Do An Cung Cap Dien

N MN HC THIT K CUNG CP IN CHO NH MY C KH
3
LI NOI U
Trong s nghip cng nghip ha hin i ha nc nh hin nay th ngnh Cng
nghip in nng thc s tr thnh mt ngnh cng nghip mi nhn, v vai tr ca
n i vi cc ngnh cng nghip khc ngy cng c khng nh. C th ni, pht trin
cng nghip, y mnh cng cuc i mi t nc gn lin vi s pht trin ca
ngnh cng nghip in nng.
Khi xy dng mt nha ma y mi, mt khu cng nghip mi hay mt khu dn c
mithi vi c u tin phai tinh n la xy dng mt h thng cung cp in phu c vu
cho nhu cu san xut va sinh hoat cho khu vc o.
Trong cng cu c cng nghip hoa, hin ai ho a, nganh cng nghip nc ta ang
ngay mt khi sc, cac nha may, xi nghip khng ngng c xy dng. Gn lin vi ca c
cng trinh o la h thng cung cp in c thit k va xy dng. Xut phat t yu cu
thc t o , cung vi nhng kin thc c hoc tai Trng ai hoc Ba ch Khoa Ha Ni, em
a nhn c tai thit k mn hoc : Thit k H Thng Cung Cp in cho phn
xng C kh v ton b nh my. y l mt ti thit k rt b ch, v thc t
nhng nh my cng nghip nc ta hin nay ang trong giai on pht trin mnh m.
Trong thi gian lam bi tp di va qua, vi s c gng n lc cua ban thn, cung
vi s giup tn tinh cua th y giao hng dn Nguyn Minh Th, em a hoan thanh
xong bi tp mn hoc cu a minh.Do thi gian ngn cng nh kin thc cn cha hon
thin em mong co oc s ng gp qu bu ca qu thy c cng cc bn.
Mt ln na, em xin gi n c Nguyn Minh Th, cung cac thy c giao trong
Khoa in long bit n su s c nht.
Vinh, nga y 25 thang 04 nm 2011

Sinh vin
Nguyn Hu Hong
SVTH: Nguyn Hu Hong - 1 - GVHD: Nguyn Minh Th
KHOA IN
B MN L THUYT
---------0&0---------
N MN HC
CUNG CP IN
Sinh vin thit k: Nguyn Hu Hong lp: H in C - K3
Gio vin hng dn: Nguyn Minh Th
I. .TI : Thit k h thng CC cho phn xng C kh 1A v ton b nh my C
kh 01
II. CC S LIU K THUT:
- Mt bng b tr thit b ca phn xng v x nghip theo bn v
- S liu ph ti cho theo bng
- S liu ngun U
m
= 35 kV; S
NM

= 250 MVA
III. NI DUNG THUYT MINH V TNH TON :
1. Phn tch yu cu CC cho H ph ti.
2. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton cho Phn xng C kh
3. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton ca ton Nh my.
4. Thit k h thng CC cho Phn xng v ton Nh my.
5. Chn v kim tra cc thit b trong mng in.
6. Thit k h thng o lng v bo v Trm bin p.
IV. CC BN V THIT K ( GIY A
3
)
1. S mt bng v i dy Phn xng.
2. S mt bng v i dy Nh my.
3. S nguyn l CC ton Nh my.
4. S bo v v o lng Trm bin p.
V. K HOCH THC HIN :
Ngy giao ti: 15/02/2011
Ngy np n: 25/05/2011
Trng B mn Gio vin hng dn
CHNG I
GII THIU CHUNG V NH MY C KH V YU CU CUNG
CP IN CHO H PH TI
1.1 - V TR A L V VAI TR KINH T
Trong cng nghip ngy nay ngnh c kh l mt ngnh cng nghip then cht ca
nn kinh t quc dn to ra cc sn phm cung cp cho cc nhnh cng nghip khc cng
nh nhiu lnh vc trong kinh t v sinh hot. p ng nhu cu ca s pht trin kinh t,
cc nh my c kh chim mt s lng ln v phn b rng khp c nc.
Nh my ang xem xt n l nh my c kh B quc phng sn xut cc thit b
cung cp cho cc nh my cng nghip. Nh my c 15 h ph ti, quy m vi 10 phn
xng sn xut v cc nh iu hnh.
Bng 1 -1: Bng phn b cng sut ca nh my c kh
stt Tn phn xng
B
Loi h P
tt
(kW)
Q
tt
(kVAr)
1. C in 250 200 2
2. C kh 1 P
tt
Q
tt
1
3. C kh 2 350 260 1
4. Rn, dp 330 280 1
5. c thp 400 380 1
6. c gang 400 320 1
7. Dng c 150 120 2
8. Mc mu 180 140 2
9. Lp rp 200 180 2
10. Nhit luyn 340 320 1
11. Kim nghim 140 120 1
12. Kho 1 50 35 2
13. Kho 2 50 25 2
14. Nh hnh chnh 60 75 1
Do tm quan trng ca tin trnh CNH HH t nc i hi phi c nhiu thit
b, my mc. V th nh my c tm quan trng rt ln. L mt nh my sn xut cc thit
b cng nghip v vy ph ti ca nh my u lm vic theo dy chuyn, c tnh cht t
ng ha cao. Ph ti ca nh my ch yu l ph ti loi 1 v loi 2 ( ty theo vai tr quy
trnh cng ngh).
Nh my cn m bo c cp in lin tc vn ton. Do ngun in cp cho nh
my c ly t h thng in quc gia thng qua trm bin p trung gian.
1.1.1 Phn xng c in
C nhim v sa cha, bo dng cc thit b my mc c in ca nh my. Phn
xng ny cng trang b nhiu my mc vn nng c chnh xc cao nhm p ng yu
cu sa cha phc tp ca nh my. Mt in s gy lng ph lao ng, ta xp phn
xng ny vo h tiu th loi 2.
1.1.2 Phn xng c kh 1, 2
C nhim v sn xut nhiu sn phm c kh m bo yu cu kinh t k thut.
Qu trnh thc hin trn my ct gt kim loi kh hin i vi dy chuyn t ng cao.
Nu in khng n nh, hoc mt in s lm hng cc chi tit ang gia cng gy lng
ph lao ng. Phn xng ny ta xp vo h tiu th loi 1 hoc 2.
1.1.3 - Phn xng c thp, c gang
y l hai loi phn xng m i hi mc cung cp in cao nht. Nu ngng
cp in th cc sn phm ang nu trong l s tr thnh ph phm gy nh hng ln v
mt kinh t. Ta xp vo h tiu th loi 1.
1.1.4 - Phn xng kim nghim.
C nhim v khim tra cht lng sn phm v ch tiu k thut ca sn phm.
trong phn xng s dng nhiu thit b o m c cao chnh xc cao, do vy mc n
nh l quan trng nht. Xp vo h tiu th loi 2.
1.1.5 Phn xng lp rp
Phn xng thc hin khu cui cng ca vic ch to thit b, l ng b ha
cc chi tit my. My mc c m bo chnh xc v mt k thut, hon chnh cng nh an
ton v mt khi vn hnh hay khng l ph thuc vo mc lin tc cung cp in. Xp
vo h tiu th loi 2.
1.1.6 Phn xng rn, dp.
Phn xng c trang b cc my mc v l rn ch to ra phi v cc chi tit
khc m bo bn v cng.. xp vo h tiu th loi 1.
1.1.7 Phn xng mc mu
C nhim v to ra cc loi khun mu, cc chi tit ch yu phc v cho sn xut.
Do chc nng nh vy nn phn xng ny xp vo h tiu th loi 2.
1.2 MT S YU CU KHI THIT K CUNG CP IN.
in nng l mt dng nng lng c u im nh: D dng chuyn thnh cc
dng nng lng khc ( nhit nng, quang nng, c nng), d truyn ti v phn phi.
Chnh v vy in nng c dng rt rng ri trong mi lnh vc hot ng ca con
ngi. in nng ni chung khng tch tr c, tr mt vi trng hp c bit v cng
sut nh nh pin, c quy, v vy gia sn xut v tiu th in nng phi lun lun m
bo cn bng.
Qu trnh sn xut in nng l mt qu trnh in t. c im ca qu trnh ny
xy ra rt nhanh. V vy m bo qu trnh sn xut v cung cp in an ton, tin cy,
m bo cht lng in phi p dng nhiu bin php ng b nh iu , thng tin, o
lng, bo v v t ng ha vv
in nng l ngun nng lng chnh ca cc ngnh cng nghip, l iu kin quan trng
pht trin cc khu th, khu dn c.V l do khi lp k hoch pht trin kinh t
x hi, k hoch pht trin in nng phi i trc mt bc, nhm tha mn nhu cu
in nng khng nhng trong giai on trc mt m cn d kin cho s pht trin trong
tng lai 5 nm 10 nm hoc c khi lu hn na. Khi thit k CC cn phi m bo cc
yu cu sau:
1.2.1 tin cy cung cp in:
tin cy cung cp in ty thuc vo h tiu th loi no. Trong iu kin cho
php ta c gng chn phng n cung cp in c tin cy cng cao cng tt.
Theo quy trnh trang b in v quy trnh sn xut ca nh my c kh th vic ngng cung
cp in s nh hng n cht lng sn phm gy thit hi v kinh t do ta xp nh
my c kh vo h ph ti loi 2.
1.2.2 Cht lng in
Cht lng in nh gi bng hai tiu chun tn s v in p. Ch tiu tn s do
c quan iu khin h thng iu chnh. Ch c nhng h tiu th ln mi phi quan tm
n ch vn hnh ca mnh sao cho hp l gp phn n nh tn s ca h thng
li in.
V vy ngi thit k cung cp in thng phi ch quan tm n cht lng in
p cho khch hng. Ni chung in p li trung p v h p cho php dao ng quanh
gi tr 5% in p nh mc. i vi ph ti c yu cu cao v cht lng in p nh cc
my mc thit b in t, c kh c chnh xc vv in p ch cho php dao ng
trong khong 2,5%.
1.2.3 An ton in
H thng cung cp in phi c vn hnh an ton i vi ngi v thit b.
Mun t c yu cu , ngi thit k phi chn c s cung cp in hp l,
mch lc trnh nhm ln trong vn hnh, cc thit b phi c chn ng loi ng
cng sut. Cng tc xy dng lp t phi c tin hnh ng, chnh xc cn thn. Cui
cng vic vn hnh, qun l h thng in c vai tr ht sc quan trng, ngi s dng
tuyt i phi chp hnh nhng quy nh v an ton s dng in.
1.2.4 Kinh t
Khi nh gi so snh cc phng n cung cp in ch tiu kinh t ch c xt n
khi cc ch tiu k thut trn c m bo ch tiu kinh t c nh gi qua tng s vn
u t, chi ph vn hnh, bo dng v thi gian thu hi vn u t. Vic nh gi ch
tiu kinh t phi thng qua tnh ton v so snh gia cc phng n t mi la chn
c cc phng php, phng n cung cp in ti u.
Tuy nhin trong qu trnh thit k h thng ta phi bit vn dng, lng ghp cc yu cu
trn vo nhau tit kim c thi gian v chi ph trong qu trnh thit k.
Bng 1- 2 : Danh sch thit b ca phn xng sa cha c kh
ST
T
Tn thit b K hiu
Cng
sut(kW,kVA)
Cos k
sd
1. My khoan 1. 12 0,65 0,2
2. My doa 2. 5 0,65 0,2
3. My doa 3. 3 0,65 0,2
4. My tin 4. 7 0,65 0,2
5. My tin 5. 7,5 0,65 0,2
6. My tin 6. 4,5 0,65 0,2
7. My bo 7. 4,5 0,65 0,2
8. My bo 8. 7 0,65 0,2
9. My phay 9. 7 0,65 0,2
10. My phay 10. 7 0,65 0,2
11. My mi trn 11. 2,8 0,65 0,2
12. My mi trn 12. 2,8 0,65 0,2
13. My phay 13. 15 0,65 0,2
14. My chut 14. 7,5 0,65 0,2
15. My sc 15. 5 0,65 0,2
16. My sc 16. 5 0,65 0,2
17. My tin 17. 10 0,65 0,2
18. My tin 18. 10 0,65 0,2
19. My doa 19. 12 0,65 0,2
20. My doa 20. 12 0,65 0,2
21. My ca thp 21. 5 0,65 0,2
22. My ct thp 22. 15 0,65 0,2
23. My bo 23. 4,5 0,65 0,2
24. My tin 24. 7 0,65 0,2
25. My tin 25. 7 0,65 0,2
26. T sy 3pha 26. 20 0,65 0,2
27. My BA hn
380/65 V
27. 21 kVA
(
m
= 35%)
0,65 0,2
28. My phay 28. 12 0,65 0,2
29. My phay 29. 12 0,65 0,2
CHNG II
XC NH PH TI CHO PHN XNG C KH S 1 V TON
NH MY
2.1 XC NH PH TI CHO PHN XNG C KH S 1
2.1.1: Phn nhm ph ti
- phn nhm ph ti ta da theo nguyn tc sau :
+ Cc thit b trong nhm nn c cng mt ch lm vic .
+ Cc thit b trong nhm nn gn nhau trnh chng cho v gim chiu di
dy dn h p.
+ Cng sut cc nhm cng nn khng qu chnh lch nhm nhm gim chng loi
t ng lc.
- Cn c vo v tr, cng sut ca cc my cng c b tr trn mt bng phn xng ta
chia ra lm 4 nhm thit b ph ti nh sau :
Bng 2 -1: Phn nhm cc thit b trong Phn xng c kh s 1
TT Tn thit b K hiu Cng sut(KW,KVA) cos k
sd
NHM I
1 My khoan 1 12 0.65 0.2
2 My doa 3 3 0.65 0.2
3 My tin 4 7 0.65 0.2
4 My tin 5 7,5 0.65 0.2
5 My tin 6 4,5 0.65 0.2
6 My phay 9 7 0.65 0.2
Cng nhm I 41
NHM II
1 My bo 7 4,5 0.65 0.2
2 My bo 8 7 0.65 0.2
3 My phay 9 7 0.65 0.2
4 My phay 10 7 0.65 0.2
5 My mi trn 11 2,8 0.65 0.2
6 My phay 13 15 0.65 0.2
7 My sc 16 5 0.65 0.2
Cng nhm II 48,3
NHM III
1 My sc 16 5 0.65 0.2
2 My tin 18 10 0.65 0.2
3 My doa 20 12 0.65 0.2
4 My tin 24 7 0.65 0.2
5 My BA hn
380/65V
27 21KVA(
dm
=35%) 0.65 0.2
Cng nhm III 55
NHM IV
1 My tin 17 10
2 My ca thp 21 5
3 T sy 3 pha 26 20
4 My phay 28 12
5 My phay 29 12
Cng nhm IV 59
Trong : Vi my bin p hn:
) ( 5 , 7 % 35 . 6 , 0 . 21 % . cos . kW S P
m m

Gi s my bin p hn c mc vo hai pha A, B quy i v thit b 3 pha c cng sut
tng ng, ta c:
P
faA
= p(ab)a.P
AB
= 0,84.7,5 = 6,3 (kW)
P
faB
= p(ab)b.P
AB
= 0,16.7,5 = 1,2 (kW).
P
faC
= 0
P = P
max
P
min
= 7,5 1,2 = 6,3
% 75 , 8
72
100 . 3 , 6 100
. %
3

pha
P
P P
Ta thy P
kcb
= 8,75% < P
cb
= 15%.
P
tt3fa
= P
tt1fa
. Tc l cng sut thit b 1 pha coi nh thit b in 3 pha.
2.1.2 Cc phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton
Hin nay c nhiu nghin cu v cc phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton, nhng
cc phng php c dng ch yu l:
a - Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut t v h s nhu cu :
Mt cch gn ng c th ly P
= P
m

n
i
m nc tt
P k P
1
.
tag P Q
tt tt
.
cos
2 2 tt
tt tt tt
P
Q P S +
Khi :
n
i
mi nc tt
P k P
1
.
.
Trong :
- P
i
, P
mi
: cng sut t v cng sut nh mc ca thit b th i ( kW)
- P
tt
, Q
tt
, S
tt
: cng sut tc dng, phn khng v ton phn tnh ton ca nhm thit
b ( kW, kVAR, kVA )
- n : s thit b trong nhm
- K
nc
: h s nhu cu ca nhm h tiu th c trng tra trong s tay tra cu
Phng php ny c u im l n gin, thun tin. Nhc im ca phng
php ny l km chnh xc. Bi h s nhu cu tra trong s tay l mt s liu c nh cho
trc, khng ph thuc vo ch vn hnh v s thit b trong nhm.
b - Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo sut ph ti trn mt n v din
tch sn xut :
Cng thc tnh :

tt o
P = p *F
Trong :
- p
o
: sut ph ti trn mt n v din tch sn xut ( W/m
2
). Gi tr p
o
c tra
trong cc s tay.
- F : din tch sn xut ( m
2
)
Phng php ny ch cho kt qu gn ng khi c ph ti phn b ng u trn
din tch sn xut, nn n c dng trong giai on thit k s b, thit k chiu sng.
c. Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo sut tiu hao in nng cho mt
n v thnh phn :
Cng thc tnh ton :
max
0
.
T
W M
P
tt

