Any substance that is made from a mixture of natural oils and fats with an alkali is considered as soap.

Soap is a surface-active agent generally used for washing. Washing, because soap is basically ineffective without water. The use of soap (or any natural soap-cleaning agents) has always been associated with mans inherent instinct to keep his body, his clothes, and various other washable belongings clean. Soap making started in the 18th century by boiling a crude mixture of animal fat, lye from wood ash, and salt until it became sticky and hard. Later, manufacturers added certain chemicals and permissible additives to improve the quality of soap; some as builders, other as whitening agents. Color (water soluble dyes) and fragrance are also added to make the product, especially toilet soap, more appealing to consumers Today, soap products are prepared in various types, shapes and sizes. Even the ordinary laundry soap is produced now in the form of bars, cakes, flakes, liquids, gels or pastes. If you are interested in manufacturing soap products from detergent laundry soap to herbal soap, you should study the technology appropriate to each type. It is also essential that you acquaint yourself with the basic requirements to be met in soap making. For example, an ordinary soap should be made from alkali and fats and oils (fatty acids), a moderate amount of matter insoluble in alcohol, and permissible additives. The finished product should neither bear any objectionable odor nor leave objectionable odor on fabrics and dishes after washing them and rinsing thoroughly with hot water. The soap should form suds or lather in a clean moderate hard water (less than 180m ppm CaCO3) when tested. There are also a prescribed standard size for bar soaps, i.e., basic size of 120 grams, with multiples in a single bar or four units in a single bar of 480 grams. In addition to the requirements prescribed in existing laws and regulations, the packing material of soap should be marked with the following information:

brand name of the product quantity of individual bars contained net mass (marked net mass is the average net mass of individual bars at time of packing) name and address of the manufacturer country of origin, e.g., Made in the Philippines.

This guide will introduce you to the basic procedures in making various kinds of soap. Qualities of a Good Soap A good soap s biodegradable when it does not contain chemicals that cannot be reverted to their natural elements. Neither does it contain chemicals that are harmful to the environment or cause undue destruction to the environment. 1. A good soap dissolves easily and remove stains from clothes, human skin or any material being cleaned. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. It dissolves in water and produces enough suds. It gives a clear and sparkling kind of cleanliness. It gives a pleasant smell. A good soap does not leave sticky traces on the clothes or on the skin. It has a color that is even and does not streak. It disinfects or kills germs. It does not damage the fibers of textiles.

Basic Ingredient of Soap Fat or oil and alkali taken from lye are the basic ingredients of soap. Fat serves as the foundation of the soap and alkali produces the chemical reaction that makes the mixture hard and gives it cleansing ability. Fat taken from plants like coconut, palm and cottonseed are called soft oils. Animal fat from pigs and cows are called hard fats. Hard fats do not produce many suds, but this type of fat solidifies and hardens easily. The soft and hard oils can be mixed to make the soap produce more suds and solidify with the right hardness. Additives can also be mixed with the soap ingredients. Some of these additives are coco diethanol amide (CDEA), sodium carbonate, naptha, kerosene and rosin. Fragrances or essential oils fro lemon, patchouli, lemon grass, citronella and rose are also usually added. Some Important Chemical Ingredients (Additives) and their Uses It is important to familiarized ourselves with the common chemical ingredients used and their uses. These ingredients give the desired quality and feature of the soap. Also, the quantity of these ingredients in making soap, dictates the cost of soap produced. 1. 2. Coco Diethanol Amide (CDEA) foam or sud booster Sodium silicate hardening and leavening agent; prevents separation or deterioration of ingredients in liquid products

3.

Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) cleansing agent; for thickening effect and a cheaper but effective foamer

4. 5.

Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) a chemical that gives cleansing power Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) sequestering agent that makes the ingredients float; used as foaming stabilizer; also used to reduce hardness in water

6. 7. 8.

Caustic potash (also known as potassium hydroxide) allows bar soap to harden Tergitol binder used for powdered detergent Sodium phosphate provides the abrasive strength; removes hard water minerals and this increase the effectiveness of detergents; prevents dirt from settling back into clothes during washing

9.

Sodium chloride or table salt thickening agent; provides viscosity to the soap

10. Methyl and propyl paraben anti-microbial preservatives 11. Triethanol amine (TEA) emulsifier uesd in facial cleanser 12. Caustic soda (also called sodium hydroxide) neutralizes or adjust the acidity of other ingredients 13. Benzalkonium chloride disinfectant against bacteria, fungi and yeasts 14. Carboxyl methy cellulose (CMC) antiredeposition agent that prevents dirt from settling back into clothes during washing 15. Sodium sulfate provides proper flow or solubility to soap; cleans without leaving residue 16. Glycerine serves as moisturizer in facial cleaner CAUTION Commercial lye, potash lye and soda lye even dampened wood ashes are EXTREMELY caustic and can cause burns if splashed on the skin. They could cause blindness if spattered in the eye. Use caution when adding lye to cold water, when stirring lye water and when pouring the liquid soap into moulds. If it is spilled on the skin, wash off immediately with cold water. Wash off any lye or green (uncured) soap spilled on furniture or counter tops. Though some of the old recipes didnt say so, always add lye to COLD water, never to hot water, because the chemical action heats the cold water to the boiling point. It also produces harsh fumes which are harmful if breathed deeply. Stand back and avert the head while the lye is dissolving. The use of a draft vent is recommended. Because of these dangers, it is best to keep small children from the room while soap is being made. Basic Equipments Needed

