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CM NANG BO HIM TRONG KINH DOANH

(*) Hng dn s dng Cm nang: - Lu th nht, Cm nang ny ch dnh cho nhng ngi mi t nhng vin gch u tin cho mn Bo him trong kinh doanh. L do l v tc gi Cm nang ny cng mi ch bt u hc t 2 3 ngy trc. i vi nhng Master mn ny, c th Cm nang s khng c tc dng thm ch cn c kh nng gy phn ng ph :v. - Lu th 2, tt c kin thc trong Cm nang ny u c ht trong sch v ti liu tham kho, nhng c mnh tm lc v h thng li , v vy, cng khng dm chc l n thc s hiu qu vi tt c mi ngi. Thi th trong hon cnh nc si la bng th ny, hi vng Cm nang c th gip cc bn cm thy hoang mang hn. - Lu th 3, nhng phn kin thc c du (*) l phn kin thc quan trng v yu cu phi nh. (*) Ni dung Cm nang: Mt cu hi m chc cc bn ang t ra khi bt u n tp l Chng ta nn bt u t u trong 1 m kin thc hn n ny??? (no l cc iu kin bo him loi A, B, C, FPA, WA, AR, TLO, FOD ri n cc quy tc ca hi WOE, P&I, bla bla). Mt li khuyn l cc bn ng qu bn tm n lng kin thc lm g (v tt nhin ai cng bit mn ny l 1 mn rt kh, nm chc kin thc l iu khng h n gin). iu chng ta nn lm l xem xt, sp xp kin thc theo 1 h thng, khi nhc n 1 vn bt k, chng ta bit n ang ni v phn no.

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Cng phi ni thm rng Bo him l mt mn hc kh th v v thit thc (nhng c l do tm l st ngy thi nn c th cc bn cha n s th v ), nhng khi hc mn ny nu khng cn thn th s rt d b tu ha nhp ma. Quay tr v vi chuyn n thi :>, vi mn Bo him trong kinh doanh, chng ta cn dnh 50% cho phn Bo him hng hi (v y l phn quan trng nht) v 50% cho nhng phn cn li. Trong phm vi cm nang ny, t s cp tt c nhng g chng ta c hc trn lp, nhng s ch trng hn vo phn chng II Bo him hng hi. Sau y l nhng kin thc cn bn m chng ta cn nm vng:

I. TNG QUAN V BO HIM 1. nh ngha v bn cht Bo him ngha l nhn gip lc gp nguy him (ri ro). V vy, gia bo him v ri ro c mi quan h cht ch vi nhau. (*) Ri ro l nhng tai nn, tai ha, s c xy ra 1 cch bt ng, ngu nhin v c kh nng gy ra tn tht v ngi, ti sn, trch nhim. Tuy l hin tng xy ra 1 cch ngu nhin nhng chng ta hon ton c th c nhng bin php i ph vi chng. (*) 4 bin php chnh i ph vi ri ro: Trnh ri ro. VD: s tai nn th nh.
y khng phi l bin php hay v s gy tm l lo s v nu c lo s mi th

chng ta s chng lm c vic g. Ngn nga ri ro. VD: i m bo him gim nh thng tch khi gp tai nn.
y cng l bin php hay nhng li khng ngn nga c ht mi ri ro. Hong Chicharito

T khc phc ri ro. VD: d tr tin phng lc ri ro th dng. y cng khng phi bin php hiu qu v khng phi ai cng c tin d tr v c th gy ng vn. Chuyn nhng ri ro. y chnh l bin php i ph ri ro m chng ta s hc: bo him. y l bin php hiu qu nht i ph vi ri ro v khng gy ng vn, phm vi b p rng, b p c cho nhng ri ro mang tnh thm ha. (*) Bo him l 1 bin php i ph vi ri ro. Vy tm li, chng ta cn nh g v bo him???? - Tng quan v bo him, chng ta cn hc thuc nh ngha v cc khi nim lin quan ca n (trang 8 9 Sch GT). - V bn cht ca Bo him, c 14 ch vng cn nh: phn chia ri ro, chia nh tn tht, ly s ng b s t, th hin tnh tng tr ln nhau. 2. Cc nguyn tc v phn loi Bo him 2.1. Nguyn tc ca Bo him (*) Cc bn cn hiu v nh 5 nguyn tc chnh: Nguyn tc ch bo him ri ro ch khng bo him 1 s chc chn. Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i:

2 bn phi thc s tin tng ln nhau, khng la di nhau. Nu 1 bn vi phm


hp ng th hp ng s khng c hiu lc. Nguyn tc li ch bo him: y l 1 trong nhng nguyn tc quan trng nht. cp v nguyn tc ny th cc bn cn nh 2 iu kin sau: - Mun k hp ng bo him th phi c li ch bo him ( li ch v quyn li lin quan n i tng bo him).
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- Khi xy ra ri ro, mun c bi thng th phi c li ch bo him t i tng bo him ti thi im (VD: 1 anh k hp ng bo him cho ngi nh t thng 2, n thng 7 th bn li cho ngi khc. T8 nu xy ra ri ro vi ngi nh th anh ta khng c quyn i bi thng v anh ta khng cn li ch bo him t ngi nh). (*) Trng hp c bit, khi mua hng theo iu kin CIF, t sau thi im hng c xp ln tu ti cng i, quyn s hu hng ha c chuyn sang cho ngi mua (ng ngha vi vic ngi mua c li ch bo him t l hng), v vy nu ri ro xy ra th ngi mua c quyn i bi thng mc d anh ta khng k hp ng bo him. Nguyn tc bi thng: bi thng bng ng gi tr thc ca i tng bo him ti thi im xy ra tn tht. Nguyn tc th quyn: Sau khi bi thng cho ngi c bo him, ngi bo him c quyn thay mt ngi c bo him i bi thng t ngi th 3 c trch nhim. 2.2. Phn loi bo him (*) 4 tiu ch phn loi: Theo c ch bo him: Bo him X hi v Bo him Thng mi Theo tnh cht bo him: BH Nhn th v Phi nhn th Theo quy nh: BH bt buc v BH T nguyn Theo i tng bo him: BH ti sn, BH con ngi v BH trch nhim Kt lun: Trn y l nhng kin thc tng quan v bo him. Chng ta cn hiu v nh nhng ni dung chnh d dng hn cho vic nghin cu cc phn sau.

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II. BO HIM HNG HI Lu : y l chng quan trng nht trong mn hc nn mt yu cu bt buc l nm vng ton b kin thc cn bn. V nhng vn lin quan n bo him hng hi rt phc tp nn chng ta nn hc theo h thng gm 3 nghip v bo him: BH hng ha xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin (2) BH thn tu (3) BH trch nhim dn s (4) Ngoi ra cn nh nh ngha BHHH, cc loi ri ro v tn tht trong BHHH (1).

(1) BHHH, cc loi ri ro v tn tht trong BHHH (*) (1.1) nh ngha BHHH l bo him nhng ri ro lin quan n hnh trnh ng bin (c th trn b, trn sng hoc trn bin, min l c lin quan n hnh trnh), gy tn tht cho cc i tng bo him chuyn ch trn bin.

(*) (1.2) Ri ro trong BHHH Phn chia theo nghip v th ri ro BHHH bao gm 3 loi: Ri ro thng thng c bo him, ri ro phi bo him ring v ri ro loi tr. ng nhin l nu nh c ton b nhng ri ro ny l iu v cng ng qu :-j, nhng vi nhng ai khng c kin nhn hc th cn nh nhng iu sau:

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1.2.1 Ri ro thng thng c bo him: Ri ro thng thng c n hn 20 ri ro nhng chia thnh 4 ri ro chnh, cn li l ri ro ph nn cc bn ch cn nm chc 4 ri ro chnh v c qua v ri ro ph (n lc thy c bt k th cn c ci m ni). 4 ri ro chnh bao gm: - MC CN: L hin tng y tu st y bin hoc chm chng ngi vt lm tu khng th tip tc hnh trnh v phi c tr gip t bn ngoi. Nu v tu ch chm y v sau li tip tc hnh trnh nh bnh thng th ko c coi l mc cn (trng hp thy triu). - M: L trng hp tu b chm hn xung nc v khng th tip tc hnh trnh (ch , chm # m - trng hp tu chm nhng do ch hng nha nn sau li ni ln th khng c coi l m) - CHY, N: L trng hp xy ra phn ng ha hc c ta nhit v pht ra nh sng. Nhng chy phi n mc lm hnh trnh tu b gin on th mi c coi l ri ro c bo him (ch ch chy lm hng 1 ni hi nhng tu vn tip tc hnh trnh c th khng c tnh l ri ro c bo him). Bn bo him chp nhn bi thng ri ro chy, n do nguyn nhn khch quan (st nh, s sut ca con ngi gy ra) d la to hay nh. ng thi, bn bo him vn phi chu trch nhim bi thng trong trng hp chy do hon cnh chnh ng (c t chy khi b bt, hoc tiu hy trnh dch bnh). Trng hp hng t bc chy th s khng c bo him, tuy nhin hng b chy lan sang li c bn bo him bi thng. - M VA: l hin tng phng tin vn chuyn m hoc va chm vi vt th chuyn ng hay c nh khc (tr nc). Trng hp m va vo bng vn thuc phm vi bo him ca bn bo him. Tuy nhin c 1 iu lu l ti 1 s hp ng bo him ch quy nh ri ro m va l vic m hoc va vo tu khc. Ri ro tu m va tu l vn

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kh phc tp. V d: tu m va vo m neo ca tu hay b phn khc ca tu th cng c tnh l ri ro m va tu vi tu. Ngoi 4 ri ro chnh cn nm vng trn, chng ta cn k thm v 1 s ri ro ph cng kh quan trng trong phn ri ro thng thng c bo him: - MT TCH: l vic khng nhn c bt c tin tc g ca tu trong khong thi gian hp l ( Php, khong thi gian ny l 6 thng i vi hnh trnh thng thng v 12 thng cho hnh trnh xa. VN, khong thi gian = 3 ln hnh trnh nhng phi >= 3 thng) - Nm hng xung bin, trm cp, giao thiu hng, rch, v, cong vnh, hp hi, cp bin, mc cu,

1.2.2. Ri ro phi c bo him ring (2): - Chin tranh: + Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng khi ngha, phn lon hoc qun chng ni dy khi xy ra nhng bin c ny hoc do bt k hnh ng th ch no khc ca mt th lc tham chin hay chng li th lc . + Vic chim, bt gi, cm gi ti sn hoc kim ch (tr khi do cp bin v trong trng hp ang p dng iu kin "A") v hu qu hay bt k mu toan no pht sinh t nhng s vic ny. + Mn, thu li, bom hay nhng v kh chin tranh khc ang tri dt. - nh cng: + Do nhng ngi nh cng hay cng nhn b cm xng gy ra hoc do nhng ngi tham gia cc v gy ri trong lao ng, lm no lon hoc bo ng gy ra.
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+ Pht sinh t nhng cuc nh cng, cm xng nhng v gy ri trong lao ng, phn lon hoc bo ng. + Do bt k k khng b no hoc do bt k ngi no ang hnh ng v mt l do chnh tr no gy ra.