Trong :
M : S n v sn phm c sn xut ra trong mt nm
W
o
: Sut tiu hao in nng cho mt n v sn phm ( kWh )
T
max
: Thi gian s dng cng sut ln nht ( gi )
Phng php ny c dng tnh ton cho cc thit b in c th ph ti t bin i
nh : qut gi, my nn kh, bnh in phn Khi ph ti tnh ton gn bng ph ti
trung bnh v kt qu tnh ton tng i chnh xc.
d. Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v h s cc
i:
Cng thc tnh :
n
tt max sd dmi
i=1
P = K .K . P
Trong :
n : S thit b in trong nhm
P
mi
: Cng sut nh mc thit b th i trong nhm
K
max
: H s cc i tra trong s tay theo quan h
K
max
= f ( n
hq
, K
sd
)
n
hq
: s thit b s dng in c hiu qu l s thit b gi thit c cng cng sut v
ch lm vic, chng i hi ph ti bng ph ti tnh ton ca nhm ph ti thc t.
( Gm c cc thit b c cng sut v ch lm vic khc nhau )
Cng thc tnh n
hq
nh sau :
( )
2
n
dmi
i=1
hq n
2
dmi
i=1
P
n =
P
_

,
Trong :
P
m
: cng sut nh mc ca thit b th i
n : s thit b c trong nhm
Khi n ln th vic xc nh n
hq
theo phng php trn kh phc tp do c th xc nh
n
hq
mt cch gn ng theo cch sau :
Khi tho mn iu kin :
dm max
dm min
P
m 3
P

v K
sd
0,4 th ly n
hq
= n
Trong P
m min
, P
m max
l cng sut nh mc b nht v ln nht ca cc thit b
trong nhm
Khi m > 3 v K
sd
0,2 th n
hq
c th xc nh theo cng thc sau :
2
n
dmi
i=1
hq
dmmax
2 P
n =
P
_

,

Khi m > 3 v K
sd
< 0,2 th n
hq
c xc nh theo trnh t nh sau :
Tnh n
1
- s thit b c cng sut 0,5P
m max
Tnh P
1
- tng cng sut ca n
1
thit b k trn :
1
l dmi
i=1
n
P = P
Tnh
n
n
n
1
* ;
P
P
P
1
*
P : tng cng sut ca cc thit b trong nhm :
n
dmi
i=1
P = P
Da vo n*, P* tra bng xc nh c n

hq
* = f (n*,P* )
Tnh n
hq
= n
hq
*.n
Cn ch l nu trong nhm c thit b tiu th in lm vic ch ngn hn
lp li th phi quy i v ch di hn khi tnh n
hq
theo cng thc :
%
m tt
P P
% : h s ng in tng i phn trm .
Cng cn quy i v cng sut 3 pha i vi cc thit b dng in 1 pha.
Nu thit b 1 pha u vo in p pha :
P
qd
= 3.P
mfa max
Thit b mt pha u vo in p dy :
P
qd
=
3
.P
m
Ch : Khi s thit b hiu qu b hn 4 th c th dng phng php n gin sau
xc nh ph ti tnh ton :
Ph ti tnh ton ca nhm thit b gm s thit b l 3 hay t hn c th ly
bng cng sut danh nh ca nhm thit b :
n
tt dmi
i=1
P = P
n : s thit b tiu th in thc t trong nhm.

Khi s thit b tiu th thc t trong nhm ln hn 3 nhng s thit b tiu th hiu
qu nh hn 4 th c th xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng thc :
n
tt ti dmi
i=1
P = K .P
Trong : K
t
l h s ti . Nu khng bit chnh xc c th ly nh sau :
K
t
= 0,9 i vi thit b lm vic ch di hn .
K
t
= 0,75 i vi thit b lm vic ch ngn hn lp li.
e. Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v h s hnh
dng
Cng thc tnh : P
tt
= K
hd
.P
tb
Q
tt
= P
tt
.tg
S
tt
=
2 2
tt tt
P +Q
Trong K
hd
: h s hnh dng ca th ph ti tra trong s tay
T
dt
0
tb
P
A
P = =
T T
P
tb
: cng sut trung bnh ca nhm thit b kho st
A : in nng tiu th ca mt nhm h tiu th trong khong thi gian T.
f. Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v lch
trung bnh bnh phng
Cng thc tnh : P
tt
= P
tb
.
Trong : : h s tn x.
: lch ca th ph ti khi gi tr trung bnh.
Phng php ny thng c dng tnh ton ph ti cho cc nhm thit b ca
phn xng hoc ca ton b nh my. Tuy nhin phng php ny t c dng trong
tnh ton thit k mi v n i hi kh nhiu thng tin v ph ti m
ch ph hp vi h thng ang vn hnh.
g. Xc nh ph ti nh nhn ca nhm thit b
Theo phng php ny th ph ti nh nhn ca nhm thit b s xut hin khi
thit b c dng khi ng ln nht m my cn cc thit b khc trong nhm lm vic
bnh thng v c tnh theo cng thc sau :
I
n
= I
k max
+ I
tt
K
sd
.I
m max

Trong :
I
k max
- dng khi ng ca thit b c dng khi ng ln nht trong nhm.
I
tt
- dng tnh ton ca nhm my .
I
m max
- dng nh mc ca thit b ang khi ng.
K
sd
- h s s dng ca thit b ang khi ng.
2.1.3 Tnh ton ph ti tng nhm
Tnh ton cho nhm 1
TT Tn thit b K hiu Cng sut(KW,KVA) cos k
sd
NHM I
1 My khoan 1 12 0.65 0.2
2 My doa 3 3 0.65 0.2
3 My tin 4 7 0.65 0.2
4 My tin 5 7,5 0.65 0.2
5 My tin 6 4,5 0.65 0.2
6 My phay 9 7 0.65 0.2
Cng nhm I 41
Ta c : 6
2
12
2
max

dd
P
kW
n
1
= 3 , n=6
n
*
= 5 , 0
6
3
1

n
n
P
*
=
35 , 0
41
5 , 7 7
1
1 1
1
n
i
ddi
n
i
ddi
P
P
P
P

Tra bng PL1.5 (Sch thit k cp in-Ng Hng Quang,V Vn Tm trang 255)
tm * hq
n
= f(n
*
, P
*
):
ta c * hq
n
=0,86
n
hq
= * hq
n
.n = 0,86.6 = 5,16
Tra bng PL1.6 (Sch thit k cp in-Ng Hng Quang,V Vn Tm
trang 256)
tm k
max
= f( hq
n
, k
sd
) vi n
hq
=5 , k
sd
=0.2
ta c k
max
= 2,42
Ph ti tnh ton ca nhm I :
P
tt
= k
max
*k
sd
*
n
i
ddi
P
1
= 2,42 *0.2*41 = 19,844KW
Q
tt
= P
tt
*tg = 19,844*1.33 = 26,4 KVA
S
tt
=
44
6 . 0
4 , 26
cos

tt
P
KVA
Dng in tnh ton nhm I:
A
U
S
I
tt
tt
85 , 66
38 . 0 * 3
44
3

Bng 2-2: Bng tnh ton cho cc nhm my P.X c kh s 1
Nhm
P
mnh
cos
TBnh
P
ttnh
Q
ttnh
S
ttnh
I
tt
1 41 0,65 19,84
4
26,4 44 66,85
2 48,3 0,65 23,38 31,1 51,83 78,75
3 55 0,65 26,62 35,4 59 89,64
4 59 0,65 28,55
6
37,98 63,3 96,17
2.1.4 : Ph ti chiu sng cho phn xng c kh s 1
Ta c :cng sut chiu sng ton phn xng
P
cs
=P
o
.F ta ly P
o
=15 W/m
2
P
cs
= 15.(17,4.8,5) = 2218,5(W) = 2,2185 (kW).
Q
cs
= P
cs
. tg = 2,2185 .1 = 2.2185 (kW)
Vi bng n si t tg = 1 ; vi bng n tup hay n hunh quang chn
tg=0,6 0.8 .
2.1.5 - Ph ti tnh ton ton phn xng c kh
Ph ti tnh ton ca phn xng c tnh theo cng thc sau :
2
4
1
2
4
1
.
,
_
+ +
,
_
+
cs ttnhi ttCS ttnhi dt ttpcCK
Q Q P P K S
Vi K
t
l h s ang xt ti s lm vic ng thi gia cc nhm my trong phn xng
v K
t
= 0,8 0,85
( ) ( ) 157 2185 , 2 88 , 130 2185 , 2 4 , 98 85 . 0 .
2 2
2
4
1
2
4
1
+ + +
,
_
+ +
,
_
+
cs ttnhi ttCS ttnhi dt ttpcCK
Q Q P P K S
(kVA).
P
ttPX
= S
ttPX
.cos
TB
= 157.0,65 = 102,65 (kW).
3 , 119 65 , 102 157
2 2 2 2

ttPX ttPX ttPX
P S Q (kVAr).
Dng in tnh ton ca ton phn xng:
54 , 238
38 , 0 . 3
157
. 3

m
ttPX
ttPX
U
S
I
(A).
2.2 - TNH TON PH TI CA TON NH MY
Ph ti ca ton nh my c xc nh theo cng thc:
( ) ( )
2
. .

+
ttPX ttPX pt t ttNM
Q P K K S
Trong : K
t
l h s ngthi xt n kh nng ph ti ln nht ca phn xng
K
t
= 0,9.
K
pt
l h s k n kh nng pht trin thm ph ti trong tng lai ca nh my :
K
pt
= 1,05 - 1,15.
P
ttNM
=250 +102,65+350+330+400+400+150+180+200+140+50+50+60=2662.65(kW).
Q
ttNM
= 200+119,3+260+280+380+120+140+180+120+35+25+75=1934,3( kVAr).
P
cskt
= P
0
. (S
tnm
S
px
) = 12.(9628 2723) = 12.6905 = 82860 (W) = 82,86 ((kW)
Q
cskt
= P
cskt
. tg= 82,86.0,8 = 66,288
( ) ( ) 01 , 3516 688 , 2000 51 , 2745 . 15 , 1 . 9 , 0 . .
2 2
2 2
+ + + +
cskt ttPX cskt ttPX pt t ttNM
Q Q P P K K S (kVA).
Bng 2 3 : Bng ph ti tnh ton ca nh my
STT Tn phn xng
B
Loi h P
tt
(kW)
Q
tt
(kVAr)
1. C in 250 200 2
2. C kh 1 94,2 125,6 1
3. C kh 2 350 260 1
4. Rn, dp 330 280 1
5. c thp 400 380 1
6. c gang 400 320 1
7. Dng c 150 120 2
8. Mc mu 180 140 2
9. Lp rp 200 180 2
10. Kim nghim 140 120 1
11. Kho 1 50 35 2
12. Kho 2 50 25 2
13. Nh hnh chnh 60 75 1
14. Ton nh my 2745,51 2000,688
CHNG III
THIT K H THNG CUNG CP IN CHO PHN XNG V
TON NH MY
A THIT K H THNG CUNG CP IN CHO PHN XNG C KH
3.1 T VN :
Mng in phn xng dng cung cp v phn phi in nng cho phn xng
n phi m bo cc yu cu v kinh t, k thut nh : n gin, tit kim v vn u t,
thun li khi vn hnh v sa cha, d dng thc hin cc bin php bo v v t ng
ha, m bo cht lng in nng, gim n mc nh nht cc tn tht ph.
S ni dy ca phn xng c 3 dng c bn :
- S ni dy hnh tia : u im l vic ni dy n gin, tin cy cao, d thc
hin cc bin php bo v v t ng ha, d vn hnh, bo qun sa cha nhng c
nhc im l vn u t ln. thng c dng cc h loi I v loi II

- S ni dy phn nhnh : u im ca s ny l tn t cp , chng loi cp
cng t. N thch hp vi cc phn xng c ph ti nh, phn b khng ng u.
Nhc im l tin cy cung cp in thp thng dng cho cc h loi III .

- S ni dy hn hp : C ngha l phi hp cc kiu s trn tu theo cc
yu cu ring ca tng ph ti hoc ca cc nhm ph ti.
T nhng u khuyt im trn ta dng s hn hp ca hai dng s trn cp
in cho phn xng, c th l :
- T phn phi ca phn xng: t 1 ptmt tng pha t trm bin p v v 5 ptmt
nhnh cp in cho 4 t ng lc v 1 t chiu sng.
- Cc t ng lc: Mi t c cp in t thanh gp t phn phi ca phn xng bng
mt ng cp ngm hnh tia, pha u vo t ptmt hoc cu dao v cu ch lm
nhim v ng ct, bo v qu ti v ngn mch cho cc thit b trong phn xng. Cc
nhnh ra cng t cc cu dao, cu ch nhnh cung cp trc tip cho cc ph ti,
thng cc t ng lc c ti a 8 - 12 u ra v vy i vi cc nhm c s my ln s
ni chung cc my c cng sut b li vi nhau cng mt u ra ca t ng lc.
- Trong mt nhm ph ti: Cc ph ti c cng sut ln th c cp bng ng cp
hnh tia cn cc ph ti c cng sut b v xa t ng lc th c th gp thnh nhm v
c cung cp bng ng cp trc chnh.
3. 2 CHN S CP IN CHO PHN XNG C KH
Qua phn tch trn i vi phn xng c kh ta dng s hn hp cung cp
in cho phn xng : S nguyn l nh hnh v :
in nng nhn t thanh ci h p ca MBA phn xng qua aptomat a v t
phn phi bng ng cp ng lc ( cp 1) sau t t phn phi c cc l ra dn v cc
t ng lc qua h thng cp ( cp 2). T t ng lc in nng c a n cc thit b
bng dy dn cch in lun trong ng st. Vic ng ct v bo v y dng cu dao
v aptomat.
3.3 CHN THIT B BO V CHO PHN XNG
3.3.1 Chn dy chy bo v cho tng my :
Chn dy chy ca cu ch da vo cc yu cu sau :
- Dy chy phi khng c chy khi dng cho php lu di ln nht chy qua, cho
php qu ti ngn hn nh khi ng ng c.
- Dy chy phi chy khi c dng ngn mch chy qua hoc dng qu ti ln hn
gi tr cho php.
Cc iu kin chn :
'

a
I K
a
I
I
U
P
I I
dmdc mm dnh
dc
dm
dmdc
dmdc dc
.
cos 3
Trong : I
mdc
: - dng in nh mc ca ng c.
I
dc
dng in nh mc ca dy chy cu ch
A h s ph thuc iu kin khi ng.
- Vi ng c m my khng ti a = 2,5.
- Vi ng c m my c ti a = 1,6 2,5
- Vi my hn a = 1,6.
I
n
Dng in nh nhn.
k
mm
H s m my ca ng c
- Vi ng c KB k
mm
= 5 7.
- Vi ng c ng b k
mm
= 2 2,5.
- Vi my hn v l h quang k
mm
>3.
U
m
in p nh mc ca li in ( in p dy) kV.
P
m
Cng sut nh mc ca ng c kW
Cos - H s cng sut nh mc ca ng c cho trong l lch my.
Tnh cho my khoan:
I
mc
= 28,05(A); I
mm
= I
n
= 28,05.5 = 140.25 (A).
I
dc
28,05 (A).
I
dc

1 , 56
5 , 2
25 , 140
(A).
Chn loi cu ch c I
mdc
= 60 (A), c k hiu l H2 100.
Lm tng t cho cc my khc ta c bng sau:
Bng 3 1: Chn thng s cu ch bo v cho cc thit b in
TT Tn thit b K hiu I
m
(A)
( ) A
a
I
n
Loi cu ch I
dc
(A) I
ct gii
hn
(KA)
NHM I
1 My khoan 1 28,05 56,1
H2 100
60 5
2 My doa 3 7 14
H2 40
20 5
3 My tin 4 16,36 32,72
H2 100
40 5
4 My tin 5 17,53 35,06
H2 100
40 5
5 My tin 6 10,52 21,04
H2 100
40 5
6 My phay 9 16,36 32,72
H2 100
40 5
NHM II
1 My bo 7 10,52 21,04
H2 100
40 5
2 My bo 8 16,36 32,72
H2 100
40 5
3 My phay 9 16,36 32,72
H2 100
40 5
4 My phay 10 16,36 32,72
H2 100
40 5
5 My mi
trn
11 6,55 13,1
H2 40
20 5
6 My phay 13 35,1 70,2
H2 100
80 5
7 My sc 16 11,7 23,4
H2 40
40 5
NHM III
1 My sc 16 11,7 23,4
H2 40
40 5
2 My tin 18 23,4 46,8
H2 100
50 5
3 My doa 20 28,05 56,1
H2 100
60 5
4 My tin 24 16,36 32,72
H2 100
40 5
5 My BA hn
380/65V
27 17,53 35,06
H2 - 100
40 5
NHM IV
1 My tin 17 23,4 46,8
H2 100
50 5
2 My ca
thp
21 11,7 23,4
H2 40
40 5
3 T sy 3 pha 26 58,5 117
H2 250
120 5
4 My phay 28 28,05 56,1
H2 100
60 5
5 My phay 29 28,05 56,1
H2 100
60 5
3.3.2 - Chn dy dn cung cp cho cc thit b:
Dy dn cung cp trong mng in p thp ca phn xng chn theo iu kin pht nng
( dng in lm vic lu di cho php). V khong cch t t ng lc ti cc thit b
cng nh t t phn phi h p ti cc t ng lc ngn, thi gian lm vic ca cc my
cng c t, nu chn tho mt dng in kinh t s gy lng ph kim loi mu nn dy
dn ch chn theo iu kin pht nng l .
Xc nh c dy chn di t ( trong trng hp ny cn xc nh h s K):
Xc nh h s hiu chnh K
Vi mch chn trong t, K s c trng cho iu kin lp t:
K =K
1
.K
2
.K
3
.K
4
H s K th hin ton din ca iu kin lp t v l tch K
1
, K
2
, K
3
, K
4
Cc gi tr ca mt vi h s s c cho trong bng 4 v bng 5
H s K
1
: K
1
th hin cch lp t .
Bng 3-2 : H s K
1
theo cch lp t
Cch lp t K
1
t trong ng bng t nung,
ng ngm hoc rnh c
0,8
Trng hp khc 1
H s K
2
: K
2
th hin s dy t k nhau ( cc dy c coi l k nhau nu
khong cch L gia chng nh hn 2 ln ng knh ca dy ln nht trong hai dy ).
Bng 3-3 : H s K
2
cho s dy trong hng.
nh v dy t
k nhau
K
2
Chn ngm
S mch hoc cp nhiu li
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 16 20
1 0,8 0,7 0,65 0,6 0,57 0,54 0,52 0,5 0,45 0,41 0,38
Bng 3- 4 : H s K
3
th hin nh hng ca t chn cp
Tnh cht ca t K
3
Rt t (bo ha) 1,21
t 1,13
m 1,05
Kh 1
Rt kh 0,86
Bng 3 - 5 : H s K
4
ph thuc nhit t
t
0
t
0
C
Cch in
PVC
XLPE, EPR ( cao su ethylen
propylen)
10 1,1 1,07
15 1,05 1,04
20 1 1
25 0,95 0,96
30 0,89 0,93
35 0,84 0,89
40 0,77 0,85
45 0,71 0,8
50 0,63 0,76
55 0,55 0,71
60 0,45 0,65
Theo iu kin chn cch lp t s dng ta xc nh cc h s nh sau:
K
1
= 1, K
2
= 1, K
3
= 1, K
4
= 0,95 K = 0,95.
K
I
I
K
I
I
LV
CP
dc
CP
max
.
Vi - l h s iu chnh
- i vi mng ng lc th = 3.
- i vi mng sinh hot th = 0,8
- i vi mng cung cp cho ph ti c bit th = 1,25 1,5.
Tnh cho my khoan:
Ta c: P
m
= 12 (kW); cos = 0,65; k
sd
= 0,2.
iu kin chn:
( )
( ) A
K
I
I
A
K
I
I
LV
CP
dc
CP
53 , 29
95 , 0
05 , 28
05 , 21
3 . 95 , 0
60
.
max

