TALISMAN

NAO ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS - MATERIALS, WELDING, CORROSION

MATERIALS FOR SOUR SERVICE NAO-SPC-D-MW-001

MATERIALS FOR SOUR SERVICE

Issue: 2011/01/01

Next Review Date:

June 2011

HSE/OI Staff Responsible:

CorrosionTechnical Authoritv

Published by: Talisman Energy Inc.

APPROVALS:

Operational Integrity Department Calgary

Copyright is owned by Talisman Energy Inc. All rights are hereby reserved. This document (in whole or in part) may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or means, without the prior written permission of Talisman, or as expressly permitted by law.

Tech Auth:
Eng. Auth:
VP-HSEOI:

Note: This is an existing specification currently being used by Talisman and has not been
technically reviewed or signed off by the Technical Authority at this time. Over time, these specifications will be rebuilt and validated through a specification review process. Please ensure that you use the most current copy of the specs listed on the NAO Portal under Engineering Specifications. The Technical Authority identified on the cover sheet is the point of contact for this specification.

Attention: Paper copies are uncontrolled. This copy is valid only at time of printing, 12/15/2010. The controlled document is available on the Talisman NAO Portal.

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MATERIALS FOR SOUR SERVICE

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ES1.A408

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. SCOPE..................................................................................................................................................2
2. APPLICABLE CODES, REGULATIONS, STANDARDS & SPECIFICATIONS.................................

3. DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................................................3

4. DESIGN, SELECTION & WORKMANSHIP .........................................................................................4

5. MATERIALS FOR SOUR SERVICE .................................................................................................... 4

6. WELDING ...........................................................................................................................................15

7. QUALITY ASSURANCE INSPECTIONIDOCUMENTATIONIINSPECTION.....................................17

8. HANDLING/STORAGE - STAINLESS STEEL.................................................................................19

9. SOUR SERVICE WITH HYROGEN - FAILURE MECHANISMS ......................................................19
10. SOUR SERVICE WITH CHLORIDES - REQUIREMENTS FOR
AUSTENTIC STAINLESS STEELS ................................................................................................20

11. SOUR SERVICE WITH CAUSTIC OR OTHER ALKALINE PROCESS FLUIDS .............................. 22
SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 23

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1. SCOPE
1.1.1. This specification details Talisman Energy Inc.'s Oil and Gas
requirements for materials to be used in Sour Service.

1.1.2. It makes major reference to NACE MR0175 - Sulphide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment.

1.1.3. This specification also details additional requirements that apply for Sour Service with hydrogen, chlorides, alkalis and amines. However it
does not cover all the general requirements for hydrogen, chlorides,

alkalis and amines in non-sour service and should not be used for such

purposes.
1.1.4. This specification makes reference to various equipment items, i.e.
pipework, pressure vessels, rotating equipment, etc., for which specific

TLM General Specifications exist. The requirements of these

specifications apply in all respects except where specifically modified by this specification.

2. APPLICABLE CODES, REGULATIONS, STANDARDS & SPECIFICATIONS

2.1.1. NACE MR0175 Standard Material Requirements Sulfide Stress

Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment.

2.1.2. NACE TM0284 Evaluation of Pipeline Steels for Resistance to Stepwise Cracking.

2.1.3. TLM General Introduction to Talisman Energy Inc. General NACE RP0472, Methods and Controls to Prevent In-Service Cracking of
Carbon Steel Welds in P-1 Materials in Corrosive Petroleum Refining
Environments, latest edition.

2.1.4. ASME Section ViII, Division 1, Rules for Construction of Pressure

Vessels, including latest addenda.

2.1.5. ASME Section VIII, Division 2, Alternate Rules for Construction of

Pressure Vessels, including latest addenda.

2.1.6. ASME Section II, Part A: Ferrous Material Specifications.

2.1.7. ASME Section II, Part B: Non-Ferrous Material Specifications.

2.1.8. ASME Section II, Part A, A20/A20M: Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels.

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ES1.A408

2.1.9. ASME Section II, Part C: Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes,
and Filler Metals.

2.1.10. ASME Section V: Nondestructive Examination.

2.1.11. ASME Section LX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications.

2.1.12. API Standard 617: Centrifugal Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical

and Gas Industries.

2.1.13. API Standard 618: Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services.
2.1.14. API Specification 11 P: Specification for Packaged Reciprocating

Compressors for Oil and Gas Production Services.

2.1.15. API Standard 610: Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Heavy Duty
Chemical and Gas Industry Services.

2.1.16. Specifications and Specification Index ES1.A100

3. DEFINITIONS
3.1. Sour Service

3.1.1. NACE MR0175 defines "Sour Service" as process streams containing H2S at the concentrations shown in Figures 1 & 2, contained in NACE MR0175.
3.1.2. Figure 1 shall be used for wet gas systems.

