Engineering 6003 - Ship Structures II

Lab #2 LSDyna: Impact Analysis

By C. Daley

Overview
For a general introduction of LSDyna see Lab #1. Unlike most finite element programs LSDyna can easily model unrestrained bodies, such as a sphere flying at and striking a plate. In this lab we will model that situation.

Learning Objectives
The lab builds on the LSDyna features learned in Lab#1. In this lab we will model unrestrained motion (rigid body motion). We will model the plate as steel, but the sphere as a special body called a "rigid body". We will not apply a force to either of the two bodies. Instead we will apply an initial velocity to the rigid sphere. We will specify a contact model which will allow us to model the contact that will occur between the sphere and the plate. Without a contact model the sphere would just fly through the plate. The plate will be modeled as elasto-plastic and will dent when struck by the sphere. The sphere cannot dent. A few shortcuts for displaying and hiding model features will also be shown. LSDYNA Model #2 Ball Impacting Plate Step 1: describe and sketch the problem: In this second example we will model a rigid sphere impacting a steel plate. The problem is sketched below.

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The problem description is as follows: Geometry- Plate: 0.30 x .30 m (elasto-plastic) , Sphere: 0.05m radius (rigid), Load: is the result of contact at impact Supports: the plate edge is fixed, sphere is moving. Material: Steel, with E = 200e9 Pa (2e11 N/m2), y = 3e8 Pa, Et= 1e9 Pa Units: N, m, Pa, s Step 2: estimate expected results (analytically): How can this be done ? Step 3: open LS-PrePost 1) First, Open LS-PrePost which should be on the desktop, with Icon Step 4: Directly create the FE model (nodes and element mesh) 1) Click the element and mesh button: meshing. 2) Click the shape mesher button: a mesh. . which opens up a new set of icons for . which opens a dialog window to directly create
or

In the Entity box at the top, select: 4N_Shell and fill in the 4 corner coordinates, the number of divisions (elements) in x and y, and the Target Name, so it looks like this:

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When you click on and

, a trial mesh is created. If it looks ok, press

. At this point you should have a window that looks like:

1) To create the sphere, click the shape mesher button: . which opens a dialog window to directly create a mesh. Select Sphere_Solid, make the Radius 0.05, the Density 6, the z position 0.06 and the Target Name Ball, as shown below. press Create, Accept and Done.

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The window should look like:

Note: LSDyna has automatically created 2 parts, and has colored part 1 red and part 2 blue. Each part has nodes and elements but does not yet have the other properties they need. Step 5: Define the material properties 1) Click the model and part button: which will bring up a new set of icons.

2) Click the keyword manager button: which opens a dialog window to directly create keywords (Note: LS-Dyna files are called .k files because they are essentially a list of keyword commands). At this point the model option is selected, and there are 3 categories of keyword already there (element, node and part). Note that there are 1768 elements, along with the 1940 nodes and 2 parts. Select the option and the window will display all the possible keywords:

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1) Click on the + to the left of MAT to open the material options:

2) Select and then click on near the top of the window. A Keyword Input Form will open to allow input of the properties for this material model: 3) click on NewID and fill in the form so that it look like this;

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then press and then press . This material model describes elastoplastic behavior in steel. This is similar to the bilinear-kinematic material property that can be specified in ANSYS. 4) Now Select and then click on near the top of the window. A Keyword Input Form will open to allow input of the properties for this material model: 5) click on NewID and fill in the form so that it look like this;

then press and then press materials, though it has the density of steel. Step 6: Define the section properties

. This material model is used for rigid

1) In LSDyna the section properties contain information about the element parameters and the type of physics employed. In the Keyword Manager window, scroll down until you see the Section keyword. Click on the + and then select SHELL

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2) Click on near the top of the window. A Keyword Input Form will open to allow input of the properties for this section model. Click on NewID and fill in the form as follows:

The form shows that the plate elements will have a thickness of 0.0030 m (3mm), that there are 5 integration points through the thickness (NIP=5) and the shear factor is 0.833. then press and then press . After pressing Accept, you will see in the right hand space of the form. (Don't worry if the SECID number is different). 3) Now we need a SOLID section for the elements in the sphere. Under the SECTION Keyword, scroll down and select SOLID

4) Click on near the top of the window. A Keyword Input Form will open to allow input of the properties for this section model. click on NewID and fill in the form as follows:

The form only needs a TITLE. There is no other data to enter. then press and then press .