Vi gi tr cho php ca my khoan ta chn cp ng c cch in PVC do hng LENS

ch to c thng s:
S = 1,5 mm
2
; I
CP
(trong nh) = 31 (A).
Loi dy dn chn su 0,7 m vi nhit tiu chun ca dy dn l 55
0
C, nhit mi
trng l 25
0
C. Tra bng 4.28 trang 379 TL HTCC
Lm tng t cho cc my khc ta c bng s liu sau:
Bng 3 6: Tnh chn dy dn cho phn xng c kh
TT Nhm Tn thit b I
CPtt
Thng s ca cp
max
d
li
d
v
(mm) r
0 20
0
C
S i
CPchn
mm Min Max /km mm
2
(A)
1
I
My khoan
29,53
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
2
My doa
7,4
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
3
My tin
17,22
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
4
My tin
18,45
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
5
My tin
11,07
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
6
My phay
17,22
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
7
My bo
11,7
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
8
II
My bo
17,22
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
9
My phay
17,22
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
10
My phay
17,22
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
11
My mi trn
6,7
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
12
My phay
36,95
1,8 5,7 7 7,41 2,5 41
13
My sc
12,32
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
14
III
My sc
12,32
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
15
My tin
24,6
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
16
My doa
29,53
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
17
My tin
17,22
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
18
My BA hn
380/65V
28,45
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
19 IV
My tin
24,6
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
20
My ca thp 12,32
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
21
T sy 3 pha
61,6
2,9 6,9 8,2 3,08 6 66
22
My phay
29,53
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
23
My phay
29,53
1,4 5,3 6,6 12,1 1,5 31
3.3.3 - Chn dy chy bo v cho tng nhm my:
Nhm 1: i vi 1 nhm my dng nh nhn xut hin khi m my thit b c
cng sut ln nht cn cc thit b khc lm vic bnh thng. bo v cho tng nhm
my chn dy bo v theo iu kin sau y:
I
DC
I
ttnh
= 66,85 (A)
6 , 80
5 , 2
05 , 28 . 2 , 0 85 , 66 05 , 28 . 5 . .
max max
m sd ttnh m mm
DCnh
I K I I K
I
(A).
I
DCnh
I
Dcimax
.
I
Dcimax
l dng nh mc ca thit b c dng m my ln nht trong nhm:
Tra bng 2.32 trang 644 TL CC ta chn c loi cu ch H2 100 c I
DC
= 80 (A).
Cc nhm khc tnh ton tng t ta c kt qu ghi bng sau:
Bng 3 -7 : Thng s cu ch cc nhm my phn xng c kh s 1
Nhm I
ttnh
(A)
I
n
/ (A)
Loi CC Chn I
DC
(A).
Dng in ct
gii hn
I 66,85 80,6
H2 - 100
90 50
II 78,75 102,444
H2 - 250
110 50
III 89,64 92,55
H2 - 100
100 50
IV 96,17 154,74
H2 - 250
160 50
Chn dy chy cho ph ti chiu sng :
iu kin chn : I
DCcs
I
m
= I
tt
= 66,85
Theo bng 2.32 trang 644 sch CC chn cu ch loi H2 100 c I
DC
= 40 (A).
3.3.4 Chn cp dn cung cp cho tng nhm my :
iu kin chn : U
mcp
U
mmng
; [I]
K
I
ttnh
Tnh ton cho nhm I :

[ ] ( ) A
K
I
I
ttnh
4 , 70
95 , 0
85 , 66

Chn cp 4 li cch in PVC do Hng LENS (sch HTCC-trang 380) ch to c s
liu sau :
S = 10mm
2
; I
CP
= 87 (A) k hiu 4G.
Tng t cho nhm II, III, IV ta lp c bng chn cp cho tng nhm my.
Bng 3 -7 : Thng s k thut cp cho cc nhm my ca phn xng c kh s 1
Nhm I
ttnh [I]
Tham s k thut ca cp
S d(mm) V R
0
/km
I
CP
A
mm
2
Li min max
I 66,85 70,4 4x10 3,8 15 18,5 1,83 87
II 78,75 82,9 4x10 3,8 15 18,5 1,83 87
III 89,64 94,4 4x16 4,8 17 21 1,15 113
IV 96,17 101,2
3
4x16 4,8 17 21 1,15 113
3.3.5 Chn t phn phi
iu kin chn t phn phi :
160). 100, 110, , 90 (
). ( 41 , 331
. 380
.

dcnhi dmra
ttpxCK dmvo
dmmang tu dm
I I
A I I
V U U
S l ra n 5.
Tra ti liu bng 2 10 trang 628 sch CC ta chn loi t C-7/I c I
mvo
= 400 (A) v
s l ra l : 8 x 100.
3.3.6 Chn t ng lc
iu kin chn:
dctbi dmra
ttnhi dmvo
dmmang mtu
I I
I I
V U U
. 380
S u ra l : n > 5
Xt cho nhm 1 :
'

) 40 , 40 , 40 , 40 , 40 , 20 , 60 (
) ( 85 , 66
dctbbi dmra
ttnhi dmvo
I I
A I I
Chn loi t c cu dao cu ch k hiu C58 7/I c I
mvo
= 400 (A) v s l ra l 8 x
100.
Tng t chn t cho cc nhm khc ta c bng la chn sau :
Bng 3 -8 : Thng s k thut ca t ng lc phn xng c kh
Nhm Loi t I
ttnh
(A) I
mvo
(A) S l ra
I C58 7/I 66,85 400 8x100
II C58 7/I 78,75 400
8x100
III C58 7/I 89,64 400
8x100
IV C58 7/I 96,17 400
8x100
3.3.6.Chn aptomat nhnh A
nh
cung cp in cho cc t ng lc
Aptomat nhnh A
1
cung cp cho nhm 1
Dng qua aptomat trong ch ph ti cc i ( tnh trong chng 1) chnh bng dng
in tnh ton ca nhm ph ti 1:
Itt = 68,85
Aptomat c chn phi tho mn iu kin
I
dmA
I
tt
= 68,85
Vy ta chn aptomat NC100H c cc thng s bng 3-8.1:
+ Kim tra aptomat c chn
U
mA
= 440 V >U
mL
= 380 V
I
mA
= 100 A > I
tt
= 68,85A
- Dng ct ngn mch ca aptomat kim tra sau khi tnh ngn mch
Tnh ton tng t cho cc nhm cn li ta c:
Bng thng s cc aptomat nhnh
Bng thng s cc aptomat nhnh
A
nhnh
I
tt
,A Loi S cc U
m
,V I
dm
, A I
Nmax
, kA
A
1
68,85 NC100H 3 440 100 6
A
2
78,75 NC100H 3 440 100 6
A
3
89,64 NC100H 3 440 100 6
A
3
96,17 NC125H 3 415 125 10
-Chn Aptomat cho 5 nhnh u ra l : NC125H c thng s k thut nh bng trn
3.3.7 Chn p tomat bo v cho cc phn xng :
iu kin chn :
U
mATM
U
mmng
;
I
mATM
I
mBA
I
ttPX
= 238,5 (A).
Cn c vo s liu tnh ton ta chn aptomat do hng MERLIGERIN ch to c cc s
liu sau(PL 3.3 sch HTCC trang 355 ):
Loi NS250N c s cc l 3, I
m
= 250 (A), U
m
= 690 (V), I
N
= 8 (KV).
Tnh tng t cho cc phn xng khc ta s chn c cc loi aptomat c cc thng s
k thut nh bng :
Bng 3 9 : Bng thng s k thut ca p t mt bo v cho cc Phn xng ca nh
my c kh
Tn phn xng I
ttPX
(A)
Tham s k thut ca Aptomat
Loi ATM I
m
(A) U
m
(V)
I
N-
(KV)
S cc
S
lng
C in 486,43 NS630N 630 690 10 2-3-4 01
C kh s 1 220,76 NS250N 250 690 8 2-3- 4 01
C kh s 2 662,44 C801N 800 690 25 3-4 01
Rn, dp 657,5 C801N 800 690 25 3-4 01
c thp 838,26 C10001N 1000 690 25 3 4 01
c gang 778,3 C801N 800 690 25 3 4 01
Dng c 291,9 NS400N 400 690 10 3 4 01
Mc mu 346,5 NS400N 400 690 10 2-3-4 01
Lp rp 408,8 NS630N 630 690 10 2-3-4 01
Kim nghim 280,15 NS400N 400 690 10 2-3-4 01
Kho 1 92,73 C100E 100 500 7,5 3 01
Kho 2 84,9 C100E 100 500 7,5 3 01
Nh hnh chnh 145,93 C225E 225 500 7,5 3 01
B - THIT K H THNG CUNG CP IN CHO NH MY C KH
3.1 T VN
Mng in nh my l mt phn quan trng trong ton b cng vic cung cp in cho
nh my. Vic thit k mt mng in l hp l m sbaor cc ch tiu yu cu v kinh t
k thut l mt vic ht sc kh khn. Mng in nh my bao gm 2 phn bn trong v
bn ngoi nh my. Phn bn trong bao gm cc trm bin p phn xng v cc ng
dy cung cp vo cc phn xng, phn bn ngoi nh my bao gm ng dy nhn
in t h thng in dn ti nh my.
Khi thit k mng in nh my cn m bo cc yu cu sau :
3.1.1 V mt kinh t :
- Vn u t ban u phi nh.
- Chi ph vn hnh hng nm l nh nht.
- Tit kim c vt liu
3.1.2 V k thut
- m bo lin tc cung cp in ph hp vi yu cu tng loi h ph ti.
- m bo cht lng in nng ph hp vi mc quan trng ca cc h tiu
th.
- S i dy phi n gin, x l nhanh, thao tc khng nhm ln.
Trong thc t th kinh t v k thut lun mu thun nhau, phng n tt v mt k
thut th vn u t li qu cao tuy nhin ch ph vn hnh hng nm nh. Ngc li
phng n c vn u t nh th chi ph vn hnh hng nm li ln. Do la chn
phng n cung cp in ta phi so snh c v kinh t v k thut ca cc phng n sao
cho va m bo v yu cu k thut va m bo cc ch tiu kinh t.
3.2 CHN PHNG N CUNG CP IN CHO NH MY
3.2.1 - Chn s cung cp in:
y nh my l h ph ti loi 1 do m bo tnh lin tc cung cp in ta
phi dng 2 tuyn ng dy ly t 2 ngun khc nhau vi cp in p l 35 KV.
Bn trong nh my thng dng 2 loi s chnh l: s hnh tia v s phn nhnh,
ngoi ra cn c th kt hp c 2 s thnh s hn hp.
Chn s i dy:
S hnh tia, s phn nhnh hay s hn hp mi loi s u c nhng
u nhc im ca n v phm vi s dng thun li i vi tng nh my.
Cn c vo yu cu CC ca nh my ta chn s hnh tia cung cp in cho
nh my. S hnh tia c tin cy CC cao hn, bo v rle lm vic d dng khng
nhm ln. S hnh tia thun tin cho vic sa cha v d phn cp bo v, mc d vn
u t c cao nhng chi ph vn hnh hng nm li nh.
Xt c im ca nh my l ph ti phn b khng u v khng lin k hn na
trong nh my cc phn xng phn b khng c quy lut nht nh. Ph ti ca nh my
l ph ti loi 1 do ta chn s hnh tia cung cp in cho nh my.
3.2.2 - Chn dung lng v s lng my bin p phn xng:
CC cho cc phn xng ti dng cc MBA in lc t cc trm bin p
phn xng bin i in p 35 KV ca li thnh cp in p 0,4 KV cung cp cho phn
xng.
Cc trm BA t cng gn trung tm ph ti cng tt gim tn tht in p v
tn tht cng sut. Trong 1 nh my nn chn cng t loi MBA cng tt iu ny thun
tin cho vic vn hnh v sa cha, thay th v vic chn thit b cao p, thun li cho
vic mua sm thit b.
S lng v dung lng MBA trong trm phi m bo sao cho vn u t v chi
ph vn hnh hng nm l nh nht ng thi ph hp vi yu cu CC ca nh my.
Da vo nhng yu cu c bn trn, cn c vo s mt bng nh my v ph ti ca
cc phn xng yu cu CC vi ph ti tnh ton ca nh my c kh s 3 :
- S
ttNM
= 3516,01 (KVA) , Ngun cung cp c cp in p l 35 KV.
- Nh my thuc h ph ti loi I.
Sau y l mt s phng n CC.
a - Phng n 1:
Phng n ny dng 6 MBA c cng sut S
m
= 750 KVA . MBA ny do Vit Nam
sn xut c cp in p l 35/ 0,4 KV c t lm 3 trm B
1
(2 my), B
2
(2 my), B(2
my) ph ti phn b cho tng tng my nh trong bng ( 3-11 ).
b - Phng n 2:
Phng n ny dng 7 MBA c cng sut S
m
= 560 KVA c cp in p l 35/ 0,4 KV do
Vit nam sn xut c t lm 3 trm B
1
(3 my), B
2
(2 my), B
3
(2 my). Ph ti ca tng
trm ghi trong bng (3-11).
Bng 3 10 : Bng tham s k thut ca MBA do Vit Nam ch to ch to:
Loi
S
m
KVA
U
m
Tn tht W
m
% U
N
% i
0
%
Gi
()
Cao H P
0
P
N
750
35/0,4
750 35 0,4 4100 11900 97,91 6,5 6,5 19600
560
35/0,4
560 35 0,4 3300 9400 97,77 6,5 6,5 17600
Bng 3 -11: Bng cc phng n cp in cho cc Phn xng nh my
Phng
n
Tn
trm
S
m
S lng CC cho cc phn
xng
S
ttpx
k
pt
I
B
1
750
2
c gang+c
thp+Mc mu
1252,01 0,84
B
2
750
2
Rn dp+C kh 1+C
kh 2+C in
1345,88 0,9
B
3
750
2
Kho vt t+Nh hnh
chnh+Lp rp+Kim
nghim+Kho sn phm
885,23 0,6
II
B1
560
3
c thp +c
gang+Rn dp
1496,75 0,89
B2 560
2
Mc mu+Kho vt
t+Nh hnh
chnh+Kho sn
phm+Kim
nghim+Lp rp
1113,27 0,99
B3
560 2 C in+C Kh 1+C
Kh 2
913,16 0,82
Qua 2 phng n CC cho nh my trn c nhng u nhc im nh sau:
- MBA c chn u l MBA do Vit nam ch to cng chng loi s ,
cch u dy tng i n gin nn thun li cho vic sa cha, vn hnh v thay th.
m bo c yu cu v k thut cung cp in cho cc h ph ti quan trng. c
kt lun chnh xc, la chn phng n CC hp l nht ta cn phi so snh c 2 phng
n ny v ch tiu kinh t, k thut.
3.2.3 So snh cc phng n
a - So snh v ch tiu k thut:
Phng n 1:
Phng n ny dng 6 MBA mi my c S
m
= 750 (kVA). 35/0,4 kV
t lm 3 trm, vic phn phi ti cho cc my nh hnh (2-3).Trong iu kin lm
vic bnh thng ta cho mi trm 2MBA c cng sut S
m
=750 KVA lm vic song song.
H s ph ti ca cc my: K
PT
=
mBA
ttBA
S
S
MBA 1:
84 , 0
750 . 2
01 , 1252
750 . 2
01 , 1252

pt
mBA
ttBA
k
kVA S
kVA S

Tnh ton tng t ta c kt qu bng 3-11.
-Cc trm BA u c 2 MBA 750 KVA ta thit k sao cho khi mt 1 my th 1 my cn
li phi mang ti ca cc h ph ti loi I. C th l 1 MBA lm vic qu ti c cng sut l:
S
qt
= 1,4S
m
= 1,4.750 = 1050 (KVA)
Ph ti loi I trm 1 c cng sut l:
S
LI
= S
PX c thp
+ S
PX c gang
= 1020,97 (KVA)
- Trm 2 c ph ti loi 1 l:
S
L1
= S
PX C kh1
+S
PX C Kh2
+S
Rn dp
=780.3(kVA)
Nh vy y ta thit k m bo yu cu v tnh lin tc CC cho cc h ph
ti loi I S
qt
> S
L1.