3.1.3. Figure 2 shall be used for multiphase oil, gas, and water systems.
3.2. The following definitions of Sour Service also apply for this specification:

3.2.1. Sour oil and gas multi-phase - if the fluids being handled are either
crude oil, or two or three-phase crude oil, water and gas;

3.2.2. The gaslliquid ratio is greater than 888.4m3;

3.2.3. The partial pressure of H2S in the gas phase is 70 kPa (abs) or more;

3.2.4. The surface operating pressure is 1850 kPa (g) or greater.

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3.3. With the exception of Pipeline Systems designed to CSA Z662 (see 3.5) NACE

MR0175 definitions for Sour Service are accepted by TLM for systems with less

than 10% mol H2S. All systems with 10% mol H2S or more shall be considered sour regardless of pressure.
3.4. Total Pressure

3.4.1. Where NACE MR0175 refers to total pressure, this means the total
design pressure.
3.5. Oil and Gas Pipelines to CSA Z662

3.5.1. For gas pipelines designed to CSA Z662, sour service is defined as

service in which the hydrogen sulphide partial pressure exceeds 0.35

kPa.
3.5.2. For oil pipeline systems designed to CSA Z662, sour service is defined as:

Where the system pressure is below 1400 kPa and the H2S
content in the gas is above 50 mollkmol.

Where the system pressure is at or above 1400 kPa and the

partial pressure of H2S in the gas phase is greater than 70 kPa.
3.6. AEUB Sour Gas Pipelines

3.6.1. Sour Gas pipeline is when H2S content of gas is greater than 10
mol/kmol.

3.6.2. The AEUB Pipeline Regulation overrides the CSA location factors for
sour pipeline. The design stress levels shall not be greater than:

60% SYMS for all under ground pipeline facilities. 50% SMYS for all above ground pipeline faciliies.
4. DESIGN, SELECTION & WORKMANSHIP
4.1.1. Please refer to the appropriate TLM General Specification equipment

item.

5. MATERIALS FOR SOUR SERVICE

All materials for sour service as defined in this Specification shall comply fully with NACE Standard MR0175 except as modified or extended below.

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ES1.A408

5.1. General

5.1.1. All pressure vessels and heat exchangers in sour service are
considered to be containing a lethal substance and shall be 100% radiographed and stress relieved in accordance with the applicable
sections of the ASME Code.

5.1.2. Materials shall be selected from those permitted in the NACE Standard.

In addition, two other materials, which have been found resistant to

Sulphide Stress Cracking, may be employed. These are:

5.1.2.1. Firth Vickers FV 520B, in the averaged 620C (1148F)

condition with maximum hardness 318 HV10 (Rc32)

5.1.2.2. Nimonic 90 in the following conditions:

. Solution annealed. . Solution annealed and age hardened to Rc35 maximum, in

line with Section 4 of the NACE Standard. Material in this condition is acceptable for general service.
. Cold worked and age hardened to Rc50 maximum, in line

with Section 8 of the NACE Standard. Material in this

condition is acceptable for springs.

5.1.3. All castings shall be suitably heat-treated after any welding operation
has been performed; this requirement also applies to the weld repair of defects, irrespective of size. The practice of leaving "as welded" areas in castings for sour service is unacceptable. All repair welds shall be heat treated as follows:

o Carbon and carbon manganese steels: stress relieve in

accordance with design code.
. Martensitic stainless steels e.g. 11-13% chromium steel: re-

heat-treat completely or double temper (see NACE Standard para. 3.7 for details of both heat treatments).
. Austenitic stainless steels: solution anneaL.
. Austenitic nodular iron: welding is not permitted.

5.1.4. The selection of materials for sour service shall also take into account

resistance to general corrosion. The pH value of the process stream

and the presence or absence of corrosive agents such as oxygen,
carbon dioxide, chlorides etcetera are of particular importance.

5.1.5. When the chloride content and the corrosive conditions are such that

they cannot be handled by austenitic steels; more highly alloyed

materials such as Incoloy 825, Inconel 625, and Hastelloy C etcetera

shall be selected according to the process conditions. Carbon Steel

should also be considered with additional corrosion allowance.
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5.1.6. Where the process duty is such that a wet gas environment exists in one part of a vessel and a multiphase (oil, gas, water) system exists in another part of the same vessel, the material of construction for the
entire vessel shall be suitable for the more severe sour gas conditions.

5.1.7. High strength steels at high levels of stress such as internal bolting,
springs, bellows and parts of reciprocating compressors require specific

attention, as experience shows they are susceptible to SSC in lower concentrations of wet hydrogen sulphide than indicated by the NACE Standard definition of sour service. They shall comply with the NACE

Standard when in contact with any concentration of wet hydrogen

sulphide.

5.1.8. All vessels including internals and other equipment intended, as a part
of a sour gas or liquid system, when fabricated from carbon steel, shall utiize fully killed, vacuum degassed materiaL.

5.1.9. All plates, forgings and weld material shall have maximum carbon
content not exceeding 0.3% by weight.

5.1.10. The CE shall not exceed 0.45. The carbon equivalent shall be
computed by using the following formula.
CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15

SEE ADDENDUM 1 FOR SOUR SERVICE PIPING SPECIFICATIONS

5.1.11. All ferrous material, for vessels exceeding 300 # ASME flange rating, in

contact with the process fluid and subject to welding shall have the
following chemical limitations.

S=
Cr + Mo + Ni + V + Cu = Cr + Mo + Ni + V + Cu =

0.012 wt% - max (plate materials) 0.500 wt% - max (plate materials)
0.600 wt% - max (other material) 0.12 wt% - max (other material)

Nb+V+Ti =

Nb+V=
Ti=

0.03 wt% - max (plate materials)

~0.03 wt% - max (other material)

5.1.12. The above chemical composition limitation requirements are

supplementary to the manufacturer's specifications which shall govern where it specifies lower limits.