A container A large iron soap kettle or a common wash boiler is great for making soap in large quantities over an open fire. For indoor soap-making in smaller quantities, pots that are granite or porcelain- covered are the best to use because of the corrosive character of some of the recipes ingredients. Dispose of soapmaking wastes carefully outdoors, not in the drain. Never put lye or fresh soap in aluminum pans. A Ladle If an iron kettle is used a long-handled wooden ladle is needed to stir the soap. For indoor soapmaking a wooden spoon will do. Once again dont use aluminum. A Grater or Grinder A kitchen grater or a meat grinder is need to make soap flakes for laundry use or to grind soap for some of the later recipes. Molds Flat wooden boxes or wooden tubs to mold the soap while it cooled and hardened. Laid pieces of cloth Over the wood to keep the soap from sticking. You can buy fancy molds in hobby shops, but for home use, discarded plastic bottles work just as well and are much cheaper. A Plate Some recipes call for a plate on which to cool a few drops of the liquid from time to lime to test for doneness. A glass plate is preferred because it cooled the liquid faster. Basic Steps in Soap Making 1. Sufficient mixing is important in soap making. Although mixing can be done by hand, the use of an electric stainless steel mixing tank makes work faster and gives better results. 2. The basic soap ingredients (fat or oil and alkali) undergo the process of saponification. Here, the elements of the fat or oil called esters, separate and become fatty acids. Fatty acids, in turn, get mixed with the sodium elements of the alkali and this solidifies the soap. 3. The soap now undergoes the cold process (the simplest technology applied in soap making). During the cold process, fat and water are mixed thoroughly to prevent the formation of sediments. 4. 5. 6. 7. The soap is left to cool and harden. This is called the cooling and solidifying stage. The bar soap is sliced and dried to remove moisture. The sliced soap is left to age, a process which removes the effects of caustic soda. Finally, the soap is packed for marketing and selling.

Part 1 Introduction, Qualities of Soap, Basic Ingredients and Steps Part 2 Making Natural Laundry Bar Soap and Powdered Detergent Part 3 Making All-Purpose Liquid Cleaner and Dishwashing Paste Part 4 Making Herbal Bath Soap and Aloe Vera Shampoo Part 5 Making Liquid Detergent and Liquid Laundry Soap Part 6 Making Facial Cleanser

For more info, contact: DOST Central Office DOST Bldg. Gen. Santos Ave., Bicutan, Taguig Telephone: (632) 837-20-71 to 82 Fax: (632) 837-8937 Web: dost.gov.ph For training and seminars: G/F TLRC Building 103 J. Abad Santos St. Little Baguio, San Juan, M.M. Tel: 727-6205 loc. 202 & 203 Web: www.tlrc.gov.ph source: www.tlrc.gov.ph, photo from millersoap.com

Wealth Creation From Paint And Mentholated Balm Production

| Print | E-mail Written by Paul Omorogbe Saturday, 31 July 2010
A practical demonstration on paint making. Photos: Yemi Funso-Oke

THE Mission Vocation Training Centre, consisting of professionals from various fields, is a missionary body established in 2000 with the aim of empowering people with the requisite commercial skills that will make for a life of wealth and self-sufficiency.

With this aim, the centre has organised a series of training workshops in different parts of the country to train on how to establish small-scale industries engaged in the

production of items like detergent, washing-up liquid, petroleum jelly, candles and confectionery, among several others, recording more than 100,000 trainees so far. In June, the Missions Vocation Training Centre commenced its training workshops in the South West, covering cities like Ibadan, Akure and Lagos after an extensive coverage of some northern cities including Abuja, Kaduna, Kano, Niger and Nasarawa. The General Coordinator of the centre, Reverend Stephen D. Praise, believes that anybody can break out of poverty, just like he did, provided that they have the right skills and ample knowledge on how to sell, which he shares later on, in this report. Last Saturday, SaturdayTribune visited the venue of the centres workshop taking place at St. Annes Secondary School premises, Molete, Ibadan, Oyo State, where hundreds of participants were in attendance. One of several skill acquisition trainings on offer was one on paint making. The process of paint production The paint industry remains a lucrative one in a country like Nigeria, where houses are constantly being built all around the country. According to the syllabus the centre provides, the materials needed for paint production are: water acticide, calgon, silicate, titanium dioxide, calcium, genepor, defoamer, PVA, formalin, nitrosol, ammonium solution and coloured paste; each of these ingredients is mixed according to a prescribed industrial formula. The process of turning these constituents into regular emulsion paint takes place in a few simple steps. It begins with pouring about 40 litres of water into a mixing tank. Some water should be set aside for diluting the other chemicals. Measure the calgon into a separate bowl, add water and stir to dissolve. Then pour it into the mixing tank as mixing begins. Add water to the silicate, stir and pour into the mixing tank. This same procedure is carried out for titanium oxide and calcium, and both are added into the mixing tank. Add the genepor, formalin, ammonia solution and diluted PVA and defoamer. Pour the nitrosol into the remaining water; stir vigorously and pour it into the mixing tank. Allow the mixture to get well blended and the paint is ready. Different colours are formed by different choices of colour paste.

Making mentholated balm Another training the centre has on offer deals with the production of mentholated balm. This product is quite lucrative to produce and sell, seeing that a large proportion of the nations population are aged people, among whom body pains are a frequent malaise, for which this product can provide quick relief. The chemical ingredients needed here include: petroleum jelly, paraffin wax, menthol crystal or peppermint oil, methyl salicylate, turpentine oil, eucalyptus, tincture of capsicum and camphor. The equipment needed are a boiler, a heating system, packaging containers and a weighing scale. Place the boiler on the heating system and pour in the petroleum jelly and allow it to melt. Then, add the menthol crystal, allowing it to melt also. Add the following ingredients in this order into the boiler: methyl salicylate, turpentine oil, eucalyptus oil and the tincture of capsicum. Stir and add paraffin wax. Finally, add the camphor, rectified stirring properly and empty the entire mixture into the containers. Allow to cool and the product is ready. How to market products succesfully The ability to break into the market is one of the most important aspects of wealth creation. No matter how good a produce is, it cannot be sold, that product becomes a failure, said Reverend Praise. It is not always who knows it best, or who has the best product, but who can sell best. With this in mind, it is pertinent for one properly understand how to market the products one has learnt how to produce. Therefore, the general coordinator of the centre gave some key points on how to succesfully market such products: 1. Readiness to pay attention to marketing: Give the product the best acceptable quality. But it would be a grave mistake to give 90 per cent of the capital to the product and 10 per cent to marketing. It should be 50-50, or in some cases, 40 per cent to the product, and 60 per cent to marketing. 2. Product/Market Research: Reports from questionnaire are not always reliable, as people tend to respond based on their moods when one meets them. Instead, employ the use of undercover agents. Send them into the target group and they will bring you useful results. In doing this, you must establish three things: What is the target group? How relevant is the product? What is the strength and weakness of the competitors?