-Trm 3 c ph ti loai1 l:
S
L1
= S
Kim Nghim
+S
Hnh chnh
= 280 (kVA)
ti loi I S
qt
> S
L1.
Trng hp nu 1 thanh ci b hng ta c th dng ATM lin lc hoc
dng 1 thanh ci d phng.
Phng n 2:
Phng n II ta dng 7 MBA 560-35/ 0,4 KV t thnh 3 trm ph ti ca cc
phn xng c phn b nh trong bng (3-11).
Trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng ta cho cc MBA trong 1 trm lm vic song song.
Trm 1: 3MBA 560:
91 , 0
1120
97 , 1023
1120 560 . 2
97 , 1023

pt
mBA
ttBA
k
kVA S
kVA S
Tnh ton tng t ta c kt qu bng 3-11.
Nh my thuc h ph ti loi I nn ta phi ly t nht 2 ngun cung cp cho nh my
hoc c th dng 1 ngun v 1 ngun d phng hoc dng my pht d phng. Trng
hp nu 1 thanh ci b hng ta c th dng ATM lin lc hoc dng 1 thanh ci d phng.
- Trm 1: Vi 3 MBA 560 KVA ta thit k sao cho khi mt 1 my th 2 my cn li
phi lm vic song song v mang ti ca cc h ph ti loi I. C th l 2 MBA lm
vic qu ti c cng sut l: S
qt
= 2.1,4.S
m
= 2.1,4.560 = 1568 (KVA)
Nh vy i vi trm 1 lc ny: S
qt
= 1568 (KVA)
S
L1
= S
PX c thp
+ S
PX c gang
+S
rn dp
= 1453,75 (KVA).
- Trm 2: Vi 2 MBA 560 ta thit k sao cho khi mt 1 my th my cn li phi
mang ti ca h ph ti loi 1. C th khi mt my lm vic qu ti l:
S
qt
=1,4.S
m
=1,4.560=784(kVA)
Trm 2 lc ny: S
L1
= S
hnh chnh
+S
Kim nghim
=280,44(kVA)
- Trm 3: Tng t trm 2 c ph ti loi 1 l:
S
L1
=S
C kh 1
+S
C kh2
=593,4
ti loi I S
qt
> S
L1.
Trng hp nu 1 thanh ci b hng ta c th dng ATM lin lc hoc
dng 1 thanh ci d phng.
.Kt lun: Ta thy c 2 phng n u m bo cc yu cu v k thut, p ng
c yu cu CC i vi cc h ph ti loi I. quyt nh xem s chn phng n
no ta phi so snh c cc ch tiu v kinh t ca 2 phng n trn.
b - So snh v ch tiu kinh t:
thun tin cho vic tnh ton so snh v kinh t th gia cc phng n ta quan
tm n nhng yu t nh hng chnh l:
- Vn u t ban u (tin mua MBA ).
- Chi ph vn hnh hng nm.
- Tn tht in nng trong phm vi phn xng.
C Phng n 1:
Phng n ny dng 6 MBA 750-35/ 0,4 do Vit Nam ch to t lm 3 trm. Ta
c th p dng cng thc:
A
trm
= A
BAi

A
BAi
= P
0
t + P
n
.K
pt
2
.
Trong : n: L s MBA.
t: Thi gian dng in chy qua MBA hng nm. T = 8760 h
: Thi gian chu tn tht cng sut ln nht. Tmax, Cos
NM
.Vi nh my
c kh s 1 ,T
Max
= 7000h, Cos = 0,65 tra bng 4-1 (HTCC trang 49) ta c: = 6100h.
P
0
= P
0
+K
kt
.Q
0
(KW) (1)
P
n
= P
n
+K
kt
.Q
n
(KW) (2)
Vi Q
0
= i
0 %
.
100
m
S

Q
n
= U
n %
.
100
m
S
Trong : K
kt
l ng lng kinh t ca cng sut phn khng.
K
kt
= 0,05 (KW/KVAR)
Tn tht in nng phng n I:
Vi trm 1 c 2 my bin p ta p dng cng thc:
A
BA
= P
0
.t + P
n
.K
pt
2
.
- MBA 1 c: t = 8760 h, K
pt
= 0,84 , = 6100 h
P
0
= 4,1 + 0,05.
6 5750
100
6 53
, .
, ( KW )
P
n
= 11,9 + 0,05.
6 5750
100
14 33
, .
, ( KW )
A
BA1
=A
BA2
= 6,53.8760 +14,33.(0,84)
2
.6100 = 118881,413 (KWh).
- Trm 2 c 2 MBA c cc thng s: t = 8760 h, K
pt
= 0,9 , = 6100 h
A
BA2
= 6,53.8760 +14,33(0,9)
2
.6100 = 128007,33 (KWh)
- Trm 3 c 2 MBA c cc thng s: t = 8760 h, K
pt
= 0,6 , = 6100 h.
A
BA3
= 6,53.8760 +14,33(0,6)
2
.6100 = 88671,5 (KWh)
Vi phng n 1 ta c tng tn tht in nng l:
A
1
= A
BA1
+ A
BA2
+ A
BA3
= 335566,243 (kWh).
V vn u t:
K
1
= n.V
1

Trong : K
1
:L tin mua cc MBA.
V
1
: Gi tin mua mt MBA.
n: S MBA phi dng.
Phng n I: 6 my 750 kVA
K
1
= n.V
1
= 6 x 19600 = 117600 .
Chi ph vn hnh hng nm:
C
1
= .K
i
+ A
i
.g
Trong : l gi tr khu hao hng nm = 0,1
A
i
: Tng tn tht in nng A
i
= A
1
=335566,243 (KWh)
g : Gi thnh 1 KW/h : g = 0,1 /KWh
C
1
= 0,1.117600 + 335566,243.0,1 = 45316,6243 (/n).
Chi ph quy dn:
Z
i
= E
m
.K
i
+ C
i
Trong E
m
=
m
T
1
l h s sinh li ca vn do nh nc quy nh. Vi nh my c kh
th T
m
= 5 nm
E
m
=
m
E
1
=
1
5
= 0,2
Z
1
= 0,2. 117600 + 45316,6243 = 68836,6243 (/n)
C Phng n 2:
Xc nh tng t nh trn ta c tn tht in nng phng n II:
- Trm II: t = 8760 h, K
pt
= 0,89 , = 6100 h
P
0
= 3,3 + 0,05.
6 5560
100
512
, .
, ( KW )
P
n
= 9,4 + 0,05.
6 5560
100
11 22
, .
, ( KW )
A
trI
= 2.5,12.8760 +
1
2
.11,12.(0,89)
2
.6100 = 116567,2636 (KWh)
-Tnh ton i vi trm II ta c:
A
trII
= 2.5,12.8760 +
1
2
.11,12.(0,99)
2
.6100 = 122943,5 (KWh)
-Tnh ton i vi trm III ta c:
A
trII
= 2.5,12.8760 +
1
2
.11,12.(0,82)
2
.6100 = 112507,52 (KWh)
A
2
= A
trI
+ A
trII
=116567,2636 + 122943,5 + 112507,52 = 352018,3 (KWh)
V vn u t:
K
2
= n.V
2

Trong : K
2
: L tin mua cc MBA.
V
2
: Gi tin mua mt MBA.
n: S MBA phi dng.
Phng n II: 7 my 560 kVA
K
2
= n.V
2
= 7 x 17600 = 123200 .
Chi ph vn hnh hng nm:
C
2
= .K
i
+ A
i
.g
Trong : l gi tr khu hao hng nm = 0,1
A
i
: Tng tn tht in nng A
i
= A
2
= 352018,3 (KWh)
g : Gi thnh 1 KW/h : g = 0,1 /KWh
C
2
= 0,1.123200 + 352018,3.0,1 = 47521,83 (/n).
Chi ph quy dn:
Z
i
= E
m
.K
i
+ C
i
Trong E
m
=
m
T
1
l h s sinh li ca vn do nh nc quy nh. Vi nh my c kh
th T
m
= 5 nm
E
m
=
m
E
1
=
1
5
= 0,2
Z
2
= 0,2.123200 + 47521,83 = 72161,83 (/n).
Nh vy tn tht in nng ca phng n 2 ln hn phng n 1 l:
A = A
1
-
2
= 352018,3 - 335566,243 = 16452,057 (kWh)
Nu gi 1 kWh l 0,1 th trong 1 nm nu s dng phng n 1 s tit kim c
16452,057 x 0,1 = 1645,2057 .
Phng n 2 c s vn u t nh hn phng n 1:
123200 117600 = 5600 .
(Chnh lch ny nh hn 10%)
Ta thy chi ph vn hnh hng nm ca phng n 2 ln hn phng n 1 l:
72161,83 68836,6243 = 3325,2057 .
T phn tch trn ta thy phng n 1 tit kim c v tn tht hn, chi ph vn
hnh hng nm v chi ph quy i nh.
Vy ta quyt nh chn phng n cp in cho nh my c kh 01 l phng n 1.
3.3 - PH TI CA NH MY K C TN THT CNG SUT:
c cc s liu chnh xc cho vic tnh chn thit b trong mng in cho nh
my ta phi k n tn tht cng sut trong cc MBA.
3.3.1 - Xc nh tn tht trong cc MBA:
-Trm 1:P
1
= 2.P
0
+
2
1
P
n
.K
pt
2
= 2.6,53 +
2
1
.14,33.(0,84)
2
= 18,12 (KW)
Q
1
= Q
0
+ Q
n
.K
pt
2
= 48,75 + 48,75.(0,84)
2
= 83,15 (KW)
-Trm 2:P
2
= 2.6,53 +
2
1
14,33.(0,9)
2
= 18,86 (KW)
Q
2
= 48,75 + 48,75.(0,9)
2
= 88,24 (KW)
-Trm 3:P
3
=2. 6,53 +
2
1
14,33.(0,6)
2
= 15,64 (KW)
Q
3
= 48,75 + 48,75.(0,6)
2
= 66,3 (KW)
P = P
1
+ P
2
+ P
3
+ P
4
= 52,62 (kW)
Q = Q
1
+ Q
2
+ Q
3
+ Q
4
= 273,69 (kVAR)
Nh trn ta xc nh ph ti pha h p.
P
tt h p
= 2745,51 KW ; Q
tt h p
= 2000,688 kVAR
Sau khi k n tn tht trong cc MBA ta c:
P
ttnm
= P
tt h p
+ P = 2745,51 + 52,62 = 2789,13 (kW)
Q
ttnm
= Q
tt h p
+ Q = 2000,688 + 273,69 = 2274,4 (kVAR)
S
ttnm
= 3599 4 , 2274 13 , 2789
2 2 2 2
+ +
ttNM ttNM
Q P (kVA)
3.3.2 V tr t cc trm bin p phn xng
V tr t trm bin p phn xng c chn theo cc tiu chun sau:
- Cc trm bin p cp in cho nhiu phn xng th v tr ca trm c xc nh
theo tm ph ti sao cho gn tm ph ti nht, nh vy c th a in p cao n cc
phn xng tiu th, rt ngn mng phn phi h p, gim chi ph kim loi dy dn, v
gim tn tht
- Vi cc trm bin p cp in cho nhiu phn xng ta ln dng loi trm bin
p xy dng c lp, t gn tm ph ti
* Tm ph ti c tnh theo cng thc sau:
1
1
*
n
n
Si Xi
Xo
Si

1
1
*
n
n
Si Yi
Yo
Si

Cn c vo bn v mt bng nh my ta c th o ra cc to ca cc phn
xng t tnh c cc trung tm ph ti.
Ta tnh cho trm phn phi trung gian (Trung tm ph ti ca nh my).
68 , 118
88 , 3496
23 . 05 , 96 152 . 62 , 116 152 . 4 , 184 45 . 04 , 228 23 . 09 , 192 45 . 25 , 512
88 , 3496
157 . 07 , 269 157 . 72 , 551 157 . 72 , 432 157 . 436 152 . 157 152 . 16 , 320
+ + + + +
+
+ + + + +
X
7 , 167
88 , 3496
71 . 05 , 96 43 . 62 , 116 87 . 4 , 184 167 . 04 , 228 112 . 09 , 192 218 . 25 , 512
88 , 3496
116 . 07 , 269 193 . 72 , 551 220 . 72 , 432 174 . 436 198 . 157 148 . 16 , 320
+ + + + +
+
+ + + + +
Y
Xc nh to ca cc trm bin p phn xng:
Cn c vo s mt bng nh my ta c th o c cc to X = 110 ; Y=161 l to
trung tm ph ti .
thun tin trong vic thi cng trm bin p cng nh trong qu trnh vn hnh, bo
dng TBA ca nh my ta c th xy dng hai trm bin p cnh nhau tm ca ph ti
va xc nh.
3.2.3 - Chn cc thit b trong mng in nh my
Vic tnh chn cc thit b in nhm m bo cc thit b lm vic tin cy, lu di,
vn hnh an ton, sa cha thun li.
Cc iu kin chn gn ging cc iu kin lm vic trong ch lm vic di
hn nh I
m
, U
m
.Cc iu kin kim tra bao gm cc ch lm vic khng bnh thng
nh qu ti, ngn mch,cc iu kin v n nh nhit, n nh lc in ng v.v
Da vo s mng in c chn s b ta chn cc thit b trong mng in
cao p v h p.
A - CHN THIT B H P:
Trong mng in h ca nh my, do khong cch t trm bin p nh my ti cc
t phn phi ca phn xng l ngn nn ta chn tit din dy dn theo J
kt
C - Chn cp t trm bin p trung gian ti t phn phi phn xng
i vi nh my c kh do lm vic 3 ca, thi gian s dung cng sut ln nht l
4500h ,cp chn l cp li ng
Tra bng ta c J
kt
= 2,7 A/mm
2
Tit din kinh t ca cp
2
mm
j
I
F
kt
m
kt

Cp t TBA ti cc TPPPX l cp l kp (n =2) nn :

) (
. 3 . 2
A
U
S
I
m
ttPX
m

) (
. 3
max
A
U
S
I
m
ttPX
LV

Cn c vo tr s ca F
kt
tnh c ,tra bng la chn tit din dy dn chun gn nht
Kim tra tit din dy cp chn theo iu kin pht nng
K
hc
. I
cp
I
LV max
Trong
K
hc
= K
1
.K
2
h s hiu chnh
K
1
h s hiu chnh theo nhit ly K
1
=1
K
2
H s hiu chnh khi tnh ti s ng dy cng t chung trong cung mt
rnh, cc rnh u t 2 cp, khong cch gia cc si cp l 100 mm .
Tra bng ph lc ta c K
2
= 0.9
Do khong cch t TBA ti cc TPP l ngn nn ta khng kim tra theo tn tht
in p
Chn cp t TBA ti TPP phn xng c in :
Dng in cc i qua cp:
) ( 4 , 486
38 , 0 . 3
16 , 320
. 3
max
A
U
S
I
m
ttPX
LV

Tra bng ph lc 4.28 sch HTCC (trang 379)chn cp tiu chun gn nht l
240 mm
2
, cp ng 1 li, cch in PVC do LENS sn sut vi I
cp
= 599 A
Kim tra theo iu kin pht nng
0,9.I
cp
= 0,9.599 =539,1 I
LV max

Tnh ton tng t vi cc phn xng khc ta c bng chn cp cho cc phn
xng ca nh my nh sau :
Bng 3 12 : Thng s k thut ca cp t TBA ti cc phn xng
Nhm I
ttPX
Loi cp
Tham s k thut ca cp
S d(mm) V R
0
/km
I
CP
A mm
2
Li min max
C in
486,4
1*240 240 17,9 25,1 28,5 0,0754 590
C kh s 1
238,5 1*70
70 10,1 14,4 17 0,268 268
C kh s 2
662,4 1*400
400 23,2 31,1 34,5 0,047 825
Rn, dp
657,5 1*400
400 23,2 31,1 34,5 0,047 825
c thp
838,252 1*500
500 26,2 35,9 38,5 0,0366 946
c gang
778,3 1*500
500 26,2 35,9 38,5 0,0366 946
Dng c(kho vt t)
291,85 1*120
120 12,6 17,9 21 0,153 382
Mc mu
346,5 1*150
150 14 19,9 23 0,124 441
Lp rp
408,8 1*185
185 15,6 21,9 25,5 0,0991 506
Kim nghim
280,17 1*95
95 11,1 16,2 19 0,193 328
Kho 1 +2(sn phm)
117,19 1*50
50 8,4 12,7 15 0,387 207
Nh hnh chnh
81,82 1*50
50 8,4 12,7 15 0,387 207
C - Chn thanh ci h p cho MBA:
iu kin chn: U
mTC
U
m

mng
;

