cpp (Calorimetry & Thermal ElCpansion) 6th March It

Cpp

, Cal.II'imetrv,& Thermal EXpa'nSion'~

. .. 0;:/':".

';'7,,'1.

;:;:::'X;;--

S,~jFJJ'J~~!
.-.sL I M I'T.E'D'

PART.
Section (A) ,: Calorimetry

I : SUBJECTIVE. QUESTIONS

A 1. ' ,In the following equation calculate the value of H. 1 kg steam at ZOO.C= H + 1 kg water at 100.C (5.- = Constanl = 0.5 Callgm.C) A 2.' A 3. From what heightsh~Uld a piece of ice-(O.C)full so that it melts complelely? Only one-quarter of the energy produced is absorbed by the ice as heat. (Latent heal of ice = 3.4 x l()5J kg-', g.= 10 m/s2) A copper cube of mass 200g slides down on a rough inclined plane of inclination 37. at a constant speed. Assume that any loss in mechanical energy goes into the copper block as thermal energy. Find the increase in the temperalur~ of the block as it slide~ down 60 em. Specific heat capacity of coP,:~:=\20J/kg.K A paddle wheel is connected with a block of mass 10 kg as shown In figure. The wheel is completely immersed in liquid of heat capacity 4000 JIK. The container is adiabatic. For the time interval in which block ~oes down;~t m sloWlycalculate (-

A 4.

(',eo,'
,.'

,if/\ ,,"U/

~,

\ ,::..,.A
"

(a) Work done on the liquid

'.

(b) Heat supplied to the liquid ' ~:,(\", (c) Rise in the temperature of the liquid . ", " \ Neglect the heat capacity of the container and the paddle. (g =10 nillf)

Seetron (B) : Tlierm&lExpa~SI6~

B 1. B 2. B 3.

:"he temp~rature of a m~tal ban!s ~~;Arrange

In ascendIng order. ~ '\ A brass disc-fits in a'holein\a steel plate. Would youh'eal or cool the system 10 loosen the disc from the hOle?A-i''nte lh~t\ci. <0). \', " S [emperatu~ of plate is increaSlld-by Mlhen find new
A ,,,\ \\ ..

> \ '" \ "\ ,';p '_

j~~

.',.,.

