes: I. When listing reagents, a slash (/) is used between reagents that are employed simultaneously, and a semicolon (;) is used between reagents that are employed in a stepwise fashion. II. The stereochemistry conventions are illustrated below:
Br
Br
Br
Br
OH
No stereochemistry shown (all stereoisomers possible)
OH
Absolute stereochemistry shown
OH
Relative stereochemistry shown (racemic mixture)
OH
Absolute stereochemistry on one center, unspecified stereochemistry on the other
III. Abbreviations: Me = methyl, Et = ethyl, Pr = propyl, Bu = butyl, Pe = pentyl, Ph = phenyl (i.e. benzene as a substituent), AcO = acetate (H3CCOO), MCPBA = mchloroperbenzoic acid., TosO = TsO = tosylate
************************************************************************ 1. (4 pts) On Pluto, where everything is frozen, astronauts discovered two forms of 1,2dibromoethane: gauche and anti. Assuming that there are no rotations around single bonds, which statement about the two forms is correct? a) They are enantiomers. b) They are diastereoisomers. c) They are meso compounds. d) The gauche form has two stereogenic centers, and the anti has only one. e) Both will show optical activity. 2. (4 pts) What is the best description of the first organic intermediate formed when 2butyne reacts with HCl? a) allylic cation b) allylic anion c) chloronium ion d) vinylic cation e) vinylic anion
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
E: 50/50 mixture of C and D a) A, D, and E b) B, C, and D c) B, C, and E d) A and E only e) All except C
4. (4 pts) One of the two chair conformations of cis-1-chloro-3-methylcyclohexane is more stable than the other by 3.70 kcal/mol. What is the energy cost of 1,3-diaxial interaction between a chlorine and a methyl group? a) 3.95 kcal/mol b) 2.55 kcal/mol c) 2.80 kcal/mol d) 3.05 kcal/mol e) 4.85 kcal/mol f) 3.70 kcal/mol
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
5. (4 pts) Heating of 2-methylpropene in 60% sulfuric acid gives a mixture of 2,4,4trimethyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene. The best mechanism for these transformations is:
a)
b)
H+ H2O
-H+
OH
H2O
-H+
H OH
OH
H2O
H OH
H2O
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
c)
H+
H2 O
H2O
d)
H+
H H2O
H H2O
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
KMnO4/H excess
a) O OH O c) O O OH O O O O
b) O O O OH O d) H O O O O OH
7. (4 pts) Which radical is responsible for the observed selectivity in the chain reaction below?
Cl Cl-Br h Cl +
% yield
2%
98%
a) Cl
b) Br
c) H
d) 1o alkyl radical
e) 2o alkyl radical
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
and
I II
Cl
Cl
A B C
Cl
Cl
D
K H
H3C
H H
H3C
C K
a) b) c) d)
It will be almost completely shifted to the left. It will be almost completely shifted to the right. The equilibrium constant is very close to one. The equilibrium constant is zero.
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
Questions 10 and 11 refer to the following reaction: H3C H3C H H Br H O K OH CH3CH2 H3C D H
H D
a) SN1 b) SN2 c) E1
11. (4 pts) What happens to the reaction rate if the concentration of t-butoxide is doubled?
12. (4 pts) For the following multistep synthesis, which set of reagents would be more likely to give the desired product?