5.1.13. Hardness values shall comply with the requirements of Table 1.

These requirements apply to the base metal, weld metal and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). Testing shall be carried out after production welding, where "approved welding procedures" by qualified welders
have been used or after PWHT

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ES1.A408

Table I

Material .P. Number

P1

Brineii Hardness

P3, P4 P5, P6, P7

P10, P11

200 225 235 225

5.1.14. One-piece heads shall be utilized.

5.1.15. Prior to release from the supplier, all plates for pressure retaining

components 50mm and thicker, shall be ultrasonically examined in

accordance with ASTM SA-435. Scanning shall be continuous along a perpendicular grid on 75mm centers, maximum. Acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with Level C.
5.1.16. All nozzle connections shall be of the "set-in" type.

5.1.17. Nozzles shall be integrally reinforced forgings.

5.1.18. Pressure vessels in Sour Service shall not be lined unless specified by
TLM.

5.1.19. Screwed connections are not permitted. Connections shall not be less
than 1 %,'.

5.1.20. Corrosion allowance shall be 3.2mm.

5.1.21. Corrosion gauge points shall be installed on each vessel operating in corrosive service. The location, number and type shall be specified by
TLM.

5.2. Carbon, Carbon Manganese and Low Alloy Steel Pressure Vessels
5.2.1. Sour service pressure vessels, including heat exchanger shells,
channels and floating heads, shall be stress relieved at 1150F

minimum.
5.2.2. Stress-relieving procedures shall be in accordance with the appropriate design code.

5.2.3. Internal and external bolting exposed to sour environments shall be

selected to be resistant to SSC.
5.2.4. Pressure vessels for sour service in materials other than carbon and carbon manganese steels shall be subject to TLM specification or
approvaL.

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5.3. Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steel Process Pipework

5.3.1. Carbon steel pipework shall conform to the following Colt Engineering

Corporation GS-903.02 and GS-903.03 Talisman Specific General

Specifications within process plant limits and other similar areas as
specified by TLM.

GS-903.02 GS-903.03 GS-903.03

Talisman Specific

Pipinq Material- General Pipinq Material - Line Classes Pipinq Material - Line Classes
CS2, CCS2, DS2, DCS2, ES2, ECS2, PCCS2,

PDCS2, Notes, Branch Chart 1,2,6

5.3.2. Unless specifically agreed with TLM, all piping welds in sour service
shall be stress relieved. This includes structural attachment welds to

pressure retaining components.

5.3.3. Cold bends shall be limited to 1 1/2% maximum strain unless stress relieved. Heat treatment of cold bends for P1 to P6 materials shall be preformed when maximum calculated fiber elongation after bending
exceeds 50% of the specified basic minimum elongation or when any material that requires impact testing where the maximum calculated elongation after bending exceed 5%. Hot bending shall be carried out in a manner that ensures the hardness levels meet the NACE standard.
Test bends are required to qualify the manufacturers pipe bend

procedures.
5.3.4. Material test certificates shall be submitted for approval by TLM as described in Colt Piping Material - Line classes GS-903.03 TLM Specific Specification. These shall include material manufacturer's test
certificates, Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) charts where applicable

and welding procedure qualification test results incorporating hardness survey results on etched macro sections.
5.4. Alloy Steel Pipework

5.4.1. Irrespective of pipe size and wall thickness, alloy welds shall be
subjected to PWHT at 1150F minimum.
5.5. Stainless Steel Pipework
5.5.1. All heat treatment and hardness of stainless steel pipework and

weldments shall be subject to approval by TLM.

5.6. Pipelines

5.6.1. Pipe, valves and associated fittngs shall conform to project specific Colt Piping Material - Line Class, TLM Specific Specifications based on CSA
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ES1.A408

Material Specification Z245.1, Z245.11, Z245.12 and Colt GS-903.03.

All material specifications shall be subject to approval by TLM.

5.6.2. Tests in accordance with the procedure of NACE TM0284 shall be

carried out on all pipeline steels in sour service to demonstrate that they are resistant to hydrogen-induced 'step' cracking. TLM written approval required to wave HIC testing.

5.6.3. The requirements of the Canadian Pipeline Standards CSA Z662 for
sour service shall be complied with in fulL.

5.6.4. PWHT of field girth welds of pipelines is not required unless specified by

TLM, in which case the specific provisions shall be subject to TLM approval.
5.7. Low Temperature

5.7.1. For low temperature applications, the use of carbon and low-alloy ferritic steels containing more that 1 % nickel including weld materials is not permitted for sour process streams.

5.7.2. Where it is normal practice to employ low-alloy steel welding electrodes containing 1-3% nickel in carbon steel pipework, alternative nickel-free electrodes with guaranteed impact properties for the service conditions shall be utilized, subject to TLM approval.
5.8. Valves

5.8.1. Material selection and fabrication procedures shall be in accordance with the latest Revision of the NACE Standard and Colt GS-903.03
Piping Material - Line Class, TLM specific.

