LI M U

Nh chng ta du bit,trong cuc sng sinh hot hng ngy cng nh trong hot dng sn xut kinh doanh,d lun lun ch ngn nga phng nhng con ngi vn lun lun phi i mt vi nguy c ri ro trong mi lnh vc.Cc ri ro xy ra c th do nhiu nguyn nhn nh ri ro do mi trng,thin nhin,x hi nh:bo lt,hn hn, ng t,bnh dch,tai nn....Tt thy mi ri ro u e do n kh nng ti chnh ca mi c nhn,nhng con ngi khng may gp tai nn. ngn nga,khc phc nhng ri ro trn ngi ta ngh n vic tai sao khng on kt cng ng,lin hp nhiu ngi li chia s mt mt vi nhng con ngi km may mn ?Mt c th hay mt tp th nh nu n phng gnh chu nhng hu qu nng n ca mt him ho th thit hi c th qu ln thm ch c th dn ti ph sn. Nhng nu phn tn c cho nhiu ngi th ri ro c th bt nng n, ai ny u c th gnh chu d dng m khng nh hng g n i sng v hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca c nhn mnh. Nh vy xt trn din rng l c cng ng th hnh ng ny tn dng c ti a mi ngun lc x hi v li ch x hi thu c l rt ln. nim cng ng ho cc ri ro pht sinh dn ti hnh thnh cc Cng ty bo him. Cc cng ty bo him c th hiu nh mt t chc ti chnhm hot ng ch yu nhm bo v ti chnh cho nhng ngi tham gia hp ng bo him trong trng hp xy ra cc ri ro v t vong thng tt, tui gi, ti sn hay cc ri ro khc. Mt khc, ngy nay khi nn kinh t hng ho - tin t ngy cng pht trin th ngi ta cn bit n cc cng ty bo him nh cc t chc phi
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ngn hng m trong n thc hin chc nng nh mt trung gian ti chnh, tc l gp phn gii quyt hin tng tha thiu vn din ra thng xuyn trong nn kinh t, m bo cho qu trnh tun hon vn c din ra troi chy v nhanh chnh. Ni tm li chng ta c th hiu cc cng ty bo him l mt t chc hot ng ch yu nhm bo v ti chnh cho nhng ngi tham gia bo him trong nhng trng hp ri ro cam kt xy ra hay l mt loi hnh t chc ti chnh phi ngn hng ng vai tr quan trng tong vic khi ngun vn t nhng ngi cho vay - nhng ngi tit kim ti nhng ngi i vay - nhng ngi chi tiu y nh mt ngn hng. N cn c th hiu nh mt t chc tit kim theo hp ng. Bo him ra i t rt lu trn th gii v xut hin u tin nc Anh. Vit nam di thi k php h nm 1918 Php thc hin bo him cho cng nhn vin chc b tn tt. n nm 1945 ch tch H Ch Minh k xc lnh v BHXH, cho n nm 1965 tng cng ty Bo Him vit nam ra i gi tt l Bo vit. y l n v kd bo him u tin Vit Nam vi hnh thc l Bo him nh nc. Nht l t khi c ngh nh 100CP v BHTM th hng lot cng ty BHTM ra i v t n nay nganh bo him ca Vit Nam khng ngng pht trin v ng gp to ln cho ngn sch nh nc. c bit l gn y(thng 8 nm 1996)Bo Vit trin khai mnh m nghip v mi, l bo him nhn th, y l nghip v BH rt thit thc v hiu qu trong cuc sng v n va mang tnh tit kim va mang tnh Bo him ri ro.