1.2.3. Ri ro loi tr (9): Bun lu Ph bao vy n t, ni t Li ca ngi bo him Mt gi, st gi Ch tu mt kh nng ti chnh Tu i chch hng Hao ht t nhin Tu khng kh nng i bin (khng trang b y cc vt phm v trang thit b cn thit cho chuyn i)

(*) (1.3) Tn tht trong BHHH 1.3.1. Cn c vo mc tn tht - Tn tht b phn: b h hng 1 phn (v s lng, trng lng,) - Tn tht ton b (thc t - h hng, mt mt 100% gi tr hoc c tnh cha h hng ton b, c th trnh khi nhng phi b ra chi ph ln hn c gi tr)

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1.3.2. Cn c theo tnh cht c lin quan - Tn tht ring - Tn tht chung im khc nhau - Tnh cht tn tht - Nguyn nhn - Hu qu Tn tht chung - Hi sinh - Hnh ng c Tn tht ring - Ngu nhin - Thin tai, tai nn, bt ng bn chu

- V an ton chung cho cc - Tn tht quyn li bn no quyn li trn tu

Tn tht chung bao gm hy sinh tn tht chung v chi ph tn tht chung. KT LUN: Tm li, phn tng quan v BHHH chng ta cn nh: BHHH l g? Ri ro trong BHHH? hc k 4 ri ro chnh, c qua cc ri ro ph, ri ro bo him ring, v ri ro loi tr). Tn tht trong BHHH? tp trung vo phn tn tht chung v tn tht ring.

Sau y chng ta s xt ti 3 nghip v bo him hng hi (y l 3 phn ct li) (2) BH Hng ha xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin - i tng bo him: Hng ha c quy nh trong hp ng - Quyn li c BH: + Bn thn hng ha + Li c tnh (thng = 10% gi tr bo him)
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+ tr gi tng thm + Thu NK (*) Gi tr bo him v s tin bo him S tin bo him (A) l gii hn trch nhim m nh bo him phi tr khi hng b tn tht v l s tin m ngi tham gia bo him mun bo him Gi tr bo him l gi tr ca i tng bo him, l gi tr thc ca hng ha em i bo him (V). C th A = V nhng cng c khi khc nhau ty theo mun ca ngi bo him. Lut php khng cho php A > V, v vy trong trng hp A>=V m hng b tn tht th bn bo him s tr theo V ch khng tr theo A. Nu A < V th s bi thng theo A. Tm li l ch cn nh gia A v V lun chn ci nh hn (*) Thi hn bo him - Khng gian: Bo him ny c hiu lc t khi i tng bo him ri kho, ni cha hng hay ni lu gi bt u vn chuyn v kt thc khi: + Giao vo kho ca ngi nhn hng, hay ni cha hng ghi trong hp ng bo him + Giao n bt k 1 ni cha hng no trc khi n ni n, do ngi c bo him la chn lu kho, phn phi, cung cp hng ha - Thi gian: Sau 60 ngy k t ngy ton b hng ha c d khi tu hoc ti cng d cui cng, ty trng hp no xy ra trc

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(*) Cc iu kin bo him: V cc iu kin bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin th chng ta cn nh l c 3 loi : A, B, C theo ICC (ca ILU - nh) hoc theo QTC ( Vit Nam) Cc iu kin ny u c trong sch, nhng d nh hn, mnh s lp bng tng hp so snh: 1, ICC (ca Vin ILU - Anh) (*) im c bit l iu kin loi A ch quy nh nhng ri ro loi tr, v a ra quy nh bo him mi ri ro khng thuc ri ro loi tr. Trong khi 2 iu kin B v C nu r c 2 phn ri ro c bo him v ri ro loi tr. Ngoi ra, c 3 iu kin A, B, C u c quy nh v iu khon tn tht chung v iu khon Tu m va cng c li.