3. How to get the customers response: Proper study of what will prompt the response of your target group or how they get excited is important. What elicits response would differ from one locality to another. 4. Branding: This has a lot to do with giving the product an image, style and packaging. Packaging is not all about giving a book, for example, the best cover or designing of good package for items. It also has to do with the marketers dressing and style. If adverts are done, but the products and outlets are left without style, one would only attract customers who would be disappointed. Having gathered all this information, one should be quite prepared to execute a successful production enterprise. As Mrs. Oketade who learnt baking and soap making at the centre said, With knowledge about production coupled with information on how to sell these products, I find it very enlightening and educative. Oyediran Abiola, another participant, said that he found that he had indeed learnt to produce good quality products, after he had sampled the views of his first few customers.

MO NEY M AK I NG O PPO RTU NI TI ES FO R NI G ERI ANS

A WELL SEARCHED OUT COMPILATION OF DIVERSE AND PRACTICABLE BUSINESS IDEAS SPECIALLY FOR NIGERIANS BUT ADAPTABLE BY ANY OTHER PERSON

Friday, 16 October 2009

124 BUSINESS YOU CAN DO
LITTLE OR NO CAPITAL SERVICE ORIENTED BUSINESSES 1. Compound Cleaning Service a. Employ labourers on work-and-be-paid basis b. Look for big estates/bushy compound and introduce yourself c. Charge moderately but profitably d. Be modern in your approach, a presentable business card will do the job.

2. Project Research & Writing a. Students, writers and lecturers are in need of information gathering, organization and presentation. b. Some students are very lazy, you can help them out. c. You dont need to be Mr. Know All. All you need is to be able to secure experts services d. You charge according to how complex the research/project is 3. Home Baby Sitting a. This is different from formal day-care b. Here you charge per hour c. You dont need a school-like environment d. It is possible to take 7 or 8 Children at once. 4. Employment Agency a. Secure an office space, which could be your room b. Let the sign post be attractive c. Advertise for various kinds of posts and let the candidates submit CV d. Contact corporate bodies and inform them of availability of skilled and unskilled labour e. Arrange interviews for your clients f. Enter simple agreements for 20% of first salary 5. Estate Agency a. Canvas for rent-able shops, houses, lands and office spaces b. Advertise c. Let seekers collect form d. Settle your percentage with the house owners 6. Security services a. Recruit ex-servicemen and able body men interested in guardjob b. Advertise

c. Simply link up clients with personnel on your waiting list d. 10% of their income is yours for some months, depending on the agreement. 7. Printing Service a. You can advertise yourself as an international printing press without single printing equipment. b. Know all what it takes to print good jobs c. Canvas first for simple jobs like letterhead, simple handbills etc. d. You need an office, a business card and good salesman characteristics. e. Grow up gradually and smile to the bank 8. Rug Washing 9. Script writing a. If you are good in story narration or scripting then your gold is ready b. Nigeria is the world highest producer of home video and the producers need stories c. Secure good contact and sell your stories d. If you can script directly you are sure to secure more money. 10. Painting a. This require little or no skill b. Any sensible, smart and teachable person can learn the basis in 2 hours c. Hunt for the painting jobs d. Re contract the job experienced painters while you make the involvement for your short-term staff compulsory e. Do good job and let it be done promptly f. Remember you dont need capital 11. Newspaper/Magazine Sales a. Most newspapers are looking for sales outlets b. Unsold copies are not your problem they are to be returned to the newspaper houses.

c. Secure the necessary technicalities from experienced agents. 12. Fish Farming a. Acquire the required knowledge (secure Rev. Adetunji manual on catfish farming) b. Construct the ponds c. Aim high d. Go for cheap & regular feeding e. If you rear 1000 fingerling to maturity, you are on your way to your first million. f. Research your market well and refuse to be cheated 13. Tutoring Services a. High School students are never in short supply b. In starting a tutoring service, the major challenge is the space c. Start small d. Impart real knowledge and be concerned about your students success e. Employ the services of good teachers on part-time basis. 14. Horticulture a. Most people love flowers & beauty b. Secure a good roadside and display naturally cultivated flowers in nylon bags c. Depending on the location, you cant be sort of customers d. Let your client be aware of your skill & willingness to help the plant and nurture the flowers e. Your prices depend on the aesthetic value of each flower. 15. Home Tutors a. Most parents desire excellence in their wards b. Contact students from comfortable homes and send leaflets to their parents. c. Employ teachers and pay per hour d. Make use of telephone facilities to the maximum e. Give your best to secure the best of rewards

f. Be extra-concerned about performance and the word will soon go round 16. Refuse Management 17. Sand Supply for Builders a. You dont need a vehicle b. You dont need to trouble yourself c. Contact a truck owner, the up-loader have stable fees, the driver has his own share and your share will be sizable especially if you secure multiple supplies. 18. Internal Decoration SKILL REQUIRING, SERVICE ORIENTED BUSINESS 19. Block Making & Sales a. This need a little capital and a good space b. Remember blocks are not perishable items c. Let it be of good quality d. Approach people/builders and offer good competitive prices 20. Commercial Photography a. Secure a good camera b. Cover events and print within hours. Its best when the photographs are released before the event closes. c. People do not need to solicit for pictures before you take them d. An average person loves himself and will smile and buy a good personal photograph he never solicited for. e. Men in high places could have their portrait laminated and presented to them, while you tell them to pay a token. Their token may be much more than what you would have charged. 21. Computer Training a. Youll need few computers, not necessarily the upgraded ones

b. Contact corporated bodies and arrange easy-to-be-paid for training programme c. Advertise for interested candidates in the open market d. Secure experts and impact t he skill to the students e. Personally its better you know computer but its not a prerequisite f. Present certificates to successful participants 22. Watch Repair a. This is highly profitable b. Secure a good bus-stop location c. Dont attempt jobs you couldnt do d. Watch your integrity e. Employ people to do it for you 23. Standardized Electronic Repair 24. Publishing House for Authors a. Advertise yourself b. Be sincerely willing to help produce zealous and starting authors c. Acquire printing skills soonest d. Know how to work with the gradual inflow of funds e. Let the books youve published be your testimonies OTHERS 1. Information Sales The world is experiencing an information explosion. Info-maniacs are springing up everywhere thirsty of How to who need to be satisfied. Benefits of selling information: Unlimited Market Easy to research Easy to create Cheap to produce