[ I ]
ha
LV
U K K K
S
. . . . 3
3 2 1
max
K
1
: H s k n mi trng ni t thanh ci, vi nhit mi trng l 30
0
C tra bng
ta c K
1
= 0,91
K
2
: H s iu chnh thanh ci ta dng 1 thanh ci nn K
2
= 1
K
3
: H s k n v tr t thanh ci,v t nm ngang nn K
3
= 0,95
[ I ]
3 , 1679
4 , 0 . 95 , 0 . 1 . 91 , 0 . 3
750 . 4 , 1
(A)
Tra bng 2-56 CC ta chn thanh ci bng ng c cc thng s bng 2-9:
Bng 2- 13: Thng s k thut thanh ci h p
Kch
thc(mm
2
)
Tit din 1
TC (mm
2
)
Khi lng
(kg/km)
Dng cho php mi
pha 1 thanh (A)
Vt liu Di
(m)
80x8 640 7120 1900 ng 5
C - Chn s thanh ci h p
iu kin chn: U
m

s
U
m mng
= 380 V
Tra bng 5-27 TKCC trang 227 ta chn s c s liu k thut nh bng 3-1:
Bng 3-14: Thng s k thut s thanh ci h p
Kiu Kch thc U
m
(kV) U
ph. kh
Ph ti ph
hoi (kg)
Khi lng
(kg)
0-1-750-OB
00-1-750-08 1 11 750 2,7
Ch thch: - l s
0 -
Ch s th nht l in p nh mc
Ch s th 2 l ph ti ph hoi
OB- hnh van
C - Chn ATM lin lc :
Trong 1 trm no khi b s c 1 MBA th ph ti quan trng ca nh my c
cung cp in thng qua ATM lin lc.
iu kin chn: U
mATM
U
m.mng
= 400 V
I
mATM
I
LV max

I
LVmax
: Dng lm vic ln nht chy qua ATM lin lc.
Ph ti quan trng ca trm I bao gm phn xng c gang, c thp
Sqt
TrI
= S
PX uc gang
+ S
PX c thp
= 1020,97 (KVA).
G s khi 1 MBA b hng th my cn li s mang ti ca cc ph ti quan trng nh
vy:
64 , 1473
4 , 0 . 3
97 , 1020
. 3
max

dm
qt
LV
U
S
I
(A)
Ph ti quan trng ca trm II gm phn xng rn dp, c kh 1, c kh 2.
S
LII
= S
PX rn dp
+ S
PX c kh1
+S
c kh 2
= 1025,72 (KVA)
Nh vy khi 1 my b hng th my cn li s CC cho cc h ph ti loi 1 thng
qua ATM lin lc. Do 2 ph ti ny li nm 2 MBA khc nhau nn khi mt 1 MBA th
my cn li thng qua ATM lin lc s CC cho 1 h ph ti quan trng cn 1 ph ti s
khng phi thng qua ATM lin lc nh vy ta tnh cho trng hp c dng I
LV max
ln
hn.
5 , 1480
4 , 0 . 3
72 , 1025
. 3
max

dm
qt
LV
U
S
I
(A)
Ph ti quan trng trm III gm phng kim nghim v phng hnh chnh:
S
qtIII
=S
kim nghim
+S
hnh chnh
=280,45
8 , 404
4 , 0 . 3
45 , 280
. 3
max

dm
qt
LV
U
S
I
(A)
Tra bng ta chn c ATM do hng MERLINGERLIN ch to c cc thng s sau:
Bng 3- 15: Thng s k thut ca Aptomat lin lc
Loi ATM S cc I
m
(A) U
m
(V) I
N
(KA)
CM-1600N 3 - 4 1600 690 50
M08 3 - 4 800 690 40
C - Chn ATM u ra ca MBA :
iu kin chn: U
mATM
U
m.mng
= 400 V
I
mATM
I
LV max

I
LVmax
: Dng lm vic ln nht chy qua ATM .
A
U
S
I
dm
qt
LV
54 , 1515
4 , 0 . 3
750 . 4 , 1
. 3
max

Tra bng ta chn c ptomat do hng MERLINGERLIN ch to c cc thng s sau:
Loi ATM S cc I
m
(A) U
m
(V) I
N
(KA)
CM-1600N 3 - 4 1600 690 50
B - CHN THIT B CAO P:
C - Chn dy dn trn khng a vo trm TBA NM:
nng cao tin cy CC cho nh my th trm phn phi trung gian c nhn
in t 2 ngun bng ng dy trn khng. V dy dn cp u l nhng b phn truyn
ti in nng v vy chng u c chn v kim tra ging nhau.
Thng thng ngi ta chn theo cc iu kin sau:
- bn c hc.
-Mt dng kinh t.
-iu kin pht nng.
-iu kin tn tht in p.
y ta chn theo iu kin pht nng [ I ] I
LV max
. Khi nhit khc vi mi trng
tiu chun th dng in cho php c hiu chnh li. [ I ]
2 1
max
.K K
I
LV
K
1
: H s khc vi mi trng tiu chun K
1
= 0,99 30
0
C
K
2
: Vi ng dy trn khng K
2
= 1.
[ I ]: Dng in cho php ca dy iu kin tiu chun.
[ I ]
6 , 56
1 . 99 , 0
04 , 56
(A) ; I
LV max
=
04 , 56
35 . 3
14 , 3397
. 3

dm
ttnm
U
S
(A)
Tra bng ph lc 4.34 HTCC (trang 385) ta chn cp ng 3 li cch in XLPE, v
PVC do hng FURUKAWA ch to c cc thng s sau:
F
m
1 li Hnh dng d 1 li I
CP
.r
0
I
N
1s
mm
2
Mm A /km kA
50 Vn xon 8,1 205 0,494 7,15
C - Chn dao cch ly cho u vo thanh ci 35 kV :
iu kin chn: U
mCD
U
m mng
= 35 KV
I
mCD
I
LV max
=
04 , 56
35 . 3
14 , 3397
. 3

dm
ttnm
U
S
(A)
Tra bng 2-24 trang 640 CC ta chn dao cch ly in p cao t ngoi tri do Lin X
ch to c s liu k thut nh trong bng (3-18):
Bng 3- 16: Thng s k thut dao cch ly
Kiu I
.
( KA ) I
.n
10 s
( KA )
S lng Khi lng (kg)
I
XK
I
XK
PH-3-1/35/600
80 31 12 2 66
C - . La chn chng st :
Cc h thng CC khi b st nh s gy ra hin tng trong nguy him l hin
tng qu in p , khi cch in b chc thng v vy cn c cc bin php bo v
cc thit b in cc nh cao tng... khng b st nh trc tip.
C 3 kiu chng st c bn:
Chng st kiu khe h.
Khi c st sng truyn qua ng dy, n s phng in qua
khe h truyn xung t.
- u im: n gin, r tin
- Nhc im: V khng c b phn dp h quang nn khi
phng in dn in i xung t, c gi tr ln lm cho thit b
r le bo v tc ng ct mch nn ch dng bo v ph
Chng st kiu ng: Gm 2 khe h S
1
v S
2
Khi c sng st qua 2 khe h u phng in di tc dng
ca h quang trong ng s sinh ra kh lm p sut trong ng c
tc dng dp h quang.
- u im: Gi thnh r, lm vic tin cy khi c dng st nh.
- Nhc im: Khi dng st ln qu th h quang khng c dp
tt nhanh chng v vy nh hng n thit b ln cn.
Chng st van.
Kiu chng st ny khc phc c nhc im ca 2 chng st trn. Nu chng
st van c dng bo v cc trm bin p chng st nh vo
trm. V vy chng van c dng rng ri bo v cc thit b
in.
Cu to v hot ng ca chng st van.
Cu to: Gm 2 phn chnh.
Khe h phng in v in tr phng in.
Khe h phng in: c co to l mt chui cc loi khe h dp h quang v
gim nhanh dng khi phng in.
in tr phng in c ch to bng vt liu Vilt, mc ch ca in tr l lm
hn ch dng k tc (dng ngn mch trm t qua chng st van) khi c in p t ln
cao th in tr gim rt nhanh.
iu kin chn chng st van.
Chng st van l thit b in tr phi tuyn c nhim v chng st truyn t ng
dy khng cho truyn vo trm phn phi v trm bin p. Vi in p nh mc ca li
in, in tr chng st c tr rt ln khng cho dng in i qua, khi c qu in p kh
quyn, in tr ca chng st van gim xung rt b tho dng in st xung t.
Chng st van c chn theo cp in p U
dmm
= 35 kV.
Chn loi chng st van PBC-35 do Lin X ch to c U
dm
= 35 kV
C - Chn thanh ci 35 kV:
Chn thanh ci theo mt dng kinh t. S dng thanh ci bng ng theo ti
liu CC vi thanh ci bng ng th J
KT
= 2,25 ; S
KT
=
KT
LV
J
I
max
I
LVmax
l dng in lm vic ln nht l trng hp mt in 1 ngun v 1 MBA
ca thanh ci bn kia b hng lc thanh ci phi mang ti l 2 MBA u lm vic ch
qu ti 40%.
Ilv
max
=
64 , 34
35 . 3
750 . 4 , 1 . 2
. 3
. . 2

dm
mBA qt
U
S K
(A) ; S
KT
=
) ( 4 , 15
25 , 2
64 , 34
2 max
mm
J
I
KT
LV

Tra bng 6-30 CC T
2
ta chn thanh ci c tit din tiu chun l 25 mm
2
c cc
s liu k thut nh bng sau:
M hiu S(mm
2
) I
cp
(A) S thanh 1 pha Chiu di (m)
AC-25 25 170 1 10
C - Chn s cho thanh ci 35 kV:
S c tc dng va lm gi cc b phn mang in va lm vt liu cch in
gia cc b phn vi t v vy s phi c bn, chu c lc in ng do dng
ngn mch gy ra ng thi phi chu c in p ca mng k c lc qu ti.
iu kin chn: U
m s
U
m

mng
= 35 KV ; I
m s
I
LV max

y l s thanh ci nn ta khng quan tm n I
m
m ch quan tm n in
p ca chng.
Tra bng PL 2.27 ta chn s t trong nh do Lin X ch to c cc
thng s k thut nh sau:
Kiu
U, kV
Ph ti ph
hoi (kG)
Khi
lng
( kg)
U
m
U
ph..kh
O-35-1250 35 110 1250 13,5
- Chn my ct :
My ct l thit b dng trong mng in cao p, n c nhim v l ng ct ph
ti lc lm vic bnh thng v t ng ct ph ti khi xy ra s c. My ct l thit b
lm vic tin cy nhng gi thnh cao nn ngi ta ch s dng n nhng ni quan trng.
iu kin chn: U
mMC
U
m mng
= 35 KV ; I
mMC
I
LVmax
- Chn my ct lin lc trn thanh ci 35 KV (MCLL):
Dng qua MCLL l dng cung cp cho ph ti phn on ca thanh ci b mt
in. Dng qua my ct lin lc trong iu kin nng n nht l trng hp mt in 1
ngun, ng dy cn li s CC cho thanh ci ng thi cc MBA v thit b cao p
ni vo thanh ci phi lm vic trong iu kin qu ti.
64 , 34
35 . 3
750 . 4 , 1 . 2
. 3
) (
2 1
max

+
dm
mBA mBA qt
LV
U
S S K
I
(A)
Tra bng ta chn loi my ct do Lin X ch to OCT- 687- 41 s lng 1 ci.
Bng 3 17: Thng s k thut my ct cao p
Loi U
m
(kV) I
m
(kA) i
xk
(kA) I
hd
(kA) I
(10s) kA I v cs ct
BM-35 35 600 13,3 10 7,1 400
- Chn dao cch ly cho my ct lin lc (CD
3
):
Dao cch ly l thit b c dng ph bin trong mng in cao p v h p. Dao
cch ly c nhim v cch ly gia phn mang in v phn khng mang in ng thi to
ra khe h nhn thy c cho ngi th yn tm sa cha. Dao cch ly khng c b
phn dp h quang nn tuyt i khng c dng ng ct khi c ti.
iu kin chn: U
mCD
U
m mng
= 35 KV
64 , 34
35 . 3
750 . 2 . 4 , 1
. 3
. 2 .
max

dm
dm qt
LV mCD
U
S K
I I
(A)
Tra bng ta chn dao cch ly t ngoi tri do Lin X ch to c cc thng s sau:
Bng 3-18 : Thng s k thut dao cch ly
Kiu I ( KA ) I
.n
10 s
( KA )
S lng Khi lng (kg)
I
XK
I
XK
PH-3-1/35/600
80 31 12 2 63
C - Chn dao cch ly cho cc u vo cc MBA:
iu kin chn: U
mCD
U
m mng
= 35 KV
I
mCD
I
LV max
=
32 , 17
35 . 3
750 . 4 , 1
. 3
.

dm
mBA qt
U
S K
(A)
Tra bng 2-24 trang 640 CC ta chn dao cch ly in p cao t ngoi tri do Lin X
ch to c s liu k thut nh trong bng (3-19):
Bng 3- 19: Thng s k thut dao cch ly
Kiu
I ( KA ) I
.n
10 s
( KA )
S lng Khi lng (kg)
I
XK
I
XK
PH-3-1/35/600 80 31 12 4 66
- Chn cu ch cao p cho u vo cc MBA:
Do my ct c gi thnh cao do n ch s dng trong nhng trng hp MBA
c cng sut tng i ln. Vi ti ny do cng sut MBA nh do ta ch cn s
dng cu ch cao p bo v cho cc MBA gim gi thnh phng n CC cho nh
my:
Cu ch c la chn theo cc iu kin:
- in p nh mc U
mCC
; kV U
mCC
U
m mng
.
- Dng in nh mc I
mCC
; A I
mCC
I
LVmax
.
- U
mCC
35 (kV); I
mCC
12,9 (A).
Tra bng PL 2.19 trang 341 HTCC ta chn cu ch cao p loi 3GD1 6045B
do hng SIEMENS ch to c cc thng s nh sau.
- in p nh mc: U
mCC
= 36 (kV).
- Dng in nh mc: I
mCC
= 20 (A).
- I
ct N
= 31,5 (kA) ; I
ct min
= 120 (A).
- Cng sut ct: S
ct
= 300 MVA
Chn dng cc t hp b ca hng SIMENS, cch in bng SF6, khng cn bo
tr, loi 8DC11, h thng dt sn trong cc t c dng nh mc 1250A
Bng 3.20: Thng s my ct t ti trm PPTT
` U
m
,kV I
m
,A I
ct N,3s
,kA I
ct Nmax
,kA Ghi ch
8DC11 12 1250 23 63 Khng cn bo tr
CHNG V
TNH TON NGN MCH V KIM TRA CC THIT B TRONG
MNG IN
5.1 TNH TON NGN MCH
5.1.1 - t vn .
Ngn mch l s c gy nguy him nht trong h thng in. Khi sy ra ngn mch
th in p ca h thng gim xung lm cho dng in tng cao c th gp vi chc ln
bnh thng, dng ngn nmch ny gy nn hiu ng nhit v hiu ng lc in ng rt
ln c th gy nguy him cho con ngi v thit b. Thi gian ngn mch cng ln, im
ngn mch cng gn ngun cung cp th tc hi do dng ngn mch gy ra cng ln lm
chy n cc thit b gy nguy him cho ngi vn hnh, ngn mch lm cho in p gim
thp nh hng n qu trnh lm vic ca cc my mc i hi chnh xc cao, nu
ngn mch gn ngun in p h thng gim xung nghim trng c th gy ri lon h
thng in.
Vn t ra l ta phi d on c cng ca dng ngn mch kp thi s
l, thay th m bo tnh lin tc cung cp in.
5.1.2 Mc ch ca vic tnh ton ngn mch:
Tnh ton ngn mch nhm to c s cho so snh, la chn nhng phng n cung
cp in hp l nht. Xc nh ch lm vic ca cc h tiu th khi xy ra s c, a
ra bin php hn ch dng ngn mch, kt qu tnh ngn mch cn dng kim tra cc
thit b chn trong h thng. T cc s liu tnh ton ngn mch ta thit k v hiu
chnh h thng bo v rle.
5.1.3 Chn im tnh ngn mch:
im c chn tnh ngn mch l nhng im m ti khi xy ra ngn mch
thit b phi lm vic trong iu kin nng n nht. Cn c vo s nguyn l v cch
b tr cc thit b trn s ta chn mt s im ngn mch nh sau:
-Ngn mch trn thanh ci cao p 35 KV N
1
3
-Ngn mch trn thanh ci h p 0,4 KV N
2
3
-Ngn mch trn t phn phi N
3
3
-Ngn mch trn t ng lc N
4
3
-Ngn mch trn ng c N
5
3
A Tnh ngn mch 3 pha mng in p cao ( 35 kV)
S nguyn l v s thay th khi tnh ton ngn mch
Khi tnh ngn mch 3 pha mng in p cao do in tr, in khng ca cu dao,
thanh ci, my ct c gi tr nh c m nn ta c th b qua m ch k n in tr, in
khng ca h thng cp, my bin p
- Tnh ngn mch ti N
1
3
:
Do ti khng cho khong cch gia h thng v nh my l bao nhiu
nn ta c th coi nh my cnh h thng, khi ta c:
S
HT
= ; X
HT
= 0
S liu ngun: U
m
= 35 KV ; S
N
= 300 MVA
Chn cc i lng c bn: S
cb
= 300 MVA ; U
cb
= 37 KV
I
( ) KA
U
S
cb
cb
cb
68 , 4
37 . 3
300
. 3

Ngun c cng sut v cng ln nn ta p dng cng thc:
( ) kA
U
S
I I
tbdm
N
NM N
95 , 4
35 . 3
300
. 3
' ' 3
1

i
xk
= 2
1
3
. .
( )
K I
xk N
Trong : K
xk
l h s xung kch v ngn mch trn thanh ci nn ly K
xk
= 1,8.
I
xkN1
= 1,8. 2 .4,95 = 12,6 ( KA )
I
xk
=
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) kA K I
xk N
14 , 5 1 1 8 , 1 . 2 95 , 4 1 1 . 2 .
2 2 3
1
+ +
( ) ( )
( ) kA I I
N N
55 , 4 .
2
3
3
1
2
1