Ri ro I. Mt mt, h hi hp l quy cho l: - Chy n - Mc cn, m, lt p - D hng ti cng lnh nn - Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt hoc trt bnh - Tu m va vi bt k vt th no bn ngoi (tr nc) - ng t, ni la, st II. Mt mt, h hi gy ra bi:

X X X X

X X X X

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- Hy sinh tn tht chung GA - Nm hng xung bin hoc nc cun tri - Nc bin xm nhp

X X X

X X -

II. Mt nguyn kin khi xp d IV. iu khon tn tht chung V. iu khon Tu m va cng c li VI. Quy nh ri ro loi tr - Loi tr chung: + Hnh vi xu, c ca ngi c BH + Hao ht t nhin + Bao b ng gi khng thch hp + Ni t, n t + Chm tr hnh trnh + Bt lc ti chnh + V kh hoc v n ht nhn - Loi tr tu khng kh nng i bin v khng thch hp cho vic chuyn ch - Loi tr chin tranh - Loi tr nh cng (*) iu khon loi tr: Hng ho hay mt b phn ca hng ho b h hi c ch tm do hnh ng sai lm ca bt k ngi no gy ra -

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2, QTC (1990) Nhng quy nh ca QTC 1990 v c bn l ging vi ICC 1982, nhng khc ch QTC 1990 c thm iu khon Hng ha b mt do tu hoc phng tin ch hng mt tch v c nhng quy nh khc v iu khon ri ro loi tr

Ri ro I. Mt mt, h hi hp l quy cho l: - Chy n - Mc cn, m, lt p - D hng ti cng lnh nn - Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt hoc trt bnh - Tu m va tu hoc bt k vt th no bn ngoi (tr nc) - ng t, ni la, st II. Mt mt, h hi gy ra bi: - Hy sinh tn tht chung GA - Nm hng xung bin hoc nc cun tri - Nc bin xm nhp

X X X X

X X X X

X X X

X X -

II. Mt nguyn kin khi xp d III. Hng ha b mt do tu hoc phng tin ch hng mt tch IV. iu khon tn tht chung
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V. iu khon Tu m va cng c li IV. Quy nh ri ro loi tr - Loi tr chung: + Hnh vi xu, c ca ngi c BH + Hao ht t nhin + Bao b ng gi khng thch hp + Ni t, n t + Chm tr hnh trnh + Bt lc ti chnh + V kh hoc v n ht nhn - Tu khng kh nng i bin v khng thch hp cho vic chuyn ch - Loi tr chin tranh - Loi tr nh cng (*) iu khon loi tr: Hng ho hay mt b phn ca hng ho b h hi c ch tm do hnh ng sai lm ca bt k ngi no gy ra

KT LUN: V phn BH hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin, chng ta cn ghi nh 1 s sau: Gi tr v s tin bo him + Thi hn bo him Cc iu kin A, B, C

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(3) BH Thn tu - i tng bo him: Bn thn con tu Cc ph ( <=25% gi tr tu) Ph tn iu hnh, li thng d (<=25 gi tr tu) (*) Hp ng bo him thn tu: Bo him thi hn (trong thi gian nht nh t 3 12 thng) Bo him chuyn ( t a im ny n a im khc) (*) Thi hn bo him: t 3 thng n 1 nm, thi gian bt u tnh t 24h ca ngy k kt n 24h ngy kt thc hp ng theo gi a phng ca ch tu hoc ca ni k kt hp ng hoc theo GMT nu khng quy nh. (*) Tai nn m va v trch nhim ca ngi bo him: Tt nhin l theo nguyn tc, khi con tu b hng do nhng ri ro, tai nn bt ng th ngi bo him s phi bi thng thit hi vt cht cho ngi c bo him. Nhng iu c bit cn nh trong bo him thn tu l trng hp 2 tu m va cng c li th ngi bo him thn tu phi chu 2 trch nhim bi thng sau: + Bi thng vt cht cho tu c bo him + Bi thng trch nhim m va (v ngi, ti sn) cho tu b tu c bo him m va nhng khng qu s tin bo him Tuy nhin, bo him thn tu khng phi chu trch nhim v: - Tt c nhng g khng phi thn tu trn tu c bo him - Cht ngi, m au
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- Trch nhim v nhim trong tai nn m va - Chi ph di chuyn hay ph hy chng xc tu - Chi ph nh du tu m (*) Cc iu kin bo him thn tu: Khc vi bo him hng ha phn trc, cc iu kin bo him thn tu khng phn chia thnh cc iu kin A,B,C m c chia thnh cc iu kin sau: - AR (All Risks) Mi ri ro - TLO (Total Loss Only) Tn tht ton b - FPA (Free on Particular Average Absolutely) Min tn tht ring - FOD (Free Of Damage Absolutely) Min bi thng tn tht b phn Sau y l bng so snh: AR I. Ri ro c bo him - Tai ha ca bin - Chy, n - Trm cp t ngoi tu - Vt hng xung bin - Cp bin - Tai nn trong xp d, di chuyn hng - m va (cc phng tin vn chuyn ni a, thit b cng, my bay) - ng t, ni la phun, st nh - S sut ca thuyn trng, s quan, ngi sa cha (khng phi ngi
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TLO

FOD

X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X

X X

X X

X X

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c bo him) - N ni hi, gy trc, n t trong my mc, v tu X X X

II. Trch nhim - Trch nhim m va - Chi ph bo tn, t tng, chi ph cu nn - Trch nhim nhim du - ng gp tn tht chung - Cam kt bo him chi ph hot ng - Hon li ph bo him do tu nm x hay do hy hp ng X X X X X X X X X X

III. Ri ro loi tr ( Trang 71 72 Sch GT)

iu kin bo him FPA rt ngn nn cc bn tham kho trang 74 Sch GT.