the ~reenla9cechange in volume, surface area and radius

\r

~~~:~=~l~:\ V,;L) '_ .

lI}'ediffel-ence houler and inner radius and show ljItt it is positive expansion is 0) "
".

G
.
R

,lcJ'i'\

"{dr i:~=:uO~~I:e:~~~f

W~ hC!.~e\hollow sphere and a solid sphere of equal radii and of the same material. They are heated to , raiseiheir temperature by equal amounts. How winthe change in their volumes, due to volume expansions, be related? Consider two cases (I) hollow sphere is ,filledwith air, (ii) there is vacuum inside the hollow sphere. The figure shows three temperatUre scales wilJ1 freezing and boiling points of water indicaled. the
9O'Y Bolfing Point

Sect/on eC): Temperature

f'

1.

O"Y

Freezing Point'

,(a) Rank the size of'a degree on lhese seales, greatest first. .(b) Rank the.followinglemperatures, highest first: 50.X, 5O"W and 50"Y. C2.

~,

What is the temperature at which we get the same reading on both the centigrade and Fahrenheit scales?

FIIT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa Complex, M.P. Nagar, Zone.I1, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355,4253455

PART. II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS'

Marked Questions are, having more tllan one correct optlo'n.

SectIon (A): CalorImetry

A 1. Asr.lall quanlily, mass m, of water-at a temperaluree (inOC)is poured on loa'iarge mass M of ice which is al its mel~ng point If c is the specific heat capacity of waler and lthe lalent heat of fusion of ice. then the mass of ice melled is given by'; ,

(A) Ml
mc6 A 2."

(8) mce

ML

(C) Mc6 L

(D) mce L

When m gm of waler at 10'C is mixed with m gm of ice at O'C, which of the following slatements are' false? ' ' , (A) The temperature. of Ihe syslem will be given by the equation ' ..',"'.;".",)l!> m x 80 + m x 1 x (T - 0) = m x 1 x (10 - T) (B) Whole of ~cew~1Imelt and temperature w~1I e more than O'C b.utlesser tha,~;10'C Jl b (C) Whole of Ice Will melt and temperature Will be O'C . (0) Whole of ice will not melt and temperature will be O'C . \

tit'''' , ".,J!lf p',., t;

BC, (as shown)

SectIon (8) : Thermal expansion

B 1.

.'

Two large holes are cut in a metal sheetlfthls'is

.... ~

~B~)t ...
\~t:!\, ~
heated, distancesABand

'G,

,' ~~/~' ,

B 2.

;.{(A)i~~'\
~ .. ~ '_"0, '"

A-steel scale is to be prepared'such thaUhe millimeter intervals are to be accurate within 6 x 10" mm. Th~'.maxi';;um temperatute variation from the temperature of calibration during the reading of the millimeter arksJs (a~ 12 x I*C)"Y

ic~~~;;:r~,"\.~ .~~~~;::"~_ Y \
"1# ~

.J~

'

10-<

(B)

h'c

(C) 5.0'C

'

(D) 5.5'C

Ex~Sion duringljeating . (Aj"occurs only in a solid , (C) decreases the density of the material

I
(B) increases the density of tile material (D) occurs at the same rate for all liquids lind solids.

B 4.

If a bimetallic strip Is heated, it will (A) bend towards the metal with lower thennal expansion coefficient. , (B) bend towards the melal with higher thennal expansion coefficient. (C) twisl itself into helix. (D) have no bending,

\IV

"

B 5*.

Two identical beakers with negligible Ihennal expansion are fitted with water 10 the same level at 4'C. If one says A is heated while the other says 8 is cooled. then: (A) water level in A must rise (8) waler level in B must rise (C) water level in A must fall (D) water level in 8 must fall

Section (C) : Temperature

C 1. A difference of temperature of 25' C is equivalentto a difference of :

(A)45' F

(8) 72. F

(C)32F

(D) 25 F

FliT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa Complex, M.I'. Na~ar, Zone-II, Bhopal (M.I'.), I'h.: 4253355,4253455

..----.--------------------------- ..
EXERCISE#2
PART - I: SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1.

A thermally Isolated vessel contain~ 100 9 of water at OOC. hen air above the water is pumped out, some W of the water freezes and some evaporates at OOC itself. Calculate the mass of the ice formed if nO,water is fell in the vessel. latent heat of YaJlC!rizationof water at WC 2.10 x 10" Jlkg and latent heat of fusion of ice 3.36 x 10" Jlkg.

2.

A pitcher oontalns 20 kgof~ter. 0.5 gm of water comes out on the surface of the pitcher every second through the pores and gets evaporated taking energy from the , remaining water. Calculate the approximate time in which temperature of the water decreases by 5"C :Neglect backward heat transfer from the atmosphere to the water. Specific heat capacity of water 42ooJlKgoC. , latent heat of vaporization of water 2.27 : .10" JlKg ','

'0.

.',

A~
~ ..

3.

~'

..

A thermally insulated, closed copper vessel.conlains water at 15OC.When the vessel is shaken vigorously for 15 minutes, the temperature rises to 17.C. The mass of the vessel is 1COgand that"Oftll8'Watefis 200g. ~. . ,.,:,." .. , . .:.4f<: '.... The specific heat capacities of copper and water are 420 Jlkg-K and 4200 JlJ(g-K res~j( Neglect any .k-.""., . =e-, __ ._ ."..-thermal expan~ion. (al How m,uch heat is transferred to the fiqUid-ve~s'!!l ~!em? (b) 'to:v ll1u~.!19rlchas been.done on this system? (c) How much is the increa~n Intemalf~n~~the \yste~~i.:t1'. .' '),
<",.~

The lime represented by the clock hands of a pendulum clock,depends on the number of OSCIllations per" ~"""," ..~. ,.,, . ~.>:<:~. ,'" . formed . by pendulum. Every time it reaches to its extreme position the seconi:l hand.of iIle clock advances by """.~ -, .;., ~-" : "', one second that means second hand moves by two second when one Oscillation is completed. 11.., '-<0:, ,':,. (a) How many number of OSCIllatIOnscompleted by pendulum of c1OCkjrl.15 minutes at calibrated temperature 2O"C (bl How many number of oscillations are completed !1Y. a pendulum of clock in 15 minutes at temperature of 4O"C if"it".2'~ 103"'0' \' (el What time represented by th~pendulumclock ai 4O"C after 15 minutes If the initial time shown by the'CIock is 12'; 00 PITh? ' ", i . 'l!tt. '",~
..
'

.. : .. ...

..;.-...

'''1l,.,,'

.. .,--

,"

:,~.!~.?"

"""~ l ,...'
s
,.

\'" \ \,,!, .. "!/,

v

,~ 5. '

:~~~~~:~i!~~~~5,

~uteSthen.~d.

(il Number of extra osdllations (if) New time

4'

gnsid~r,a cylindriCal containerof~s section area W, Hlngth 'h' having coefliclent of linear expansion /Xcl-,The con'tliner isfined I~uid volume expansion coefficient Tl up to height h" When temperature of the ",system ~increased by.4llthen
."'C'...

~" \-''..~ I
, l'.~~ f-i..'1
.::: t

"

.....

by

&

(a) (b) (el (d) (e)

Find out new height area and volume of cyfindrical container and new vQlume of liquid. . Find the height of liquid level when expansion of container is neglected. Find the relation between TL and 0. forWhich volume of container above the liquid level. (i) increases (ii) decreases (iii) remains constant. , If T,> 3a. and h h, then calculate, the volume of liquid overflow, , If the surface of a cylindrical container is marked with numbers for the measurement of liquid level of liquid filled inside it Assuming correct marking at inilia!' temperature if we increase the temperature of the system by 46 then . (i),' Find height of liquid level as shown by the scale on the vessel. Neglect expansion of liquid (Ii) Find height of liquid level as shown by the scale on the vessel~'Neglect expansion of container. (iii) Find relation between TLand llc so that height of liquid level with respec-l to ground (1) increases (2) decreases (3) remains constant.

,.

FliT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa Complex, M.P. Nagar, ZOlle-lI, Bhopal (M.I'.), Ph.: 4253355,4253455

6.

A metal piece weighing 15g is heated to 100.C and then immersed in a mixture of ice and water at the thermal equilibrium. The volume of the mixture is found to be reduced by 0.1S em" with the temPerature of mixture remaining constant. Find the specific heat of the metal. Given specific graVity of ice " 0.92, latent .heat of fusion of ice = 80 callgm. 20 gm ice at-10.C is mixed with m gm steam at 100 .C.Find the minimum valut' ofm so thalfinal1y all ice. and steam converts into waler. (Use s=O.S callgm.C,s_=1 cal/gm.C.L (melting)=80 callgm and L (vaporization)=540 callgm) A simple seconds pendulum is constructed out of a very thin string of thermal coefficient of linear expansion a" 20 x 1(t4/"C and a heavy particle attached to one end. The free end of the siring Is suspended from the ceiling of an elevator at rest. The pendulum keeps correct time at DOC: hen me temperature rises 10SOOC, W the elevator operator of mass 60kg being a studenl of Physics accelerates the elevator vertically, to have the pendulum correct time. Find the apparent weighl of the operator When the pendulum keeps correct time at SO"C. (Take g = 10 m/s')

'7-

8. .

PART. II : OBJECTIVE QUI;STIONS

Singie choice type
1.

....~

.,

. ~.

2.

A melal ball of specific gravity 4.5 and specific heat 0.1 callgmp"C is placed on a larg~sl~2~.~tlCtl al O.C. Half of the ball sinks in the ice. The inilial temperalure of !he ball i:~ "-(Latenl heal capacity of ice = 80 cal/g, specific ~.r;lIy,ifY\ofce "'.0,9 i ./ ~ (A)100.C' . (B)90.C {~)80.C" {;(Q)JO'~G' . . . ,~ . \ l' 0;... "; A . . A sleel rod.25 cm long has a cross-sectiqnal area of 0,8 cl'l1" Force. requiredtostfetch this rod by.the . 'same amounl as the expansion produCed-by heatingitthro'ligh 10.Cis:~ . . . .-J'(Coefficient of Iinearexpansicln ()f,steelis 10""C and Yourig'sinodulus of steel is 2 x 10'N/rTi'.) .

-41~'1rAlf),

-'''2---=",''''

'~

\.. .. ~.,

.'

(AI N 160

/~~)36~,..t\
,-:

(C) \06)r'~'

(D)

260N.

. 3.

If I is the moment of inertia of a solid.body having a -coefficient of linear explinslon then Ihe change in ~""'.~:''. ~:'~ I corresponding to asniall change in temperature IITis

~,-~,.....-.

..

(~laIll~i.
4.;*
5.

\;ri~lllT' \!Acl2aIllT .
< 3a

(Of3aUT
(D) none of these

.
. .

AJoiq)idWith qoeffiCie!11 ~Ii~~ansion of y is filled in a container of s.material having the coefficient of ." .linearexpansiona .lIthe IiquiCloverflows on heating,then-

,,~Affly
~"W

\,P(Blr

.,

(C1..= 3a

"Two rods having length i, and i.,.made of materials with the linear coefficienl of expansion a, and welde~,together. The equivalent coefficients of linear expansion for the ol>lained rod :~ .
.

0,. were

(,

.,
1

6.

The volume thermal expansion coefficienl of an ideal gas at conslant pressure is

(A)T (6)1"

(D) T2

(Here T = absolute lemperalure of gas) 7.

A metal banimmersed in water weighs w, aIS"C and w. at SO"C.The coefficiento~cubical expansion of metal is less than that of water. Then (AI w, > w, (B) w, < w. (Cl w, = w. (D) dala is insufficient ..'

FIIT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa Complex, M.P. Nagar, Zone-H, Bhopal ~1\1.1'.), Ph.: 4253355, 4253455

More th'an one choice type

8. When two nonreactive samples atdiffe~nttemperatures are mixed In an isolated'containerotnegligible heat capacity the temperature of the mixture can be: .' . . (A) lesser than lower or greater than higher temperature' (8) equal to fower or higher temperature (Cl greater than lower but lesser than higher temperature (D) average of lower and higher temperatures There is a rectangular metal plate in which two cavities in the shape of rectangle and circle are made, as shown with dimensions. P and are the centres of these cavities. On healing the plate, which of the foliowing quantities increase?

9._

+0p

(A) nr2 .,

(8) ab

Column II (A) volume of cylinder inside the liquid remains constant '\:,. .
--

(PlY = 0 (q)y

(B) volume of cylinder outside the liquid remains constant . (C) Height of cylinder outside the liquid remairlS constant .' (0) Height of cylinder irlSide the liquid remain constant