Vi nhng u im ca bo him ni chung v bo him nhn th ni ring th vic tham gia loi hnh ny lun l vn cn thit. Bo Him Nhn Th l loi hnh Bo him con ngi mang tnh cht mt nghip v Bo him bo m phn tn ri ro theo qui lut s ng trong Bo him, ng thi cn l mt hnh thc tit kim c k hoch. Mc ch chnh ca Bo him nhn th l tr s tin rt ln ngay khi ngi tham gia Bo him mi tit kim c s tin nh. Qu Bo him c hnh thnh trn c ng gp chung ca cng ng ngi htam gia Bo him, trong qu trnh s dng n to ra khon li cho nh Bo him, n c s dng ht vo vic tr tin Bo him khi c s c bo him xy ra. Thc t Vit Nam hin nay lm th no d cho mi ngi hiu bit r v Bo Him nhn th v thy c li ch to ln ca n t thu ht c nhiu ngi tham gia Bo him nhn th ln v hiu qu s dng ca n c ngha i vi i sng x hi, y l mt vn ang gp nhi kh khn n phi c s quan tm chung ca mi t chc x hi, khng ch ring ngnh Bo Him. Xut pht t nhng suy ngh nn vic chn ti Bn v nghip v Bo him nhn th v cc loi hnh Bo him nhn th ang c trin khai Vit Nam hin nay l rt thit thc v c ngha to ln v mt l lun trong lnh vc Bo him ni chung v trong Bo him nhn th ni ring. Ni dung bi vit bao gm: Phn A: L lun chung.

I-

Bo him nhn th v nguyn tc hot ng.

II - S cn thit v tc dng ca Bo him nhn th. III - Cc loi hnh Bo him nhn th c bn. Phn B: Nhng ni dung c bn v loi hnh Bo him nhn th ang c trin khai nc ta hin nay. IBo him nhn th Vit Nam - kh nng v trin vng pht trin. II - Bo him nhn th c thi hn hn hp v chng trnh AN SINH Gio Dc. III - Mt s kin xut.

Phn A
L Lun Chung
Bo him nhn th c bit ti t th k16 v chnh thc ra i t nm1583. Hp ng u tin ra i ti nc Anh. Cng ty Bo him nhn th ra i u tin ti chu M(1579). Tuy vy lc u cng ty ny ch bn cho cc con chin nh th cho nn nhiu tng lp dn c trong x hi cha bit n. Nm 1762 cng ty Bo him nhn th nc Anh c thnh lp v bt u bn Bo him nhn th cho tt c mi ngi dn. Bt u t nm ny mi ngi dn trong x hi mi bit n Bo him nhn th v dn dn cho n ngy nay Bo him nhn th cc nc pht trin cha tng thy. Gp phn ng k vo GDP ca quc gia. V vy ta cn lm r vn c bn sau:
IBo him nhn th v nguyn tc hot ng:

1- Bo Him Nhn th l g? a- Khi nim: Bo him nhn th l s cam kt gia cng ty bo him vi ngi tham gia bo him m trong cng ty bo him c trch nhim tr s tin bo him (s tin bo him) cho ngi tham gia khi ngu tham gia c nhng s kin nh trc (chng hn nh: cht thng tt ton b vnh vin, ht hn hp ng, sng n mt thi hn nht nh. Cn ngi tham gia Bo him c trch nhim np ph Bo him y v ng thi hn.
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Nh vy Bo him nhn th c hiu nh mt s bo mmt hnh thc tit kim v mang tnh cht tg h. Mi ngi mua hp ng Bo him nhn th (thng gi l ngi c BH) s nh k tr nhng khon tin nh ( gi l ph BH) trong mt thi gian di tho thun trc (gi l thi hn BH) vo mt qu ln do cng ty BH qun l, v cng ty BH c trch nhim tr mt s tin ln nh trc(gi l s tin bo him) cho ngi c bo him khi ngi c Bo him t n mt tui nht nh, khi kt thc thi hn Bo him hay khi c mt s kin xy ra ( ngi c Bo him kt hn hoc vo i hc hoc ngh hu... ) hoc cho thn nhn v gia nh ngi c Bo him nu khng may h cht sm hn. S tin ln tr cho thn nhn v gia nh ngi c hp ng Bo him nhn th khi khng may h cht sm ngay khi h mi tit kim c mt khon tin rt nh s gip nhng ngi cn sng chi tr nhng khon phi chi tiu rt ln nh tin thuc thang, bc s, tin ma chay, khon tin cn thit cho nhng ngi cn sng, chi ph gio gic cho con ci nui dng cho chng nn ngi. Chnh v vy Bo him nhn th c coi l mt hnh thc bo m v mang tnh cht tng h, chia x ri ro gia mt s ng ngi vi mt s t ngi trong s h phi gnh chu. Vi tnh cht nh mt hnh thc tit kim, hp ng Bo him nhn th gip cho mi ngi, mi gia nh c mt k hoch ti chnh di hn thc hin tit kim thng xuyn c k hoch. Vi x hi nh mt hnh thc Bo him, Bo him nhn th gp phn xo b nhngi ngho, kh khn ca mi gia nh khi khng may ngi tr ct trong gia nh mt i. Nh mt hnh thc tit kim, vic trin khai Bo him nhn th l mt hnh
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thc tp trung ngun vn tit kim di hn trong nhn dn, gp phn to nn ngun vn u t di hn trong nn kinh t. Bo him nhn th c coi l mt hnh thc tit kim di hn nhng khng phi l hon ton ging ht nhau. Trong gc nghin cu ta cn phn bit r v hai hnh thc ny v n rt thit thc v gn gi v i sng ca chng ta. Thc t Bo him nhn th xt v mt tch cc c nhng im ging v khc nhau so vi hnh thc tit kim. b- S ging v khc nhau gia Bo him nhn th v gi tin tit kim: + Ging nhau: - Gia gi tin tit kim v Bo him nhn th l u thu ht c mt lng tin mt rt ln nm mi c quan dn, mi thnh phn kinh t, mi htnh phn dn c t to lp c mt qu. Qu ny u gp phn u t pt cho nn kinh t t gp phn chng lm pht, to thm cng n vic lm cho mi ngi trong x hi. - Ngi gi tin tit kim khi kt thc k hn gi th dc nhn mt hon tin gc v mt khon li xut nht nh. Bo him nhn th khi kt thc cc hp ng trong i a s cc nghip v ngi tham gia cng c nhn mt khon tin np cho Bo him ng thi cng c thm mt khon li do u t ngun vn ca cng ty Bo him mang li. - Gia gi tin tch kim v Bo him nhn th u gp phn tch cc cho tng trng v pht trin kinh t, khc phc nhng kh khn to iu kin thun li cho mi ngi lao ng v sinh hot hng ngy c mt tng lai m bo n nh, thu ht
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nhng ngun vn nhn ri cn tn ng trong dn c m cha c trin khai. V vy m c hai hnh thc ny u c nh nc bo h. + Khc nhau: - Mc ch: c hai hnh thc khc nhau nhiu im nhiu kha cnh. Gi tin tit kim mc ch chnh l nhn li sut v thng c nhn trong mt thi gian th k nht nh. Bo him nhn th mc ch khng ch mang tnh cht tit kim ly li m cn khc phc nhng ri ro. Ngha l Bo him nhn th cn mang tnh cht tng h, tnh x hi to ln. - Tnh cht: . Gi tin tch kim hon ton mang tnh kinh t . Bo him nhn th ngoi tnh cht kinh t ra n cn mang tnh cht x hi r rt. - Phng th gi v np: . Gi tit kim: c tin hnh khi ngi c tin mang i gi phi n cc qu tit kim hoc ngn hng lm th tc. . Bo him nhn th c u th hn l lm th tc v k kt hp ng ti nh. - Ngi nhn quyn li tin gi tit kim v ngi nhn s tin Bo him nhn th. Trong gi tit kim ngi nhn v ngi gi l mt hoc ngi tha k hp php.