(4) Bo him Trch nhim dn s Nh xt phn trn, trong trng hp 2 tu m va cng c li, ngi bo him thn tu phi chu trch nhim bi thng ton b thit hi v tu cng thm trch nhim m va ca tu c bo him . Vy cn li th ai s l ngi chu?? ng nhin l nu khng c s can thip ca bn bo him th ch tu s phi chu khon . Tuy nhin, b p nhng khon tn tht nh vy, ch tu c th chn gii php l tham gia hi bo him P & I chia s phn trch nhim dn s (do ri ro m va

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gy ra) cho cc ch tu khc. Vy khi hi P & I l g v khi tham gia, ch tu s nhn c nhng g? So vi cng ty bo him thng mi thng thng, hi P & I c nhng im khc bit sau: - Ngi bo him ng thi l ngi c bo him (v hi ny l do ch tu thnh vin lp ra t bo him cho mnh) - Ph ca hi khng xc nh theo 1 t l v mc ph c nh. m bo hot ng ca hi, cc ch tu ng ph tm tnh hng nm, sau nu thiu th ng ph ng sau, nu tha th chuyn sang nm sau hoc a vo qu d tr ca hi. - Hi hot ng khng v mc ch thng mi m l phc v v gip cc ch tu kinh doanh. Do y l 1 t chc cung cp bo him khng gii hn. Khi xy ra tn tht gy ra bi nhng ri ro c quy nh, hi s ng ra chu trch nhim bi thng cho ch tu gp nn. C th nh sau: -V trch nhim m va (i vi tu k hp ng bo him thn tu): Hi s bi thng trch nhim m va hoc s tin trch nhim vt qu s tin bo him thn tu m bn bo him thn tu khng chu. - i vi xc tu, trong trng hp c ch tu v ngi bo him thn tu t b con tu th hi s bi thng cho ch tu v chi ph gii quyt xc tu (nh nh du, trc vt xc tu,). - Trch nhim v nhim du: Chi ph ty ra nhim, thit hi ti vng nc nhim, tin pht nhim, - Trch nhim v con ngi: chi ph khm cha, mai tng, tr cp hi hng,

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- Trch nhim v hng ha: Hi s bi thng cho ch tu thnh vin trch nhim hoc chi ph ph tri m ch tu khng th i bi thng t bt c bn no khc, (cc trch nhim pht sinh t vi phm ca ch tu). - Tin pht ca ta n, chnh quyn, cng, hi quan Trn y l nhng ri ro c bo him ph bin nht, cn ton b phm vi bo him ca hi c lit k c th gm 24 ri ro c bo him trong Class 1 Hi bo him trch nhim ch tu min Ty nc Anh trang 83 - 95 Sch GT. Cc bn c th tham kho thm. KT LUN CHNG II Nh cp u chng, v bo him hng hi, ngoi nhng kin thc tng quan, chng ta cn nh l c 3 nghip v chnh, mi nghip v li c c im ring. Nhc n bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin, chng ta cn nh ngay l n c 3 iu kin A, B, C cn nhc n bo him thn tu th cn nh n c 4 iu kin: AR, TLO, FOD, FPA.

III. BO HIM HNG KHNG Trc ht, chng ta cn ni qua v Bo him hng khng, y l bo him nhng ri ro lin quan ti hnh trnh chuyn ch bng ng hng khng (c th bao gm c ri ro trn b, min l n c lin quan n hnh trnh). BHHK bao gm rt nhiu nghip v (trong sch gio trnh cp ti tn 9 nghip v) nhng chng ta ch cn quan tm n 4 nghip v chnh (ng nhin nu cc bn c thi gian nghin cu cc nghip v khc l iu rt rt tt). Bo him thn my bay Bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi hnh khch, hnh l, hng ho v t trang ca hnh khch.
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Bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi ngi th ba Bo him hng ho vn chuyn bng ng hng khng Cng ging nh chng trc, chng ta s tm hiu tng nghip v bo him c th nm c kin thc 1 cch c h thng. Nhng d dng hc thuc hn chng ta cn thng nht 1 lu sau: (*) Cc iu kin trong bo him hng khng khng phc tp nh bo him hng hi, nhng iu gy tr ngi ln nht l cc iu khon loi tr trong cc iu kin. V nhng iu khon ny khng cn cch no khc ngoi cch hc thuc. to iu kin hn trong qu trnh hc thuc, mnh xin nu ra 10 trng hp loi tr chung cho c 3 nghip v bo him u m chng ta s xt (tc l ch cn hc thuc 1 ln v dng c 3 ln, nhng tt nhin, mi nghip v li c thm 1 vi trng hp khc): 1, My bay c s dng khc mc ch ghi trn giy chng nhn bo him (GCNBH) 2, My bay vt ra ngoi phm vi ghi trn GCNBH 3, My bay c iu khin bi ngi khng c tn trn GCNBH 4, My bay ct h cnh nhng ni khng ph hp tnh nng k thut 5, My bay c vn chuyn bi bt k phng tin no khc 6, S hnh khch i trn my bay vt qu s hnh khch ti a ghi trn GCNBH 7, Nhng trch nhim m ngi c BH chp nhn hoc t b khc vi v, phiu hnh l, phiu hng ho, AWB hoc cc C quc t 8, S tin bi thng nhn c t cc hp ng khc 9, Tn tht trc tip hoc gin tip do hin tng phng x, nhim phng x 10, Chin tranh, nh cng
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Sau y l ni dung chi tit v 4 nghip v chnh trong bo him hng khng: (1) Bo him thn my bay Theo quy tc 1991 ca Vit Nam, c 2 iu kin bo him p dng cho bo him thn my bay l iu kin A (bo him mi ri ro) v iu kin B (bo him tn tht ton b). C 2 iu kin ny u gm 2 phn chnh l trch nhim ca ngi bo him v loi tr bo him. Phn loi tr bo him th c 2 iu kin A v B u trnh by ging nhau, do vy chng ta s xt chung. - Theo iu kin A (bo him mi ri ro), ngi bo him s chu trch nhim bi thng : - Tn tht ton b hoc b phn xy ra i vi my bay do tai nn bt ng gy ra, trong thi gian bo him. - Chi ph cn thit v hp l m ngi c bo him phi chu do hnh vi m bo an ton cho my bay, nhng ti a khng vt qu 10% gi tr bo him. - Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him . - Theo iu kin B (Bo him tn tht ton b), ngi bo him s chu trch nhim bi thng tn tht ton b (c th l thc t hoc c tnh) xy ra do tai nn bt ng gy ra, trong thi gian bo him. - Loi tr Bo him: 10 trng hp nu phn lu , cng thm: 1, Tai nn bt ng xy ra do hao mn t nhin, gim dn cht lng, gy v, hng hc bn trong my bay. 2, Tai nn bt ng xy ra do h hng gy ra bi nhng vt c tc dng ph hy dn dn, lu di.