CH3CH2CH2C CH (i) (ii) (iii) OH OH CH3CH2CH2CH CHCH2CH3
a) b) c) d)
(i) HBr, (ii) O3 followed by Zn/H+, (iii) Li/NH3 (i) NaNH2/NH3 followed by CH3CH2I (ii) Lindlars catalyst/H2 (iii) OsO4 followed by NaHSO3 (i) H2/Pd/C (1 equivalent), (ii) NaNH2/NH3 followed by CH3CH2Br, (iii) KMnO4/ OH/H2O (i) HgSO4/H2O/H2SO4, (ii) Lindlars catalyst/H2, (iii) OsO4 followed by NaHSO3
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
What reagents could be used to carry out this synthesis? Step 1 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) HBr/ether Br2/CCl4 NBS/h NBS/DMSO/H2O a and b would work b and c would work c and d would work Step 2 NaNH2/NH3 NaOCH3/CH3OH NaOH, heat PBr3 followed by HCl
a) H3C Br CH3 H
b) Br H3C CH3 H
c) H3C H H CH3
d) H3C H CH3 H
e) H3C H3C Br H
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
15. (4 pts) Consider the changes in the UV absorption of butadiene as it undergoes rotation about the central bond as shown ( = angle of rotation). . rotate
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
16. (4 pts) Esterification (shown below) is a reaction converting a carboxylic acid to its ester. It involves only the carbonyl carbon. Esterification of (-)-lactic acid with methanol yields (+)-methyl lactate. Assuming that there are no side reactions, what is true about this reaction?
OH OCH3 O (+)
a) An SN2 process has occurred, inverting the absolute configuration of the chiral center. b) An SN1 reaction at the chiral center has inverted the optical rotation. c) A diastereomer has been produced; diastereomers have different physical properties, including optical rotation. d) Optical rotation is not directly related to absolute configuration, so the change in sign of rotation is merely a coincidence.
17. (4 pts) For the following series of reactions, what is the absolute configuration of the chiral centers in the major product(s)?
H3CC CH D2 Lindlar's catalyst Br2 CCl4 product(s)
a) 1S 2S b) 1R 2R c) 1R 2S
18. (4 pts) Which of the following statements about the reactivity-selectivity principle is correct?
a) Intermediates involved in exergonic reactions are more selective than the same intermediates involved in endergonic reactions. b) Intermediates involved in exergonic reactions have later transition states than the same intermediates involved in endergonic reactions. c) Intermediates involved in exergonic reactions are less reactive than the same intermediates involved in endergonic reactions. d) Intermediates involved in exergonic reactions are less selective than the same intermediates involved in endergonic reactions.
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
19. (4 pts) Which of the following heterocycles is not aromatic? Note that lone electron pairs are not shown explicitly.
a) b) N N N B B N N B c) N P P N N P As d)
20. (4 pts) Which is the best IUPAC name for the following structure?
a) b) c) d)
(1S, 3R)-1-t-butyl-3-methylcyclohexane (1S, 3S)- 1-t-butyl-3-methylcyclohexane trans- 1-t-butyl-3-methylcyclohexane (1R, 3R)- 1-t-butyl-3-methylcyclohexane
22-25 (2 points each) Which reaction in each pair shown below will show the faster rate of disappearance (consumption) of substrate (starting material)? 22. (2 pts)
a)
(CH3)3CBr
b)
(CH3)3CBr
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
23. (2 pts)
c)
Cl
CH3S
d)
Cl
(CH3)2CHS
24. (2 pts)
e)
Br
CN CN
f)
25. (2 pts)
g)
Br
H 2O
h)
Br
H 2O
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
26 and 27. (2 points each) When 2-bromo-2,3-dimethybutane reacts with any of the bases shown below under E2 conditions, two alkenes are produced: 2,3-dimethyl-1butene and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene.
CH3 a) CH3CH2O c) CH3CO -
CH3
CH2CH3
26. (2 pts) Which one of the bases shown above would produce the highest yield of 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene?
27. (2 pts) Which one of the bases shown above would produce the highest yield of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene?
28 and 29. (2 pts each) Fill in the blanks with one of the orbitals listed below to provide the best (most precise) meaning to the following two sentences. From Streitwieser, Heathcock, and Kosower, 4th edition: In an SN2 reaction the donor is the entering nucleophile whose HOMO is a ___28______. The acceptor is the organic substrate whose LUMO for the reaction is a ___29______ involving the leaving group. a) orbital b) * orbital c) orbital d) * orbital e) lone-pair orbital
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
30. (4 pts) Select the best method for preparation of the following compound:
OH CH 3
a) b) c) d) e)
react cyclohexanone with CH3Li react 1-methylcyclohexene with Hg(OAc)2 followed by NaBH4 react cyclohexene with BH3; NaOH/H2O2, followed by CH3Br react cyclohexene with MCPBA, followed by CH3MgBr react 1-methylcylohexene with KMnO4/NaOH
31. (4 pts) When 1,3,9-tribromo-9-methyl-5-decanol is treated with base it can form three cyclic ethers by an SN2 reaction. Which one will form fastest?