= 2a
d p

(rly= 3a
(s)y

. d = ( 2a + a -p )

In the following question column - I represents some physical quantities & column-ll represents their units, match them (A) (B) (C) (D) Column I . Coefficient of linear expansion Water equivalent heat capacity Specific heat (p) (q) (r) (5) Column II CaIrC gm (OCr' CaUgOC .,

.'
FIIT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa Com pie,. M.P. Nagar. Zone-II, Bhopal (M.I'.), Ph.: 4253355.4253455 5

PART ~ \I : COMPREHENSION
Comprehension #1 A 0.60 kg sample of water and a sample of ice are placed in two compartments , separated by a conducting wall, i,na thermally insulated container. The rate of heat water to the ice though the conducting wall is constant p. until thermal equilibrium temperature T of the liquid water and the ice are given in graph as functions of time the compartments remain homogeneous during whole heat transfer process. Given specific heat of ice = 2100 jlkg-K Given specific heat of water = 4200 J/kg-K Latent heat of fusion of fce = 3.3 x 10s J/kg " A and B that are transfer from the is reached. The l. Temperature of

. . ------------- .... ...IceB', -.water-- -- ----...... '.

------~- .. '
______

20

'

-------f'Z. . ~ .. ,,' conducting

,t

... Insulating wali

-20

3.

Th'~I~~rn":4~J~;~ ,: ~
(A) 42.0 W -"'. (B).~6'~""fi (~( 1.2 kg \. (C)

4.
5.

The initial mnss oHhe ICe In.thecontalner

(A) 0.36 ~ \

Q;.:t \~ ..
. -6. '
7. 8. (A) 16.7 gin (C) 8.4 gm

'~~I!\

IS equal to,

' (D) 3,6 kg

(Cl'2,:i<9,

The mass of the ice'formed'due to conversion from the water till thermal equilibrium is reached, is equal

V (e)O.25"
=

(OlD.""

..

"'',:.: In a CO'iltaine'r-ofnegligible heat ca'pacity, 200 gm illll at O.C and 100 gm steam at 1OO.Care.added to .~. 200 gm of waler.thilt has temperature 55.C. ASsume no heal is lost to the surroundings and the preSsure in the container is constant.1.0 atm. (Latent'heat of fusion of ice = 80 caVgm, Latent heat of . . vaporization of water = 540 caVgm, Specific heat capacity of ice 0.5 caVgm-K, Specific heat capacity of water = 1 caVgm-K) What is the final temperature of the system? (A) 48.C (B) 72.C (C) 94.C (0)100.C

At the final temperature, mass of the total water present in the system, 'is (A) 472.6 gm' (B) 483.3 gm (Cj 493.6 gm (0) 500 gm Amount of the stel;)m left in the system, is equal to (B) 12.0gm (0),0 gm, as there Is no steam left.

PART -III: ASSERTION IREASONING

9. STATEMENT-1 : Gas thermometers are more sensitive than fiquid thermometers. STATEMENT-2 : Coefficient of thermal expansion of gases is more lhan liquid. (A) Stalemenl-1 (B) Statement-1 (C) Statement-1 (0) Statement-1 Is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 Is a correct explanation for Statement-1 Is True, Slalement-2 is True;, Statement-2 Is NOT a correct explanation for Slaterilent-1 is True, Stalement-2ls False, . is False, Slatement-2 is True~

FliT-JEE LId., 48, Gurukripa Complex, M.P. Nagar, Zone-II, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355, 4253455

,,;~',Il:"!t.

,t,/,

<'o!.'

. ,',

,;:/!t.,~ " t. '.",

1-',,'\

.~'

o.

STATEMENT-1 : Water is considered unsuilable for use in thermometers. . STATEMENT -2.: This is due to small specific heat and high thermal conductivitY. (A) stalement-1ls True, statement-2ls True; Statemenl-2ls a correcl explanation for Stalemenl-1 (8) statemenl-1 is True, statemerit~2 is True; SU!tement.21S NOTa correct explanation for statement-1 (C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False (D).Statement-1is False, stalemenl-2 is True ..

11.

STATEMENT.1 : When water Is healed by a bumer in metallic container Its level firsl decreases then increases. . . . STATEMENT -2.: Thermal conductivitY of metalis very large compared to water. . (A)stalemenl-1Is True Slatement.2 is True; stalement-2ls a correct explanation for Stalement-1 (B) Siatement-1 is True, Stalement.2 is True; Statement.21s NOTa correct explanation for St8tement-1 (C) statement.1 is True, Statement-2 is False (0) Slatement-1 is False, Slatement-2 is True.

PART. IV: TRUE I FALSE

12. Slate the following statements are true or false: (I) Latent heat of vaporization is greater then latent heat of fusion. (II) . (U1). (Iv) The temperature of a body may not change. when it Is sUP~ied
~~\ . "

Normal temj)erature of human body is around 310 degree above thecabsOlute zero. Density of ice is lower than,~~water

~~01.. r~ .
'llf.

\Z"'\
\.)V'
.

13.

., /P~RT;;:V:\:~LL Fill In thl!.~'tn!<,: \ I\A \

(I)
,'lli. ~

(r ~ IN TFtfBt!ANKS
o~~nzene ~~ in summer than in winter.

'rD~.

~1V

~vegative fhJ~eig~~ef

tempe~ture is possible on \ fiv:r~r

~J ./'~,
'1l"tr22

it (1I~:;ne

s~m of.le~gths (~alumiflium and steel rod at O"C Is __ so that al all temperatures their di~eren8 irilength is a.25m. (Take coefficient of linear expansion lor aluminium and steel at O"Cas x

W1.z9 an~ 11 x 10'"

OCrespectively.)

...

,(Iv)~\A steellape is correctly calibrated at 20 OCand is uJ to measure the length of a lable at 30 'C. The ~per:enlage error in.the measurement of length is. _ _ [a_= 11 x 10"".C) (v) The variation of temperature of material as heat is given 10 it at conslant rate Is shown in the figure. The malerialls in solid stale at the point O. The stale of the material al the poinl P is
. ,.................. (198&; 2M]

1
T

" Nut ectcteer--+

(Vi) (vii)

300 9 of water at 2S.C is added to 100 g of ice at O.C. The finaltemperalure is ................. C. '..

of the mixture
(1989; 2M] .

A substanc~ of mass M kg requires a power input of P walts to remain in the molten slate at its melting point. When the power source is tumed off, the sample completelY solidifies in time I seconds. The latenl heat of fusion of the substance is
(1983; 1M]

."

urukripa Complex, M.P. Nag"'; Zone-II, Bhopal (M.l'.), I'h.: 4253355, 4253455

_.ExerCise#4_
PART. I : liT..lEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
* Marked Questions are having mo.re than one correct option.
1". A bimetallic strip is formed out of two identical strips, one of copper and the other of brass. The coefficients of linear expansion of the two metals are ac and aB .On healing, the temperature of the strips goes uP by 4Tand the strip bends to form an arc o! radius of curvature R. Then R is: [JEE 1999, 2/200) (A) Proportionallo 4T (B)inversely proportionallo 4T

(C) proportional to laB - ac!.

(D) inversely proportional to laB - acl

2.

A block of Ice at-1 O.C Is slowly heated and converted to steam at 1000C.Which of the folloWing curves . represents the phenomena qualitatiVely: [,JEE-200C( 1135)

. !
(A)

(B)

&

~m_~
3.

r . S (t.. ;7~,' ,\~~'-l7~1UPPed '\

~

:.,A.

..

(C~ \

\.

When a block of iron f1oatsJnmercury.afO.C a fraction kidf its volume is submerged, while at the ,.:0 temperature 50.C, a fraelion'!. iSseeil lobe submerged. If lJJecoefficient of volume expanSlOnof Iron
,_ . " . , .. , ;C=-, .-"\ \-,

is TFei(lha~ .' .M~.?\\':1~F' .. (e;~{OTH~,1ij~\

'"",,/. ~ . k '>(~~;1 . . of m~~7}\ . ~li\ k; ca~ be _expressed as: ' then~~

~"\

V
(Bh\t\lOiHv. (}

f+6OyF.' 1-6OyHv

[JE~::::~scr.), (D) 1+6OyFe '.

1/35,-1) .

An lca'c\lbe of'mass 0,1 kg at O'C is placed In an isolated container which Is at 227'C. The specific "j'lleal S of the con\alnlir varies with temperature T according to the empirical relation S A + BT, where "A" l'OO.cal/kg-Kand B = 2 x 1lt" callkg-K" . If the finalteinperature of the containerls 27.C, Determine ._""""'" 'the mas~ oflhe conlainer. (Lalent heat offusion of water = 8 x 10' callkg, sp. heat of water c 10' cal/kg-I<). . ~;r' :.. . [JEE '2001 (Malns),5/100)

5,

Two rods, one of aluminium and the other made of steel, having initial length l,and l.are connected together to form a single rod of length l,+ t,. The coefficients of linear expansion for aluminium and steel are a. and. a. respectively. If the length of each rod increases by the same amount when their temperature are raised by

re. then find the f!llio

(A) -'. a. .6.

II
(t 1 + l2) .

[JEE.2003 (SCr.).3184,-1J

(B)- .
as

a.

2 kg Ice at- 20 "C Is mixed with 5 kg water at 20 .C . Then final a!Oount of water In the mixture will be : [SpecifiCheat of ice 0.5 caVgm "C, Specific heat of. waler" 1 cal/gm "C, Latent heat of fusion'of Ice " 80 cal/gm I [JEE.2003 (SCr.),3184,-1J (A) 6 kg (B) 7 kg (e) 3.5 kg (0) 5 kg

7. .

A Cube of coefficient of linear expansion a, is floating in a bath containing a1iquid of coefficient of volume expansion TL When the temperature Is raised by 4T, the depth upto which the cube is submerged in the liquid (emains the same. Find the relation between (1, and TL showing all the sleps. , . . [JEE-2004 (Mains), 2160)

t.,

. urukripa Complex, M.P. Nagar, Zone-II, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355. 4253455

- .:::',' ':, ~-,'".,

Ii,

2 liters water at 27"C is heai~d by ~ 1 kIN heai~r open container. On an verage heat is lostlo surroundings at the rate 160 J/s. The time required for the temperature to reach n"C is ., . " {JEE-200S (Scr.l, 3/t!4. ~1J (A) 8 min 20 sec (8) 10 min (e) 7 min (0) 14 min In an insulated vessel, 0.05 kg steam at 373 K ,and 0.45 kg of ice at 253 K are mixed. Find :lIle final temperatureof the mixture (in Kelvin).. {JEE 2006, 61184. 1] Given, L""", = 80 c<aVgm = 336 J/gm, L_ = 540caVgm = 2268 J/gm, S = 2100 J/kg K = 0.5 caVgm K and S. 4200 Jlkg K = 1 caVgmK =
'~

'in an

:.:',1 .,.,

'f

A piece of ice (h~at capacity = 2100 J kg-I .C-I and latent heat =3.36 x 1()5J kg-I) of mass m grams is at -5 .C at atmospheric pressure. II is given420 J of heat so that lIle ice starts 'melting. Final/y'When ice. the water mixture is in equilibrium, it is found that 1 gm of ice has melted. Assuming there is no other heat exchange in the process, the value of m is: ' {JEE 20:10,3/163)

'PA'RT -.": AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEA~~

Heat given t~ a body which raises its temperatureby 1"C is : .,~.. x~.'. '[AI~~ ..E 2002 313. ... ... ... 00] (1)water eqUlvafent (2) thermalcapae~::/ ~~, ""'. (3) specific heal . . (4)temperature9,:adi~.~\',~;:/ ,II mass - energy ~uiv3lence is tak~n into accoul)tr~n water i~C:ied sh~uld:. " ,~~ ." .. ' (1)Increase /' (2)~mainUnchange<ll;i (3)decrease (4)fif's~;~~telllendecrease
1

tqt6~ice, the m~~~""ofwater

[AiEEE 2002,3/300) , .' .!.

A .... ~/

3.

The lengthof a simple pendulumexecutingsimpleharmonicmotion is increased by 21%. The percentage increasein the time Ill;riOd'o.f hlpend~I~T'61 increasefrength is : t (AtEEE2003,WO) (1)11% \iW.,Y.'.(.2)21% ~i;H1 ,\(3)42%J'" (4)10.5%

4.

...

v" ,\,....

-'.

Time taken~y,a 836 W'h~aler iq,heat one iiter of water from 100Cto 400Cis : {A/EEE2004,31300) 3 )15OS (4) 200 s

(')~'".. (2\~i~t\0 ''\ 0/

FliT-JEE Ltd., 48, GlIl'lIkl'ipa ClImplex. M.P. Nagar. ZOlle-II, Bhopal (M . .), Ph.: 4253355, 4253455 P

Answers
Exercise' # 1
PART-I

(c) (d)
(e)

(i) 3h a, > h, Y, (iij 3h a~ <'h, Y,

Section (A): A 1. H = 5510kcal.

A2. 136km

(iiij 3h a. = h, Y, 6.V = All (YL- 30.c)69 (i) h,= h, (1-3 actoe). (iij II, = h, (1 + YLtoe )
(iii)(1JrL> 20., (2JrL< 20.. (3JrL= 20..'

.85
6.
K

A3.
A 4,

350 = 8.6

0.092 caVgm.C

7.

32 gm

10-'.C

8.

660N PART .11

(a) 100 J, (b) 0, (c) 1/40.C

section (8) :
81.
, 8 2.

%R<%A<%V
We will cool the system.

83.

(a) R; = R, (1 + a.:\.9) (b) R~ = R, (1 + a.M) (c) R~ - R; = (1\ - R,)(1+ a.:\.9) (d)A' =(ltR~ -ltR~ )(1+2aa9)=A(1 +2aa9)

1. 4. 7. 9.

(C) 2. (A) (A) 5. (C) ~. ,; . (8) 8. (B)(C)(q) (A)(B)(C)(O)~

3:/1.C)

(C)
I

A4
(,~(A)

