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Bai 10 NHIET ONG LC HOC

1. MUC CH
Muc ch bai th nghiem la giup sinh vien tm hieu bang thc te mot so van e c ban ve ly thuyet a hoc trong mon hoc Nhiet ong lc hoc ky thuat. T o giup sinh vien co mot khai niem chung ve mon hoc, hieu c vai tro va s ap dung cua no trong cong nghiep va i song.

2. THIET B TH NGHIEM 2.1. Mo hnh th nghiem


S o nguyen ly cua mo hnh th nghiem c bieu dien tren hnh 1. No la mot ong kh ong, trong o, khong kh c thoi qua t au nay en au kia cua ong va lan lt c lam lanh bang dan boc hi cua may lanh, say nong bang ien tr va lam am bang cach phun hi nc t mot bnh tao hi.

2.2. Mo ta s o
Khong kh nh quat gio (co ca ieu chnh lu lng) 1 thoi qua ong kh ong 2, lan lt c lam lanh trong gian lanh 4, sau o c say nong bang ien tr trong thiet b say 5, sau o c lam am bi voi phun hi 6 va c thoi ra ngoai. cac v tr trc va sau moi thiet b nam trong ong kh ong eu co at cac nhiet ke bau kho 7 va cac nhiet ke bau t 8 e o nhiet o va o am cua khong kh. Tai au ra cua ong kh ong co at ong ho o van toc gio 9 e xac nh lu lng gio thoi qua ong. Pha di dan lanh 4 co at dung cu o the tch nham xac nh lu lng nc ngng tu t khong kh b lam lanh.

Hnh 1: S o he thong th nghiem nhiet ong lc hoc

1. Quat gio 3. May lanh 5. Thiet b say nong khong kh bang ien tr 7 Nhiet ke bau kho 9. ong ho o van toc gio

2. Ong kh ong 4. Dan lanh 6. Voi phun hi 8. Nhiet ke bau t

3. PHNG PHAP TH NGHIEM


Trong bai th nghiem nay, sinh vien phai thc hien cac cong viec nh sau: 1) Xac nh trang thai khong kh bao gom: nhiet o, o am cua khong kh tai cac v tr trc dan lanh 4 (cung chnh la trang thai cua khong kh moi trng xung quanh), trc thiet b say nong khong kh 5 (sau dan lanh 4), trc voi phun hi 6 va sau dan phun hi (thai ra ngoai tri). T cac so lieu o c, sinh vien phai ve cac qua trnh thay oi trang thai cua khong kh tren gian o i-d va tren c s o sinh vien phai xac nh enthalpy va o cha hi cua khong kh tai cac v tr noi tren. 2) Tnh toan can bang nhiet cua ong kh ong bao gom cong viec nh: xac nh lu lng gio thoi qua ong, xac nh nang suat lanh cua danh lanh va phu tai nhiet cua thiet b say.

3.1. Quy trnh van hanh


1) Bat nut cong tac tong,kiem tra en bao u ba pha tren tu ien. 2) Bat quat thoi kh, ieu chnh lu lng khong kh bang cach ong/m ca gio. 3) Bat cong tat may lanh. 4) Bat cong tac ien tr gia nhiet (s dung 1 ien tr hoac ca hai ien tr ). 5) Bat nut ieu khien bnh hi (on) cho hi bao hoa. Theo doi nhiet o va ap suat tai bnh hi. Neu ap suat at 2kg/cm2 th bat au m van phun hi. 6) Sau khi m van phun hi, e he thong chay khoang 2 phut nham at o on nh. Lan lt o nhiet o bau kho, nhiet o bau t lan lt tai cac v tr. Dung ong ong va th ke o lu lng nc ngng pha sau dan lanh. 7) Bat nut ieu khien bnh hi (on) cho hi qua nhiet. e he thong tiep tuc chay khoang 2 phut nham at on nh va cung tien hanh o nh tren. 8) Thay oi che o hoat ong khac bang cach thay oi v tr ca gio, tang hoac giam ien tr, tang hoac giam lng hi phun vao. Chu y: Mc nc trong bnh hi c kiem tra sau moi th nghiem (tat ien tr) bang cach ong m van thong gia bnh hi va bnh cha nc e cap them nc cho bnh hi. Mc nc cap ngang vi nhiet ke hi bao hoa.

4. PHUC TRNH 4.1. Ket qua


Sau khi thiet b th nghiem a hoat ong bnh thng va on nh th sinh vien bat au ghi cac so lieu o vao bang 1 va 2 cho cac lan phun hi nc bao hoa va hi nc qua nhiet Bang 1: Nhiet o khong kh iem 1 Trc dan (moi trng) iem 2 iem 3 iem 4 lanh Trc thiet b say Trc voi phun hi Sau voi phun hi (Sau dan lanh ) (Sau thiet b say) (thai ra ngoai )

Nhiet ke Nhiet ke Nhiet ke Nhiet ke Nhiet ke Nhiet ke Nhiet ke Nhiet ke bau kho bau t bau kho bau t bau kho bau t bau kho bau t

Bang 2: Cac so lieu khac Van toc gio tai au ra ong kh ong v (m/s) Mau o lng nc tach ra t dan lanh V1 (ml) Thi gian lay mau o lng nc noi tren t1 (giay)