B Tnh ngn mch 3 pha mng in p thp (0,4 kV).
Trong ton b h thng cp in nh my th mng h p c chiu di ln nht .
Trong mng h p c nhiu thit b nh thanh ci h p, cu dao, p t mt ... cc kh c
in ny c nh hng rt ln n gi tr ca dng ngn mch nn khng th b qua c,
nu b qua th dn ti sai s qu ln nh hng ti qu trnh chn v kim tra thit b.
1. Xc nh thng s ca cc phn t .
a. in tr in khng ca thanh ci 1.
Thanh ci bng ng c kch thc 25 3 chiu di : l = 10 (m)
Tra bng 2 - 40 CC trang 647 ta c :
r
0
= 0,268 (m/m) ; x
0
= 0,20 (m/m)
Vi khong cch trung bnh hnh hc l 150 (mm)
R
tc1
= r
0
. l = 0,268 . 10 = 2,7 (m)
X
tc1
= x
o
. l = 0,20 .10 = 2,0 (m)
b. in tr in khng ca CD
1
,CD
2
,CD
3
,CD
4
.
Cc cu dao c tra trong bng 2 - 43 CC trang 640
r
0
= 0,15 (m) ; x
0
= 0 (m)
c. in tr in khng ca My bin p c S
m
= 750 ( KVA)
y ta qui i lun in tr in khng ca my bin p v cp in p tnh ton
p dng cng thc :
( )
( )
( )

m
S
U U
X Z
m
S
U
P R
m
TBdm N
BA BA
m
TBdm
N BA
87 , 13 10 .
750
4 , 0 . 5 , 6 . 10
10 .
%. . 10
4 , 3 10 .
750
4 , 0 . 11900
10 . .
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
d. in tr in khng ca p t mt 1 (ATM
1
)
ATM
1
c I
m
= 850,8 (A) tra ti liu ta c
r
TXATM1
= 0,25 (), r
CDATM1
= 0,12 (m), r
ATM1
= 0,37(m),
x
ATM1
= 0,094 (m),
e. in tr in khng ca thanh ci 2
Thanh ci bng ng c kch thc 80 8 , chiu di 5 (m) vi s lng 4 thanh ,
tra bng 2 - 40 CC Trang 647

ta c
r
0
= 0,031 (m/m)
x
0
= 0,126 (m/m) ng vi a
tbhh
= 150 (mm)
Vy R
tc2
= r
0
. l = 0,031.5 = 0,135 (m)
X
tc2
= x
0
. l = 0,126.5 = 0,63 (m)
f. in tr in khng ca ATM
2.
R
ATM2
= r
cd
+ r
tx
= 0,15 + 0,4 = 0,55 (m)
X
ATM2
= 0,1(m)
g . in tr in khng ca Cp
1
( t TBAPX v PX c kh 1)
Cp c tit din S = 70 (mm
2
) chiu di l = 150 (m) tra bng PL 4.7 HT CC
Trang 363

ta c:
r
0
= 0,29 (/km) = 0,29.10
-3
(/m)
x
0
= 0,06 (/km) = 0,06.10
-3
(/m)
R
cp1
= r
0
. l = 0,29.10
-3
.150 = 43,5 (m)
X
Cp1
= x
o
. l = 0,06.10
-3
.150 = 9

(m)
h. in tr in khng ca cp t t phn phi ti t ng lc (Cp
2
)
Cp c tit din S = 6 (mm
2
) ; chiu di l = 90 (m) lm bng ng
Tra bng PL 4.7 HT CC Trang 363

ta c:
r
0
= 3,33 (/km) = 3,33 .10
-3
(/m)
x
0
= 0,09 (/km) = 0,09.10
-3
(/m)
R
cp2
= r
0
. l = 3,33 .10
-3
. 90 = 299,7 (m)
X
Cp2
= x
o
. l = 0,09. 10
-3
. 90 = 8,1 (m)
i. in tr in khng ca dy dn dn n ng c
Chn thit b tnh ngn mch thuc nhm 2 c cng sut ln nht l my tin P
= 12 kW
Dy dn c tit din S = 2,5 (mm
2
) ; chiu di l = 9 (m) lm bng ng
tra bng PL 4.7 HT CC Trang 363

ta c:
r
0
= 8,0 (/km) = 8,0 .10
-3
(/m)
x
0
= 0,09 (/km) = 0,09.10
-3
(/m)
Vy:
R
dydn
= r
0
. l = 8,0.10
-3
. 9 = 72 (m)
X
dydn
= x
o
. l = 0,09. 10
-3
. 9 = 0,81 (m)
2.Tnh ngn mch ba pha ti N
2

(3)
.
Tng tr ngn mch ti im N
2
:
2 1
'
1 2 TC ATM BA N N
R R R R R + + +

Vi R
N1
= R
CD1
+ R
TC1
+ R
CD2
;
2
1
2
1
'
1
.

,
_

U
U
R R
N N

,
_
+ +

m R
N
4
2
'
1
10 . 4
35
4 , 0
). 15 , 0 7 , 2 15 , 0 ( .
R
N2
= 4.10
-4
+ 3,4 + 0,37 + 0,125 = 3,9m
2 1
'
1 2 TC ATM BA N N
X X X X X + + +

Vi X
N1
= X
CD1
+ X
TC1
+ X
CD2
;
2
1
2
1
'
1
.

,
_

U
U
X X
N N

,
_
+ +

m X
N
4
2
'
1
10 . 6 , 2
35
4 , 0
). 0 0 , 2 0 (
X
N2
= 2,6.10
-4
+ 13,87 + 0,094 + 0,63 = 14,6 m
+ +

m X R Z
N N N
11 , 15 6 , 14 9 , 3
2 2 2
2
2
2 2
Ta c:
( )
A
Z
U
I I
N
TBdm
N N
3 , 15
11 , 15 . 3
400
. 3
2
' '
2
3
2

Ly k
xk
= 1,3
Ta c i
xkN2
= 2 .k
xk
.I
N2
= 2 .1,3.15,3 = 28,13 ( kA).
I
xkN2
= ( ) ( ) kA k I
xk N
62 , 16 1 3 , 1 2 1 . 3 , 15 1 2 1
2 2 ' '
2
+ +
3. Tnh ngn mch 3 pha ti N
3
(3)
Ta c: R
N3
= R
N2
+ R
ATM2
+ R
cp1
+ R
CD3

= 5,2954 + 0,55 + 31,5 + 0,15 = 37,4954 37,5 (m)
X
N3
= X
N2
+ X
ATM2
+ X
cp1
+ X
CD3
=
= 10,3 + 0,1 + 9 = 19,4 (m)
+ +

m X R Z
N N N
22 , 42 4 , 19 5 , 37
2 2 2
3
2
3 3
( )
) ( 47 , 5
22 , 42 . 3
400
. 3
3
' '
3
3
3
A
Z
U
I I
N
TBdm
N N

Ngn mch xa ngun ly K

xk
=1,0.
kA I k i
N xk xk
74 , 7 47 , 5 . 0 , 1 . 2 . . 2
"
3

( ) ( ) kA k I I
xk N xkN
47 , 5 1 1 2 1 . 47 , 5 1 2 1 .
2 2 "
3 3
+ +
4
(3)
Ta c: R
N4
= R
N3
+ R
cp2
+ R
CD4
=
= 37,5 + 299,7 + 0,15 = 337,35 (m)
X
N4
= X
N3
+ X
cp2
+ X
CD4
=
= 19,4 + 8,1 = 27,5 (m)
+ +

m X R Z
N N N
62 , 338 5 , 27 35 , 337
2 2 2
4
2
4 4

( )
A
Z
U
I I
N
TBdm
N N
68 , 0
62 , 338 . 3
400
. 3
4
"
4
3
4


Ngn mch xa ngun ly k
xk
=1,0.
kA I k i
N xk xk
96 , 0 68 , 0 . 0 , 1 . 2 . . 2
"
3

( ) ( ) kA k I I
xk N xkN
68 , 0 1 1 2 1 . 68 , 0 1 2 1 .
2 2 "
3 3
+ +
5
(3)
Ta c: R
N5
= R
N4
+ R
dydn
=
= 337,35 + 72 = 409,35 (m)
X
N5
= X
N5
+ X
dydn
=
= 27,5 + 0,81 = 28,31 (m)
+ +

m X R Z
N N N
33 , 410 31 , 28 35 , 409
2 2 2
5
2
5 5
Khi ngn mch u cc ca ng c, ng c xem nh my pht cung cp in
cho im ngn mch, dng in ny tt rt nhanh. Cho nn trong tnh ton ngi ta
thng quan tm n gi tr ca dng in siu qu (I
/c
).
c m c m c m
c
c
c
I I I
X
E
I
. . . "
/
"
/ "
/
. 5 , 4 .
2 , 0
9 , 0
.
Trong : E
/c
: Sc in ng tng i ca ng c ly bng 0,9
X
/c
: in khng siu qu dc trc ng c ly bng 0,2
I
m/c
: Tng dng nh mc ca cc ng c cung cp in cho im ngn mch
y ta xt cho ng c ca my tin (Nhm II) c cng sut ln nht
P
m
= 12(KW)
I
m
= 28 (A) = 0,028(KA)
I
/c
= 4,5.I
m/c
= 4,5.0,028 = 0,126 (KA).
( )
A
Z
U
I I
N
TBdm
N N
56 , 0
33 , 410 . 3
400
. 3
5
"
5
3
5

Ly K
xk
= 1
kA I k i
N xk xk
79 , 0 56 , 0 . 0 , 1 . 2 . . 2
"
3

( ) ( ) kA k I I
xk N xkN
56 , 0 1 1 2 1 . 56 , 0 1 2 1 .
2 2 "
3 3
+ + .
C Tnh ngn mch 2 pha.
Dng ngn mch 2 pha tnh nh sau:
( ) ( )
kA I I
N N
25 , 13 3 . 15 .
2
3
.
2
3
3
2
2
2

( ) ( )
kA I I
N N
74 , 4 47 , 5 .
2
3
.
2
3
3
3
2
3

( ) ( )
kA I I
N N
6 , 0 68 , 0 .
2
3
.
2
3
3
4
2
4

( ) ( )
kA I I
N N
48 , 0 56 , 0 .
2
3
.
2
3
3
5
2
5

D Tnh ngn mch 1 pha
Khi xy ra ngn mch mt pha, hai pha, hai pha chm t th dng in trong cc
pha s mt i xng. Qu trnh qu trong mch khng i xng rt phc tp bi cc
my in quay ngoi thnh phn i xng th t thun cn c cc thnh phn th t
ngc v th t khng. Cc thnh phn ny ngoi sng c bn cn c cc thnh phn
sng bc cao. Trong thc t khi tnh ton ta ch quan tm n thnh phn sng c bn, v
vy c th dng phng php cc thnh phn i xng tnh ngn mch khng i
xng.
1 . Tnh in tr phn khng th t khng ca cc phn t .
Trong tnh ton ta c th coi in tr in khng ca thnh phn th t ngc gn
bng in tr in khng ca thnh phn th t thun nn y ta ch tnh ton in tr
in khng ca thnh phn th t khng.
a - in tr in khng th t khng ca my bin p.
My bin p c : S
m
= 750 KVA;
Cp in p: U
1
/U
2
= 35/0.4.
trn ta xc nh c: R
1BA
= 3,4 (m) ; X
1BA
= 13,87 (m).
- Thnh phn th t khng: R
0BA
= 3,4 (m) ; X
0BA
= 13,87 (m).
b - in tr in khng th t khng ca ptmt (ATM
1
).
r
0ATM1
= 0,37 (m); x
0ATM1
= 0,094 (m).
c - in tr in khng th t khng ca thanh ci 2:
R
0TC2
= 10.R
1TC2
= 10.0,55 = 5,5 (m).
X
0TC2
= 8.X
1TC2
= 8.0,63 = 5,04 (m).
d - in tr in khng th t khng ca ca ptmt 2 (ATM
2
):
r
0ATM2
= 0,55 (m); x
0ATM2
= 0,1 (m).
e - in tr in khng th t khng ca cp 1:
R
0Cp1
= R
1cp1
= 43,5 = 43,5 (m).
X
0cp1
= 2.X
1cp1
= 2.9 = 18 (m).
f - in tr in khng th t khng ca ca cu dao (CD
3
, CD
4
):
R
0CD3,4
= 0,15 (m) ; X
0CD 3,4
= 0 (m)
h - in tr in khng th t khng ca cp 2 (Cp
2
)
R
0Cp2
= R
1cp2
= 299,7 (m).
X
0cp2
= 2.X
1cp2
= 2.8,1 = 16,2 (m).
i - in tr in khng th t khng ca dy dn .
R
0dy dn
= R
1dy dn
= 72 (m).
X
0dy dn
= 2.X
1dy dn
= 2.0,81 = 1,62 (m).
k - in tr in khng th t khng ca ng c 3 pha .
X
0/c 3pha
= 0,16.X
=0,16.0,2 = 0,032 (m).

2. Tnh ton ngn mch 1 pha
Tnh ngn mch 1 pha h p l kim tra nhy ca cc p t mt v bo v rle .
C - Ngn mch 1 pha ti N
2
(1)
:
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 0 2 1
2
2 0 2 1
1
2
. 2 . 2
. . 3
N N N N
d
N
X X R R
k U
I

+ + +
Trong :
R
1N2
= R
N2
= 5,3 (m).
X
1N2
= X
N2
= 10,3 (m).
K = (0,9 0,95) h s k n s gim in p bn s cp ca my bin p
lc xy ra ngn mch.
R
0N2
= R
0BA
+ R
0ATM1
+ R
0TC2
= 3,4 + 0,55 + 5,5 = 9,45 (m).
X
0N2
= X
0BA
+ X
0ATM1
+ X
0TC2
= 13,87 + 0,094 + 5,04 = 19,004 (m).
( )
( )
kA I
N
83 , 14
004 , 19 3 , 10 . 2 ) 45 , 9 3 , 5 . 2 (
95 , 0 . 400 . 3
2 2
1
2

+ + +
C - Tnh ngn mch 1 pha ti N

3
(1)
:
R
1N3
= R
N3
= 37,5 (m).
X
1N3
= X
N3
= 19,4 (m).
R
0N3
= R
0N2
+ R
0ATM2
+ R
0cp1
+ R
0CD4

= 10,85 + 0,55 + 43,5 + 0,15 = 55,05 (m).
X
0N3
= X
0N2
+ X
0ATM2
+ X
0cp1
+ X
0CD4

= 24,27 + 0,1 + 18 = 42,37 (m).
( )
( )
kA I
N
29 , 4
37 , 42 4 , 19 . 2 ) 05 , 55 5 , 37 . 2 (
95 , 0 . 400 . 3
2 2
1
3

+ + +

4
(1)
:
R
1N4
= R
N4
= 337,35 (m).
X
1N4
= X
N4
= 27,5 (m).
R
0N4
= R
0N3
+ R
0cp2
+ R
0CD5
= 55,05 + 299,7 + 0,15 = 354,9 (m).
X
0N4
= X
0N3
+ X
0cp2
+ X
0CD4

= 42,37 + 16,2 + 0,15 = 58,72 (m).
( )
( )
kA I
N
64 , 0
72 , 58 5 , 27 . 2 ) 9 , 354 35 , 337 . 2 (
95 , 0 . 400 . 3
2 2
1
4

+ + +

5
(1)
:
R
1N5
= R
N5
= 409,35 (m).
X
1N5
= X
N5
= 28,31 (m).
R
0N5
= R
0N4
+ R
0dd
= 354,9 + 72 = 426,9 (m)
X
0N5
= X
0N4
+ X
0dd
+ X
0C3pha

= 58,72 + 1,62 + 0,032 = 60,372 (m).
( )
( )
kA I
N
53 , 0
37 , 60 31 , 28 . 2 ) 9 , 426 35 , 409 . 2 (
95 , 0 . 400 . 3
2 2
1
4

+ + +
5.2 : KIM TRA THIT B :

5.2.1 - Kim tra thit b in cao p:
a -. Xc nh thi gian gi thit i vi im ngn mch N
1
:
Thi gian gi thit i vi im ngn mch N
1
theo cng thc :
t
gtN1
= t
gtCKN1
+ t
gttdN1

Trong :
t
gtCKN1
: L thi gian gi thit i vi cc thnh phn chu k.
t
gttdN1
: L thi gian gi thit i vi thnh phn tt dn.
C hai thnh phn ny xc nh da vo h s xung nhit.
I
I
"
"
Vi ngun c cng sut v cng ln I = I
. = 1.
Ly t
gtCKN1
= t
N1

- Nu t
N1
< 1 (s) th t
gttd
= 0,05. = 0,05 (s).
- Nu t
N1
> 1(s) th t
gttd
b qua.
Vi ngun c cng sut nh lc ta phi tra ng cong.
t
gtCk
= f(t
N
,).
Trong :
I : Dng in siu qu .
I
: Dng in ngn mch n nh.