~~~~.~I' - (p) ; (B)- (r) ;o(C) - (s) ; (0)- (q) (D)-{.) (B) (A)

8 4.

(i) hollow sphere> solid sphere' (ii) hollow sphere

2~ .... . ;'{~~T~"); '~A:-{

3.J'(A) 6. ,~(D) . 4. 7. . (C). (B)
PART.III

= solid sRhere ~ .~

Section (e):
C 1. (a) All tie

5. 8.

(ti)50~X.50OY. 50.W;

9. 12Section (8) : 81.\(Ai.;\.,'\ 2. 8 .si~"'*:-. Sectlon'(C) :

C 1. (A) B4. \(A)',',.>B 5.

(A)

10.
True True

(C) PART-IV

11.

(A)

(I) (Iv)

(Ii)

True . (iii)

True

\~,if

<' -

&:4iJ. '" (C) 83.

(A)B)

I
(e)

PART.V

13.

<I)
(iii)

(v) . (vi)

Less (Ii) Kelvin scale. (Iv) . .1.1 x 10" 0.75m Partly solid and partly liquid. OOC

(vii)

P1

Exercise # 2
PART -1

Exercise # 4
PART. I

1.

2100
21+3.36 6.16min (a) zero (a)450

= 86.2 g .
: (b) 1764 J (b) 449 (c) 1764 J (e) 12:14:59 pm ("'J 10' .C .
III

1.
4,

(B)(D) 2.

(A)

3.

(A)
(C) (A)

2.
3.

2i6 kg;;

107

0.5 kg

5.
8.

4.

6. 9.
1.

(A) 7.. 273 K 10.

YL= 2a. '8gm

PART -II

(d)(i) 1

898 ("J 450 S II

450

5.

(a)

(b)

h, ~ h { 1+ a, 1>9) A, " A( 1 + 2a<",9) V, =Ah (1 + 30..6e) volume of liquid Vw "Ah, ( 1+ YL 6.e) h, = 11,{ 1 + YL 6.e}

4.

(2) (3)

2.

(1) .

3.

(4)

FIIT-JEE Ltd . 48, GlIrllkripa Complex. M.P. Nagao; Zone-II. Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355, 4253455

I II

..,"
"

MG8':
PART - I : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
I. Sle~m at 100' C is 'passed'into 1.1 kg of water contained In a calorimeter of water equivalent O.02 kg at 15'C till the temperatUre of the calorimeter and its contents rises to SO'C . The mass of the steam condensed in kilogram is : [JEE '8B, 2) (A) 0,130 (8) 0.065 (C) 0.260 (0) 0.135 A piece of metal floats on mercury. The coefficient of volume expansion of the metal and mercury are 1, & 12 respectively . If the temperatilres of bOth mercury and the metal are increased by an amount AT , the fraction of the volume of the metal submerged in mercury changes by the factor _' __ (Ratio of final fraction to the initial fraction) pEE '81, 2) ,

z.

3.

Two vertical glass tubes filled with a liquid are connected a.ttheir lower ends by,a horizontal capillary tube. One tube Is surrounded by a bath C?ntaining }ce and water at O.~and ~e other by hot water at t.C. The dIfference In the height of the liquid In the two colum~ Is All, and the height of the column at O.C is h". Coefficient of volume expansionof the liquid

/
i

r '&..
.'

:~

rnr' :_
1II

'JttlD :

',II :
l :

I'C

4.

A gas thermometer is used as a standard thermometer fOr measurJmentof temperature. When the gas container of.lhe thermometer Islmniersed in water at ils triple point 273.16 K; the pressure In the A' ~ --'~ ,~ ~-~ gas thermometer reads 3 x 1O' WiTt': WIleilthe gas container of the same thermometer Is Immersed in "another system, the gas preuuTe7e2cls3.5 x 10' N/~emperature of this system is therefore.
. ~ ~ .. , ',-". ~. It ).

, AI.

" __

'C.

A, ~

~,

[JEE ,87,

2J

5.

1.

,. .PA.
'The temperature

Earth receiv~.s 140Q}'-"/~of solar 'p,ower ..If all the so.lar energy faliing on a lens of area 0.2 102 is focused on'to a block:pf ice of mass 280 g~niS, the time taken to melt the ice will be minutes. (Latentlieat affusion ofice-:~.3 x 105''J~. [JEE '87, 2]

SUBJE:CTlVE QUESTIONS

A 50~"tead 'b~liet. ;sp,eclfic.heat 0.02 callgm Is mllially qt'30' C . It is fired vertically uPr'3rds with a ~peed .0J 840m/sec &'9n returning to the starting level strikes a cake of ice at 00C. How much ice is melted. Assumi;'that all energy is spent in m~lting only.[Latent heat of ice = SOcallgm J '[REE ~8, 6.J

2.

of 1OOgm of water is to be raised from 24. C to 90'C by adding steam to it~CalCulate the mass of the steam required for this purpose.', [JEE '9B,21 ' An":Iectricai heating coil was placed In a calorimeter containing 360 gm of water at 100C'. The coil consumes energy at the rate of 90 watt. The water equivalent of the calorimeter and the co" is 40 gm. Calculate what will be the temperature of water after 10 minutes, [REE '85, 7]. J 4.2 Joules/cal. '

3.

4.

One gram of water (volume = 1 cm') becomes 1671 em' of steam when boiled at a pressure of one atmosphere. Latent heat of vaporization afthis pressure Is 539 callgm . Compute the worK done. '[ 1 atm = 1.013 x 10' Nrn-2j ,{REE'8B,3) A sleal rod 25 em long has a cross-sectional area of O.Scm2 What force would be required to stretch this rod by the same'amount as the expansion produced by heating it through 10.C? (Coefficient of linear expansion of steel Is 10"/"C and Young's modulus of steel is - 2 x 10" N/m2.) [JEE '89, 3] The hrass scale 0' a barometer gives correcl reading at O.C. Coefficient of thermal expansion of brass Is O.lIOOO2JO. The barometer reads i5 ern at 27" C. What is the currecl atmospheric pressure at . C 27.C~' '[ JEE 'B9. 21

5.

6,

'.

.'

7.

A clock with an iroi, penilulum keeps co,rrect time at 20. C. How much will It lose or gain in a day if the tem~:erature changes to 40' C? (Coefficient of cubicai expansion of iron = 0.000036FC) I JEE '80, 3,1

FliT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa Com pie., M.P. Nagar. Zone-II, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355, 4253455

II

8.

Two r~~. of different.'TIelals h.avingsamearea ~f cross section A are placed end to end betwee~~ m?sslVe platforms, as shown In the figure.T~e.f,rstro~ ~asa length l" coefficient of.liriear ex ails' ,.' . aland Young'lrmodUIUs V,. ~he cor~espondlO9 qu;mlitl~s for the seco~d rod are L.,.a,;.and~: :fD,n temperallJre of both the rods.ls now Increased.by T"C. Find the force with which the rods act 0 ~,' ..~e , other ( at the higher temperature) Intermsof given quantities. Also find the lengths of the rOdsna~-:;;h higher temperature. Assume lhat thereis nochange In lhe cross sectional area of the rods and that th: rods do nol bend. Thete is no deformationof lhe walls. (JEE 'so, s 1

9.

A compos~e rod is made by joining a copperrod end to end with a second rod of different,material but of the same Ctoss section. At 25'C lhe compositerod is 1 m in length of which the length~~fthe COpper rod is 30cm.At 125'C the length of the composHerod Increases by 1.91 mm. When I\ecoliiiiOsile rod' t is not allowed to expand by holding Hbetween two rigid walls ilis found that the length~of.the two const~uenls do not change with the rise of temperature: Find the ~~!ts mOdGIUS:~rl!ih'e'iinear 11 expan~ion of ~he second rod given thai Young's modulus of.for~, PPElr=, 1.3,x 10 ,N,Im~ahd,the coeffiCient ofllnear expansion of copper = 1.7 x 10"rC. ~ ..., . (JEE'SO, 4l A piece of metal weighs 46 9 In air. When ~ Is immersed In a IiqJjdo!.sp.e~gravity1.~4 at 27!C'it weighs 30 g. When the temperature of liquidis rai!l~~2'C the metal J:!i~cew~ghS 30.5g:Specific gravity 01Iiqllid at42'C is 1,20. Calculatethe coeff~e=~inear\e~a,::s:r~TOflhlj metal. [JEE 'Sl, 3] A one !Her flask contains some mercurY.':l!is found that at differenl'tEl.mperallJ~Els.the volume of air . inside the flask remains. the sam--e;Wtiat!sthe VOlume-~cury in tlie'f1as,k? Coefficient of linear: expansion of glass = 9 x 1O"~~C!Coefficient ofvolume;:expansion of mercury = 1.8x 10" ,. C. TwoAluminium rod~tee3s.s-secti.~ equal length . .'.(
JEE 'S1, 3]

10.

11.

12.

t.are joined'rigidly sidebYsid~as shown'!"figure:.lnltiallythe rods are at we. Find the tenQlh !hI!. rod al'ttieteltlperature OW yom;9:smodulus of elas~cily of the aliln:tinium anc stee! are Yrailc y'lrespectivlily'iJid coefficient 01linear expansion of aluminiutn 'ana,steel ar: 't and ~ respectively.

af

The attemate diSCS iron andiitrb'tn. havingsamearea of cross-5ection , are cemented together to make of a.;..cyfn~~r ~n~t:1~ose iempe~ure coe~cient of.res!s~vity is zero. If th~ change in temperature in ~~male dISCS~\!1esame, determinetheratio~elr thickness and the ratiOof heat.produced in them. crheresistivity of iron and carbon at20"C are 1 x 10 and 3 10-5 Q-m and their temperature coefficient of '~siSti'nc;e are 5 x 10--'and _ 7.5 ;'10.' per'C, respectively.Neglect thermal expansion. tREE 1988) 4kfir (a) a melal scale of length 30 em erd an object The scale is cafibrated for temp 20'C: What Is the aetuallength of division which is shown as 1 cm by scale at40OC. Given a. = 2.10-' What will be the reading of scale at 40'C if the actual length of object is 10 cm. What will be the actual length of object at;40 'C if its measured length is 10 em. What is % error In measurement for part (b) and (c) . If the linear expansion coeffiCientof object is a. = 4 10-' and neglecting the expansion Ofscale then an~rs of (b) and (c) parts. . If a. = 4 x 10-' and a. = 2 10-' then find answers.of (b) and (c) part.

~". ....,
~

.Aluminium Steel Aluminium

14.

(b) (c) (d) . (e) (~ 15.

re.

The apparatus shown in the figure consists of lour glass columns 'connected by horizontal sections . The height of two central columns B & c: are 49 cm each. The two outer columnS A & D are open to th~ atmosphere. A & Care mainlained at a temperature of 95'C While the columns B & D are maintained at 5'C ..The height of the liquid in A& D mea~ured fromth~ base line are 52.8 em & 51 em respectively. Determme the coefficient of thermal expanSion olthe liquId. (JEE '97. ~!

c
95-

0
5'

OS'

'-.1

Lid., 48. Gurukripa

Complex. M.P. Nagar. ZOlle,II, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph. : 4253355. 4253455

12

_'----An-s-w-er-s-_
~.
(A)

2.