 Not limited by location A permanent record for future generations Use your connection to secure the market Expand and make money Essential Skills needed as an info preneur (information seller) a. Research & creation expertise How to research, discover, acquire and organize ideas. What do you know that others dont or do you know somebody who knows something that people dont know; all you need to do is to organize the information and present them. b. Packaging expertise c. Marketing expertise how to sell distribute, and promote yourself and our product. Various ways to sell information a. Author b. Desktop publisher-self publishing for yourself or others c. Seminar promoters: selling information seminars d. Computer programmer selling information via discs and CDs e. Personal consulting: selling personalized one/one information f. Audio Cassette Marketer g. Magazine Publishers Core needs of human populace a. Money b. Relationship c. Health d. Beauty e. Greed f. Self-esteem

2. Hall Hire Services v If you are income conscious, you should build a hall before your house. v Halls are relatively easy to build because there will be no rooms v Dont rent out permanently v Advertise and give it out for receptions/meeting on hourly basis. 3. Pop-Corn Production & Sales Kids are never in short of consuming popcorn. Profit depends on packaging skills. Easy to source, easy to distribute, cheap to package: 4. Abattoir (slaughter House Development) v You dont have to start with a whole cow v You can visit close be Abattoir and purchase parts v Advertisement is by word of month usually v Sell in Kilograms v You may employ butchers 5. Sheep/Goat Production This could be a residual source of income No much expertise needed, only a vet nary doctor consultation may be needed One staff could satisfactorily care for 100 animals Profits margin very high 6. Raising Rabbits This projects can be started 1 large back-yard You can secure the know-how from experts or the library 7. Mushroom growing This can be conducted in a shed or basement. A thorough knowledge of the subject is essential. Sales can be made through a mini window signpost. 8. Pigery

 A good investment Space is very necessary Expertise highly essential Profit margin very high 9. Exercise Book Production Basic knowledge of printing needed Transferred knowledge is available in the open market Being a non-perishable product its easy to sell There is no shortage of student, therefore the market is unlimited Be quality focused It could also be with customized designs for each school 10. Establishing a day care center 11. Sealed Water Production Research into production & marketing high essential Profit margin high NAFDAC registration is compulsory Capital intensive 12. Paper Envelope Production Easy to market because of the perishable nature Easy to produce Raw Materials Papers Not less than 70g Look for the cheapest source Buy in the reels if affordable Glue Equipments & Tools a. Envelope Mound b. Cutting machine

c. Folding & gluing machine A brief visit to production factory will help starters. 13. Football Viewing Centers If you are income conscious, you should build a hall before your house. This is seasonal but profitable Secure a good location Install DSTV/other dish, if DSTV, it must be the premium. Pay monthly when a major football competition is going on. When there is a break, call the DSTV head office and stop your service. Be organized and strict. When no match is going on you could have a game(Playstation) center by the side 14. Publishing Books for Nursery & Primary Schools Secure prototypes that schools are already using Create your own without copying others 15. Bookshop for Educational Materials 16. Christian Bookstores 17. Stationeries Shop Here materials for office use are the major stock 18. Poultry Breeding If you have the inclination and the space this is good and profitable, if well managed. Youll need to research into current production, feeding and nurturing techniques. 19. Video Coverage Most people desire their events to be covered Dont put a sign-post and just sit down expecting to be contacted

 Hunt after events. Contact churches and individuals Give something extra Give a perfect labeling & packaging Be on the look out for wedding and naming ceremonies You dont need to own video camera you can rent one 20. Advertising Agency Secure a good office Let the people know what you are into Radio, T.V and print media houses are all in need of local intermediaries. Your commission is usually official and satisfactory You could include out-doors advertising and contract sign post writing If you update yourself regularly, you could consult for businesses on appropriate advertisement methods. 21. Video CD/DVD Rentals A lot of people are increasing becoming Home video crazy therefore widening the market. Register your outlet with the local association and the censors board Allow customers to rent video even before they registered formally Follow Up fast in case of delay in submission. Use phone nos. 22. Nursery and Primary Schools. 23. Desktop Publishing and other computer related works 24. Block Manufacturing Good space is very important Capital intensive but highly profitable 25. Establishing Barbing saloon 26. Hairdressing/Weaving saloon

27. Executive target saving Quite close to daily money collection Commission depends on who much client saves High level of integrity required Do not misuse other people money Make use of banking facilities Exercise self restraint 28. Saw milling Getting involved in sawmill biz is at different level. Going into the bush, buy trees from farmers and selling to saw millers Saving the wood in the bush into logs and selling in cubic Specializing in saving/cutting the wood down. You can buy saws and give specialists Canvassing for plank orders in the cities and buying from saw-mills to supply as required Wood retailing buying from saw-mills and displaying at appropriate locations for societal consumption. 29. Charcoal Production 30. Charcoal Retailing 31. Building Material Sales & Supply 32. Refuse/Waste Management 33. General Boutique Biz Service 34. Specialized Boutique wrist watches only 35. Specialized Boutique Hats only

36. Specialized Boutique cosmetics only 37. Specialized Boutique Clothes, Shoes and Bags only 38. Specialized Boutique Jewelries 39. Candle making With the scarcity of kerosene, demand for candles is in the rise Been a non-perishable item, the market is not restricted It is never outdated Raw Materials a. Paraffin Wax b. Stearic acid c. Liquid paraffin d. Colourant (if necessary) Procedure a. Put 1 stab of wax into a pot b. Add 1 litre of stearic acid c. Add 1 litree of liquid paraffin d. Add 1 table spoonful of colourant e. Place the pot on the stove f. Heat until the mixture melts g. Poor the melted stuff into the moulds (withthread) h. Allow to solidify i. Remove the candle from the mould j. Package for sale 40. Establishment of Medical Laboratory This is capital intensive but highly profitable Expert advice compulsory Specialist need to be employed e.g. Microbiologist, Lab. Scientist and others.