5.8.2. All valve parts that can be contacted by the sour environment shall
conform to the NACE Standard, this requirement extends to all internals as well as pressure-containing components. Items which are not freely

vented to atmosphere (i.e. insulated and buried equipment) where leakage of the process stream could subject the equipment to a sour environment and all external bolting shall conform to the NACE Standard.
5.8.3. Where plated components are employed, the material on which the plating is deposited shall conform to the NACE Standard. The plating employed shall be resistant to the environment. Cadmium and zinc plating are unsuitable as these metals corrode readily when in contact with hydrogen sulphide.
5.8.4. Where a ball valve is employed, weld repair of the ball is not acceptable.

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5.8.5. All valve springs shall be made from materials resistant to SSC.
Acceptable spring materials are those given in the NACE Standard and Nimonic 90.

5.8.6. For large springs where the cost of resistant materials is verj high, and where spring failure is specified by TLM as not critical in terms of safety or production losses, non-resistant materials, suitably protected from the environment, may be proposed for approval by TLM. The use of the following coatings may be considered:
Flexible 2-pack epoxy paint formulation. The maximum service

temperature for this type of coating is 100C (212F).

Aluminum spray plus sealer. Resistant coatings of the fluorinated polymer type applied by the
fluidized bed process.

5.8.7. Where coatings have been accepted by TLM the complete spring shall be protected and special attention shall be given to the half coils at the

spring ends.
5.8.8. It is recognized that protective coatings cannot provide long-term

protection against failure. TLM will take this into account, particularly
when specifying or approving relief valves.

5.8.9. In bellows-sealed relief valves, the springs shall be in accordance with

the NACE standard and this specification.
5.8.10. The packing selected shall be compatible with the stem materiaL.

Uninhibited graphite or carbon-type packing is unacceptable when in

contact with stainless steel.

5.8.11. Nitrile rubbers are unacceptable, but fluoroelastomers may be proposed

for approval by TLM. All non-metallic materials proposed for '0' rings, seals, seal rings, etc. shall prove suitable for the environment before use.
5.9. Rotating Machinery

5.9.1. Sour service for rotating machinery shall be as defined in the NACE standard.
5.9.2. The materials selected and fabrication procedures employed shall

comply with this Standard.

5.9.3. Carbon and carbon manganese steel plate for fabricated compressor
casings shall be of proven resistance to sulphide stress cracking and

will be subject to TLM ApprovaL.

5.9.4. All fabrication welds and repair welds shall be heat treated as follows:
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ES1.A408

. Carbon and carbon manganese steels: PWHT at 580/620C (1 076/1148F), other temperatures only as approved by TLM.
. Low alloy steels: PWHT details shall be subject to approval by

TLM.
. Martensitic stainless steel (11-13% chromium steel): Re-heat

treat completely including double temper.

. Austenitic stainless steels: Only require PWHT if specified by

NACE para. 1.3.2.2(b).

5.9.5. Cast irons and ferritic ductile (nodular) irons e.g. ASTM A 395 are
unacceptable for pressure-retaining parts and for impellers etc. The use

of these materials for non-pressure, low-stressed components shall be

subject to approval by TLM. Austenitic irons are also generally

unacceptable for pressure-retaining parts.
5.9.6. All components such as internal bolting, springs, etc. shall comply with the relevant parts of this specification.

5.9.7. Shafts and piston rods in plain carbon, low and medium alloy and 11-

13% chromium steels shall be heat treated to minimize residual

stresses, and shall have a hardness not exceeding 248 HV10 (RC22)
and a yield stress not exceeding 620 N/mm2 (90 000 Ibf/in2).
5.9.8. Shafts in austenitic stainless steel shall be in the solution-annealed

condition. Where 17 Cr - 4Ni Precipitation Hardening steel is employed, it shall conform to Appendix A of the NACE Standard, while FV 520 steel shall be in accordance with para. 4.1 of this specification. K.
Monel and Inconel X-750 shafts shall be in accordance with Section 4 of the NACE Standard.

5.9.9. The straightening of shafts after completion of machining shall not be

commenced without prior approval from TLM.

5.9.10. Before any attempt is made to rectify machining errors by the

application of metal coatings, approval shall be obtained from TLM.

5.9.11. All associated equipment e.g. pressure vessels, pipework, etc. shall
comply with this Standard.
5.9.12.

All components in 11-13% chromium steel shall be double tempered

after either normalizing or quenching, and unless stated otherwise in this Specification, the hardness shall be 248 HV10 (RC22) maximum in accordance with NACE Standard.

5.10. Centrifugal Pumps

. Centrifugal pumps shall conform to TLM Specification ES1.P1 01 except as

modified by this Standard.

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For centrifugal pumps only, austenitic nodular iron is acceptable in certain

cases, subject to approval by TLM. Welding of this material, including repair welding, is not permitted.

All castings shall be proved sound by radiography, and they shall be stress
relieved at 620/670C (1148/1240F).

5.10.1. Shafts in plain carbon and low alloy steels shall be totally protected from

the process stream by corrosion-resistant sleeves, cap nuts (where applicable) etc. Unprotected 11-13% chromium steel may be used only
where it has adequate corrosion resistance to the process fluid.
5.11. Reciprocating Compressors

5.11.1. For reciprocating compressors only, the service shall be regarded as

sour when the gas contains any level of H2S. In all such cases, the
materials and fabrication procedures shall be in accordance with this Specification.