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(2) Bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi hnh khch, hnh l, hng ho v t trang ca hnh khch Cc trng hp c Bo him: - Nhng khon tin m ngi c bo him phi bi thng do: + Gy thng vong cho hnh khch khi h ang trong my bay hoc ln, xung my bay. + Mt, h hng hnh l, hng ha trong qu trnh ngi c bo him vn chuyn v bo qun (cn c theo phiu hnh l hoc vn n) hoc do chnh hnh khch bo qun trong trng hp my bay b tn tht ton b. - n ph dn s - Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him Loi tr bo him: 10 trng hp loi tr nu phn lu cng thm: 1, Tn tht v ngi v ti sn ca ngi c bo him hoc bn cng kinh doanh vi ngi c bo him khi h ang thi hnh nhim v vi ngi c bo him. 2, Tn tht v ngi v ti sn ca nhn vin t bay khi h ang lm nhim v trn my bay.

Gii hn trch nhim ca hng hng khng theo cc ngun lut (tham kho thm):
Stt iu c Hnh khch (1 ngi) 1 C Vacxava 1929 125.000 Fr.V Hng ho + hnh l k gi (1kg) 250 Fr.V T trang, hnh l xch tay (1 ngi) 5000 Fr.V

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NT Hague 1955

250.000 Fr.V (~20.000 USD)

nt

nt

3 4

C Guadalajara 1961 H Montreal 1966 (hnh trnh c im thuc M)

75.000 USD(apds) 58.000 USD

20USD/1kg 9,07USD/1p

400USD 500USD (M)

5 6

C Guatemala 1971 NT Montreal 1975 No1 NT Montreal 1975 No2 NT Montreal 1975 No3

1,5 triu Fv.V 8.300 SDR

250 Fv.V 17 SDR

15000 Fr.V 332 SDR

16.600 SDR

nt

332 SDR

100.000 SDR 4150 SDR/chm -

nt

1.000 SDR

NT Montreal 1975 No4 7 C Montreal 1999

100.000 SDR 4150 SDR/chm

17SDR

1.000 SDR

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(3) Bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi ngi th ba: Cc trng hp c Bo him: - Nhng khon tin m ngi c bo him phi bi thng do: + Gy thng vong. + Lm h hng, thit hi ti sn ca ngi th 3 do my bay hoc vt th no ri xung t my bay gy ra. - n ph dn s - Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him Loi tr bo him: 10 trng hp loi tr nu phn lu cng thm: 1, Tn tht v ngi v ti sn: + ca ngi c bo him hoc bn cng kinh doanh vi ngi c bo him khi h ang thi hnh nhim v vi ngi c bo him + ca nhn vin t bay khi h ang lm nhim v trn my bay + ca hnh khch khi h ang trn my bay hoc ln, xung my bay + tn tht i vi ti sn thuc quyn qun l v s hu ca ngi c bo him 2, Khiu ni pht sinh t: + Ting ng, s chn ng m thanh, n do kch sng t bin khi my bay bay vt tc ting ng + nhim, nhim sng in t + Tr ngi trong vic s dng ti sn