3. 5.
PART -II

y=-

Ah

hot

5.5 min = 330 sec ..

:

't

4.
7.

52.875gm. 169.171 J 10.3685 F

. 2. 5.

129m 1.6x1Q2N .'

3. 6.

42.14"C 75.0405 em

8.

+l2a2)Y'Y = AT{Lt, 2+l 2', 2 l Y v ,

length. of the first rod

=, l

+ L1l2T{Y1a, pYia2) l v +J,,,v ,

,'2 . "

9.
11. 14.

.,

/
t\= 10 { 1 + 20 "4" 10 -5} = 10 { 1- 20" 4 " 10 -5}

t;

.,.

(~

.I, = 10{1 +40" 10.5}

.t.= 10 {1-40"
15 . y=2"10-4'"C.'

.10.'}

FIIT-JEE Ltd . 48, Gurukripa

Complex, M.P. Nagar, Zone-II, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph. : 4253355, 4253455

13

MOBSolution
PART .1 1. Heal released by sleam = heal gained by waler and calorimelry ml+m"S (100-80)=(1.1+ 0.02)"S.(80-15) m.540+20m=1.12 "65 m = 0.130 kg. For floating condition mg = B V dog.=vd,g' where do= density of object d, = densily of liquid fraction of volume submerged in liquid (f,) = v;

2.

f, =

d;:-

do

after increasing lemp, by aT

f{

..
3.

~ =

1+Y2aT 1+V1AT

In equilibrium, . .Pressure atA = Pressure :al B h-t-g .h) p

o
0 . 0

Pog 1+yl

o'c

O'~c
5.
1~.00'x0.2 t" 280 " 10~'" 3.3 10' t = 330 s~r..
\ ~...
.."

I
.

gy !liven by the sun = 14C'0 0.2 t Emr!Jy~rr;qu!rr;d 1,3rneilihe ice" 260 10'" 3.3. 1Q5

\
P~RT.1l

1.

Heal released by bulleI = heal gained by ice

1 .

.~

-mv'+

m SAG= ml
I

.!.. 2
2.

(50" 10-') (840)' " -.:!..-+ 50 0.02 (30 - 0) = m 80 . U .

rn = 52.875 gm Heat released by steam = Heal absorbe~ by water rn,L+ 111," S (100-90) =m, "S(90-24) 540
~

rn, + 10 m,
'66"100

= 66 m,

-'

;.1,='

550- "12r;:m
14

EE Ltd., 48, Gurul,ripa Complex, M.!'. Nagar, Zoue-II, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355,4253455

I,

,,'.

3.

Energy supplied by coil = heat gain by water and calorimetry => Pt (m, + w) " 8 A9 => 90 x (10 " 60) = (360 + 40) x 4.2 x (Cl - 10)

9=42.14.C

. 10' x (1671-1) x 10'"

4.

P(V2 -V)1 W = 169.171 J

.

w=

Process is isobaric

= 1.013"
.

5.

F/A . V=Mil.
A[

T=aAO

.
6: h

F=VaAA9 :, 2 x 10'. x'(0.8 x 10-')" 10-' x 10 F= 160 N . h = 75(1 + 0.00002 " 27} h = 75.0405 cm
Gain or loss in time due to thermal expansion

= h.

(1 + aAO)

7.