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Step 7: Apply the material and section properties to the model (to the 'Part') 1) In the Keyword Manager window, select the Part Keyword, press + and select Part: Then press . A Keyword Input Form will open. There are 2 parts defined, but the section and material information are not yet linked to the parts (there are

zeros under SECID and MID);

2) Note that the 2 parts are listed in the upper right area of the form:

This means that you are editing the Plate. Press the black dot to the right of SECID, and you see the following window open;

Select and press Done. When you do the SECID is updated. Click on the black dot to the right of MID and select and press Done. then press in the Keyword Input Form ( Don't press apply the properties to the solid elements of the sphere. 3) Select the Ball part listed in the upper right area of the form: This means that you are editing the Ball. Press the black dot to the right of SECID, and you see the following window open; Select and Press Done. When you do the SECID is updated. Click on the black dot to the right of MID and select and press Done. Now press and now press material and section properties. . We now have a finite element model with ) . We now have to

Note - You have to the new information for each part prior to moving on to the next part, else the info will be lost.

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Step 8: Apply boundary conditions (fix the edges of the plate) Rather than using the Keyword Manager window, we will use a special tool to create the boundary conditions (an app called Entity Creation) : The Model and Part button already selected: Click on the Create Entity button. This will bring us an Entity Creation form.

Select the + Boundary and then select Spc : Now change to Create mode by selecting Make sure the Set option selected and all 6 degrees of freedom selected:

Now you need to select the nodes at the left end of the model. A Sel. Nodes dialog box should be open: with Pick selected:

As a quick way to select all the edges of the plate, change the view to Edge Line Mode by pressing at the bottom of the main LSDyna window. This will change the view so that you only see the edges. Now in the Sel. Nodes dialog box press the button. Now all boundary nodes are selected and the screen should look like;
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Now in the Entity Creation form you can hit

: You should see that a new

node set has been created: Now hit to close the Entity Creation form. You should change the view back to Shaded Element Mode by hitting . Step 9: Apply a velocity to the ball. This activity can also be done with Create Entity open, select Velocity under Initial Make sure the create option Enter -20 in the Vz box. Now you need to select all the nodes in the ball. The Sel.Nodes window is open. Select the ByPart option: is selected. feature. With the Create Entity form

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and click on the sphere in the main window. All the nodes in the sphere will be highlighted:

Now hit

in the Entity Creation window and you will see a long list of nodes.

Now Click Hint : you can turn the viewing of velocity vectors and boundary conditions on or off by selecting in the Entity Creation window and All or None in the Entity Selection window.

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Step 10: Specify the Contact model. We will use the simplest form of contact modeling. In the Keyword Manager, select Contact and then select the AUTOMATIC_SINGLE _SURFACE option. Hit form. Just select NewID and fill in the Title with "Contact Model" Now press and now press . and see the

Step 11: Specify the duration of the simulation. Return to the Keyword Manager and select Scroll down to find and then click

Put 0.01 in the ENDTIM box : hit and

Step 12: Specify output frequency. LSDyna will solve the problem with a very short timestep. There would likely be far too much output if you were to look at all the data for every solution timestep. Instead you can specify the frequency of the output. Return to the Keyword Manager and select the DATABASE and BINARY_D3PLOT Keywords. and then click Specify an output timestep for the pot data of 0.0001 seconds (0.10ms) hit and to close it In the Keyword Manager window hit Step 13: Save the .k file Under the File menu select the Save Keyword As command and save the file as Plate_Ball1.k in its own folder (to keep the output files all in one place) Note - you will have to type Plate_Ball1.k , as LSPrePost will not automatically add the .k extension.

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Step 14: Run the LS-Dyna Analysis

1) Click on the LS-Dyna Manager Program

, which opens the window.:

In the top menu, select Solver and select Start LS-Dyna Analysis. Next you see the input screen. Use the Browse button to select the Plate_Ball1.k file. By default the same folder as the .k file is in will be the folder where the output is sent.

When the .k file is selected, press the RUN button. A winow will pop up showing the computation steps. When finished is should say Normal termination :

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Step 15: Examine results of the LS-Dyna Analysis 1) Re-Open LS-PrePost. 2) From the File Menu, Select Open and LS-Dyna Binary Plot. 3) In the same folder as the .k file should be a file called d3plot - open it. Now you should see the screen as shown below.

You can hit the Play button to annimate the bar over the .001 second of analysis.

To see more data, hit the Post button select Plastic Strain and

, then hit the Fringe Component

, and the plot will become:

Now you will see the animated stresses. You can select Static under the Fringe Range button to keep a constant range of stress during the animation.

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Self Study Exercises:

Student:______________

For each of these exercises, be prepared to show the instructor your results if asked. Exercise #1 Change the material model . Open the d3plot file, then re-open the .k file. Animate the results until there is a dent in the plate, and stop the animation. Save a version of the .k file in a new folder (call the file Impact2.k ). Now close all and re-open the Impact2.k file in LS-PrePost. What is different?

In LSDyna run the new Impact2.k file and then review the results in LSPrePost. What has happened?

Ex#1 Initials of Instructor_________ Exercise #2 Redo the analysis starting with the ball as elasto-plastic (ie not rigid). What is different?

Ex#2 Initials of Instructor_________

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