Tnh t
N
: ( thi gian tn ti ngn mch ).
y l khong thi gian k t khi xy ra ngn mch n thi im dng ngn mch
c ct hon ton.
t
N
= t
BV
+ t
MC
.
Trong :
t
BV
: L thi gian tc ng ca bo v rle.
t
MC
: L thi gian tc ng ca my ct.
Khi ngn mch ti N
1

t
N
= t
BV
+ t
MCd
Vi :
t
BV
= t
BV2
+ t.
t
BV2
= t
BV1
+ t. t
N1
= t
ATM1
+ 3.t + t
MCd
t
BV1
= t
ATM1
+ t.
Trong :
t
BV1
: L thi gian tc ng ca bo v dng cc i cho MBA.
t
BV2
: L thi gian tc ng ca bo v dng cc i cho my ct lin lc (thanh ci
35 KV).
t
ATM1
: L thi gian ct tc thi ca ptmt 1ly bng 0,63(s).
t
MCd
: Vi my ct tc ng nhanh t
MCd
= 0,1 (s).
t : cp thi gian chn lc ca bo v dng cc i t = 0,4 (s).
ti c cng sut v cng ln = 1.
Vy tgt
N1
= t
N1
= 1,93 (s).
b - . Kim tra cch ly u vo thanh ci 35 KV, dao cch ly ca my ct lin lc v dao
cch ly u vo my bin p.
Cc cu dao cch ly ny chn cng mt loi nn c kim tra nh nhau.
Kim tra theo iu kin n nh lc in ng.
i
max
= i
XKCD
= 80 (KA) > i
xkN1
= 12,6 (KA).
I
max
= I
xkCD
= 31 (KA) > I
xkN1
= 5,14 (KA).
Vy cc cu dao cch ly tho mn iu kin ny.
Kim tra theo iu kin n nh nhit.
n
gtN
n
t
t
I I
.
1
.
.
kA I
n
17 , 2
10
93 , 1
. 95 , 4
.

Ta c I
.nMC(10s)
= 12 (kA) > 2,17 (kA)
Vy dao cch ly tho mn iu kin chn v kim tra.
c - Kim tra thanh ci cao p 35 KV.
Theo iu kin n nh lc in ng.

cp
vi
tt
= M/w.
Tnh
tt
:
Lc tnh ton F
tt
do tc dng ca dng ngn mch gy ra
F
(3)
= 1,76.i
2
xkN1
.l.10
-2
/a (kg).
Trong :
l: L khong cch gia cc s trong mt pha ly l = 100 (cm)
a: L khong cch gia cc pha ly a = 30 (cm).
F
(3)
= 1,76.12,6
2
.100.10
-2
/30 = 8,45 (kg).
Xc nh m men un, m men chng un :
M = F
(3)
tt
.l/10 = 8,45.100/10 = 84,5 (kgcm).
W = h
2
.b/6 = 0,3.(2,5)
2
/6 = 0,3125 (cm
2
).

tt
= 84,5 / 0,3125 = 270 (kg/cm
2
).

tt
= 270 (kg/cm
2
) <
CP
= 1400 (kg cm
2
) ( thanh ci bng ng).
Vy thanh ci tho mn iu kin ny.
Kim tra n nh nhit.
S
TC1
S
.n

Vi S
.n
= .I
. gt
t
(mm
2
)
Trong : I
: l dng in ngn mch n nh ly bng I

(3)
N1
.
: l h s hiu chnh thanh ci bng ng = 6.
T
gt
= t
gtN1
= 1,93 (s).
2
.
26 , 41 93 , 1 . 95 , 4 . 6 mm S
n

S
TC1
= 75 mm
2
> S
.n
= 41,26 (mm
2
).
Kim tra theo iu kin dao ng cng hng:
Do tc ng ca dng ngn mch thanh ci b rung mnh khi c dng ngn mch
chy qua tn s dao ng ring tnh bng cng thc:
f
drTC1
= 3,62.10
5
.b/l
2
. (Hz).
Trong :
b: L b rng tit din thanh ci theo phng dao ng tnh bng cm.
l: Khong cch gia hai s lin tip. l = 100 (cm)
f
drTC1
= 3,62.10
5
.0,3/(100)
2
= 10,86 (Hz).
m bo an ton th f
drTC1
n.(f t 10%f) = f
ch
.
f
drTC1
n.( 50 t 0,1.50)
Vi n l s t nhin (n= 1,2...)
n =1 f
drTC1
= 10,86 (Hz) 55 (Hz).
n = 2 f
drTC1
= 10,86 (Hz) 110 (Hz).
Tng t cho cc gi tr n khc
Kt lun: Thanh ci tho mn cc iu kin chn v kim tra.
d - Kim tra my ct lin lc v my ct u vo cc my bin p:
Cc my ct c kim tra theo cc iu kin :
Kim tra theo iu kin n nh lc in ng:
i
maxMC
i
(3)
xkN1
25,86 (kA) > 12,6 (kA).
I
maxMC
I
(3)
xkN1
13,3 (kA) > 7,1 (kA).
Kt lun: My ct tho mn iu kin chn.
Kim tra theo iu kin n nh nhit:
n
gtN
N nMC
t
t
I I
.
1
1 .
.

Trong :
t
n
: l thi gian ng vi dng in n nh nhit nh mc ng vi 10(s)
n
gtN
n
t
t
I I
.
1
.
.
kA I
n
17 , 2
10
93 , 1
. 95 , 4
.

Ta c: I
.nMC(10s)
= 12 (kA) > 2,17 (kA)
I
.nMCcp
= 7,1 (KA) > 2,1 (KA).
Kt lun: My ct tho mn iu kin chn.
Kh nng ct dng ngn mch :
S
CMC
S
N
Trong :
S
N
: L cng sut ct ngn mch .
MVA U I S
cb N N
23 , 317 37 . 95 , 4 . 3 . . 3
1 1

S
CMC(chn)
= 400 (MVA). > 317,23 (MVA).
e - Kim tra s thanh ci cao p (TC
1
):
S c kim tra theo lc cho php tc dng ln u s
F
CP
F
tt
.K
hc
. ( K
hc
= H/H)
Trong :
K
hc
: L h s hiu chnh. Vi thanh ci t nm ngang ly K
hc
1.
F
CP
= 0,6.F
ph
(F
ph
: Lc ph hng).
= 0,6.1250 = 750 (kg).
F
tt
= 1,76.i
2
xkN1
.10
-2
/a = 1,76.12,6
2

. 100 . 10
-2
/30 = 8,45 (kg).
F
CP
= 750 (kg) > F
tt
= 8,45 (kg)
Kt lun s tho mn iu kin chn v kim tra .
5.2.2 - Kim tra thit b in h p:
1/ Xc nh thi gian gi thit i vi im ngn mch N
2
.
Khi ngn mch ti N
2

t
gtN2
= t
gtCkN2
+ t
gttdN2
t
N2
= t
bv
+ t
MC
= t
ATM1
+ t + t
MC
= 0,63 + 0,4 + 0,1 = 1,13 (s).
t
N2
> 1(s) b qua t
gttdN2
t
gtN2
= t
N2
= 1,13 (s).
2/ Kim tra ptmt bo v u ra my bin p v ptmt lin lc:
a/ ptmt u ra my bin p:
C k hiu CM - 1600N c : I
m
= 1600 (A) = 1,6 (kA); I
ct
= 50 (KA).
Kim tra theo iu kin n nh lc in ng:
i
xkCP
i
xktt
( hoc I
xkCP
I
xktt
).
Kim tra nhy:
K
nhy
= I
(1)
N
/ I
mATM
1,3.
Vi ATM
1
c: I
m
= 1600 (A) i
xktt
= i
xkN2
= 35,7 (kA).
I
xktt
= I
xkN2
= 20 (KA).
I
xkCP
= 50 (kA) > I
xktt
.
K
nhy
= 13,24 / 1,6 = 8,3 > 1,3.
= Kt lun: ptmt chn tho mn iu kin chn v kim tra .
b/ Tng t cho ptmt bo v cho phn xng c kh I v ptmt lin lc :
Ta c bng sau:
Loi ATM I
m
(A) I
xkCP
(KA)
I
xkttN2
(KA)
I
xkttN3
(KA)
I
(1)
N2
(KA)
I
(1)
N3
(KA)
K
nh
CM -1600N 1600 50 20 13,24 1,3
M08 800 40 20 13,24 1,3
NS250N 250 8 4,29 1,3
= Vy cc ptmt chn tho mn iu kin chn v kim tra .
3/ Kim tra thanh ci h p my bin p :
a/ Theo iu kin n nh lc in ng.

cp
vi
tt
= M/w.
Tnh
tt
:
Lc tnh ton F
tt
do tc dng ca dng ngn mch gy ra
F
(3)
= 1,76.i
2
xkN2
.l.10
-2
/a (kg).
Trong :
l: L khong cch gia cc s trong mt pha (cm) ly l = 80 (cm)
a: L khong cch gia cc pha ly a = 30 (cm).
F
(3)
= 1,76.35,7
2
.80.10
-2
/30 = 59,8 (kg).
Xc nh m men un, m men chng un :
M = F
(3)
tt
.l/10 = 59,8.80/10 = 478,4 (kgcm).
W = h
2
.b/6 = 0,8.(8)
2
/6 = 8,5 (cm
2
).
tt
= 478,4 / 8,5 = 56,28 (kg/cm
2
).

tt
= 56,28 (kg/cm
2
) <
CP
= 1400 (kg cm
2
) ( thanh ci bng ng c kch
thc 80x8 mm
2
).
b/ Kim tra n nh nhit.
S
TC1
S
.n

Vi S
.n
= .I
. gt
t
(mm
2
)
Trong : I
: l dng in ngn mch n nh ly bng I

(3)
N2
.
: l h s hiu chnh thanh ci bng ng = 6.
T
gt
= t
gtN2
= 1,13 (s).
2
.
73 , 132 13 , 1 . 4 , 19 . 6 mm S
n

S
TC2
= 640 mm
2
> S
.n
= 132,73 (mm
2
).
c/ Kim tra theo iu kin dao ng cng hng:
Do tc ng ca dng ngn mch thanh ci b rung mnh khi c dng ngn mch
chy qua tn s dao ng ring tnh bng cng thc:
f
drTC1
= 3,62.10
5
.b/l
2
. (Hz).
Trong :
b: L b rng tit din thanh ci theo phng dao ng tnh bng cm.ly
bng 0,8
l: Khong cch gia hai s lin tip. l = 80 (cm)
f
drTC2
= 3,62.10
5
.0,8/(80)
2
= 45,25 (Hz).
m bo an ton th f
drTC1
n.(f t 10%f) = f
ch
.
f
drTC1
n.( 50 t 0,1.50)
Vi n l s t nhin (n= 1,2...)
n =1 f
drTC2
= 45,25 (Hz) 55 (Hz).
n = 2 f
drTC2
= 45,25 (Hz) 110 (Hz).
Tng t cho cc gi tr n khc
Kt lun: Thanh ci tho mn cc iu kin chn v kim tra.
4/ Kim tra s thanh ci cao p (TC
2
):
S c kim tra theo lc cho php tc dng ln u s :
F
CP
F
tt
.K
hc
. ( K
hc
= H/H)
Trong :
K
hc
: L h s hiu chnh. Vi thanh ci t nm ngang ly K
hc
1.
F
CP
= 0,6.F
ph
(F
ph
: Lc ph hng).
= 0,6.750 = 450 (kg).
F
tt
= 1,76.i
2
xkN1
.10
-2
/a = 1,76.37,5
2
.80.10
-2
/30 = 66 (kg).
F
CP
= 450 (kg) > F
tt
= 66 (kg)
Kt lun: S tho mn iu kin chn v kim tra .
5 - . Kim tra cu ch bo v cho t ng lc T2
iu kin kim tra :
( )
3
1
min
>
dc
N
nh
I
I
K
I
dcnhII
= 100 (A) = 0,1 (KA)
I
Nmin
(1)
= I
N4
(1)
= 0,64 (KA)
Vy:
( )
3 4 , 6
1 , 0
64 , 0
1
min
>
dc
N
nh
I
I
K
Vy cu ch 1 tho mn iu kin kim tra.
6 - Kim tra cp (h p) t thanh ci h p n t phn phi ca phn xng c kh I:
Do cp c ch to chc chn nn khng cn kim tra theo iu kin n nh lc
in ng m ch kim tra theo iu kin n nh nhit
Tit din n nh nhit :
S
cp
S
n
; S
n
= .I
N3
. 3 gtN
t
(mm
2
)
Trong : : L h s tnh ton vi cp bng ng = 7
t
gtN3
= t
gtck3
+ t
gttdN3
t
gttdN3
= 0,05.()
2
= 0,05.(I
N3
/I
N3
)
2
= 0,05.1 = 0,05 (s)
t
gtckN3
= t
ATM2
= 0,38(s) t
gtN3
=0,38 + 0,05 = 0,43 (s)
S
n
= 7.5,47.
43 , 0
= 25,1 (mm
2
)
S
ncp
= 70 (mm
2
) > 25,1 (mm
2
)
Vy cp1 tho mn iu kin chn v kim tra .
7. Kim tra cp t t phn phi ca phn xng c kh I ti t ng lc ca nhm I.
Cp c k hiu (cp2)
S
cp
S
n
; S
n
= .I
N4
. 4 gtN
t
(mm
2
)
Ly t
gtN4
= 0,1(s)
S
n
= 7.0,68 .
1 , 0
= 1,5 (mm
2
)
S
ncp
= 6 (mm
2
) > 1,5 (mm
2
)
Vy cp 2 tho mn iu kin chn v kim tra .
CHNG VI
THIT K H THNG O LNG TRM BIN P
theo di tnh trng lm vic ca cc thit b in. Kim tra cht lng in nng,
kim tra pht hin v loi tr cc s c trong h thng CC. trc tip kim tra cht
lng in nng ca cc h ph ti, kim tra s kch pha gia cc dng in trong
mch ta t h thng o lng pha h p ca MBA.
-H thng o lng gm:
+3 ng h Ampemt o dng in cc pha v kim tra s cn bng gia cc pha.
+1 ng h Vn mt v kho chuyn i o in p cc pha v in p dy.
+1 ng h otmt o cng sut tc dng.
+1 ng h VAR o cng sut phn khng.
+1 ng h o nng lng tc dng.
+1 ng h o nng lng phn khng. ng h o nng lng tc dng dng
kim tra mc tiu th in, cng t tc dng kt hp vi cng t phn khng xc
nh tg
tb
tg
tb
=
( )
( ) P A
Q A
Cos
tb
- xc nh th ph ti ta dng ng h otmt v VAR, cc ng h ny ch cc
gi tr tc thi P
(t)
v Q
(t)
. Ngoi ra n cn gp phn kim sot c qu trnh sn xut
ca cc ca trong ngy.
- kim tra cht lng in p ta dng ng h Vnmt v kho chuyn i.
- kim tra mc i xng gia ca dng cc pha ta dng 3 ng h ampe nu
trm c cng nhn trc th c 30 pht hoc 1 gi phi kim tra ph ti ca trm bin p v
ph ti ca cc phn xng 1 ln v ghi vo s theo di t xy dng c cc th
ph ti v gip cho vic qun l, vn hnh thit b 1 cch tt nht.
6.1 -CHN CC THIT B TRONG S :
6.1. 1 - Chn my bin dng cho cc ng h o lng:
-My bin dng in BI c chc nng bin i dng in s cp c tr s bt
k xung 5 A (hoc 1A v 10A) nhm cp ngun dng cho o lng, t ng ha
v bo v rle.
-BI c chn theo iu kin:
in p nh mc:
mBI mnm
U U 35(kV)
Dng in s cp nh mc:Khi s c, MBA c th qu ti 30% nn BI chn
theo dng cng bc qua my bin p c cng sut ln nht trong mng l 750
(kVA).
Vy chn BI loi 4ME16 kiu hnh tr do hng Siemens ch to c cc thng s k
thut nh sau:
Thng s k thut 4ME16
U
m
(kV) 36
U chu ng tn s cng nghip (kV) 70
U chu ng xung 1,2/50
s(kV)
170
I
1m
(kV) 5-1200
I
2m
(kV) 1hoc 5
I
nhit
(kA) 80
I
ng
(kA) 120
Bng 3.24-Thng s k thut ca BI loi 4ME16.
6.1.2 - Chn cc ampemt:
Ampemt o dng th cp MBA c dng lm vic ln nht l:
I
lvmax
= 1515,5 (A)
Do c dng ln nh vy nn ta phi o qua my bin dng.
Tra bng 7-13 TKLCN ta chn ampemt loi -377 c s liu k thut nh trong
bng.
Bng 8- 3: Thng s k thut ca cc ng h o
Tn ng h Kiu Cp
chnh
xc
Gii hn o trc
tip
Gii hn o gin
tip (V)
C/s
cun
ni tip
(VA)
C/s cun
s.song
(VA)
Vn mt in t
-377
1,0
1 600 (V) 450V 450 KV
2,6
Ampemet in t
-377
1,5
1 80 (A) 5 A 15 KA
0,25
Otmt st ng 335 1,5
1KW 800
MW
0,5 1,5
VAR mt st ng 335/1 1,5
1KVAR
800MVAR
0,5 1,5
6.1.3 - Chn Vnmt;
Vnmt o in p ca th cp MBA c in p 400 V. Ta o trc tip khng cn qua
MBA o lng.
Tra sch TKLCN ta chn vnmt loi -377 c s liu k thut nh trong bng 8-2.
6.1.4 - Chn otmt v VAR mt:
Cun dng ca ot mt ni ni tip qua cun th cp ca BI, cun p ni trc tip
vo in p 400 V. Tra bng 7-13 TKLCN ta chn otmt v VAR mt c s liu k
thut nh trong bng 7 - 2.
6.1.5 - Chn cng t tc dng v cng t phn khng:
Cng t tc dng v cng t phn khng chn tng t nh otmt v VAR mt
Tra bng 7-2 TKLCN ta chn cng t CA
3
V CP
4Y
c cc thng s nh sau:
Bng 8-3: Thng s k thut cng t tc dng v phn khng
Tn Kiu
Cp
chnh
xc
o trc tip o gin tip
I (A) U (V) I (A) U (V)
Cng t tc dng CA
3
1,0 5,1 220 - 380 (10-2000)/5 220 - 380
Cng t phn
khng
CP
4Y
1,0 5,1 220 - 380 (20-2000)/5 220 - 380
6.2 - KIM TRA MY BIN DNG O LNG:
6.2. 1 - Kim tra ph ti th cp ca my bin dng vi cp chnh xc 1:
- iu kin kim tra
S
2m
S
2ttZ
Z
2m
Z
2ttZ
S
2m
= 40 VA
Z
2m
= 16
Z
2tt
= R
cd
+ R
dd
+ R
tx
Trong :
- r
dd
l in tr dy ni n dng c o
- r
tx
l in tr tip xc ly gn ng bng 0,1
- R
cd
l in tr cun dy ca dng c o.
R
cd
= R
cd
(A) + R
cd
(KW) + R
cd
(VAR) + R
cd
(KWh) + R
cd
(KVARh)
S
2tt
= 3S(A) + S(KW) + S(KVAR) + S(KWh) + S(KVARh)
Trong :
S(A) l cng sut tiu th ca ampemt
S(A) = 0,25 (VA) 3S(A) = 0,75 (VA)
S(KW) = S(KVAR) = S(KWh) = S(KVARh) = 0,5 (VA)
R
cd
= 0,75 + 0,5 + 0,5 + 0,5 + 0,5 = 2,75 (VA)
Gi thit ta ly S
dd
= 1,5 (mm
2
)
Ta c: R
dd
= .
I
S
dd
dd
Trong :
= 0,018 l in tr sut ca vt liu lm dy dn (ng)
l
dd
l chiu di dy dn ni t BI n ng h o
Trong trng hp dng 3BI th l = l
tt
= 30 m
S
dd
= 1,5 (mm
2
)
R
dd
=0,018.
30
15
0 36
,
, ( )
(R
tx
+ R
dd
).I
m
2
= (0,1 + 0,36).5
2
= 11,5 (VA)
S
2tt
=2,75 + 11,5 = 14,25 (VA)
Nh vy: S
2m
= 40 (VA) > S
2tt
= 14,25 (VA)
R
cd
= R
cd
(A) + R
cd
(KW) + R
cd
(VAR) + R
cd
(KWh) + R
cd
(KVARh)
R(A) =
S
l
2 2
0 25
5
0 01
,
,
R(KW) =
S
l
2 2
0 5
5
0 02
,
,
R
cd
= 3.0,01 + 4.0,02 = 0,01
Z
2tt
= 3.R(A) + R(KW) + R(VAR) + R(KWh) + R(KVARh) + R
tx
+ R
dd
= 0,03 + 0,02 + 0,02 + 0,02 + 0,02 + 0,01 + 0,36 =0,57
Nh vy: Z
2m
= 1,6 > Z
2tt
= 0,57
cho S
2tt
lun nh hn S
2m
th ta phi tnh ton sao cho S ca dy dn l nh nht.
Nu ta ly Z
2tt
= Z
2m
= 1,6 th R
dd
= Z
2ttZ
- (R
cd
+ R
tx
) = 1,6 - (0,21) = 1,39
cho Z
2tt
lun nh hn Z
2m
th tit din nh nht ca dy dn l
S
min
= .
I
S
dd
dd
= 0,018.
30
1 39
0 38
2
,
, ( ) mm
6.2.2 -Kim tra n nh ng:
25 , 13
2 . 2
5 , 37
. 2