1 . .1I='2.xA9xt"a
~~~~~t~~n ~i:G(j

(.
(1-

0.000036 /)~ 3 I"~ ~

.\

sec~'

:.

1 0.000036 \ .~ .JiB';' \ At = -2 x '\' i2..3~.. x'20 "~4... .3600 "

..... illF.'\ \ .

8.(l~\+)\:';' \ \. ~
. . l 0,....... 2 =l"-x ~ F".i~ . _ . V - ~ \;'
.

At=c10.. 681~~" . 3 \ Yffff . . 4&:!";'" ',....;.,:'. <tt#._ .- '.-. Note: If\we increase temperature then.time period increases and watch becomes slow.

iJI'\

V'
I

e~VA'-

Fd

",e

= extension or compression due to force FL,

e = L,a, T - x = = L,a, =

vi;.
FL2 Y A
2

(1)

T + x

(2)

By adding eqmition (1) and equation (2)

We get Ell'oividif1(!{l) ?nd (2) . We get 8o,

"' , uru (rlpa omp ex, M.P. Nagar~ Zone-II, Hhol)al (M.I).), 1>11.: 4253355 4253-155
1

.'

15

9.

At = 1.91.mm = At, + At. =:> 0.191 em t,a, Ae + t,a, Ae. =:) 0.191 = (30 ~ 17 ~ 10'" + 70 a,) ~ 100. a. = 2 ~ 10..0

Y=

-;:;;xe

F,

= F.

Y,Aa,Ae;= Y.Aa. Ae.

Y,a, 1.3x10" x1.7~10-s ------= 1.105 x 10"N/m' Y =~ :. = 2x10-5 10. Wo = mg = 46 9 wI alO = 27. C W, = 30 gm wt = Wo- B, alO 42.'C W. = 30.5 9 wt = Wo- B.

B, = (46 - 30)gm
=:>

S,

= 15.5 gm wt = V. P,9
12
~ 15) ~ 1.24

B.

V,P2

..

= V1P1

16 = (1 + 3a,

15.5 .

_ fl(15.5 ~ 1.24)_1lx~ a, - ~ 16 1.2 45

11.

---t,--12. I
I

a'

aUI .C.
If

.,\.

i/JI
---1--+

\ c:

rOcls are free to expand.

t, = to (1 + a,O) t. = to (1 + a,O) F/A
y= xlt x=. AY

!Illffili
if a,>~,
..... (i)
....:(ii)

"';

Fxi

2Fx to
AY

. =io(l

+a,AO)-i

Fxto
AY

by solving (i) and (ii) wege!

= i-io (1 + a,AO)

FIIT.JEE Ltd., 48, Curukripa Complex, M.P. Nagar, Zone-II, Ilhnpal (M.I'.), Ph.: 4253355,4253455

16

3.

both discs are in series combination

R=R,+R, _PF_t_F Pc Ie = ~p~Fl_1_+_U~F_T]t~F + + ,-P",e,-11_+_u~c~T)~t~e A A A' 'f"""" A. '" Peue -=--te . PFuF HF He
114. (a) (b) =45

= Pele

PFIF

3 = 20

i = 1 { 1 + 2 x 10 -5 x20} l:010{1-4x 10-4)

(c)
(el)

t= 10{ 1 +4x10-4}

% it = - 4 .

10-2 %

-4x10-2 %l2= 1+4x10-4 %;: -4x 10-2%

(e) ..

In the figureh, 52.8 em, .h2 51 em and h = 49 em Now pressure at B = pressure at Therefore .

c.

p. + h, Pw g h PS' g = Po + h2 PS' 9 -.h PRS' g

==-

PRS' (h, + h )

= PS' (h2 + h)
PO'"

(1+.95r)

h2 +h'

~
(1+5'() .

=' h,+h

==-

1+5y _ 51+49 .100 1+95'1 - 52.8+49 = 101.8

Solving Ihis equation, we gel .\ r= 2 x 10'" per "C.

FliT-JEE Ltd., 48, GlIrlll.ripa Complex, M.P. NagaI; Zone-II, Ilhopal (M.!'.), Ph.: 4253355, 4253455

17

CPP (Heat Transfer) 6th March 11

cpp~
.

, HealTranS'er.

Exercise: # 1 . ..
. Section (A) : Thermal conduction In linear conductors at steady state A 1. A uniform slab ofdimension 1Oem x 10em x 1em is kept be.tweentwo Iie<ltreservoirs'aUemPEiiatures 10.C and 90"C. The larger surface areas touch tI1ereservoirs. Thethermal condllCtivity olthe malerial is 0.80 WI m-.C. Find the amount of heat flowing through the slab per second. A 2. One end of a steel rod (K = 42 J/m-s-.C) of lengUi'1.0 m is kept in ice ~t O.C and the othelJtnd is kept in boningwater at 1DO.C.The area of cross-section of the rod is O.04cm'. Assuming no heafloss. to the atmosphere. find the mass of the ice melting per second. Lalent heat of fusi.onof icef3.~;,1 0' J/kg. . . A 8
.' . ,F; ".;, .'. I ' / ...

100'C

c.~
_.._..':.

A 3.' ~ A rod CO of thermal resistance 5.0 KJW is joined at the middle of an ). identical rodAB as shown in figure. The endsA. B andO are maintained atl ~ ; A 4.. 100'C, O.C and 2S.C respectively. Find the heatc~o.

t.,.'.~e2~C' ~i.~r'
\.:;: \, II, and different

A semicircular rod is joined at its ends to a.straight rod;ofthe same material and sameposs.sectional area. The straight rod forms a diameter,oflhe other rod. The junCti~ns are m'aintalmld at'different temperatures. Find the ratio of the heatlransfelted througfi a cross.setuori oftt,e semicircular rod to the heat bansferred through a cross-section of th~Straight main a'givan time1' , .' . . . Three slabs of Sa~~rla'q ar':'bJt~l~~tcondut~ti~~ktl\"

A 5.

tJjjK, K,
t,'1, I, state

thickne;l,./t.(,... t, are;Pla.ce. ,.in t,. d,.. '.close CCin!S.,'ct... s~eadystate this combination . '\fter behaves as a single slab. Find.jts effective thermal conductivity. .

Se~B)

.' \j" \\.'~'\

: Thermal

131.,;'J, A hollOwmetallic sp~ere of radius 20 cm surrounds a concentric metallic sphere of radius 5 em. The space b-e.twee ..r'n.the~ sP!l:[llS i.ll filled with a nonmetallic mate)ial. The inner and outer spheres are maintained at .'~50'C and 10'C respectively and it is found that 160 11 Joule of heat passes from the Inner sphere to the outer <""O~;., ..'1, .' '~sphe~e per second. Find the thermal conductivity of the material between the spheres.

I :*' ,,/.

"

conductlon

\ '.~

In nonlinear

\,T
..

conductors

at steady

'. .

;f~;; ..
.

B 2.

tube has Cllength I, inner radius R, and outer radius R,. The material has thermal conductivity K. F:indthe heat flowing through the walls of the lube per secorid if the inside of the tube is maintained at . , te.mperalure T, and theoulside is maintained. atT, {assume T2>.T,1 . .' . (C) : Thermal conductIon througll conductors which have not echleved steady, steta A metal rod of cross-sectional area 1.0 em2 is being healed at one end. At one lime, the temperature gradient is 5.0'Clem afcross-sec,lionAand is 2.6 .C/em alcross-section B: Calcullite the rate atwllich thetemperature is increasing in the part~B 01the rod. The heal capacity 01the partAB = 0.40 Jrc. thermal conductivity of the material 01the rod = 200.W/m-.C. Neglect any loss of tieat to the atmosph~e. . (0) : Radiation, stefen's law and weln's law.

A. hO~

Section C 1.

SectIon D 1. D 2.

When q, joules of radiation is incident on a body it reflects and transmIts total of q, joules. Find the emissivity olthe body. " Ablackbody of surfaCe area 1 em' is placed inside an enclosure. The enclosure has a constant temperature 27"C and the blackbody is maintained at 327.C by heating it electrically. What electric pOweris needed to. maintain the temperature? " = 6.0 x 10" W/rn" .:.j('. . . Estimate the temperature at which a bodymay appear blue or red. The values of 1._ for these are 5000 and 7500 A respectively. { Given Wein's constant b = 0.3 em K I

D 3.

FliT-JEE Ltd., 48,Gurukripa Complex, M.P. Nagar, Zone-II, Bhopal (M.P.). Ph. : 4253355.4253455

[).4

The tempera\)Jre of.!! hot liquid i~ container o{ negligible heat capacity falls at the rate of.3 Klm!n due:tq a heat emissiOn to the surroundings, Justbefore it begijis to solidifY.l:he temperature.then remains constant for 30 min, by which lime the liquid h'asall slliidified. Find the ratio of specific heat. capacity .of liquid to. specific latent heat of fusion. .' . .. . ..

Sectlon(E) : Newton's Law.of cooling

E 1.. A liquid cools from ;cioC to S0"6i'k5 minutes. Find tJie lime in which it will further cool down to 50~C, if its .surrounding is held.at a constant temperature of 30.C. .

, * Marked Questions are having more than one corrett option. Section' (A):: Thermal conduction In linear conductors "at steady state
A 1. A wall has two layers A and B, each made of different material. Both the layers have the same thickness. The thermal conductivitY for Ais twiCe that of B. Under steadystate, the temperatureili~ere~e across ~~ ;~~Ie wall is 3S.C. ~~~~;~~ temperature di~;)~~~ . A 2., across the lay~~ ~~.C .

F't~~
\\~~} ~()...; . ,..' :. ''''''. '

Two metal cubes with 3 cm-edges of copperandaluminium are arra4~~' as shown in figure '(Ke" =385 Wlm-K, KAt=' 209 W/m~K) ','.' (a) The total thermal C\lrrent from one reservoir-t61he other is :. (A) 1.421<jO'W '.' . (B)2.53'{1O'W (C) 1.53. (b) ~()4W.4t~)2.53.\~~W~' '-...' The ratio of the t~mal curreptcarried{by aluminium cube is :.-. ' (A) 1.79.

\if~t

100"C

~J7'
. .
d

,;;:M;a 2O:C

. .

A 3.

.~.~~i\. . ~~\~~.,) \_]L}:/l~

"> '\ "\\. ....,

A Viall consists of aRernaling blocks, with length 'd' and coeffICient of thermal ,ccinduqlivitYR, and ~'rheCross secli'bmi!ar~ of the blocks are the same. The eq,uivaient coefflcilinl Of thenl\al conductivityoflhe wall between left and right is (e) :~~
2

~, \

-r

th8\. copper cube'lo

that carried by the

'\it-~
. (I?) 1.84

~(B)~1.69'..

X,

",r""(C)1.54

.\ -,?,

..
. .

(D) K;~, ~
.1 2

...
' ..

A 4, -I,~_~~iler il; made~f} copper plate 2.4 mm Ihick with ao (nside coating of a 0,2 mm thick layer oftin: The r.f .a 'area exposed IQgases at 700.C is 400C"l'. The amount of sleam that could be generaled per v .ce. ~ hOIJLat atmospheric pressure Is (K", = 0.9 and K"" = 0.15 .cal/cm/srC and Lite.,. = 540 cal/g) (A)SOOOKg . . (C)4000 kg (D) 200 kg . ,....J . (B) 1000 kg

\=.u.

A 5.

A la~e surface is exposed to an atmospher:e where the temperature is < O.C. if the thickness of the ice layer formed on the surface grows from 2 cm.to 4 em in 1 hour, The almospherlc t~mperature, T. will be(Thermal conductivity of ice K = 4 x 10" cal/cm/arC; density of ice = 0.9 gmlcc. Latent heal of fusion of ice = 80 cal/gm. Neglect the change of density during the siale change. Assume Ihat the water below the ice has O. temperature every where) . (A) - 20 .C (B) 0 .C (C)..: 30 .C (D) -15 .C

Section (8) : Thermal conduction In nonlinear conductors at st,ady. state

B 1. Heat flows radially outward through a spherical shell of outside rSdlusR2 andinnllr radius R,. The temperature of inner su'rface of shell is 9, and that of outer is 9" The radial distance from cenlre of shell where the temperature is just half way between' 9, and 92 is: '(A) R,+R,
. 2

(B) R,R.
. ~+~~,+~

(C) 2R,R.

(D) R

+. R2 2.

SectIon. (C) : Racilatlon, stefen's law and weln's law

C 1*. Assume transmllivity t-+ 0 for all the cases: .(A) bad absorber is bad emitter . (C) bad reflector is good emitter .(B) bad absorber is good reflector (D)bad emitter is good absorber .
. 2

FIIT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gllrllkripa Complex. M.I'. Nagar, ZOlle-II, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355, 4253455

C 2*,

A hollow and' a solid sphere 01 same material and having identical outer slirface are heated under . identical conditiori .lotlie same temperature at the same time (toth h~ve same e, iI) : . .' (A) in the beginning both will emit e~ual amount 01 radiation per unit time . . . (B) in the beginninll both will absorb equal amount of radiation per unit time (C) both spheres will have same rate offall oftemperature (dT/dt) (0) both spheres will have equal temperatures at any moment A metallic sphere having radius 0.08 m and mass iii =10kg is'heated to a temperature 227'C and suspended Inside a box whose walls are at iI temperature of 27*C. The maximum rate at which its temperature will falUs :(Take 1, Stefan's'constant (J = 5.8 x 10"Wm" K" and specific heat oithe metal s = 90 callkg/deg J 4.2 Joules/Calorie) (A) .055 'C/sec (B) .066 'C/sec (C) .044 'C/sec (0) 0.03 .C/sec

C 3.

of

e"

Section (0) : Newton's L!1w of cooling

0-1._ Which of the law can be understood in terms of Stefan;s'law' (A) Wien's displacement law (B) Kirchoffs law (C) Newton's law of cooling . (0) Planck's law

I'.~~? ;~.

-ij
z'

0-2,_

A hot liquid is kepI in a big room. Rate 01cooling of liquid (represented as y) is plotted against its temperature iilI/~' .... '.,d' T.WhichOfthefOIlOwingCurvesmayrepresentthep(~ ~ Jf' ~ ':illi;

y~

(A)

Ll- .(~) W'

T~!

Yi

At:; . T~';~ ' ~i

(C)

M
V

(D) T

\;.~i~ \~(,;"
.' ".. . ,~...

~. \~

~.YV
.

'L

_?

+
T

bercis9#2

1, '"Figure shows a'sleel rdd joined to a brass rod. Each of the rods has length of 31 cm and area of ""cross-(ection 0.20'cm" ~The junction is maintained at a constant temperature 50~C and the two ends are maintained at 100'C. Calculate the amount of heat taken out from the cold junction in 10 minutes after the .~ea.dy stille is reached. The thermal conductivities are K_ = 46 W/m-'C and K",." = 109 W/n ... C.

~
.100'C 2,

I .steel

50'C
1--B-ra-SS--\100'C

Consider the situation shown in figure. The frame is made of the same malerial and has a uniform .cross-sectional area everywhere. II amount of heat flowing per second througti a cross~sectionolthe benl <'part is 60 J. Calculate the amount of total heat taken out per second from the end at50"C.
50 em O'CI

5cml 10cm

I 10cm 150'C

3.

Seven rods A. B, C, 0, E, F and G are joined as shown in figure. All the rods have equal cross-sectional area A and length I. The thermal qanductivilies of the rods are K. = 2K,; 31<"= 61<0 K" . The rod E is kept at a constant temperature 01 and the rod G is kept at a constant temperature 0,(0, > 0,). (a) Show that the rod F has a uniform temperature 0='(30, + 0,)14. (b) Find the rate of he~t flow from the source which maintains the temperature 0,; . .

A
9,

0,

E
C

F
0

FliT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa Complex, M,P. Nagar, Zone-II, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355,4253455

4.

Four lhin identical rods AB. AC, J3D and EF made of the, same malerial are joined as shown. The !ree-end$ C. 0 anili' !Ire l]1i1inl?ined at temperatures t,; T2 and respectively. Assiim,ing that there is no loss of heat to the surroundings, find the' temperature at joint E when the steady state is attained.

T~

5.

One end of copper rod,of uniform cross-section and of length 1:45 m is in contact with ice at O.C and ' the other end with water at 100'C, Find the position of point along its length where a temperature of 200.C should !Je maintained so that in steady state tlie mass of ice melling is equal to that of steam produced in The same inlerval oftime [Assume thatttie wholesystem'is l,nsulated from surroundings). (take l; = 540 cal/gL, '= 80 cal/g) " ' Find the rate of heat flow through a cross~sec~on <;Ifhe rod shown in figure (T H >Tc), Thermal conductivity of t the material of the rod is K

6.

R~a_)__ L__
" T">Te

ffi:~
H ~

7.

A hollow spherical 'conducting shell of inner radius R, = 0.25 m an~ 'oH!e~~ir;, radius R, = 0.50 m is placed inside a heat reservoir oft~perature T.~ 1090 "C. The shell is initially filledwiih water at O.C. The thermal conductivitY of the material is k = ~: W/m-K and itshe~~iadty is nJig;~I~ind th~ine"-.. '.~
K

, . A,,/' O \,' .\ ' required to raise the temperature of water ,to-(1 O.C.Take sRBcific heat of
4. '- '" '\' , ,,:)j,~22, water s = 4.2 kJ/kg . Gi, de~sity of water ~;=1000kg/m~, .. t= "'7 J
8.

"','~

V'.-;;

okc\

'A,

--'Ii;

,".

'.-

'.-

R,

A cylindrical roo of lengthJ' m is.filted beme,en a large ice chamber at O.C and an evacuated chamber ,!ffaii\~ined ~m;c~sshciv;n(~l'~u,re: Only portio~s of ~e ~ are inside llie chambers arid the rest , '" ,1,5 thermally IOsulated from the surrounding. The cross-,seCtiongOing IOtothe evacuated chamberis blackened '-"-"i"-.'. " "'" -~_"" ',50 that itcompletely'alisorDs any radiation falling on it. The temperature of the blackened end is 17.C when -'i"'; ': '\. 'l- _,: .,,-'t., '".. . sle?dy state is reacl1ed!Stefan constanla = 6 x 1O"W/m'-l(4. Find the thermal conductivity of the material -oW'" " -~"--' oflhe,rod. (29' = 707c281) ,

A\, ,;~S
. 'l'-

\~\

" ' '

~mall

'f_4'~

:.'0"',-

>

--:"'10<.:--

'W-'-._

"-';~~~

~ _S-J17.C O.C 27.C

V
1

I
;.

9.

A spherical tungsten piece of radius 1.0 em is suspended in an evacu'!tedchamber maintained at 300 K. The 'piece is maintained at1 000 K by heating it electrically. Find the rate at which the electrical energy must be supplied: The emissivity of tungsten is 0.30 and the slefan constant a is 6.0 x 10-" W/m2-K4. A solid aluminium sphere and a soHdcopper sphere of twice the radius of aluminium are heated to the same temperature and are allowed to cool under identical surrounding temperalOres. Assume that the emissivity of both the sphere is the same. Find the initial ratio of (a) the rate of heat loss from the aluminium sphere to the , rate of heat loss from the cOpper sphere and (b) the rate of fall of temperature of the aluminium sphere to the rate of fall of temperature of the copper sphere. The specific heat capacity of aluminium = 900 J/kg- OCand that of copper '= 390 J/kg- .C. The density of copper';' 3.4 times the density of aluminium. ' ' A hot body placed in a surrounding oftemperalure T. lts temperature all = 0 is T,. The'spedfiel1eatcapa~ olthe body is s and Its mass is m. Assuming Newton's law of cooling 10be valid, find (a) ~ maximum heat ,thalthe body can lose and (b) the time starting from t = 0 in,which it will lose 50% of this maximum heal Find the iotai tilhe elapsed for a hollow copper sphere of ;nner radi~s 3 em outer iadiiis 6 em; density p = 9 x 10' kg/m', specific heals = 4 x 10' J/kgK and emissivitye = 0.4 to cool from 727"C to227'C when the surrounding temperature is 0 K(for inner suiface e 1 Stefan's constant a 5:6 x 1D" W/m2 K4)

10..

11.

12.

I -JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa Complex, M.P. Nagar, Zone-II, Bhopal (M;!'.), Ph.: 4253355, 4253455

~t.,_!:I.~;;".'~'~.-.,"
t, ;

., ..

13._

A metal ball of mass 2 k9.Is'healed by means of a 40 W heater.in.a room at 25'C. The temperature.of the ball becomeS steady at60'C: (a) Find the rate of loss of heat to the surrounding When the' ball is at 60'.C. (b) Assuming Newton's law.of cooling, calculate the rate of loss Qf heat to the surrounding ~en the ball is at 39'C. (c) Assume that the temperature of the ball rises uniformly from 25'C 1039'C in~ minutes. Find the totallo~s of heat to thE!surrounding during this period. (d) Calculate the specific heatc;apacitY of the metal.

14... Airietalblock of heat capacity 90 JiC placed in a rOOl!)at 25'C Is heated eleCtrically. The heater Is switched ", .','offwhenlhe temperature reaches 35~G. temperature of the block rises at the rate of2'C/s'justaflerthe The " .heater-is'switched on and falls althe rate of 0.2 'Cis just after the healeris switched off. Assume Newton's .. law.of cooling ~ hold. (a) Find the power of the heater. (b) Find the power radiated by the block just after the heater Is switched off. (c) Find the power radiated by the block when the temperatUre of the block is 30.C. (d) Assuming that the power radiated at 30'C respresents the average value in the heating process, find the time for which the heater Was kflpton. .'

> ..

~Wi1t.illt!gmmiQDm_1II choice At. ..)

Single type ."
1. Two identical square rods of metal are welded end to end as shown in figure (a), Assume that 10 cal of heat flows through the rods in 2 min. Now the rods are welded as shown,in'figure, (b). The'ti~il~ould take for 10 cal to flow through the rods now, is . .

6sf' "i..'"
.

"

O'C
, (b)

(A) 0.75 min

(8) 0~5 mi;

(C) 1.5 min?

(0) 1 min

2.

~ """'" F, ./ ,v~ Three metal rods made of. copper, aluminium and brass, each 20 cm long and 4 em in diameter, are "\ 'l\.. 't'~ ~ or-. placed end to end with aluminium between the other, two. Tne free ends of copper and brass are maintaine<fat'100 and O'C respectively; Assume that the thermal conductivity of copper is twice that of . aJuminiiYm and four tirrles tt1~t'ot brass.'rheJipproximately equilibrium temperatures of the copper. .... . \_.;~...... "*i: -i\, -wr. . :, alum.inium,and ailJmlnium.brassjunctions are respectively .

.1~,:tP,',,',.", '\~(\,','
./< ~

,\OOOCI
.~)'

'"

~J:'

~A

T,

. Ai. ';'

T,

brass

~{

O.C

(A.L68.C and 75 'C

(B) 75 'C and 68 'c

(C) 57"C and 86 'c

(D) 86 'c and 57 'c

...,.

A closed cubical box is made of a perfectly insulating material walls of thiCkness 8 cm and the only way for heat to enter or leave the box is through two solid metallic cylindrical plugs, each of cross-sectional area 12 em' and length 8 em, fixed in the opposite walls of the box. ".,.,> outer surfaceAon one plug is maintained at100'C while the outer ~urface'8 of the other plug is maintained at 4'C. The thermal conductivity of the material of each plug is 0.5 calrC/cm. A source of energy generating 36 calfs is enclosed inside the box. Assuming the temperature to be the same at ali points on the inner surface, the equilibrium temperature of the Inner surface of the box is

A 100'C

Source . of Energy

B 4"C

--l

8cm

t-

Insulating \Nalls

W~~
4.