Br O Br Br O Br Br O Br
a)
b)
c)
32. (4 pts) Which is the best sequence of reactions for preparation of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid from benzene? a) b) c) d) e) 1. HNO3/H2SO4 1. CH3Br/AlCl3 1. CH3Br/AlCl3 1. HNO3/H2SO4 1. CH3Br/AlCl3 2. CH3Br/AlCl3 3. HNO3/H2SO4 4. KMnO4/H+ 2. HNO3/H2SO4 3. KMnO4/H+ 4. HNO3/H2SO4 2. KMnO4/H+ 3. HNO3/H2SO4 (excess) 2. CH3Br/AlCl3 3. KMnO4/H+ 4. HNO3/H2SO4 2. HNO3/H2SO4 (excess) 3. KMnO4/H+
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
33. (4 pts) Compound A was treated with a large excess of CH3MgBr. The resulting product was exposed to POCl3/pyridine to give compound B, as one of many products.
c) O
O O
d) O O
O O
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
34. (4 pts) Oxidation of 1o alcohols with CrO3/H2SO4/H2O/acetone produces carboxylic acids. Oxidation of 1o alcohols with pyridinium chlorochromate in a dry solvent (e.g., CH2Cl2) produces an aldehyde. Which of the following is true? a) The initial product of oxidation is always the carboxylic acid when using CrO3/H2SO4/H2O/acetone. b) The initially formed product of CrO3/H2SO4/H2O/acetone oxidation can undergo a second E2-like elimination of the chromate derived from the hydrated aldehyde. c) Pyridinium chlorochromate oxidations always stop at the aldehyde, regardless of conditions. d) Pyridinium chlorochromate in an anhydrous solvent prevents the aldehyde from forming the hydrate. Therefore, further oxidation cannot take place. e) a and c f) b and c g) b and d 35. (4 pts) Which of the following series of reactions is the best way to convert R-2pentanol to R-2-ethoxypentane? a) p-TosCl/pyridine; EtOH/NaOH b) p-TosCl/pyridine; PBr3/ether; NaOEt/EtOH c) PBr3/ether; NaOEt/DMSO d) EtOH/NaOH; HCl e) HBr; NaOEt/EtOH
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
Total Strain Energies in Cycloalkanes ring size kJ/mol kcal/mol 115 27.6 3 110 26.4 4 27 6.5 5 0 0 6 26 6.3 7 40 8.6 8
Energy Costs for Interactions in Alkane Conformers Interaction kJ/mole kcal/mole H-H eclipsed 4.0 1.0 H-CH3 eclipsed 6.0 1.4 CH3-CH3 eclipsed 11.0 2.6 CH3-CH3 gauche 3.8 0.9
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
F Cl Br I
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
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Chem 210
Practice Exam 4A
ANSWER KEY: 4A 1. B 4 pts 2. D 4 pts 3. A 4 pts 4. B 4 pts 5. C 4 pts 6. C 4 pts 7. B 4 pts 8. A 4 pts 9. A 4 pts 10. D 4 pts 11. C 4 pts 12. B 4 pts 13. F 4 pts 14. B 4 pts 15. C 4 pts 16. D 4 pts 17. E 4 pts 18. D 4 pts 19. C 4 pts 20. B 4 pts 21. A 4 pts 22. A 2 pts 23. C 2 pts 24. F 2 pts 25. G 2 pts 26. D 2 pts 27. A 2 pts 28. E 2 pts 29. B 2 pts 30. D 4 pts 31. B 4 pts 32. E 4 pts 33. B 4 pts 34. G 4 pts 35. C 4 pts
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