5.11.2. Reciprocating compressors shall conform to TLM Specifications

ES1.K102 & ES1.K1 03 except as modified by this Standard.

5.11.3. Piston rods shall be either 11-13% chromium steel or an alternative

material approved by TLM.

5.11.4. The piston rods shall conform to the requirements of this Specification. However, the rods may be hardened in the region of the packings by the surface induction hardening method.

5.11.5. Liners shall be resistant to the corrosive environment. Where cast iron

would be corroded, a suitable grade of austenitic cast iron may be

proposed for TLM approval.

5.11.6. Valve plates, rings, channels, seats and stops shall be made from 1113% chromium steel, unless otherwise approved by TLM. The maximum

hardness for these components shall be 300 HV10 (HRC30). The double tempering requirement after normalizing or quenching still applies.
5.11.7. Valves involving flexing plates are not normally permitted. An exception may be made if it can be shown that the valve plate stresses are low

enough to preclude SSC.

5.11.8. Valve springs shall be Inconel X-750 or Nimonic 90. The design stress shall not exceed 276 N/mm2 (40 000 Ibf/in2).
5.11.9. Alternative materials and designs may be used for compressor valves,

where proof is submitted that they have given satisfactory service. However, all changes in materials, fabrication procedures and design
shall be subject to TLM approvaL.
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ES1.A408

5.12. Centrifugal Compressors

5.12.1. Centrifugal compressors shall conform to TLM Specification K101
except where modified by this Specification.

5.12.2. Fabrication processes that result in cold-worked material, e.g. riveting of

impellers, shall not be employed unless prior approval has been

obtained from TLM.
5.13. Lubrication, Shaft Sealing and Control Oil Systems

5.13.1. All equipment in contact either with seal oil or gas which is sour, e.g. vessels, pumps, piping, valves, etc. shall conform to this Standard as

regards material selection and fabrication procedures.

5.14. Instrumentation

5.14.1. Instrument piping shall be in accordance with the TLM Specification L 103 Appendix C (Piping Materials and Classes) associated process
line specification unless otherwise specified or approved by TLM.

5.14.2. Bellows, diaphragms, Bourdon tubes, items which cannot be heat treated after welding, and components which cannot function in the

softened condition shall be fabricated from materials resistant to

cracking in the hardened or non-heat-treated conditions as defined in
the NACE Standard. Incoloy 825 and Monel 400 have given satisfactory

service in certain environments; and may be proposed for TLM

approval.
5.15. Bolting

5.15.1. Bolting shall comply with the NACE Standard requirements when in
contact with any concentration of wet H2S.

5.15.2. Ferritic steel bolts and nuts shall conform to Section 6 (Classes I & II) of the NACE Standard.
5.15.3. Where austenitic stainless steel bolts and nuts are required, these items

shall be free from cold work; they shall be solution treated after thread
rolling etc. as outlined below:
o Bolts shall be Class 1A of ASTM A193 e.g. B 8MA (Type 316

bolts solution treated after all cold work including thread rolling).
. Nuts shall be of the 'A' suffix variety of ASTM A 194 e.g. Grade

8MA (Type 316) solution treated after all hot or cold working.

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5.16. Bellows

5.16.1. Bellows shall comply with the NACE Standard requirement when in
contact with any concentration of wet H2S.

5.16.2. Austenitic stainless steels shall not be used for bellows, but material selection may be made according to the process conditions from the
following:
Incoloy 82511nconel 6251 Monel 400 Other materials may be proposed for approval by TLM. The

production procedure-shall comply with the requirements of the NACE Standard.

5.17. Metallc Overlays

5.17.1. Explosively clad, roil bonded and fusion-bonded corrosion resistant

overlays such as austenitic stainless steels and Monel are considered to

be effective barriers to the sulphide environment. Where such overlays

are employed the backing material need not conform to this Standard.

5.18. Elastomers and Materials for Fluid Seals

5.18.1. There are many factors which will determine the suitability of an
Elastomer or Seal Material in a given service:

. Temperature . Pressure
Chemical Resistance to Hydrocarbons . Inhibitors present Mechanical Design of Component

5.18.2. This means that it is not possible to specify materials that will be
suitable under all conditions, however the following guidelines are

suggested:

Suitable
PTFE
Zinc Free Graphite*

Unsuitable
Fluorcarbon (Viton) Nitrile Rubber Butadence Rubber Butyl Rubber

(See Section 5.8)

Neophene
Nylon

5.18.3. Where appropriate TLM General Specifications specify Elastomers and

Seals for specific items i.e. valves. Alternative materials will only be accepted if it can be clearly demonstrated that they are suitable for the proposed application.
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ES1.A408

5.19. Trays

5.19.1. Traps and mist extractor elements in corrosive service, or at

temperatures below -30C, shall be 304 stainless steel with a minimum thickness of 1.9mm.

5.19.2. The design of each tray shall include a lug to which corrosion coupons may be attached. The lug shall be positioned beside the tray manway. The lug shall also be located so that coupons may be immersed either

in the gas or liquid phase. In general, each lug shall be 40mm square
by 6mm thick, made of the same material as the tray.