~~~

~m~

~~~

Two models of a windowpane ani made. In one model, two identical glass panes of thickneSs. 3 mm are se'parated'iVith an air gap of 3 niin. This composite system Is fixed in the window of a room. The other n" .,/. }'~dn'sists of a single glass pane of thickness 6 mm, the temperature difference being the same t.: ';'\';'!le first model. The ratio of the heat flow for-the double pane to that for the single pa'ne is (K.= 2.5 x1~ caVs,m .."C andK . = 6,2 x 1~ caVs.m.'C) (D) 31/656 (A) 1/20 '. . (8) 1nO . (C)31/1312
Complex, M.P. Nagar, ZOlle-lI. Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355,4253455 5

FIIT-JEE Ltd . 48, Gurlll,ripa

5.

A spherical solid black body of radius 'r' tl1d.iates:po~er 'H' a,nd its rate of coC1lingis 'C'. If,density Is, constant then whlCh,of thefoll~wlngiStari!'iNe: .' " . '", " , (A) H a::rand i: a::r
2

(B) H a::r' and c ",' -'

,"

"

'1'

,r

(C}H'

ci: rand ca:: 2'

r

"

1 (D) H a:: ,r' and c a::r'

More than one choice type

6. T~ bOdies Aand S'have thernlal emissMlles of0.01 and O~81respectiVely. Thesuitai:e areas of the two bodies ar~ the same. The two b~ies emit total nidi~nt power at the same rate. The Wavelength i.e corresponding to maximum spectral radiancY in the radiation from'S is shifted from the wavelength , corresponding to maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation frolil,Aby 1.00 11M. If the temperature of A 11\5802 K," , , ' [JEE't4~21 (A) the temp~rature of B is 1934 K (C) the temperature of 81s11604 K: 7.

" (8) A. = ,1.5 II~ ' (O) the temperature ,of Sis 2901 K
~

4
..2IfllIt"

'

The solar constant is the amount of heat energy received per second pet unitarea of a perfectly blacll surface placed at a mean distance of the Earth from the Sun, in the absence of Earth's,atmosph!lre, the'surface bei,ng held perpendicular to !he direction of sun's rays. I~v~ue is 13~ri1~ ' If the solar constantfor the earth is's'. The surface temperature of the siln,is TK. The sun subtends II' small angle 'e' at the earth. Then correct options is/are. :-:(A) s a::T'(B) s a::T' (C) s ,a:: ' e '~." .....' (D)"s a::e ~ IUhe temperatur~ of thi! , , ,

8,

A heated body emits radiation whjc~ has maximlliTi'ftnslly at frllql,lenc"m' body is doubled: " ,~,' ~ '' (A) the maximum intensity radiationviillbe at frequency 2 v,i, (8) the maximum intensityradiatlE! 'wmbeat frequelil:y'"'';, (C) the total emitted . power tiirincrease'by II factor 16 AlA ,<-. ---.......... . (0) the total emitted'power Willlricf!lase, by a factor'2.
. .

'

'<r(p7O :' ~-

...:.. , liBIU"
t

_
. ~ 'r,~"''''A. .

:.b.lse#3_
'r'-~~.". ,. "'

keq1pe,r rod\l~iti~J1}\at iOJlntemperature 20.C}of non.uniform ~~oss section is placed between a team chambeh~j)o:c and ice-water chamber at D.C. ,', , , 'Conduclingrod
1,00,. Steam Chamber ,C

O. ,
tceWater

Chamber , 'A

, ", (A) Initially rate o~ heat flow (d~)

will be ,

(p) maximum at sectioriA

(B)AtS~eadY state rate ~f heat flow (~)~lIbe','

'(q) maximum at section B

gradient . , ' (0) At steady state, rale of change'of

. . . .

,(~i steady stat~ lemperature At

" 'temperature (:)

\(:)1
.'
-'.

wiUbe ' .

(r) minimum at sectl~n A (s)' minimum at section B (t) same ror all section '
(,

".

ala certain point will be

FliT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa

Complex, M.I'. Nagar, Zone-II, Bhopal (M.I'.), Ph.: 4253355, 4253455

".,':I.,?,,('.",'.I~"':W:.',.'CT.: "1.<

t,--,

-~,:;c.:;;.7i-,.Ti""';T-~:~'~----------------,<,'.";

... ,'~""..'

-.,'jl~'~-.~

!o

.:

Matchthe statementsin~olumn-l with the statements column-n. in Coillmn-l (A) For a perfect black body (6) For a perfectly polishedwhite body (C) When radiation frem air is incident on a perfectlytransparent medium :of greaterrefraclive Index' ,.{O) When radiationmoves from a transparent mediumof greater refractive indexto air (All conditions are for temperatureT > 0 K) Column-U' (p) Absorption of radiationoccurs (q) Emission of radiation occurs (r) Reflection of radiation will always occur . (s) Transmission(refraction)of radiation will always 'Occur ,.

_i'ltiiilMPJlijBti4

Cempreh!!RSion # l' .' Figure showsin'cross section a wall consistingof four layerswith ttiermalconductivitle$ Kt;=Q.06WI mK;K;= 0.04 W/r'nKand K4 = 0.10 W/mK. The layer thicknesses are II = 1.5 cm.;'L':'=,2.8.cm and L = 3'.S' cm. The temperature of interfaces is as shownin figure. Energy'transfer tlirougnih~ w~lI is steady.

4:.

, layer 1 , layer 2, Layer"3. layer '4 ,

,:

~ .~
'

30.~
.;,, ..
4., 5.

iil ;:

K,\

K,'

K,\'K.itJ

pO.C
.

~,.. *t:;--+:~+-Ll~J!... (O)O.C

. . (0)5.4.C .

3~,f;i.'{,q'M temperature-ofthe mterface belweenlayers3 and4 IS:

~~ifj~1~~a .. '".-,(C)2.C
'(A)1;1.C.(6)~

"he temperature 6f the interface betweenlayers2 and 3 is: (C)7.2.C

'If layerthlckness 1.!2 is:'1.4 cm, then its thermal conductivity~ will havevalue (In W/mK) : (A)f;<1o-2 ,..,. (6) 2.104 (C) 4 x 10-2 (0) 4 x 10"" \

Comprehension II 2 ~'~y coolsin a surroundingof constanttemperature -C. Itsheat capacityis 2JI"C.lnttialtemperature 30 of lhe body is 40'C . Assume Newton'slaw of cooling is vaiid. The body cools to 38'C in 10 minutes. 6. 7. In further 10 minutes it will cool from 38'C to: (A) 36'C (B)36.4'C (C) 37'C (0) 37.5'C

- The temperature of the body in 'C denoled by 0 lhe variation of 0 versus time t is best denoted as.
40'C 40'C t4cfC~

4r!c

t
(A)

t
(C)
\-

t
..........

30'C ..............
(6)
\-

3cfc ..............

~ 30'C

(0)
I.... (0,0 I-

8.

When the body temperature has reached 38 .C, it is heated again so that it reaches to 40'C in 10 minutes .Thetotal heat required from a heater by the body is: (A)3.6J (B50.364J (C) 8 J (0) 4 J

."

lIru <rIpa Complex, M.I'. Nagar, Zonc-II.llhopal

(M.I'.), I'h.: 4253355. 4253455

~J ...:$
. .~,~''',,", ".;: .'~'l:.U._"';": '_.'~~ .,' -.. .. ..~~';

oo'

~'. ... -.. '.

i~.'

9.

SrATf:ME~T-1:~WO ~oiid'cylindrical ro~sofidenlical size and ~i~erent thermal condu.tliviliesK~ .. "iI K, are connected trI series. Then the eqUivalenttherl'!1al conductiVity of two rod syst~m ISless than the ~'. value of thermal conduCtivity 'of either rod. ' . . . , ."

OK,OK,}
STATEMENT,2 : For two cylindrical rods ofid~ntical size and different therJl)al CQnductivities K, and K, respectively connected in series, the equivalent thel;l1lal conductivity K is given by

2 1 1 -=-+-

K K1 K2
, ~~. I os

(A) Statement-l is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2ls a correct explanation for Statement-' (B) Statement~' is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement.2ls NOT a correct explanation for.Statement-l

(C) Statement-' is True, Statement-2 is False

(0) Statement-l 10 is False, Statement-2 is True.

"'"

. 'Ii.

'lllt

STATEMENT,1 : As the temperature of the blackbody increases, the'wayelength al~~h

intensity (E,) is maximum decreases. ,,' SJATEMENT-2 : The wavelength at which the spectral intensily'willbe maXimum for a black bodyJs proporlionalto th.e fourth power of its ~bsolute te~p~,@l~re.~ (A) Statement-l ISTrue, Statement-2ls True; Statement-2ls a correct-':<",explanation for Statement-1 . ', .~,,,.- -'-. ..,t~:""" ,.W , (B) Statement-' is True, Statement-2 is True; Slatement-21S NOT acerract explanation for Statement-l

/'ffi!?Y

11 r ~' ~
' ,

_'j~"kf~
.

the spectral

.Ii;:;,

(C) Statement-l

--~
"
11. ' '
..

iSTrue',State~.nt'(isX'~lse (0) Statement-l is False, Statement-2is True."''''';'

'\~'\J~~, ~ .. ~.. ,
';"~
-".

:"' \ "f'. 'D.'\

'- ' ,

State, truj~;f~lse (I)\l'wo,~p~eres .~~,..

.~. ", '.~.

\7 ;.~\ \;~;:~\_ 'V'

"'"*00. 'l~ "Jl.'",
a .",'

of tile ~~me material have radii 1 m and 4 m and temperatures 4000 ,Kand 2000 K

rtSPe~~eIY ..Th~n. efg hadiated PEJrsecondis same for both the spheres.: ... .Inere.ase inroughness of a body surface, increases its absorptivity. '
'f:t',_,~,~

."".'2!~-1J:i~

i11-

'iii.lllr

'~"ii}usuat1~~buff~1 ~
'\:
.

\':~

have more emi~sive POWer h"n a whit~ cow at the same temperature. t .

,'~a <'-'iii'

{IJ'

'fiB In the blanks: (l)"../lt is known that the temperature in the room is +20 'C when the outdoor temperature is -20 'C, and _ +10 'C when the outdoor temperature is -40 'C, Assuming Newton's law of cooling to be valid, the temperallireofth.e radiator in the room is___ ' ' (il) The absolute temperahJre of a blackbody is iniieased by 1%. The amount of.radiation emitted by it increases by .

,-'

(UI) :

The earth receives at its surface radiation from the sun at the rate of 1400Wm". The distance of the centre of the sun from the suriace of the earth is 1.5" 10" m and the radius of the sun is 7 " 108m. Treating the sun as a black body, it follows from the above data that its surface temperature is :. K. 11919; 2M] A point source of heat of power P is placed at the centre ofa spherical shell of mean radius R, The material of the shell has thermal conductivity K. If the temperature difference between the outer and inner surface of the shell is notto exceed T. the. thickness of the shell should not exceed ........................ _ -.: '. 11991; 2M) , ~ solid copper sphere (density p and specific heat c) of radius. r at an i!J!~~Jj!~~e~~ur~2,OO K IS suspended inside a chamber whose walls are at almost,p K.,.' Tile tirn~,~. _. 1ted. the te,C1u fo-r . .. . J'\..~ . temperature of the sphere to drop to10Q K is (Assume sp.h:!i!f.:~4lJ~~llOd~)
~N-." .

(Iv)

(v)

. FliT -JEE Ltd., 48. Gurukripa

'

'._ .tU'l:'

2M] . S

Complex, M.I'. Nagar, Z<Jne-Jl, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355,4253455

.,
-

-.' ,-

(vII.

Two m'etal cubes Aaild 8 of same size are arranged a(showPl ill figur,: TIUt extellJe encts'bf the combin<;ltion a~e maintained at the Indicated temperatures. The arrangement is thermally insulated. The coeffjcient of thermal conductivity. of Aand 8 are 300 W/mo C and' 200Wlril C . respectively. After steady. state is reached the temperature T of the inteiface will be
. "[JEE~';-e,-2J-

_ExerCiS8#4_ ~jI"_~il!~._t~Ulllitf!J
Marked Questions 1. are ~aving moro than one correct option. ... . A double-pane window used for insulating a room th~ally from ~!~ide,c~il1,IS of lWo.glaS:,s~~els each of area 1 m' and thickness 0.01 m separat~'tlya 9.05m thick stagnant air space. In'theiteady state, the room-glass interface and Ihe glass-ouldoOi In'ierface a~t constanrttmperatures of 27 C and'OC respectively. Calculate the rale.otheat ftowtiirough'lhe window'pane':"A1S'OfiIiQII'e temperalures ..-.,. ~ ".-c"-"'" of other inlerfaces. Given, thermal conductivities. of glass and air as 0.8 and 10.08 Wm-' K-' respectively. . . ~ [JEE '97, 5) A solid body X of heat.ca~city C'is l<eplin ana!mosphere whose.temperature is T A = 300 K. Altime I = 0 the temperature of X is 11cools.ilccording to NeWton'S'law of cooling. At time t, the temperature is found to be'350K At ih: time(t,), Ihe b&lix iseonnectedto a large box Y at al!nospheric temperature TA, ~ugh =atc:ting rod Of length l, cro~on"al area A and thermal conductivity K The heat C<;Ipacily of ~ is so la!ge'thai'a.ny valiStiOii"iiI.j!s lempt.rwre may be neglected. The c~s-Sectional area A of,the COlJnec:ting(oCJ small compa;ed~.\J:II surface area at X. Find the tempElTllture of X at time t = 3~. is

2.

Tf='4oOK

. ...
3.

.'

[JEE'98,~)

A black: body is ala lemperature of 2800 K The energy of radiation emitted by this objecl with wavelength be!Ween499 nmand500nm isV" between 999 nm and 1000 nm is V,and between 1499 nmand.1500nm is U~e Wien constant b = 2.88 x 10' nm K Then .'. IJEE98,2]. (~) V,= 0 . (8) V, = 0 (C) U, > V, (0) V2 > U, ;. A compos~e body consists of two rectangular plates of the same dimensions bul different thermal conductivities KA and ~. This body is used 10 transfer heal between two objects maintained at differenllemperatures. The compos~e body can be placed such thai the flow of heal takes place either parallel to Ihe inte(face or perpendicular to it Calculate the effective thennal conduc:tivities ~ and K 1. of the composite body for the parallel and perpendicular orientations. Which orientaliollwill have more thermal conduclivity? [REE 2<100,6]

4.

"..

5.

The plots ofinlensity vs. wavelength for three black bodies at temperatures T" T, and T. respectively are as shown. Their temperatures are such that[JEE (5cr) 2000, 3/35)

(8)T, >T,>T,

(O)T,>T,>T,

FliT-JEE Ltd . 48, Gurul ipa Complex, M.I'. Nagar. ZOlle-lI, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355,4253455

6: .

Three rods maae of the samE!m;lterial and having the same crOsS.:seCnon flavE!':. ~.. '. joiried as shown Irithefig.E!lch rod of same length. The.left and right ends are ;~;":.... : . keplal O'C andSO'C respectively. The temperature of the junction ofthethi'ee .rOds O"C . . . will be' : . . .'. . ". [JEE (Ser;) 2001,1/35]. 9O"C .. (A) 45'C : .' (B) (C) 30'C" (0) 20'C

is

eeoc

eo'c

7.

The temperal~re of bodies X and V vary with time as shown in the figure. If . emis.sivity of bodies X.arld V are ex &ey and absorptive powers are Ax and A,.. (!issume olher Conditions are Identical for both):then:[JEE (Ser.) 2003, 3I84,-:-1J . (A) ey> ex' Ay > A. (il) ey < ex' Ay< Ax (C)
By

'0

f\o:

> ex; Ay <Ax'

(0)

e., < ex . Ay> Ax ~.

Woodennd .

Dt
in

8.

A contaIner open at th'e.top. Is made of a'perfectiy insulating malerial. .A wooden lid of thickness 5 x 1cr' in cjoses the top lighlly. 'Heated all at temperature T Isflowing'continuously through the container as shown In the figure. The outer surfa~ of the wooden lid attains' a constantlemperatuie 'of 127'C when the surroundings are at 27'C. Calculate IJEE (Main) 2003' 2 + 2160] (i) (ii) the radiation loss (in Js-' nr') fromlhe lid and.'

Oil out . . . '~.Oil '~

the temperatureT (in ~C)of the 011. ThE!thenna ..1,ciondUcliv~a.n.d ..,miSS ivily OfWOO~d;~. ...'of,.' , ..e ..... .... ~~~' 0.149 Wm-1 K-I and 0.6 respeclivelv, The va.IUS'. the Stefan's co.. stari.'.!l. of n 'fl\,';;", ifi;. ",
0= ~ ~ 10-"

Wnr'K"(N~lectheatlos~;'Conyectiori~g:~~'~~YI:~correctto

9.

. . the neareslwhole numberl~ . \~ ~~\ . .' . ~ ..... Two containers, one is having '"ice<; O'C ana other containing at '. -',.::\,' g waler at100'C are connected by two . . .. ~ identical rods. When rods are in Jl3rallellherale of healtransferls 0, and When rods are in series, the rale of he~tlransferis a:J.lhen;~.~Ci, willbe~: \. \ .;V[JEE(~r.) 2004'3184;-1]

...

r(\

..V. I ... ... '*)7

~

"i

10.

(C)~ .... .' 11,"" One end of a rod ()f lenQth L and cross-sectional area A IS kept In a furnace :~.()fl{mpelature TI.Jhe other end of the rod Is kept at a iemperature T. the
.

r~~.~::r: .. ~'",m"' e.: ,.~.~ (':i(t~ ':'(:\(BY~'. _,"'""'~"'.~:',':~

.4:, ;.:'.; : ..)

(A)2. ~....... "~(B~t 2 "',' (C) . 1 4 .(0) 1.4 '.' .' Three disCs same ma.terialA; B, C of radii2chi, 4 em and 6 em respeCtively are Coated with carbOnblack .

of

:3~

co.:I.I.~ .

(0) same fOrall .

'.'

"
T,

: 1h.~m.:.. ~ndUctivfty oflhe malerial of the rod.is K and emissivity of the rod ..... ., 1 e.r .. . a IS e,llls given thalT. = T, + 6.T,where 6.T :rs' T, being the temperalure otthEi'surrounding. If 6.T oc: (T, - Ts)' find the prOportionality constant. Consider thaI heal is 1051 only by radiation al the end Where lhetemperature oflhe rod is T.. [JEE (Main) 2004 ;4i60 marks)

furinance

,
.J~"

InslAm L'

(.V T.

T,

InsuIaIDr .

12.

Three graphs marked as 1, 2, 3 representing the vanation of maximUm emissive e: power.and wavelength of radialion of the sun, a welding arc and tungslen filament. .Which of Ihe following combination is correct [JEl:(Ser.)~2005, 3184,":1 J .

.. '.

. ~11.

(A) 1-billb, 2 ~.welding arc, 3 ~ sun (C) 3- bulb, 1 ~ welding arc, 2 ~sun 13.

(B).2- bulb, 3 ~welding arc: 1 ..sun . (0) 2~bulb, 1 ....welding arc, 3 ~ sun

In which of the following phenomenon heat cOnvection does not take pla~[JEE (Scr.) 2005; 3184, -1) (A) land and sea breeze' (B) bci6ng of water . (C)' heating of glass surface due 10 filament olthe bulb (0) air around the fumace

14.

.A metal rod AB of length

10 x has Its one end A In ice at OOC the other end B in waler al1 OO"C. If a point and P on the rodis maintained al400"C, then fi'is found thaI equal amountS1lf Water andice evaporate ~nd mell per unfi time. The lal.enl heal of evaporation.of iVaier is 540 callgand lalent.tieat meuing of ice.is aillg. If the point Pis al a distance of 1..xfrom the ice end A, find the value of )., [ Neglect any. heat lOssto the surrounding 1 . . [JEE; 2009, 4)160, -1]

qf

eo

FliT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa Complex, M.P. Nagar. ZOlle-lI, Ilhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355, 4253455

10

1S;

,'-. ,.'

't

'-

'Ifi" .~--.:.;.,tRE181! S '~8'. '" ".. gR~1'''':S 'lU::;."%C~ .,;w.u.lV(~

(35 nanometer

~ "': . ~,.~.
(AlEEE-2002, 41300) (4) photometer (AIEE:E-2002,4I300)

1. 2.

Infrared radiations are detected by , (1) spectrometer (2) pyrometer

Which of the following is more close to a black body? . (1) Black board paint. (2) Green leaves , (3) Black holes (4) Red roses Which of the following radiations has the least wavelength? (1)'Y-ray~ " ,,(2)~rays (3) a-rays ' ,','

3.

(A1EEE-2003, 41300) (4) X-rays/;~ olthe ' ~(Ale~,.,.,E',:2" ~13, 004, 00) . '1\' fUWY :

4.

If the termpreaiUre of the sun were to increasefroQ'l T to 2T and its radius from R to 2R.th~the,ratio radiant energy received on earth to what it was previously will be-At, (1)4 (2) 16 " ,(3) 32 '

'.

< 'v' 64 iF (~)

5.

The temperature of the two outer surfaces of a composite slab. copsisting 9! twq m!!teria!S K afld 21< and thickness x and 4x, respectively, and T2 and .,. T,(T,> T,). The rate of heat transfer through Ihe Sla~.;' \ \ ~

.,_,0.. "~T:>'--~:r~
(A(T - T )1<)

-'A.\it

,;e
"

A 4- x -

,"

"!~_.A
4

~.w

(1)1

p, ~!Ia
..
',7;.

\fh
ie<',''''

(3)2I}':)I

(4),"

6.

Tne figure shows a system of ~o concentric spheres of radII r, and r2 and kept at 1-'t. temperatlire T, and T,. r~spectiv.ely. The I'?dlcal rate of flow of heat In a substance ,betWeen the tWoc:oncenm6 spheres is proportional to : (A1EEE-2005.4I300]
r ,ii.,
v ,'.

:'0~: ,.;.,:, .. r .,-~.V~ V ~

iF ,'y"
~x ~ '\

'
(3) r,r2 -(,) (4)(r. - r,)

':,',,(r2-. l) (1) . , ,.~~,r2)

T ',,',)..

v:

':y

I (r2) (2) n(r,)(r2

7.

Assuming the sun to be a spherical body of radius R at a temperature of T K, evaluate the total -- ',:'> '" te.(jiarit power, incident on Earth. at a distance rfrom the Sun. (earth radius = rJ (A1EEE-2006; 311RO) 2 4 R2 T4' 41tr2R2crT4 m'2R2crT4 r R'crT (1) _0" _' (2) 0 (3) 0 (4) ~o 2 __ r2 r2 r2 41tr
.
'

8.

One end of a th,ermally insulated rod is kept at a temperature T 1 and the other at T,. T The ro~ is composed of two sections of lengths L, and L, and thermal conduclivi. lies k, and k, respectively. The temperature at the interface of the sections is ' (AIEEE-2007; 3/120) K,

I'

L,

L, K,

(1)

(K,L2 T,+K,L,T,l (K,L, +K,L,l

(3)

(K,Lz T, +1<,L,T,) (KIL, + K,L,)

(4)

(K,l., T, + K, LzT,) (K,L, + K,L,)

9.

A long melallic bar is carrying heat from one of its ends to the other end under steady-state, The variation 0 temperature along the length x of the bar from its hot end is best described by wh ich of the following figure (AIEEE-2009, 41144)'

t
,

I' ,,

(3)~,

(4):D4253355,4253455 II

FliT-JEE Ltd., 48, GLlrukripa Complex, M.I'. Nagar, ZOLle-II,Bhopal (M.I'.),l'h.:

Answers

A 4.2

:."

Section (~) :
81. 15W/m-'C

Section (e) :
C 1.
.I

12.C/s

,Section (0):
02. O.73W.

11.

Required proportJonalily constant = ( -K - ~ 1 (A) 13. (C) 14. 9 15. 9

. 4llo{T,' )-' S

6.

. KnR,R,(THL

To)

7.
10.

5500ln '9
(e) 1: 4, (b) 2.9 : 1

10

8. 9.

3.6W/m-'C 22W

1: . 5. 9.

(2)' (4) (1)

2. 6.

(1) (3)

3. 7.

(1) (3)

4. 8.

(4) (3)

FliT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa

Complex, M.P. Nagar, Zone-II, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355, 4253455

12

p;;:~~ ';'j..l,;,.,.
j., \.,!

-Single choice type

1,

Mal
'. . .'

2.

3.

4.

Heat is flowing througli two cylindrical rods made of same materials whose ends are maintained at similar lemperatures. If diameters of the rods are in'ratio 1 : 2 and lengths in ralio 2 : 1, then the ratio of thermal current through them in steady state is : (A) 1 : 8 (B) 1 : 4 . (C}1 : 6 . (D) 4: 1 Two rods of same dimensions, but made of different materials arejoined 'endto end with their free ends being maintained at 1oere and OOC respectively. The temperature of the junction is 70'C. Then the lemperature of the junction If the rods are Inlerchanged will be equal to: (A) 10'C (B) 300C (C) 9O"C (D)40"C The ends of a metre stick are maintained a11000Cand O'C. One end of a rod is maintained aI25C. Where should its other end be louched on the metre stick so thaI there Is no heal current in the rod in steady state? (A) 25 cm from llle hot end (B) 40 cm frO!'(1 cold end the "",',.f,tJ>" . (C)2Scmfromthecoldend ." . (Dl.60cmfromthecoldend A calorimeter contains SOg of waler al 50'C. The temperature falls to 4~C in 10 minUtes"Wh~the calorimeter contains 100 g of water at 50'C, it takes 18 minutes for the IE!mperature10becomeAS'C,thEm the waler equivalent of Ihe calorimeter is : (Assume rate of heat transfer'tobeconstant) ~ .~. :;~

f:i .11.:","
A', .. '

s.

