International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Research (IJEEER) ISSN 2250-155X Vol.

3, Issue 1, Mar 2013, 169-174 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

EMBEDDED FOUR SWITCH THREE PHASE INVERTER FED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE
RAJU YANAMSHETTI1 & SANDEEPKUMAR KULKARNI2
1 2

E & CE Dept., PDACE, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India

E & E Dept., PDACE, M.Tech, Power Electronics, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT
The objective of the paper is to develop a microcontroller controlled four switch three phase inverter (FSTPI) to drive three phase induction motor with minimum hardware. This inverter uses four switches instead of conventional six switches, it has lesser switching losses, lower electromagnetic interference (EMI), less complexity of control algorithms, robust control and reduced circuit complexity. Controller DSPIC2010 is used to generate the switching pulses for FSTPI to drive 1 hp three phase induction motor.

KEYWORDS: Four Switch Three Phase Inverter (FSTPI), Pulse Width Modulation, Peripheral Interface Controller
(PIC), Induction Motor, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

INTRODUCTION
Induction motor drives are work horse of industries these drives being highly robust, easy to design, compact, maintenance free and generally have good efficiency. AC induction motors, which contain a cage, are very popular in variable-speed drives [1]. Such drives involve inverters which generally consist of conventional six switch three phase inverter. The cost of these inverters is significant ally large for larger rating induction motor. Reduction in cost is due to reduction in the number of power switches, dc power supplies, switching driver circuit losses are the main features of this topology. It results in the possibility of the four-switch configuration instead of the six switches [5]. Now a days lot of research efforts have been directed towards development of power converters with reduced losses and cost for driving induction motor. Among them the Four Switch Three Phase Inverter was introduced with four IGBT switches instead of standard six switches [2]. Increasing use of microcontroller in power electronics it is possible to control the pulse signals to control the speed of induction motor. The DSPIC30F2010 microcontroller provides gate drive pulses to FSTPI to produce variable frequency and variable applied voltage [5].

Figure 1: FSTPI Fed IM Drive

170

Raju Yanamshetti & Sandeepkumar Kulkarni

Figure 1 shows four switch three phase inverter topology, where two switches are reduced compared to the conventional six switch, three phase inverter topology used for speed control of the induction motor in ac motor drive, third phase of the inverter output is driven from the center tap of the capacitor.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Starter
3- Rectifier

FSTP Inverter
IM

Step Down Transformer

Driver Circuit

Power Supply

Dspic30F2010

Figure 2: Block Diagram of Inverter & Driver Circuit Figure 2: shows that standard AC supply is converted to a DC voltage by a three phase diode bridge rectifier. A voltage source FSTPI is used to convert the DC voltage to a Variable AC voltage. The output of FSTPI is fed to the threephase induction motor. PC is loaded with software, it consist of several modules used for different engineering applications. The values of each block are adjusted according to the need of drive system. The generated codes are loaded to the processor. The processor generates required pulse according to the users setting blocks in PC. The sensor output is fed to the processor through the ADC. The generated error signal is fed to the PI controller in the processor. Based on the output of PI controller, the processor generated the required controlled pulses for FSTPI to control the speed of the induction motor.

OPERATION OF FSTPI
With respect to the circuit of the FSTPI fed IM drive is shown in Fig. 1 the circuit consists of S1 , S2 , S3 and S4 four IGBT switches and split capacitors C1 and C2 . The 3-phase AC supply is fed to rectifier to obtain DC voltage, this DC voltage is provided with a capacitor filter. The FSTPI outputs are a,b,c. Two phases a and b are connected to the two legs of the inverter, while the third phase c is connected to the center point of the dc-link capacitors, C1 and C2 .The four power switches are denoted by the binary variables S1 to S4, where the binary 1 corresponds to an ON state and the binary 0 corresponds to an OFF state. The states of the upper switches (S1 , S2) and lower switches (S3 , S4) of a leg are complementary that is S3 =1 S1 and S4 =1 S2 . The terminal voltages Vas Vbs and Vcs of a 3-phase Y-connected Induction Motor can be expressed as the function of the states of the upper switches as follows: Since, there is no control on the third phase, the middle point of the DC link (point C) is taken as the reference, so:

where Vas, Vbs, Vcs are the inverter output voltages, Vc is the voltage across the dc link capacitors, Vdc is the voltage across the capacitors C1 and C2 (Vc =V dc / 2 ). In matrix form the above equations can be written as:

Embedded Four Switch Three Phase Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive

171

Switching States and Output Phase Voltages Table 1 Switching States S1 S2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 Output States Vas -Vc/3 -Vc Vc Vc/3 Vbs -Vc/3 Vc -Vc Vc/3 Vcs 2Vc/3 0 0 -2Vc/3

HARDWARE DESIGN
The details of the components used in this experiment are shown in the Table 2 Table 2 Components Microcontroller Induction motor IGBTs Rectifier Opto isolator Ratings DSPIC30F2010 1-hp, 3-Ph, 50Hz, 415V, 1500rpm, 2.2A FGA2NB120 1200V, 25A IN5408, 6A TCP250

1 2 3 4 5

The microcontroller based control system hardware has been programmed to vary the frequency of the PWM signal that controls the frequency of the FSTPI. The PWM module gets two inputs duty cycle and frequency. The frequency is configurable within the range of 45Hz to 55Hz and duty cycle can be varied from 0-100%. The PWM signals if the MCU are applied to the gates of IGBT through the gate driver circuit. The gate driver provides isolation, low impedance and high current supply to the drive the IGBT. By controlling the input voltage to the analog ADC the output frequency of the Microcontroller can be controlled. Tabular Column Table 3: No Load Condition Output Frequency 49Hz S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vdc 180 220 260 280 300 320 Idc 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Vrms 106 122 140 155 165 182 Irms 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Speed(rpm) 1400 1400 1410 1420 1440 1450

Table 4: No Load Condition Output Frequency 51Hz S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vdc 180 220 260 280 300 320 Idc 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Vrms 105 118 144 155 165 195 Irms 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 Speed(rpm) 1500 1500 1440 1430 1410 1400

172

Raju Yanamshetti & Sandeepkumar Kulkarni

Table 5: With Load 1 Kg Output Frequency 51Hz S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vdc 180 220 260 280 300 320 Idc 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 Vrms 108 122 140 157 165 170 Irms 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 Speed(rpm) 1450 1440 1420 1410 1400 1400

Table 6: With Load 1 Kg Output Frequency 49Hz S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vdc 180 220 260 280 300 320 Idc 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Vrms 106 122 140 155 165 182 Irms 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 Speed(rpm) 1400 1350 1340 1300 1300 1280

Table 7: With Load 2Kg Output Frequency 49Hz S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vdc 180 220 260 280 300 320 Idc 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1..0 Vrms 104 120 143 154 165 185 Irms 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 Speed(rpm) 1300 1250 1250 1230 1210 1200

Table 8: With Load 2Kg Output Frequency 51Hz S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Complete Hardware Setup Vdc 180 220 260 280 300 320 Idc 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 Vrms 108 128 140 156 165 170 Irms 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 Speed(rpm) 1350 1340 1330 1310 1300 1300

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The FSTPI drive was tested with 1 hp, 3-Ph induction motor at 45 Hz to 55 Hz frequency under No load as well as with some load. Some of the results are shown in the tabular columns.

Embedded Four Switch Three Phase Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive

173

PWM Waveforms Observed at 50.0 Hz Output Frequency

CONCLUSIONS
A Microcontroller based PWM controlled FSTPI fed induction motor has been tested under various load conditions. It is found that the motor operates at higher speed when operated at higher frequency for same input voltage. It is observed that the current increases with increase in load. The same experimentations were carried out on simulation using MATLAB SIMULINK software. The hardware implementation results were confirmed through software simulations.

REFERENCES
1. Blaabjerg, D.O. Neacsu, J.K. Pedersen: Adaptive SVM to Compensate DC-link Voltage Ripple for Four-switch Three-phase Voltage-source Inverters, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 14, No.4, July 1999. 2. C.T. Lin, C.W. Hung, C.W. Liu: Position Sensorless Control for Four-switch Three-phase Brushless DC Motor Drives, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 23, No. 1, Jan. 2008. 3. M.B.R. Correa, C.B. Jacobina, E.R.C. Silva, A.M.N. Lima: A General PWM Strategy for Four-switch Threephase Inverters, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 21, No. 6, Nov. 2006. 4. M.N. Uddin, T.S. Radwan, M.A. Rahman: Fuzzy-logic-controller-based Cost-effective Four-switch 3-phase Inverter-fed IPM Synchronous Motor Drive System, IEEE Transaction on Industry Application, Vol. 42, No.1, Jan/Feb. 2006. 5. Nalin kant Mohanty, Ranganath Muthu Microncontroller Based PWM controlled Four Switch Three Phase Inverter Fed Induction motor. Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering m Vol7, No2, Nov 2010.