5.19.3. The bolting shall be 304 SS regardless of the type of tray installed.

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6. WELDING
6.1. Full penetration welds are required for all pressure retaining welds and all

internal/external attachments to the pressure boundary. The exception is "eartype" lifting lugs where the weld shall be vented.
6.2. All welding Procedure SpecificationslWelding Procedure Qualification Records

(WPSIWPQR's) shall contain hardness test results. WPQR hardness testing shall be carried out by the Vickers Micro hardness method. Acceptance criteria

for Vickers hardness testing shall be 210Hv max. Hardness testing shall be
carried out on a sample cross section and shall include three readings each in the HAZ, weld and base material, at 0.25t from each surface and at 0.5t.

6.3. The control and handling of welding materials during fabrication shall be an integral part of the Vendor's Inspection and Test Plan.
6.4. Qualified ASME Code Welders shall perform all welding, including tack welding
and non-pressure attachment welding, including saddles or skirts.

6.5. Weld repairs to base materials require prior approval by TLM.

6.6. All welding, including repairs and internallexternal attachment welds require a

preheat of 300F minimum, or in accordance with ASME Section V111.Div 1,

Appendix "R" or as otherwise specified on the Colt Vessel Data Sheet.

Temperature shall be checked on the opposite side of heat application. Minimum preheat temperature shall be maintained during all welding and reapplied after

stopping work on a particular weld joint. A detailed preheat procedure shall be

provided and shall include provisions for completion of pressure welds prior to allowing to cool to ambient temperature.
6.7. Vessel shall be Post Weld Heat Treated in accordance with the ASME Code and

shall be PWHT'd in a furnace in one piece. Heat Treatment charts shall be

provided and included as part of the ASME Code Data book.
6.8. All welding consumable filler metals shall be as specified in the ASME Code,

Section ", Part C.

6.9. The deposited weld metal principal alloying elements and mechanical properties

shall conform to the ASME requirements for chemical analysis and mechanical
requirements of the base metal.

6.10. All WPS'sIWPQR's shall include the consumable Manufacturer's Trade Name,
and shall be considered an essential variable for production welding.

6.11. Only Low-Hydrogen welding consumables and welding processes shall be

utilized.

6.12. Welds deposited by the SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) process shall not derive principal elements from the flux (i.e., only neutral fluxes are permitted).
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ES1.A408

6.13. Procedures for welding consumable storage and handling shall conform, as a
minimum, to the following guidelines:

6.13.1. The Vendor shall utilize filler metal storage and handling procedures
such that filler materials are maintained in a clean, dry condition at all

times. Low hydrogen electrodes shall be handled and stored in

accordance with the Manufacturer's recommendations to avoid moisture pickup and to retain the low hydrogen characteristics of the electrode.

6.13.2. Electrodes and all other welding consumables shall be properly

identified at all times.

6.13.3. SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) Electrodes:

. Low Hydrogen Electrodes (such as E7018-1; E7028; E8018-X; and

E11 018) shall be stored at all times in an unopened and undamaged factory sealed container or electrode storage oven at manufacturer's recommended temperature. The oven may be stationary or portable (rod caddy).

6.13.4. The Vendor's welding materials handling procedure shall specify maximum exposure limits of electrodes removed from storage.
Electrodes, which exceed exposure limits, shall be re-baked (according

to manufacturers' guidelines) prior to reuse. One re-bake cycle is

permitted. Wet, damaged, or contaminated electrodes shall be

discarded.
6.13.5. SAW Electrodes and Fluxes:

. Submerged arc wire shall be stored with Supplier's wrapper

intact. Coils that have been partially used shall be protected and

identified before being returned to storage. Contaminated or

unidentified wire shall not be used.
. Flux used for SAW shall be dry and free from contamination.

Flux shall be stored in factory packaging until time of use. Flux from damaged packages shall be re-dried in accordance with the Manufacturer's recommendations before use.
6.13.6. WPS'slWPQR's for the SAW process shall contain chemical analyses and shall comply with the chemical analyses requirements of ASME Section II, Part C.

6.13.7. Temporary attachments such as hold-down fixtures or alignment bars shall be removed and the surface under such welds shall be properly conditioned to eliminate surface stress risers. All attachment materials
shall be of the same chemical composition and type as the base

materiaL.

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6.13.8. Arc strikes made in areas not to be covered by the finished weld shall be ground, visually inspected and Wet Fluorescent MT examined to ensure that the surface is sound.

7. QUALITY ASSURANCE IDOCUMENTATIONIINSPECTION

7.1. General

7.1.1. Documentation and inspection shall be provided to prove the identities

of all materials of construction and to establish that the correct heat

treatment has been applied so that the finished product complies fully with this Specification.

7.1.2. Except in the case of austenitic steels, where the hardness can be
checked without damaging the component, the manufacturer shall
conduct hardness tests to ensure that the hardness requirements of this

Specification are met, and TLM inspectors may carry out random hardness checks. Where hardness values in excess of the
requirements of this Standard and the NACE Standard are obtained the

part shall be rejected.

7.1.3. Except in the case of austenitic steels, for small items, e.g. small
springs, pins, etc. which can not be hardness tested individually, the

manufacturer shall conduct tests on a random basis by selecting

components from production runs or stores batches to ensure that the product complies fully with this Specification.