 Linkage with established hospitals and clinics is necessary 41. Seminar/Workshop Facilitators For civil servants Management oriented For workers about to retire 42. Maternity Homes 43. Establishment of Hospitals 44. Interior Decoration 45. Catering Services 46. Cassava Farming 47. Telephone Services 48. Business Center Lamination Spiral Binding Photocopying Computer works 49. Soap Production and Sales 50. Construction of Speakers for sales and rentage 51. Manufacturing of Cement Poles for sale & supply 52. Restaurant Services

53. Toilet Roll Production Capital intensive venture requires expert input, visit to a toiler roll production company and a well planned distribution network. 54. Fashion Designing 55. Sales of Saw-mill Equipment & Parts 56. Tile & Dye 57. Architectural Designs 58. Kerosene Sales 59. Pharmaceutical Shops Employing a pharmacist is compulsory Requires good management skill 60. Digging Boreholes and Selling Water in kegs 61. Raw Food Sales 62. Bolts & Nuts Sales only 63. Paper File Production 64. Copywrited Book Publishing and Sales 65. Hair Cream Production & Sales Easy to package Easy to produce No much monitoring, since its not to be taken Money spinning

Raw Materials a. Petroleum Jelly b. Liquid Paraffin c. Parrafin Wax d. Lanoline e. Colourant f. Perfume Procedure (Rf Household items production manual) 66. Generator Rentals 67. Snail Rearing Low input but huge income Locally available feed Easy to handle Not time consuming or attention demanding Ready Market available 68. Sales of Diverse Plastic Materials Containers, Plates etc. 69. Managing Block of Flats o Collecting rents for house owner o Monitoring house repairs o House maintenance The house owners are glad to pay 5% of their rent and give part of the house as free office space. 70. Handbill Distribution/Poster Pasting Setting up a field distribution network will gladden the heart of a lot of organization in big cities. 71. Land Transport Services

 Motorcycles Taxis, inter-city etc. 72. Bread Baking Bread is a consumers product acceptable to children & adults. Being a staple food, the marketing cannot be doubted. (Refer to Bread making manual). 73. Sales of Business Services Accessories e.g. spiral binding materials, laminating materials, photographic films, 80g papers etc. 74. Paint Production, Packaging & Sales 75. Sales of Computer Software/Hardware and Accessories 76. Vegetable Gardening 77. Children Supermarket: Sales of Toys and diverse children materials 78. Specialized Sales of Wedding Materials 79. Audio Tapes Dubbing Business 80. Architectural Designs: You dont need to be an architect all you need to know is who to contact 81. Making of rings for wells 82. Stock Broking Services 83. Assembly of Computers 84. Sales of Chemical and reagent

85. Making sale of steel tanks, water tanks, petrol & kerosene tank 86. Sales of Electrical Products 87. General Artworks making of banners, stickers, stamps, engraving plaques. Artistes could be indirectly employed. 88. General Rental Services Chairs, Tables, Cooking Utensils etc. 89. GSM Engineering and Sales of Handsets v This require training and brief apprenticeship v It is profitable 90. Nylon Making Different sized nylon could be cut and sealed The market is unlimited The profit margin is not high but if the rate of turnover is high the income will be commendable. 91. Plantain Chips/Chin-chin production and supply 92. Adult Educational Class Highly relevant in this society Profitable because most clients are desperate You could have formal class or use hoe tutor styles You need experienced tutors who are mature for the job 93. Juice Production and Sales Pineapples juice, orange juice, mango juice etc are still as marketable as ever. 94. File Manufacturing for diverse use and supply 95. Advanced Cobbler (shoe making and mending) services.

96. Vulcanizing network Involves employing vulcanizers, having ore than 2 engines and becoming a major center of tyre repair. 97. Buying of Cocoa/Palm kernel from farmers and packaging for sales to processing companies/exporters 98. Grinding Industry Garri processing, Electrical or non electrical grinder 99. Processed Beans for Product Akara supermarket Moin-moin Center Ground beans packaged. 100. Making Of vests For School Pupils This could be with special customized designs for each schools depending on the agreement with the school.

Laundry Business Will Give You Cash

You dont have to be the one washing the cloth.You are the Managing Director.What you are starting is a company.Even if you are not registered yet,(who give damn ) give yourself a good name...eg Clean Concepts, Cool and Clean Inc, Standard Enterprises,etc

You dont need a washing machine for a start Only few people care about how you wash the cloth. The real thing is are you doing the job well

Secure a collection center and put a sign post in place Employ unskilled, laborers and let them be involved in the washing and the ironing

Be excellence focused and satisfy your customer Be orderly, issue receipts and avoid mix up as much as possible House to house canvassing is never out of place Approach bankers, target them as much as you can. They dont have the time, yet they have the money. Once you are doing well, mouth to mouth advertisement will do the job

Target other corporate setting in your environment Deliver promptly and let the washed clothes be well packaged in Nylons, hangers, etc

Let your canvassers be corporately attired, with standard ID card hanging round their neck,that people may even take them for bankers!

Avoid mistaken delivery like a plague.it will kill your business very fast!

Do not be cheap.

You Can Organise Computer Training Programmes

Youll need few computers, not necessarily the upgraded ones. Thank God, the prices of computer desktop is coming down fast.,with N10,500, you will be a proud owner of PentiumII at least.

Depending on your capital outlay, get as many PC as you can contain and afford.

A beloved brother in the Lord, ventured into this particular endeavour few years back and he started with borrowed systems which actually included one of my desktops. In 8 months, he bought 2 cars :The first one he bought was ceased by Nigerian Customs along Ife/Ibadan Express Road. I encouraged him not to give up, he faced life again and bought a stronger car! Today he is happily married, living in UK

Educate yourself as much as you can. But never be discouraged by your lack of skill. You can always make use of other people skill(OPS).You dont have to be a doctor to own an hospital, you dont have to be a computer guru to start a computer school.

Contact corporate bodies and arrange a training programme for the staff, while you discuss a point of payment deduction of salary with the management

Advertise for interested candidates in the open market Organize free computer training programmeyou will get your money back through compulsory materials money and certificate fees (this you will not disclose in your advertisement)

Approach private secondary schools, satellite higher institution, student unions, teachers association, churches etc with the free computer training programme gimmick.