mBI
xk
I
i
K
Kt lun: Nh vy K
= 250 > K
tt
= 13,25
Nh vy my bin dng chn tho mn cc iu kin chn v kin tra.
6.3 - LA CHN V KIM TRA MY BIN IN P BU:
-BU l MBA o lng (bin in p) c chc nng bin i in p s cp
bt k xung 100 (V) hoc 100/ 3 cp ngun p cho cc mch o lng, iu
khin tn hiu, bo v.
-BU thng u theo s
. / ; Y / Y
Ngoi ra cn c loi BU 3 pha 5 tr
/ Y / Y
0 0
(u sao khng, sao khng, tam gic h). Trong , cun tam gic h,
ngoi chc nng thng thng cn c nhim v bo chm t 1 pha. BU thng
dng cho mng trung tnh cch in (10 kV; 35kV).
-BU c chn theo iu kin in p nh mc:
mBU mnm
U U 35(kV)
Chn loi BU 3 pha 5 tr 4MS36, kiu hnh tr do hng Siemens ch to c cc
thng s nh sau:
Thng s k thut 4MS36
U
m
(kV) 36
U chu ng tn s cng nghip (kV) 70
U chu ng xung 1,2/50
s(kV)
170
U
1m
(kV)
35/ 3
U
2m
(kV)
100/ 3
Ti nh mc (VA) 400
Bng 8.3-Thng s k thut ca BU loi 4MS36
CHNG VII: THIT K H THNG BO V
I. THIT K H THNG RLE BO V
MBA l mt phn t quan trng trong li in, nu MBA b s c s dn n vic
ngng CC cho nh my hoc mt phn ca h tiu th gy nh hng n sn xut, nh
hng n kinh t c th gy nguy him cho ngi v thit b. Mt khc gi thnh ca
MBA so vi gi thnh ca cc thit b khc trong h thng CC cao hn rt nhiu, chi ph
sa cha ln, thi gian sa cha lu. Do vy MBA cn c bo vn mt cch chc chn.
Tuy nhin vic bo v bng loi bo v g cn ph thuc vo cng sut ca MBA m ta
thit k cho thch hp, y MBA ca nh my c: S
m
= 750kVA-35/ 0,4kV. Do ta
trang b cc loi bo v sau:
+Bo v ct nhanh.
+Bo v dng cc i
+Bo v rle hi.
- Bo v ct nhanh nhm mc ch gii tr nhanh chng thit b khi dng ngn
mch ln, bo v dng ngn mch trn u vo MBA v cun s cp MBA.
- Bo v dng cc i: Do nhc im ca bo v ct nhanh l ch bo v c
mt phn cun dy ca MBA do ta phi dng bo v dng cc i c thi gian duy
tr loi tr cc s c bn trong cun th cp MBA v cc trng hp m bo v ct
nhanh khng tc ng.
- Bo v rle hi bo v ngn mch gia cc vng dy, ngn mch gia cc
pha bn trong thng du ca MBA. Khi nhit bn trong thng du ca MBA
tng ln nn du bc hi lm gim mc du.
1. Chn s bo v.
Ta s dng s bo v gm 2 my bin dng v 2 rle (S sao thiu) y l s
c th bo v c tt c cc loi ngn mch.
Trng hp ngn mch 1 pha pha h p MBA nu khi kim tra nhy khng th
ta thm rle th 3 mc vo tng dng ca 2 rle kia, nu vn khng nhy ta phi
dng bo v th t khng cho MBA. Ngun thao tc cho bo v l ngun 1 chiu c in
p U
m
= 220 V.
2. Thit k bo v ct nhanh.
2.1. S bo v
1.2.2. Ch bin dng cho bo v

2.2. Chn rle dng in
chn c rle ta phi tnh c dng khi ng ca rle.

nBI
I K K
K
nBI
I
I
NM dt sd
sd
kdbv
kdR
. .
.
Trong : - K
s
l h s s , vi s sao thiu K
s
= 1
- K
dt
l h s d tr, vi rle P th K
dt
= 1,25 1,5. Ly K
dt
= 1,25
n
BI
=
240
5
1200
I
Nmax
: Dng ngn mch ln nht cui vng bo v quy i v s cp.
I
Nmax
=
35
4 , 0
. 55 , 15 . .
1
2
2
1
2
max

U
U
I
U
U
I
N N = 0,178 (kA) = 178 A
I
kbv
= K
dt
.I
Nmax
= 1,25.178 = 222,5 (A)
-
-
PTG
BI
35KV
MCC +
-
+
-
PI
1
Rle dng in
PI
2
TG: Rle trung gian
PY: Rle tn hiu
BI: Bin dng
PI1
PI2
PY
1
TG
Hnh 7-1: S nguyn l bo v ct nhanh
I
kR
=
( ) A 93 , 0
240
5 , 222
Chn rle dng c th iu chnh c dng khi ng vi tnh ton l 1,6-3,2 (A)
Tra bng 6-21 Trang 657 sa ch CC ta chn rle dng in PI c cc s liu cho trong
bng 7-2:
Ghi ch: Ky hiu tip im: : ong tc thi; M: M tc thi.
Bng .Thng s rle dng in
Kiu
Tham s u vo
K
tv
t
t
Tham s u ra
C/S tiu
th (VA)
gh dong (A) S tip
im
I
(A)
U
(V)
Cng sut
I
m
I
k
W VA
PT40/2 0,2
5,8
7,6
0,5
0,2
0,8
0,85
0,03
0,1
1+1M 2 220 60 300
2.3. Chn rle trung gian
Cn c vo s tip im cn dng, y rle trung gian ca bo v c dng cho c bo
v dng cc i, bo v th t khng v c bo v rle hi. iu kin chn:
+ U
m R
U
m ngun thao tc
= 220 V
+ C t nht 2 tip im thng m.
+ Tip im c kh nng ng c dng nh mc ca my ct l SA
Ta chn loi rle trung gian P-215 c cc thng s sau:
Bng .Thng s rle trung gian
Kiu
Tham s u vo Tham s u ra
P (W) U
M
(V) U
K
(V) T
t
(s) S ti p
i m
I (A)
P-215
5 220 0,5.U
m
0,01 2 + 2M 2
Ky hiu tip im: : ong tc thi; M: M tc thi.
2.4. Chn rle tn hiu
Rle ny dng bo tn hiu khi bo v tc ng.
- iu kin chn: I
mR
= I
m(P)
=
( )
P P
U P
A
dm
( )
( )
,

5
220
0 0227
Ta chn rle loi dng in kiu PY-21/ 0,025 c cc thng s c cho trong bng :
Bng . Thng s rle tn hiu
Kiu I
m
(A) [I] di hn(A)
R
cun dy
()
U
m
(V)
PY-21/ 0,025 0,025 0,075 320 220
2.5. Kim tra iu kin khi ng ca rle trung gian:
-iu kin kim tra: U
kPY
0,5 U
m
; U
m
= 220 V 0,5.U
m
= 110 V
-Xc nh in p t ln rle:
+in tr cun dy rle trung gian l: R
P
=
( )
U
P P
dm
2 2
220
5
9680
( )

+in tr cun dy rle tn hiu l 320()
+Dng qua rle trung gian v rle tn hiu l:
( ) I
U
R P R PY
A
dmngtt
+

+

( ) ( )
,
220
9680 320
0 022
St p trn rle tn hiu:
U
PY
= I.R
PY
= 0,022.320 = 7,04 (V)
Vy: U
P
= U
mngtt
-U
PY
= 220-7,07 = 212,93 (V)
U
P
= 212,93 (V) > 0,5 U
m
=110 (V)
Nh vy rle trung gian m bo iu kin khi ng.
3. Thit k bo v dng cc i.
3.1. S bo v
3.2. Chn rle dng in:
3RI: Rle dng in
4RI: Rle dng in
RT: Rle thi gian
TH: Rle tn hiu
BI: Bin dng
Hnh 7-2: S nguyn l bo v dng cc i
3RI 4RI RT TH
35KV
-
-
+
Tn hiu 1MC
CC
1MC1
2BI
Hnh 7-2: S nguyn l bo v dng cc i
-Tnh dng khi ng ca rle: I
kR
=
sd
kdbv
K
nBI
I
.
-I
kbv
: Dng khi ng ca bo v dng cc i.
- K
s
: L h s s , vi s sao thiu K
s
= 1 ; I
kbv
=
K K
K
I
dt sd
tv
lv
.
.
max
- K
dt
= 1,15 l h s d tr tnh t sai s v dng tr v ca rle dng.
- K
tv
L h s k ti s tng dng in cho cc ng c t khi ng.
K
tv
= 0,85 vi rle c c tnh tc ng c lp.
I
lv max
=
35 . 3
1250 . 4 , 1
= 28,87 (A)
I
kbv
=
87 , 28 .
85 , 0
2 . 15 , 1
.
.
max
min
lv
tv
dt
I
K
K K
= 78,12
I
kR
=
240
12 , 78
.
sd
kdbv
K
nBI
I
= 0,33 (A)
Cn c vo dng I
kR
ta chn rle PT 40/ 0,2 c cc thng s sau :
Bng 3.49 Thng s rle dng in
Kiu
Tham s u vo
K
tv
t
t
Tham s u ra
C/S tiu
th
(VA)
gh I (A) S tip
im
I
(A)
U
(V)
Cng
sut
I
m
I
k
W VA
PT40/0,6 0,2
1,6
3,2
0,15
0,6
0,8
0,85
0,03
0,
1
1+1M 2 220 60 300
Ky hiu tip im: : ong tc thi; M: M tc thi.
3.3. Chn rle thi gian:
iu kin chn: U
mR
= U
mngtt
= 220 (V)
+C tip im thng m ng chm.
+C th chnh nh dc thi gian tc ng theo c cu ca bo v.
+Xc nh thi gian duy tr ca bo v dng cc i cho MBA
T
maxBA
= T
maxdd
+ t
T
maxdt
: Thi gian duy tr ca bo v dng cc i cho cc l ng dy i ra thanh ci
ca TPPTT, y ta dng ATM 8DC11 do :
T
maxdd
= t
ATM
; T
maxBA
= t
ATM
+ t = 2,06 + 0,4 = 2,46 (s)
+ y t ly bng 0,4s
m T
maxBA
= t
tPT
+ t
tTHG
+ t
tP
t
t thG
= T
maxBA
- t
tPT
- t
tP
= 2,46 - 0,1 - 0,01 = 2,35 (s)
Trong : +t
tPT :
Thi gian tc ng ca rle dng in
+ t
tP
: Thi gian tc ng ca rle trung gian
Tra bng 2-63 Trang 658 sach CC TKCC ta chn rle c cc thng s sau:
Bng . Thng s rle thi gian
Kiu
Tham s u vo
P (VA) Um (V) Uk (V) T
t
(s) S tip im
B-122 30 W 1c 220 0,7 Um 0,25 3,5 1+1M+1C
Ky hiu tip im: : ong tc thi; M: M tc thi; C: ong chm.
3.4. Chn rle tn hiu v rle trung gian:
Rle tn hiu v rle trung gian c chn nh rle tn hiu v rle trung gian ca bo v
ct nhanh.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Nguyn Cng Hin Nguyn Mnh Hoch. H thng cung cp in ca x nghip cng
nghip th v nh cao tng. NXB Khoa Hc K Thut, 2005.
[2] Ng Hng Quang V Vn Tm. Thit k cp in. NXB Hc K Thut, 2006.
[3] Ng Hng Quang. S tay la chn v tra cu thit b in t 0,4 n
500kV. NXB Hc K Thut, 2000.
[4] Nguyn Xun Ph. Cung cp in. NXB Hc K Thut, 1998.
[5] Nguyn Hu Khi. Thit k nh my in v trm bin p. NXB Hc K Thut,
2005.
KT LUN
Trn y l ton b ni dung tnh ton s b cng nh phng php c th p
dng tnh ton h thng cung cp in ca xng c kh 1. Nh my c kh. Kt qu phn
tnh ton s b ny c th lm c s tnh ton thit k chi tit vic cung cp in cho ton
nh my. Trong khi thit k, vic thng k ph ti ca ca phn xng c kh s. Nh
my c kh, c nhng ph ti cn thiu cha c a vo tnh ton, cng c ph ti
c tnh ton trong tng lai. Nu em kt qu ny so vi mt bng h thng cung cp
in ca phn xng hin nay cn t nhiu sai khc. Do vy c c kt qu tnh ton
chnh xc khi thit k chi tit cn phi cn c vo tnh hnh thc t ti thi im thit k.
V trnh , kh nng cng nh vic nghin cu ti liu tham kho cn nhiu hn ch.
Phm vi ti thit k rng bao gm ton b 1 h thng cung cp in c ph ti kh
phc tp nn trong tnh ton thit k s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st.
ti ny c y , hon thin hn, chnh xc hn khi p dng vo trong thc
t em rt mong c s ng gp kin ca cc thy c gio v cc bn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n !
Vinh, ngy 25

thng 04 nm 2010.
Sinh Vin
Nguyn Hu Hong

Do An Cung Cap Dien

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N MN HC THIT K CUNG CP IN CHO NH MY C KH

SVTH: Nguyn Hu Hong - 11 - GVHD: Nguyn Minh Th

Da vo n, P tra bng xc nh c n

n : s thit b tiu th in thc t trong nhm.

Vi gi tr cho php ca my khoan ta chn cp ng c cch in PVC do hng LENS

Tnh ton cho nhm I :

Ngn mch xa ngun ly K

SVTH: Nguyn Hu Hong - 55 - GVHD: Nguyn Minh Th

=0,16.0,2 = 0,032 (m).

C - Tnh ngn mch 1 pha ti N

C - Tnh ngn mch 1 pha ti N

C - Tnh ngn mch 1 pha ti N

5.2 : KIM TRA THIT B :

Vi ngun c cng sut v cng ln I = I

: Dng in ngn mch n nh.

: l dng in ngn mch n nh ly bng I

: l dng in ngn mch n nh ly bng I

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