7.1.4. For austenitic steels, it shall be proved to the satisfaction of the inspector that the specified heat treatment has been carried out
correctly.

7.1.5. Details of component materials and the material condition shall be

subject to TLM approval prior to manufacture.
7.1.6. Reference should be made to the appropriate TLM General

Specification for other inspection and documentation requirements, in

particular Colt Engineering General Specification Piping Material - Line Class, Talisman Specific.
7.1.7. All beveled weld edge preparations on Carbon Steel or Low Allow

material 50mm and thicker, including out on area 50mm from plate edge and knuckle areas on heads after forming, shall be 100% MT examined.
7.1.8. Internal weld surfaces (where accessible) of Carbon Steel or Low Alloy

Steel materials shall be 100% examined by the Wet Fluorescent

Magnetic Particle (WFMT) method. This requirement is applicable
where the Owner will be carrying out similar in-service inspection.

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ES1.A408

7.1.9. All root passes and back-gouged weld joint areas on vessels, after back gouging to sound metal, shall be 100% MT examined or for nonmagnetic materials, 100% Liquid Penetrant (PT examined.

7.1.10.AII pressure retaining welds shall be 100% RT examined. In the event that RT is not possible, 100% UT examination is acceptable. Prior TLM approval is required.
7.1.11. Class 1 film shall be utilized for all radiography.

7.1.12. Final elevations and orientations of nozzles shall be checked prior to

PWHT. Dimensional check for roundness and straightness shall be

carried out prior to shipment.

7.1.13. 10% of all pressure retaining welds and welds to the pressure boundary on vessels shall be hardness tested (weld/HAZ). Three readings shall

be taken in each area for each weld location. Hardness values shall not

exceed 200BHN after PWHT. Hardness value shall not exceed the

requirement of Table # 1 classes (Section 5.1.13), details the

requirement for pipe & piping components.

7.1.14. Both sides of all completed pressure retaining welds on vessels shall be inspected by magnetic particle method.

7.2. Hard Stamps

7.2.1. Conventional sharp 'V' stamping is not acceptable. Low stress stamping shall be utilized. Round 'V' stamps may be used elsewhere, providing

the identities are placed on the external surfaces of low stress areas.
Where stamps have been inadvertently applied to high stress areas, subsequent heat treatment is required unless approved otherwise by
TLM.
7.3. Marking Paints, Crayons, Etc.

7.3.1. Conventional paints, crayons and adhesive tapes frequently used for
temporary marking during fabrication, etc. may contain significant
amounts of chloride and heavy metals. Unless approved by TLM, these marking materials shall not be used on any stainless steel, and if used

on carbon or low alloy steels they shall be removed before heat

treatment.
8. HANDLING/STORAGE - STAINLESS STEEL
8.1.1. Note that stainless steel in the presence of chlorides can frequently be
associated with external chloride attack. In such cases, the following

shall apply:
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Austenitic stainless steels shall be protected externally if they

are to operate at temperatures between 40C (104 OF) and

120C (248 OF) in chloride-containing environments, i.e. areas

close to the sea.

Stainless steels for use in tropical marine areas, as specified by

TLM, shall be protected externally before transporting to site and the protection maintained during construction and operation at

site. Protection of welds and associated heat-affected zones is

most important. Any painting specification used in the context of this Section shall be subject to TLM approval.

Ferritic contamination of stainless steel component shall be

avoided.
9. SOUR SERVICE WITH HYROGEN - FAILURE MECHANISMS
9.1. General

9.1.1. Sulphide stress cracking is brought about by diffusion of atomic hydrogen into steel from the corrosion reaction at the metal surface. This hydrogen diffusion can also cause deterioration or failure of
equipment from two other related mechanisms, namely hydrogen

blistering and 'step' cracking, which are not covered by the NACE
Standard. Hydrogen blistering and step cracking are encountered most

frequently in carbon and carbon manganese steels and it should be noted that these failure mechanisms operate both within the sour
service conditions defined in the NACE Standard and also at lower total and partial pressures of H2S than are specified in the NACE Standard for SSC. The phenomena of hydrogen blistering and 'step' cracking can

occur not only within the SSC regions of the appropriate graphs, but
also within the areas of these graphs regarded as 'safe' with respect to

SSC.
9.2. Hydrogen Blistering in Vessels and Pipework
9.2.1. Diffusing atomic hydrogen collects and converts to molecular hydrogen

at voids and inclusions. Sufficient pressure builds up at these points to deform the steel and produce blisters. The degree of deterioration is related to the corrosiveness of the process stream and the cleanliness
of the steel.
Hydrogen blistering may be prevented by:

41 Inhibiting the process stream, o Applying a protective lining to the steel surface, or

o Using steels with very low levels of inclusions. The method

appropriate to particular plant and equipment will be specified or subject to approval by TLM.
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ES1.A408

9.3. "Step" Cracking in Pipeline Steels

9.3.1. This failure mode is confined essentially to those controlled rolled steels,

which contain appreciable quantities of Type II MnS inclusions. Such

inclusions are present throughout the pipe wall in the form of elongated platelets. Diffusing hydrogen collects at the inclusion sites and builds up

suffcient pressure to cause de-cohesion along the inclusion/steel

interface, producing a crack-like defect parallel to the pipe surface. This

cracking can occur in mechanically low and high strength steels even
without the application of stress. The linking together by ductile tearing, or hydrogen cracking, under applied stress of a number of these parallel defects can produce a step-like crack through the pipe walL.
9.3.2. Pipeline steels for sour service shall have inclusion morphologies, which will not lead to 'step' cracking.