Secure experts and impact t he skill to the students Present certificates to successful participants

Recharge Voucher Printing

Lets conclude about the recharge voucher business.The profit margin is not high but the turn over rate is alarming!!.If you are tired of roaming about, this is an opportunity for you. The procedure is not too complicated. You however need some things 1.An e mail account 2.A personal PC will be an advantage 3.A desktop printer. A small portable printer will be excellent. 4.Recharge voucher printing software 5.A step by step manual on how to get going 6.Guidelines on how to make money from the biz without stress

101 Businesses You Can Do...(1)

Its time you stopped looking for jobs.You can create jobs for yourself and others! Follow me if you are determined to make something out of your life. 1. RECHARGE VOUCHER PRINTING BUSINESS: Do know, that before now, printing and selling of GSM vouchers has been a business wholly and exclusively reserved for people who easily can invest millions of Naira into it. To a large extent however, technology has made it so convenient and affordable for petty distributors to also have a stake in the Telecommunication market.

Recent market survey

statistics show that recharge cards and vouchers are

the fastest selling products in the country accounting for over 5million customers patronage per day, preceeded only by the sachet water business (popularly known as pure water). How profitable would it be for someone to embrace a business like this?

How to Make Liquid Detergent

Liquid detergents are used to clean our kitchen utensils and our dinning utensils like fork,dishes, spoon, knives, pots and pans. Pinoy entrepreneurs who wish to make their own liquid detergents can use the instructions below. The materials and chemicals needed to start making your own liquid detergents can be bought to chemical stores. For the main ingredients you need to buy the following chemicals listed on the first column. The measurement used is for one kilo liquid detergent on the second column but you can use the percentage calculation if you wish to make more than one kilo on the third column. Utensils: teaspoon beaker graduated cylinder stainless steel container and electric mixer stirrer mixing bowl or small pail flask weighing scale Ingredients: Qty (grams) SLES (Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate) CDEA ( COCO DIETHANOL) Sodium Triphosphate(STPP) Table Salt or Sodium Chloride Lemon Fragrance 80-130 50 30 5-10 5-8 ( % )Percent To Total Weight 8-13 5 3 0.5-1 0.5-0.8

Water Total

772-830 1000 grams

77.2-83 100%

How to Make Liquid Detergent: 1. Using a graduated cylinder on a weighing scale, measure 80-130g SLES. Measure also 772-830g water. 2. Transfer the SLES to a beaker and add a little water. Stir the SLES very well. 3. Add 50g CDEA to the SLES. Mix well with a stirrer. 4. Continue stirring the mixture until it becomes creamy. Add water once in a while to prevent the mixture from foaming while stirring. 5. Meanwhile, dissolve 30g of STPP in a little amount of water. Mix well and set aside. 6. If the CDEA-SLES mixture is already creamy, transfer it to a small pail or a stainless steel container. Add a little amount of water while stirring continuously. 7. Transfer the mixture to the mixer then switch on. When the mixture is already foamy, add the dissolved STPP slowly while mixing continuously. 8. Dissolve the salt in a little amount of water. Add this ti the mixture, which is being mixed continuously. 9. Next, add 5-8ml lemon drops as fragrance. 10. Continue mixing until the mixture thickens. Set aside. 11. Once thickened, pour the mixture into a clean container and set aside for about 2 hours. 12. When there are no more suds, pour the liquid detergent into clean bottles. 13. The liquid detergent can be used after 24 hours.

How To Make Laundry Bar Soap

Making laundry bar soap can be a good business idea. You can also make laundry soap for house hold use so you will not have to buy it in the market. Below is the procedure on making the laundry soap made from coconut oil which is the main ingredient. Other materials needed can be bought from chemical stores or from ultima entrepinoy. Materials/Ingredients (for 28 bars)

Coco oil 8 kg Caustic soda solution, 36oBe [30% solution] 5 kg Soda ash 90 g Salt 48 g Sodium silicate 400 g CDEA [coco diethanolamide] 40 mL Citronella oil 20 mL Water 6 L

Equipment/Tools

Plastic pail 16 L cap. [2]; 20 L cap. [1] Hydrometer, 0-70oBe Weighing scale 10 kg Wooden stirrer/manual or electric mixer Moulder Cutter Spatula, stainless Basin (large) Graduated cylinder

Preparation of Materials

Caustic soda solution, 36oBe (30% solution) Dissolve 2 kg caustic soda in 4.6 liters water. Cool to room temperature, check the concentration with the hydrometer, adjust (if necessary) and filter if needed before using.

Additives Dissolve salt, soda ash and sodium silicate in 1.4 L of water. Procedure on making the Laundry Bar Soap

1. Measure or weigh carefully the required quantity of coco oil. 2. Weigh the lye or caustic soda solution required (5 kg) and add slowly to the oil, stirring continuously for about 30-45 minutes until it attains the condensed milklike consistency. 3. Add the measured amounts of dissolved additives and CDEA (foam booster) with continuous stirring from 5-10 minutes more. Then add the essential oil with stirring. Stop stirring when the mixture attains a viscosity similar to condensed milk. 4. Pour the homogenous viscous soap mixture into the moulder, allow to set at room temperature for 12 hours or until soap solidifies. 5. Cut the soap into bars of suitable sizes with a string or wire attached to the wooden/metal cutter. Twenty-eight (28) bars will be produced. The soap is white or creamy white. Cut bar into 4 pieces and pack in a plastic bag. 6. Allow to age from 7 to 10 days to complete the saponification reaction

How To Make Herbal Soap

With the popularity of herbal soap now a days, at least you know that you will have a chance to succeed in this business because first of all it is consumable, second, many people are now becoming beauty conscious as well as health conscious. There are dozens or if not hundreds of types of herbal soap in the market like for example the papaya soap, kalamansi soap, mangosteen soap, lemon grass and other herbal soap that I already forgot to mention.Since the procedure I got for making the herbal soap is very flexible, I mean you can make virtually any kind of herbal soap you can imagine, with a little creativity and ingenuity, you can make a unique or specialized herbal soap. You need to research the your local library or the internet and find medicinal plants and its curative properties and incorporate it into the herbal soap by making herbal extracts which you will use on making the herbal soap. For example, you can create something like a mosquito repellent herbal soap which can last for many hours. So again, without much ado, let me introduce to you the procedure on making the herbal soap. Materials/Ingredients you will need:

Refined coconut oil 4.5 kg Caustic soda 3.25 kg EDTA 70 g Citric acid 70 g CDEA 50 g Light mineral oil 70 g Sodium chloride 5 g Scent Herbal extract Color [optional] Equipment/Tools Plastic pail Hydrometer 0 70oBaume Weighing scale Cutter Wooden stirrer/manual or electric mixer Moulder Stamper Preparation of Materials 1. Caustic soda, 32oBe Dissolve 1 kg of caustic soda in 2.8 kg water. Cool to room temperature. Check the concentration with a hydrometer. Adjust (if necessary) and filter if needed before using. 2. Additives Dissolve EDTA, citric acid and NaCl in 100 mL water. For color, make a 1% solution of color in oil. 3. Preparation of herbal extract Osterize or blend 200 grams of material in 200 mL water. Strain thru cheesecloth. 4. Preparation o the soap

Weigh carefully the required quantity of coco oil. To make a colored soap, add about 10 mL of the 1% color in oil solution or the amount to suit the desired intensity of color. Add the required amount of caustic soda with stirring until the condensed milklike consistency is attained. This usually takes 45 minutes to 1 hour. Add the dissolved additives and continue stirring for 5 minutes more. Add the light mineral oil, CDEA, herbal extract and scent. Stir for another 5 minutes. Pour the soap mixture into the moulder. Let it stand at room temperature for 12 hours or until soap solidifies.

Remove soap from the moulder and cut into desired size. Stamp and pack. Allow to age for about 7 days to complete the saponification.

How to Make Toilet Soap or Bath Soap

Making bath soap as a home business can also be profitable. The procedure I got has two versions, the opaque and the transparent. See procedure below: A. PREPARATION OF TOILET SOAP/BATH SOAP (OPAQUE) Materials/Ingredients (for 14 bars, 135 g/bar) Refined coconut oil 4.5 kg Caustic soda solution (32oBe) 3.25 kg EDTA (Ethylene diaminetetracetate) 70 g Citric acid 70 g Sodium chloride 4.5 g CDEA (Coco diethanolamide) 50 g Light mineral oil 70 g Scent to suit Color (optional) Equipment/Tools Pails 16 L cap. (2); 20 L cap. (1) Basin (large) Hydrometer 0 70oBaume Weighing scales 10 kg cap.; 500 g cap. Mold and cutter Wooden stirrer/manual or electric mixer Spatula, stainless Preparation of Materials 1. Caustic soda solution, 32oBe Dissolve 0.855 kg of caustic soda (NaOH) in 2.4 kg water. Cool to room temperature. Check the concentration with the hydrometer. Adjust if necessary and filter if needed before using. 2. Additives Dissolve EDTA, citric acid and salt in 100 mL water. For color, make a 1% solution. Add color in oil.

Preparation of the Soap 1. Weigh carefully the required quantity of coco oil. To make a colored soap, add about 10 mL of the 1% color in oil solution or the amount to suit the desired intensity of color. 2. Add the required amount of caustic soda with stirring until the condensed milk-like consistency is attained. This usually takes 45 minutes to 1 hour. 3. Add the dissolved additives and continue stirring for 5 minutes more. 4. Add the light mineral oil, CDEA and scent. Stir for another 5 minutes. 5. Pour the soap mixture into the moulder. Let it stand at room temperature for 12 hours or until soap solidifies. 6. Remove soap from the moulder and cut into desired size. 7. Stamp and pack. Allow to age for about 7 days to complete the saponification. B. BATH SOAP (TRANSPARENT) Materials Coconut oil 100 gms Stearic acid 100 gms Castor oil 80 gms Caustic soda solution (38oBe) 160 gms Glycerol 85 gms Alcohol 100 gms Sugar 80 gms Water 80 gms CDEA 25 gms Perfume (Optional) Preparation of 38oBe Caustic Soda Dissolve 1 kg caustic soda in 2 liters of waters. Cool to room temperature. Measure the concentration with a hydrometer. Adjust (if necessary) and filter if needed before using. Procedure 1. Weigh all the ingredients 2. Melt separately the stearic acid and coconut oil at 80oC. 3. Add castor oil first before adding lye into the charge oil 4. Mix caustic soda with alcohol; add slowly to fat charge with stirring. Temperature should not exceed 75oC. 5. In a separate container, dissolve sugar in water at 80oC (remove any froth) 6. Add to the soap mass, the glycerol, the water-sugar solution, and the CDEA stirring constantly. 7. Cover and allow to stand until temperature reaches 60oC, add perfume and color (if needed). 8. Transfer to mould or frame.

NOTE: Rapid cooling is essential for soap transparency.

HERE ARE THE SECRET PRODUCTION FORMULAS SOME PEOPLE WILL NOT WANT YOU TO SEE.... Here are some production formulas that you have been thirsty for.I am giving them out for you free... no string attached.All I need is thank you! HOW TO MAKE TOOTHPASTE The Raw Materials: 1. Sodium Laurylsulphate...detergent 2. Glycerin ...humectant 3. Saccharin ...sweetening agent 4. Sodium mono-florophosphate...flouride 5. Calcium carbonate 6. Flavour 7. Water Procedure 1. Put 4L of water in a bowl 2. Add 0.5L of Glycerin 3. Mix thoroughly 4. Add 2spoonfuls of Sodium Laurylsulphate 5. Add 1L of Calcium carbonate 6. Add 1/6 teaspoonful of Saccharin 7. Add 1 teaspoonful of flavour 8. Mix thoroughly 9. Your tootpaste is ready,fill your container and seal 10. Package for sale and smile to the bank! HOW TO MAKE SHOE POLISH Raw Materials 1. Paraffin Wax 2.Dye Stuff...the oil soluble type 3.Paraffin Oil 4. A Pot

5. A stove The Procedure 1. Place your pot on the stove 2. Put 1Slab of Parraffin Wax 3. Add 1L of Paraffin Oil 4. Allow the mixture to melt together 5.Add 5 spoonfuls of the required Dye...depending on the colour 6.Mix 7. Pour into prepared container 8.Allow to cool and solidify 9. Package for sale SCHOOL CHALK PRODUCTION Chalk and black boards are still used from nursery school to the university level, particularly in this side of the world, where modern teaching aids are not easy to come by. As long as people still send their children to school, production of chalk will continue to be a good business. PRODUCTION REQUIREMENT The complete set of machine for the production of chalk which could be electric or manual consists of a mixer, an oven or dryer, chalk mould and gauge. Other items needed are the container for packaging the chalk. Granted that it requires some skill, you can master this skill within a week depending on your ability to learn. However, if you do not want to go through the problems of production yourself, you can employ people who know about chalk production and you will then create marketing channels in targeted areas far and near. Chalks come in different colours, though white is mostly in demand. REQUIREMENT Water Gypsum Calcium carbonate PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES ? Measure 10 litres of water into a bowl ? Add gypsum ? Mix ? Add calcium carbonate ? Mix vigorously ? Quickly pour into the mould ? Allow to settle for 10 minutes ? Remove chalk and allow to dry ? Package for sale COST INVESTMENT ? Machinery N25,000 ? Raw materials 15,000