~~~~I~C sphere haVin~B~~i~~ ~.08 m and ma~~)~~10k9 is het1~ ~~f;':~eralur:~i~?~.~'a~ suspended inside a box whose walls are at a temperalure of 27\C. Tne maximum rate afwhich its temperature will fllil is:. \7 Ji:rJi.. ~T:~e2eJ~~le;;Cf~~'rte)onstant G" ~1~ Wm" K,\Cd:~ifiC he~~~e{n~= 90 callkgldeg

,8 ',,,~

6.

(Al .055 'Clsec (8) .0~6~Clsec(C):044 'Clsec.(fND) 0.03 'C/sec A cylinder of radi~s R made of. a material bf thermal con:luclivity K, is surrounded by a cylindrical shell of inner radius R &n,9.oufer.rad.il.l~2~ made:of a malertal'ofthem1'al condu.ctivity K,. The two ends oflhe combined system are maintained at!Wo dl~rent temperatures. There IS no loss of heal across the cylindrical surface ar,dlhesystem is irf steady state. Th~effective thermal conductivity oflhe system

'
j

is:

\J,'~~' . (~)~,+K,l~\ \~)rKl~~~' V (e) K +:. .

(t~ \~!., \
o~
K
1
". '.

[JEE'SS.2]

(D)3K:;t<..

7.4'The
dF

earth receives.at its surface radiation from the sun at the rate 1400W/m'. The distance of the . # centre.ollhe.sun from the surface-of earth is 1.5' 1011 m and the radius of the sun is 7.0 x 10. m. The W; iempeia!ure Ihe sun. trealing it as a black body. is approximately: . (Stefan's constant Is 5,{l7 x 10-8W/m2K' ):-' {JEE 1989) (A) 5000 K \./ (8) 5800 K (C) 6800 K (D) 7000 K ~ . 3 rods, of identical cross-sectional area and made from the same metal form the sides of an isosceles .;' i':' ":!rian91~ ABC. righl angled al B. The points A and !3 are maintained at temperatures T and (./2) T resPectively. In the steady state, the temperature of lhe point C is T,. Assuming that only heat conduction takes place T,fT is : [JEE, 95,1)
(A) -21

(./2-I)

(B)

-12+1

.,

(C)

./2-1 J).

(D)

.~1

<10 solid metallic spheres 5, and 5 are made of the same material and have got Identical surface finish. The mass of 5, is thrice that 5,. Both the spheres are heated to the same high temperature and placed in the same room having lower temperature but are thermally insulated from each other. the ratio of the initial rate 01 cooling of 5, to that o,fS, is [1995 5) .

01

I,

wi
10.

(B)*
~GQ

~~
~~

~~
~~~.

A spher!cal blB"J\ body with a radius of 12 cm radiates 450 W power at 500 K. II the radius were halvea and the tem~-eraturedoubled, the power radiated in watt.would be. [JEE '96)

wm

11.

_1tensity .of radiation emitted by the Sun has its maximum value at.a wavelength of ., -,:1 and thiltemitted by the North star has the maximum value at 350 nm.lfthese stars behave like blaCKbodies, then the ratio of the surface temperatures of the Sun and the North star is: [JEE'91;1) (A) 1.46 (B)Q.69 (C)1.21 (D)0.83 .

IT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa Complex, M.P. Nagar, ZOlle-II, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355,4253455

13

ie,
1 " A hollow tube has it length I, inner radius R ahdouter radius R,. The material has thermalconducliVitYK' Find rate of heat flowing throullh the walls 0 !I1etube if the flat ends are maintained at !emperatures T, andT.(T. >T,). ' , ,

2.
3.

CalcUlate!I1emai conduCtance'for radial flow of an annular cylinder of leng!l1 i and inneiand, outer radius r, and r. Assume that !I1ermal conduclivilyolthe material is K.

' .~.'

I .I

Calculate thermal conductance for radial flow of a spherical shen of inner and o~ter radiUSr, and r. Assume thattherm'al conductivity olthe materialis K " ' A metallic cylindrical vessel ~ose inner andouter ra~ii are r and r,!s fiulid with ice at oOC. The mass olthe ice in the cylinder is m. Circular portions of the cyUnderis sea ed witn' completely adiaba~c walls. The vessel ;s kept in air. Temperature of the air is 50"C. Find time elapsed for the ice to melt completely. (Thermal conductivity of the cylinder is k, its length is i. Latentheat of fusion is L). "

4.

5.

A uniform cylinder of length L and thermal conductivity k is placed on 'a metal plate of thesaR1e area 5 of mass m and infinite conduclivity. The ~pecific heat of,the plate is c. The top of the cylinder is maintained at To. Find the time required for the temperature of the plate to rise from T; to T. (T, < T.~Tt.~ ' Assume that the total surface area of a human body is 1.6 m' and that~i(radiates like.aniaeal radiator. Calculate the amount of energy radiated per second by the body If thebexlttemperaiure is'3rC:'Sl(!fan :s:~a~so~'~:o~:::~:-::;~~:: :~:~i~~ityOf.0.55 and (a) At what rate is radiation emilted by the radiator when its temperllture is 50.C?F , (b) At what rate is the radiation absorbed by the radla.lorWhen the wal)s of the rocimilie at 22.C? (c) What is the net rate of radiationlrom The radi~~.~tefan cc.h~~~t.ii6 x 10:'"~1TI~7~')

6.

7.

it~J;~ ..'~ ,
V

A man, the surface area ofwho.se'skln IS 21)1',ISsilting In a room where the air temperature IS20.C. If the skin temperature is 28.C-:'Fin'd thenel rate at which his body loses heat. , [Take the emissivity otskin 0.97 and stephen'S constant: 5:67 x ,10" W/m2- K' ~%i\. ' V'\ 'ij' ih .'if ' 9. An electric heater'is. used in a room'of totarwall area.j 37 m'to maintain a temperature of 20.C inside it when ou!J;iqe temp~ratureis -1 O.C\Thewalls have ihree different layers of materials. The innermost layer is-o'! wood of thickneSs 2.5 cmlJhe'llliddle layer is of cement of thickness 1.0 cm and the o.u,termb~t layer~s of iirt~ko! tllickness <~5c.!l".Find the power of tile electric heater:' /(A .. s.~.ume~hat tll~ re is nl'he.at.lpss through,the floor and the ceiling. The Thermal conductivities of ... , f:;f;/lf~d, cem\n!,~~~,~rick af.\",~'~' 1.5 and 1.0 W/mC. respectively)., '[liT 1986)

8.

,>'"

<.:""

1o~?\C~i~::~~~~;~~:~~in~~~xi:l:~t;h~:!s~!;~~~:~~~E::;J~:~~~ ~ and lhe heal flow density, ' ,

11.:."T~~unks of metal with heat capacities C, and ~l' are interconnected by a rod ~f length l a~d crosss~ctional area 5 and fai~y low heat conductivity K. The whole system is thermally insulated from the environment At a moment t = 0 the temperature difference between the two chunks of metal equals (t.T)o' Assuming the heat capacity of,the rod to'b'e negligible. find the temperature difference between the chunks as a function of time. '

1. 8. 1

Answers
2. 9. (B) (0)

(A) (B)

3.
10.

(C) (0)

4. 11.

'(Ai (B)

5.

(B).'

6.

(C)

7.

(B) ,

K1t(R~R~)(T2'" Tt) -

21ttk
tn(r2/r,) ,

4"kr,r2

,_'

(r.)1

2.
6 9.

3.
7. ' 10.

(r2 -r,)

4.

t-

mLin r, V10ll1tkt

5.
8,

meL to(To ~ Tt) KS To-Ti 92.2W

887 J 9kW

539 W, 375 W, 164 W

T (x) T, (TIT,)""; q = (a/i) in (TIT,)

11.

, t.T = (t.T)e .where a = (1/C" + 1/C.) SKU'

Complex, M.P. Nagar, Zone-II, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph. : 4253355, 4253455 14

FliT-JEE Ltd . 48, Gurukripa

:>7J!i,'1r~T~
.' ;

,'-

.~~',;: .

, Iti.',:;
T . ', ",.

.,

. ",,"',

... ""--

, .r.-, .

'

"J~"

~ ".

j:'i\ftlltfsoldIIQ":

. ..

s.

1.

Thermal resistance R =

KA'.

lnitialteinpetiilure dlfferel1ceis maxlmum& hence initial rate fanotiemperature is m~ximum

de

..

. mSdt" ;' 4nrOa (T' _ - T. ) de 4nrza ::)-=.--(T'

dt

for same temperature differenCe,thermal . 1 cu.lTenta R.

ms--

-T'

4n(.OS)2X5.SX10-8 . . 10x90x4.2 .(5004-3004)

= 0.066 .C Isec

2.

K,
.I__
O'G

='.
70.C

K,

.~S"I
100.C

~=

70-0

100-70 R. Rz => R,

= 3/7 ::)

i, ItlS a'parall~I'combinati6R of two rOd, R, = Thermal resistance of.inner cylinder

I

R,

K,nRz

. R, = Thermal resistance of outer ~'Ylinder

t .
"

R = z Rz = K ,. z , Kz(nRz -ll , ). z(n4R -ltR )

3.

25 em.from coid end is at 25<C '<'(sinCiitemperature gradient is 1'Clem) .:: rod shound be touched at this point to ensure no heallransfer.

..

- K,3nR'

----

1 1 1 +R - R, R,

4.

Assuming rate of heatlransfer to be constant. s.{m, + w) liT = 0, . where s = specific heat of water = 1.glee s.(m, + w}l1T = 0, w = water equivalent of calorimeter (50+w)s => Oz = (100+w)s

3K 41<,., = K, + 3Y" K = K, +4

7.

1= 1400Wlm'

Letpowerofsun=P

P=aeAT'

a,

50+w =.100+W

IntensitY at earth surface I = 4ltdz = 1400 P = 1400 4ll (1.5 x 10")' 1400 x 4lt(1.5 x 10"}'=aeAT' A=,4ltR; e = 1 1400 X 4n x (1.5 x 10")' = s(1) 4ltRs""
.

. a,
but O2

t, = t;=

10 50+w 1S.= 100+w

::) 50 = 4w

=>w= 12.5g

T- r L
_

1400(1.5x10")'

0(7x10.)'

'/4

- 5S00 K

FliT-JEE Ltd . 4~, Gurukripa

Complex.M.I'.

Nagar, Zone-II, Bhopal (M.I'.), I'll.: 4253355,4253455

15

. v.

A.

"-.;;
C MUMIn atJir

"~
Incoming Heal current al C " Oulgoing Heal current from C

,.

.',.
2.

IdR"

'.

. dr 2it rtk

Solving R"

in r2/r1 .
211

t k.

1 G= R .

@
,.
. .

.dr';

3.
T --- ( 3T ) c- ../2+1 .

. fdR

"f"
.

K .. _.

R"4 ... 'r ,k llJ1 2

(rA

"

411 -r2

dr ..
k

9.

S"T S"T mL=e2 ~

;O,) .
.

time.
,

Where L = lalenl heat of fusion . .

mLx R
_

mltn
211

r2/r,

Time =(92

91) =

l k.50

5.

The whole metal plate wiII.always be at uniform temperature (T) since ii has infiinite conductivity.

10.

Ihen,

-mc

dt "

dT

ks(To- T)
l

R" 12 em p "450W" <reA(500)' P' " oe (A/4) 16 (500)' "4 <reA(500)' "4 x 450 W" 1800 W 11.. 350 nm. bywein's law (A""",). T. " (A_)NS TNS Ts 350 TNS "510

, -mc

It

T,To-Tlo
'_ . -

dl --"

ks -fdt
I

In (To - T2 )
To - T1
~ I" .

ks

mcl

V-l " 510nm. (1""",).;..._"

_mcl_ lnl_T.~0_-_T2~'1 ksTo - T1 e"1 (6 N 10-")(1) 1.6 m2(310)' .

"51" 0.69

35

6.

A"1.6m'
dQ

dt "P aeA T'" = 887 J

FIIT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa

Complex, M.P. Nagar, Zone-II, Bhopal (M.P.), Ph.: 4253355, 4253455

1(,

7.i..

(a) (b), (c)

e'a AT4 = 0:55 x 6.x 10-8 x 1.5x (323)4 =53~W .' ':'" " eaAT"s;.,.=O:55x'6x 1()'-8 15x(295)4 ,=375W':, . 539~~75='164W'

dO

11...7t"

= T{T, -T

Ks

2)

where T 1 and T" iire temperatureS of ~'chunks as function of lime 'f.' , ' .
'

'

8.
9. '

e is A(T4- T\,ino~ingol =0.97 ,x5,67 x 10-8.2 ,(3014-29J4) = 92.2 W, , A=137m2

~C dT,=Ks

(T - T) ,
2

'dl,l' 'dT,
C'-'-dt ,

='l' -,

,'Ks "
(T - T) 2.

.
IH=

'dQ

dt

~0... +-10)
=

,
= 9kW

R,+R:z+R3

or
-'1O'C B!Jeks Cement' Wood 20'C

or

where

10,'

or

T(x)= T, ...l. ' , T,

. (T )Xlt

q=--

1 dO A dt

FIIT-JEE Ltd., 48, Gurukripa Complex, l\'l.P. Nagar, Zone-II, Bhopal (l\'l.P.), Ph.: 4253355,4253455

17