Rachel Buchanan Instructor Jessica Sanchez National History Day 4 March 2013 Bibliography Schafer, Elizabeth D.

"Invention of the Piano." Great Events from History: The Eighteenth Century. Ed. John Powell. 2 vols. Salem Press, 2006. Salem History Web. 16 Feb. 2013. Annotation: Bartolomeo Cristofori invented the piano in 1709, working off of the previous inventions of the harpsichord and other common instruments during the time period. The piano was a combination of the harpsichord and string instruments to let the notes resound in the air with the ease of playing a harpsichord. This is a secondary source because I found the Salem article online. Coroleu, Alejandro. "Bartolomeo Cristofori." Great Lives from History: Inventors & Inventions. Ed. Robert F. Gorman. 4 vols. Salem Press, 2008. Salem History Web. 16 Feb. 2013. Annotation: Bartolomeo Cristofori was born on May 4, 1655. He invented the piano in Florence, Italy, and based his invention off of years of studying the harpsichord. This is a secondary source because it is a biography of Cristofori. Eckley, Wilton. "Ludwig van Beethoven." Great Lives from History: The Nineteenth Century. Ed. John Powell. 4 vols. Salem Press, 2007. Salem History Web. 26 Feb. 2013. Annotation: Ludwig van Beethoven is among the most well-known pianists of all time. He wrote many classical pieces, including Mass in B Minor. This is a secondary source because it is a biography of Beethoven.

Hambly, Gavin R. G. "Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov." Great Lives from History: The Nineteenth Century. Ed. John Powell. 4 vols. Salem Press, 2007. Salem History Web. 26 Feb. 2013. Annotation: Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov was a less-known pianist that developed around the same time as Bach and Beethoven. Each of these pianists developed around the same time that the piano was invented. This is a secondary source because it is a biography of Rimsky-Korsakov. Inman, Charles S. "Bach Pioneers Modern Music." Great Events from History: The Eighteenth Century. Ed. John Powell. 2 vols. Salem Press, 2006. Salem History Web. 09 Feb. 2013. Annotation: Johann S. Bach influenced much of modern music, influencing classical music as a whole. He is foundational in the development of music after the musical period of baroque and transitioned into classical music. This is a secondary source because it explains the influence Bach has on modern music. Burnside, William H. "Johann Sebastian Bach." Great Lives from History: The Eighteenth Century. Ed. John Powell. 2 vols. Salem Press, 2006. Salem History Web. 09 Feb. 2013. Annotation: Johann Sebastian Bach developed his musical interest near the time the piano was invented (during the 18th century). His interest and compositions was heavily influenced by the invention of the piano. This is a secondary source because it is a biography of Bach. Duncan, David Allen. "Vladimir Horowitz." Great Lives from History: The Twentieth Century. Ed. Robert F. Gorman. 10 vols. Salem Press, 2008. Salem History Web. 29 Jan. 2013. Annotation: Vladimir Horowitz was a less-known pianist that was influenced by the composers Bach and Beethoven. They were influenced by the invention of the piano to

compose their masterpieces. This is a secondary source because it is a biography of Vladimir Horowitz. Beethoven, Ludwig van. Moonlight Sonata. Crownstar, 2006. MP3. Annotation: Moonlight Sonata is a representation of one of many of Beethovens compositions. This is a primary source because it is a musical composition from this time period. Beethoven, Ludwig van. Ode to Joy. Crownstar, 2006. MP3. Annotation: Ode to Joy is a representation of many of Beethovens compositions. This is primary source because it is a musical composition from this time period. Bach, Johann Sebastian. Mass in B Minor. 50 Classical Pieces, 2005. MP3. Annotation: Mass in B Minor is a representation of many of Bachs compositions. This is a primary source because it is a musical composition from this time period.