4.2. Tnh toan


4.2.1. Xac nh cac thong so cua khong kh: Theo gian o i-d (phu luc 1), can c vao nhiet o nhiet ke kho va nhiet ke t, sinh ven xac nh o am tng oi (%), enthalpy I(kj/kg) va o cha hi d (kg/kg) cua khong kh tai cac iem va viet vao bang 3. Sau o sinh vien phai ve qua trnh bien oi cua trang thai khong kh tren gian o i-d 4.2.2. Xac nh lu lng khong kh chuyen ong trong ong kh ong Lu lng trong lng Gkk (kg/s) cua khong kh chuyen ong trong ong kh ong co the c xac nh bang cong thc sau ay: Gkk = v.F. Trong o : v: van toc gio o tai au ra cua ong kh ong (Bang 2), m/s . F = 0,0144 m2: dien tch mieng ra cua ong kh ong . : khoi lng rieng cua khong kh (xac nh theo bang 4), kg/m3. Trong trng hp nay, c xac nh theo nhiet o t(oC) cua nhiet ke kho tai au vao cua ong kh ong. Bang 3: Cac thong so cua khong kh am Thong so iem 1 iem 2 iem 3 iem 4 Trc dan lanh Trc thiet b Trc voi phun Sau voi phun (moi trng) say (sau dan hi (sau thiet b hi (thai ra ngoai) say) lanh) Nhiet o t (oC) o am tng oi (%) (1)

Enthalpy i (kj/kg) o cha hi d (kg/kg) Bang 4: Khoi lng rieng cua khong kh (kg/m3) phu thuoc vao nhiet o t(oC) cua no T T T T T 30 1,165 40 1,128 50 1,093 60 1,060 70 1,029 31 1,161 41 1,124 51 1,089 61 1,057 71 1,026 32 1,157 42 1,121 52 1,086 62 1,054 72 1,023 33 1,154 43 1,117 53 1,083 63 1,051 73 1,020 34 1,150 44 1,114 54 1,079 64 1,047 74 1,017 35 1,146 45 1,110 55 1,076 65 1,044 75 1,014 36 1,142 46 1,107 56 1,073 66 1,041 76 1,011 37 1,139 47 1,103 57 1,070 67 1,039 77 1,009 38 1,135 48 1,100 58 1,066 68 1,035 78 1,006 39 1,131 49 1,096 59 1,063 69 1,032 79 1,003

4.2.3. Tnh toan dan lanh a) Nang suat lanh cua dan lanh Qo Qo = Gkk (i1 i2) Trong o: Gkk:lu lng trong lng cua khong kh chuyen ong trong ong kh ong, c xac nh theo cong thc (1), kg/s i1 va i2: enthalpy cua khong kh vao va ra khoi dan lanh (bang 3), kj/kg. b) Lng nc tach ra t dan lanh theo thnh toan ly thuyet Gnc Gnc = 3600.Gkk.(d2 d1) , kg/gi Trong o: d1 va d2: o cha hi cua khong kh vao va ra khoi dan lanh (bang 3), kg/kg. c) Lng nc thc te tach ra t dan lanh Gnc (3) (2)

G' nc =
Trong o:

0,06.V1

, kg/gi

(4)

V1 : mau o lng nc tach ra t dan lanh (bang 2), ml 1: thi gian lay mau o lng nc noi tren (bang 2), phut. 4.2.4. Tnh toan thiet b say khong kh a) Phu tai nhiet cua thiet b say khong kh Q Q = Gkk(i3 i2) , kW Trong o : i2 , i3: enthalpy cua khong kh vao va ra khoi thiet b say khong kh (bang 3), kj/kg. b) Lng nhiet do dong ien cung cap qua ien tr Q = 1kW (mot ien tr) Q = 2kW (hai ien tr ) (5)

5. BAN LUAN
1) Giai thch s thay oi trang thai cua khong kh khi i qua ong kh ong da tren s thay oi o am cua khong kh 2) Giai thch tai sao co the xac nh c o am cua khong kh thong qua nhiet o bau kho va nhiet o bau t 3) So sach gia cac qua trnh lam lanh, say nong va phun hi nc vao khong kh am tren o th i-d cua ly thuyet va thc te. Giai thch s sai biet o

6. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO


[1] Hoang nh Tn, Le Ch Hiep, Nhiet ong lc hoc ky thuat, HBK Tp. HCM, 1996. [2] Vo Van Bang, Vu Ba Minh, Qua trnh va Thiet b Tap 3 Truyen khoi, HBK Tp. HCM,1997.

6. CAU HOI CHUAN B


1) Hay neu va nh ngha cac loai khong kh am? 2) Neu phng phap chuyen oi gia cac loai khong kh am. 6

3) Hay mo ta o th khong kh am i-d. 4) Hay neu cac ng dung cua lnh vc khong kh am trong cong nghiep va trong i song hang ngay 5) The nao la nhiet o bau kho va nhiet o bau t. 6) Neu nguyen ly hoat ong cua nhiet ke bau t. 7) Neu cach xac nh o am tng oi cua khong kh khi xac nh c nhiet ke bau kho va nhiet ke bau t. 8) e nhiet ke bau t hoat ong chnh xac can phai co ieu kien g? 9) Bieu dien tren o th i-d cac qua trnh : lam lanh khong kh, say nong khong kh, va phun hi am vao khong kh. 10) Lu lng khoi lng va lu lng the tch cua khong kh am thay oi nh the nao khi i qua dan lanh, dan say nong va qua voi phun hi nc trong ong kh ong? 11) Hi nc bao hoa va hi nc qua nhiet la g? Cho v du. 12) Trong cong nghiep, khi s dung hi nc t lo hi th ngi ta s dung hi nc bao hoa hay hi qua nhiet, tai sao? 13) Cong thc (2), (5) s dung trong bai th nghiem da vao nguyen tac nao ? Hay giai thch. 14) Neu cach nap nc vao noi hi trong bai th nghiem kh he thong cha van hanh va khi he thong ang hoat ong.

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