10. SOUR SERVICE WITH CHLORIDES - REQUIREMENTS FOR AUSTENTIC

STAINLESS STEELS
10.1.1. Austenitic stainless steels shall be in the solution-annealed condition.

10.1.2. Bends in pipework and tubing and other cold formed items shall be
solution annealed at 1050 C (1920 OF) or stress relieved at 900/950 C (1650/1740 OF) after forming.

10.1.3. Austenitic stainless steels are not acceptable for bellows or other
components in the cold worked or highly stressed condition. The NACE

Standard prohibits the use of cold worked austenitic stainless steels.

Incoloy 825 is an acceptable material among others for this duty.

10.1.4. For welded equipment, stabilized or low carbon grades shall be used, and unless otherwise approved by TLM, all welded items shall be either solution annealed at 1050C (1920F) or stress relieved at 900/950C
(1650/1740 OF).

10.1.5. Because of the significantly greater risk of crevice corrosion in

sour/chloride service, the use of socket welded fittings, screwed couplings or any other weld detail, which could result in a crevice on the
process side, is not permitted.

10.1.6. Fusion-bonded overlays of Stellite or Colmonoy may be applied to

stabilized or low carbon grades of austenitic stainless steels, provided
that the component is subsequently heated rapidly to 900/950 C
(1650/1740 OF), held for 1 hour per 25 mm (1 in) of

thickness and cooled

in still air.

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11. SOUR SERVICE WITH CAUSTIC OR OTHER ALKALINE PROCESS FLUIDS

11.1. General Requirements for Carbon Steel Equipment

11.1.1. Carbon steel is generally an acceptable material for handling certain caustic soda and other alkaline solutions. However, it has limitations in that stress corrosion cracking can occur unless the equipment is stress relieved, also unacceptable general corrosion can take place at higher

temperatures.
11.1.2. The stress relief details, including upper temperature limits as proposed

by the Vendor for carbon steel vessels and pipework in caustic soda
and other alkaline service, shall require prior TLM approval. Stress relief shall be applied to the whole vessel, and to welds, cold bends, etc. in
the case of pipework.

11.1.3. The Designer shall make due allowance for general corrosion.

11.1.4. Material selection for caustic soda or other alkaline solutions shall be
subject to approval by TLM.

11.1.5. Material selection for other equipment, e.g. pumps, shall be subject to approval by TLM.
11.2. Sour Streams Containing Potassium Carbonate

11.2.1. Some sweetening plants employ a potassium carbonate solution

(normally between 20 and 30% concentration), which can cause stress

corrosion cracking of welded carbon steel components. All welds in

contact with such fluids, whether in vessels or pipework, shall be stress relieved. A hardness limit of 200 HV10 (HRc20) alone is not acceptable.
11.3. Sour Streams Containing Amines

11.3.1. To avoid, stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel welds exposed to various amine solutions used in hydrogen sulphide sweetening plants, stress relieving of all welds is required of the design temperatures are
above the following values:

. .

MEA

DEA, ADIP & MDEA

65C (149F) 90C (194F)

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ES1.A408 ADDENDUM 11

Talisman Energy
Sour Service Piping Specifications 1
The following specifications must be met for ALL Talisman Sour Service piping
applications. It is I MPERATIVE that the TalismanlColt representative ordering material
is aware of these specifications and should ask for Sour Service in writing where applicable. It is equally imperative that the CE Franklin or Vendor representative receiving the order ensure that they confirm with the TalismanlColt representative

ordering the material if it is required for Sour Service. This should be confirmed with EVERY order to ensure accuracy and that the material supplied meets specification. The following specifications apply to pipe (SMLS & ERW), butt weld fittings and flanges. In the case of pipe and fittings requested to a CSA specification the CSA requirements
will prevaiL.

SPECIFICATIONS
. All material must meet NACE MR-01-75 Latest edition

. Material maximum hardness shall not exceed 200 BHN (=Rc 13). Weld Procedures

shall specify hardness that does not exceed 200 BHN (=Rc 13). Welder to be
qualified to weld procedures.
. All material must have a Carbon Equivalent (CE) of less than .44. Following formula

should be used to calculate CE for each heat number

(CE) Carbon Equivalent = C + Mn + Cr + Mo + V + Ni + CU

If the MTR being used does not report all required elements for above formula, the following formula should be used.

6 5 15
6

(CE) Carbon Equivalent = C + Mn + 0.05

D Sulphur content shall not exceed the levels as specified in the particular ASTM or
CSA material specification

. Fasteners (studs, nuts) must meet NACE MR-01-75 Latest edition requirements.

1. Addendum to Talisman Energy Inc.'s specification ES1.A408, Materials for Sour Service and Colt Piping Material specification GS903.02. For use on
Talisman Energy Inc. projects.

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