? Packaging 15,000 ? Others 5,000 MARKET/INCOME At present, a pack of about 50 pieces of chalk sells for N200 and if you produce on large scale, the cost of producing 50 packs could be as low as N100 per pack. The implication is that you can make between N80 N100 on every pack and you can sell as many as 50 100 packs to a single school. For a start, it is advisable that you personally supervise the distribution to schools around you and let them know that you are always ready to bring it to their door steps. So there is no need for them to go looking for the good. The good news is that the business can take off from your house. Possibly your boys quarters.

Business You can Start With Little Capital and Make Huge Profit
There are a lot business you can start from home and make huge profit in Nigeria today either working from home, office or any convenient place. Do you know that thousands of business and big companies that exist today actually started from home, office and so on and so forth. You don't have to wait until you have enough capital before you start that business. You can start small and grow your business to the desired level. If you said until you have enough capital before start that business or that idea, you would end-up doing nothing because you may never get enough capital to start big. ALWAYS THINK BIG, BUT START SMALL If you are looking for business to start with little capital, below are the list of some business you can start even from home: 1.Set up a small poultry farm 2. Snail farming 3.Rabit rearing and export 4. Fish farming 5.Grass-cutter Farming 6. Cash crops farming e.g.cassava, Yam etc. 7.Hairdressing and beauticare shop 8. Barbing saloon 9.Fashion design/tailoring 10. Mass making of T-shirts and Face-cap. 11. Laundry/Iron service 12. Dry cleaning service 13. Carpet/ Upholstery cleaning 14. Car wash. 15. Bread production 16. Plantain chip/Chin-chin/ Groundnut production. 17. Restaurant/Canteen 18. Fast food service 19. Outdoor catering service 20. Foodstuff shop 21. Transportation of raw foodstuff from rural area to urban area and other places 22. Making of cakes and Snacks 23. Wine production 24. Fruit Juice production 25. Ice cream production 26. Yoghourt production 27. Bagged water and table water production

28. Candle making 29. Chalk making 30. Selling of Ice Block 31. Business centre- photocopying, typing, printing, 1minute passports etc. 32. Film renting 33. Game centre 34. Cyber cafe service 35. Computer sales and service 36. Phone/handsets sales and service 37. Electronic sales and service 38. Game, picture, MP3,MP4, music, bible etc download 39. Book shop 40. Recharge card printing and selling 41. Publishing, printing of books, calendars, Cards, brochures, newsletter and magazine 42. Sale of electrical appliance and its accessories 43. Even Planner/manager 44. Interior decorating 45. Gardening 46. Rental service 47. M.C/ Public speaker 48. Photography service 49. Computer school/ training centre 50. Tutorals service for primary, secondary schools students, SSCE/GCE/JAMB candidates, ICAN, ATS etc 51. Trading 52. Educational service 53. Day-care service 54. Estates Agency 55. Blocks making for construction 56. Furniture making 57. Nylon making/ recycling 58. Sports shop 59. Leather production/shoes and bags making Cars sales and service 60. Outdoor advertisement 61. Fitness centre 62. Painting service 63. Recruitment service/ agency 64. Consultant service 65. Courier service 66. Security Outfit/service 67. Travel agency 67. Transport service Don't wait any long. Go start something now and you would be with the result you will get!

It is disheartening to see that many Nigerian Youths complain endlessly about the unavailability of jobs, while there are many viable businesses they can start with little investment in capital, either as an individual or as a group. Most importantly, these products are in high demand and will always remain so. On the contrary and sadly enough, they rather invest in all those Make $1000 dollars daily online stuffs sold by the so called Gurus. But do you know why they try to sell those things to you? Because they dont work and they cant make use of it, simple! It is high time we start investing in tangible businesses and stop chasing wild dreams; this is the sure way forward due to the present realities.

These businesses listed hereunder will never fail; they can only get better with time, diligence and patience; they will surely make you self reliant; your destiny will be in your hands. Fellow Nigerians, it is high time we learn how to take responsibility instead of casting it on anything but ourselves; it is high time we take our destinies into our hands instead of allowing ourselves to be subject of the circumstances and changes around us. Even though our educational system has failed to prepare us for the challenges we are going to meet in real life, even though our government has so far failed in their overall responsibilities, but can we afford to fail ourselves and families that have invested heavily on us? God forbid. Hereunder is a list of 41 business that can never fail in Nigeria and will make you rich. 1. Liquid Soap/Detergents 2. Hair Shampoo 3. Petroleum Jelly 4. After Shave 5. Talcum Powder 6. Toilet Soap 7. Nail Polish Remover 8. Hair Cream 9. Disinfectant 10. Bleach 11. Stain Remover 12. Tile Stain Remover 13. Air freshener 14. Mentholated Cream 15. Insecticide 16. Bathing Soap 17. Paint (All types) 18. Hair Relaxer 19. School Chalk 20. Aloe Vera Soap 21. Bee Keeping/Honey production 22. Custard Powder 23. Butter 24. Powdered Detergents 25. Brake Fluid 26. Glue 27. Perfumes 28. Water Treatment 29. Biodiesel 30. Crayon 31. Ice Cream

32. Bread (You can make other varieties like banana and sweet potatoes bread etc) 33. Frozen Potato Chips 34. Cat Fish Farming and the hatching (you can do this at your backyard and with little capital) 35. Digital Photography 36. Dried Split Ginger 37. Tomatoes Paste Production 38. Confectioneries { Wedding cake, spicy Cassava Cake, Spicy Sweet Potatoes Cake, Sweet Potatoes buns, Pancake etc) 39. Candle 40. Fumigation 41. Anti Perspirant Deodorant 42. Insect repellants