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(4) Bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng khng - 10 trng hp loi tr phn lu khng c s dng trong nghip v ny, v chng ta phi nh cc trng hp sau: + Theo ICC 1982, ri ro c bo him i vi hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng khng l cc ri ro khng nm trong cc ri ro loi tr sau y: 1, Tn tht do li ca ngi c bo him 2, D chy, hao ht thng thng ca i tng bo him 3, Tn tht do ni t hay bn cht ca i tng bo him 4, Tn tht pht sinh t s khng ph hp c bit t trc ca cc phng tin vn chuyn i vi vic vn chuyn an ton ca i tng bo him 5, Mt mt, h hi, chi ph pht sinh do chm tr gy ra bi 1 ri ro c bo him 6, Mt mt, h hi, chi ph pht sinh do tnh trng mt kh nng chi tr ca ngi ch hay qun l my bay 7, Mt mt, h hi do s dng v kh ht nhn; chin tranh, ni chin; bom mn, v kh chin tranh; khng b, mc ch chnh tr (*) Thi hn bo him - Khng gian: Bo him ny c hiu lc t khi i tng bo him ri kho, ni hng hay ni lu gi bt u vn chuyn v kt thc khi: + Giao vo kho ca ngi nhn hng, hay ni cha hng ghi trong hp ng bo him + Giao n bt k 1 ni cha hng no trc khi n ni n, do ngi c bo him la chn lu kho, phn phi, cung cp hng ha
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- Thi gian: 30 ngy sau khi d i tng bo him ra khi my bay ti ni d hng KT LUN CHNG III Tm li l chng ny cng khng c yu cu g hn ngoi hc thuc v hc thuc. hc thuc. Mn Bo him suy cho cng cng ch n gin l 1 chui hc thuc :v.

(*) Lu cho chng IV v chng V Nh ni phn u Cm nang, chng II l chng quan trng nht, nhng cc chng khc chng ta cng cn nm c nhng kin thc cn bn trong sch. Chng IV v chng V trong Cm nang ny c trnh by da trn sch Gio trnh, nhng ch trnh by nhng phn m mnh cho l quan trng. Nhng ai cm thy mnh vn cn b nh hc thm nhng phn cn li (v Gi tr bo him, S tin bo him) th cc bn c th tham kho thm trong sch.

IV. BO HIM HA HON V CC RI RO C BIT (*) Khi nim: - y l nghip v bo him cho nhng thit hi chy, st, n v cc ri ro c bit khc gy ra cho i tng bo him, trong chy, st, n l nhng ri ro c bn. (*) i tng bo him: - Bt ng sn - Cc ng sn (ti sn c nhn, my mc, thit b,) - Hng ha (c th l nguyn liu, bn thnh phm,)

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(*) Phm vi bo him: - Cc ri ro c bn (Ri ro A) c bo him 1 cch t ng + Chy: Tt c nhng thit hi do chy u c bo him, loi tr: N do nh hng ca chy ng t hoc la ngm di t Ti sn t ln men hoc ta nhit hay qu trnh x l bng nhit + St: ch thit hi trc tip do tia st gy ra mi c bi thng + N: ch c bo him trong cc trng hp: N ni hi phc v sinh hot Hi t phc v sinh hot, thp sng hoc si m trong nh - Cc ri ro c bit ch c bo him khi c yu cu v ph ng thm ph + Ri ro B: ri ro n, loi tr: N ni hi, thng nc bng hi t, bnh cha, my mc v thit b m p sut bn trong hon ton do hi nc to ra Bnh cha, my mc thit b hoc cht liu bn trong dng c b h hi hoc b ph hy do n cc cht liu Sng p lc t my bay siu m + Ri ro C: My bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc hoc cc vt t trn ri vo, loi tr sng p lc t my bay siu m + Ri ro E: nh cng, b xng, bo ng dn s, loi tr tch thu, trng dng v thit hi do ngng cng vic + Ri ro G: ng t + Ri ro K: La ngm di t
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+ Ri ro L: Chy ni t, loi tr sng p lc t my bay siu m + Ri ro N: Ging t hay bo tp, l lt, loi tr: - H hi do sng mui hay st l t - Thit hi ca hng ro, cng ng v cc ng sn ngoi tri + Ri ro P: V hay trn nc t cc b cha, thit b cha nc hay ng ng dn, loi tr ti sn b ph hy hay h hi do nc chy, r r t h thng thit b phng chy t ng + Ri ro Q: Xe c hay sc vt m vo (vi iu kin khng thuc quyn s hu ca ngi c bo him hoc ngi lm thu ca h) + Ri ro L: Nc chy hay r r t thit b vi phun t ng c lp t sn trong nh, loi tr nh b trng hoc khng s dng, n, ng t, chy ngm hoc b sc nng do ha hon - Cc trng hp loi tr 1, Chin tranh, cch mng, khi ngha, khng b, 2, nh cng, b xng, bo ng dn s,tr khi c bo him theo ri ro E 3, Phng x, nhim phng x, phn ng ht nhn, nng lng, nguyn t 4, Tin bc, kim loi qu, cc giy t c gi tr hoc ti liu, s sch bn tho kinh doanh, tr khi c xc nhn trn GCNBH 5, Hng ha nhn y thc hay k gi, tr khi c xc nhn trn GCNBH 6, Tn tht thit hi ca cht n 7, Tn tht v ngi, ng, thc vt sng 8, Thit hi gy ra cho ngi th 3
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9, Cc ti sn c BH theo n BH hng hi 10, Cc thit hi mang tnh cht hu qu, tr tin thu nh nu c xc nhn trn GCNBH 11, Cc thit hi trong phm vi mc min thng

V. BO HIM XY DNG V LP T (*) Khi nim: - BHXD&L l loi hnh BH nhng thit hi pht sinh t mt ri ro bt ng hoc t trch nhim i vi ngi th ba trong vic xy dng mt cng trnh c s dng n b tng v xi mng. B p v ti chnh cho ch u t hay ch thu. (*) Ngi c bo him:

C rt nhiu ngi c BH (ch thu, kin trc s,) nn khi k hp ng


BH ch cn c mt ngi ng ra i din (ch u t hay ch thu) v ghi v cc nh thu ph c lin quan. (*) i tng bo him: - Cc cng trnh ln v dn s, cc bt ng sn ln dng cho thng mi, cc cng trnh cng cng hoc . Trong , cc hng mc ch yu c BH gm: Cng tc thi cng XD. Cc trang thit b XD. My mc dng trong qu trnh XD, tr loi phng tin lu hnh trn cng l v thuc BH xe c gii.
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TS c sn v xung quanh khu vc cng trng thuc quyn s hu, trng nom, chm sc ca ngi c BH. Chi ph dn dp v sinh. Trch nhim i vi ngi th ba (tr cng nhn, ngi lm thu cho ch u t, hoc ch thu). (*) Phm vi bo him: - Nhng ri ro c bo him: 1, Cc thit hi m cng trnh phi chu. 2, Ha hon v nhng tn tht do tin hnh cc bin php cha chy. 3, Cc v n gy thit hi cc ng hi, ni hi, cng nh cc thit b khc. 4, Cc thit hi do nc gy nn (do l lt, r ng ng). 5, Cc thit hi do thin tai nh ging bo, t trt, ng t, ni la phun, sng thn, ma gi, st nh 6, Trm cp 7, V my (my mc lin quan ti cng vic thi cng trong xy dng) 8, Cng trnh xy dng b sp (ri ro ny cn c BH thm bng hp ng trch nhim sau xy dng, c bit l i vi thi cng cng trnh nc ngoi). 9, Thiu kinh nghim, s sut, hnh ng c hay c tnh nhm ln nhng khng phi l ngi c BH hay i din ca h gy ra. 10, Ri ro trong vn chuyn vt liu xy dng hay my mc. 11, Trch nhim dn s ca ngi c BH i vi ngi th ba v cc thit hi khng th trnh khi trong vic thi cng cng trnh.

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12, Hu qu ti chnh ca nhng thit hi c BH gy ra. - Cc loi tr chung: 1, Tn tht xy ra do chin tranh hay cc hnh ng tng t 2, Tn tht xy ra do nh cng, bi cng, b xng hay ni lon, gin on hay ngng cng vic theo lnh ca nh chc trch. 3, Tn tht xy ra do s ta nhit hay phng x (phn ng ht nhn, phng x ht nhn, nhim phng x) 4, Tn tht xy ra do hnh ng c ca ngi c BH hay i din ca h. 5, Tn tht c tnh cht hu qu do chm tr nh tin pht do vi phm hp ng hay mt thu nhp - Cc loi tr ring: 1, Cc tn tht do hng hc, c kh hoc v in hay nhng trc trc ca my mc xy dng (tr nhng thit hi c tnh cht tai nn c th xy ra s c BH bnh thng). 2, Cc tn tht sinh ra t gim gi tr do hao mn, do b ph hoi dn dn, do s gi ci, hoen r, xy ha. 3, Cc mt mt h hi ca ti liu bn v, biu mu, chng t thanh ton, tin, 4, Cc mt mt pht hin khi kim k. 5, Tn tht ca xe c gii lu hnh trn cng l, ca cc phng tin thy hay my bay. 6, Cc mt mt, thit hi pht sinh t vic gin on thi cng, thm ch ch l nht thi.

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7, Mc khu tr m ngi c BH phi t gnh chu trong mi trng hp c s c thuc trch nhim ca BH.

(*) Thi hn bo him: - Thi gian bt u thi cng cho n khi cng trnh XD c nghim thu. + Thi gian bt u thi cng c tnh t khi tin hnh khi cng xy dng (san nn, o p) C th tnh c thi gian lu kho cc nguyn vt liu trc nhng khng qu 3 thng. + Kt thc cng trnh khi cng trnh c bn giao v a vo s dng hoc hon tt ln vn hnh u tin c ti nu c c phn vic lp t. - i vi my mc, thit b xy dng: trch nhim ca ngi BH: + bt u khi tho d cc my mc thit b xung khu vc cng trng + kt thc khi di chuyn khi cng trng Nu cng trnh hon thnh v a vo s dng tng b phn: trch nhim ca ngi BH i vi tng b phn kt thc ngay sau khi n c bn giao a vo s dng. Nu thi gian thi cng ngn hn thi gian tiu chun: Hiu lc ca hp ng BH s kt thc ngay khi cng trnh c bn giao a vo s dng. Nu ngi c BH thy phi ko di thi gian thi cng th phi kp thi thng bo cho ngi BH bit v yu cu BH cho thi gian ko di. Trong thi k bo dng, tip theo vic nghim thu tm thi hoc a vo s dng, vic xy dng c hon thnh v cc BH cng loi khng cn cn thit na. Tuy nhin, khi ngi c BH yu cu th thi hn BH c th m rng cho c thi gian bo hnh.

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Trn y l ton b nhng ni dung trong chng trnh hc ca mn Bo him trong kinh doanh. Mnh c gng tm lc ht sc ngn gn v c h thng, nhng v kin thc qu nhiu nn Cm nang ny vn di tn hn 30 trang. Hi vng nhng g mnh vit trn s gip cc bn n thi tt hn. Chc cc bn may mn trong t thi sp ti!!

Hong Chicharito

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