Trong Bo him nhn th ngi tham gia Bo him v ngi nhn s tin bo him c nhiu khc nhau. c th: - i vi hot ng Bo him nhn th c thi hn: thng th ngi tham gia v ngi nhn l nh nhau, ch khi ngi tham gia khng may b cht th ngi nhn l ngi khc. - i vi hp ng ASGD th ngi tham gia v ngi nhn l khc nhau. 2- Nguyn tc hot ng ca Bo him nhn th: Ta bit v nguyn tc ca Bo him nhn th ni chung c rt nhiu im khc bit v n phi da trn s tnh ton chnh xc t l cht ca dn s. Qua y ta thy c nguyn tc hot ng ca Bo him nhn th c biu hin nh sau: Nguyn tc va Bo him va tit kim: tc l hp ng s c k kt vi ngi tham gia. Ngi tham gia Bo him nhn th s tu chn ly s tin bo him s nhn v sau v t s thc hin ng ph theo mc quy nh v np ph theo (thng qu, nm..). khi ht hn hp ng Bo him ngi tham gia Bo him c nhn ton b s tin bo him. l mc trch nhim ti a m cng ty Bo him phi tr, ngoi ra h cn c nhn thm mt khon li sut t hot ng u t vn ca cng ty Bo him nhn th. V vy ngha tit kim ca Bo him nhn th l ch khc vi loi hnh Bo him khc, ngi tham gia Bo him chc chn c nhn s tin bo him vo ngy kt thc ca hot ng..Cn ngha bo him ca Bo him nhn th l nu ng tham gia Bo him nhn th b thng tt ton b vnh vin do tai nn th cng ty s dng thu ph nhng hp ng

vn c duy tr v cng ty Bo him s tr ton b s tin bo him khi ht hn hot ng. Mt khc hot ng ca Bo him nhn th cng da trn quy lut s ng b s t, c th l trong trng hp ngi tham gia khng phi ng ph nhng hot ng vn c duy tr. Khi Bo him nhn th s da vo s ng ngi xan x b p s thiu ht v khc phc dn trong nhiu nm. N th hin tnh cht x hi ho rt cao ng thi cn mang c tnh nhn o nhn vn cao c bi v Bo him nhn th lun bn cnh mi c nhn, mi tp th..nhng lc h gp kh khn. Ta c th suy ngm xem: mi khi ta chun b lm mt vic tn trong nhng nm ti m trong tay cha c tin ; ri khi phi chun b mt khon tin ln phng khi gia nh c ma chay hiu h hoc l vo hon cnh phi nng ta vo u nu ta l ngi c thu nhp chnh trong gia nh nay khng cn c thu nhp na. Hn na ta mun c thm mt c tnh kin tr v thi quen tit kim. thc hin c nhng cng vic th Bo him nhn th lun l tm l chn hu hiu gip ta thc hin mong mun . Bo him nhn th cn m bo c nguyn tc trung thc v tn nhim tuyt i, lun to c hi v h tr cho ngi tham gia c c nhng ch li ch thc, m bo cho c hai bn cng c li.
IIS cn thit v tc dng ca bo him nhn th:

1- Ti sao cn thit mua bo him nhn th C th khng nh rng cc sn phm bo him nhn th chc chn mang li li ch cho cc ch hp ng khi h tham gia.
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Mt khc cn gp phn tng trng v pht trin kinh t. Tuy nhin p dng Vit Nam nghip v ny cho thy bo him nhn th ra i p ng c nhng vn c bn sau: Trng hp ngi tham gia khng may b cht, gia nh c tin tr n tr nhng khon chi ph mai tng chn ct. B p dc nhng khon thu nhp thng xuyn cho gia nh. Khi ngi ch gia nh b cht hoc l ngi tham gia l ngi c thu nhp chnh trong gia nh nay khng cn c thu nhp na. Trng hp ngi tham gia khng may b thng tt vnh vin hoc b m au, gia nh s c tin chi ph cu cha (nh tin thuc, tin nm vin, phu thut). i vi cuc sng bnh thng: gia nh s c tin tr hc ph v cc khon l ph khc trong trng hp cn hc i hc, ci xin, khi nghip kinh doanh... V c c khon tin tr n nu mua mt ngi nh mi. Ngoi ra cn c c mt khon tin ln khi v hu ng tin gp phn tng thm tch lu ngn sch cho gia nh. i vi hot ng ca cc doanh nghip bo him nhn th gp phn b p thit hi cho cc doanh nghip do ngi ch dn khng may b cht th s c tr s tin bo him m d c chn trc cho ngi c hng quyn li BH. Trng hp tai nn dn n thng tt ton b vnh vin th s c tr s tin BH v hp ng vn c duy tr min ph vi y cc quyn li BH khc v tng nm s c chia thm li t kt qu u t ph bo him nhn th ca cng ty. 2- Tc dng: Bo him nhn th ra i c nhiu tc dng tuy vy c th khi qut mt s tc dng ch yu sau:
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i vi tng c nhn v gia nh, n th hin s quan tm lo lng ca ngi ch gia nh vi ngi ph thuc, gia cha m vi con ci ng thi gp phn lm gim bt kh khn v mt ti chnh ca gia nh khi khng may gp ri ro. Tham gia bo him nhn th cng c ngha l tit kim mt cch thng xuyn c k hoch. Khi quyt nh mua mt hp ng bo him nhn th th nhng khon ph nh phi np hng thng trch t ngn sch ca mt gia nh c th coi nh nhng khon chi tin in, tin nc, tin nh... Trong iu kin kinh t pht trin v n nh nhng gia nh c thu nhp, chi tiu mc cao trch mt khon tin d mua bo him nhn th n khng nh hng n ton b qu trnh chi tiu trong mt thng ca gia nh v nh vy hng thng h tit kim c mt khon tin nht nh. Khon tin tit kim c thc cht to lp c ngun qu nht nh cho gia nh. Gp phn gio dc con ci vc tin chi dng khi v hu. i vi nn kinh t bo him nhn th thu ht c mt lng tin rt ln cn nhn ri nm tn mn cc tng lp dn c trong x hi. Lng tin ny khng ch c ngha tit kim chng lm pht m cn gp phn ng k vo ngun vn u t di hn gip nn kinh t tng trng v pht trin. Qua s liu thng k trn th gii nhng nm qua cho thy nghip v ny chim phn ln trong GDP ca mt s quc gia trong bng sau: n v: Triu USD

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Tn nc Hn quc Nht bn i loan M Anh

Tng ph 36, 1 320 9. 9 522 192

%bo him nhn th 79 73 69 41 64, 5

%so vi GDP 8, 68 5, 6 6, 0 3, 4 7, 1

i vi x hi: bo him nhn th gp phn to thm cng n vic lm cho ngi lao ng nng cao phc li cng ng. Nh hn quc c hn mt ngi lm vic cc cng ty bo him nhn th.
III- cc loi hnh bo him nhn th c bn:

1. Bo him sinh mng c thi hn: a. Khi nim v c im: - Bo him sinh mng c thi hn c hiu l loi hnh bo him m trong cng ty bo him c trch nhim tr s tin bo him cho ngi tham gia khi h khng may bi cht. l lc cng ty s thanh ton ton b s tin bo him. Bo him sinh mng l mt loi bo m tm thi v thi hn bo him c quy nh c th nh: 1, 5, 10 hoc hai mi mn hoc tui n 60, 65, 70 v c th l 75 tu theo tng cng ty hoc hp ng. V d: Mt ch thu xy dng u t mt phn ln ti sn ca mnh vo mt d n. Nu ng ta sng th s thu c mn li ln t d n, nhng nu khng may ng ta cht th vn u t ca ng ta s mt v gia nh ng ta s gp kh khn v ti chnh. V th ng ta c th mua hp ng bo him sinh mng c thi
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hn bo v cho cng vic u t xy dng ca mnh cho n khi hon thnh. c im: - S tin bo him tr mt ln v ch c thanh ton tin trong trng hp ngi tham gia bo him b cht trong thi hn bo him. - Thi hn xc nh - Ph bo him khng thay i trong sut thi hn bo him - Ph ng nh k Khc vi cc loi hnh bo him di hn khc nh bo him nhn th trn i v bo him nhn th hn hp. Hai loi hnh ny l loi hnh bo him di hn c gi tr hon li khi hu b hp ng hoc tr s tin bo him khi ht hn hp ng. b- Cc loi hnh bo him sinh mng: Bao gm cc loi hnh sau: +bo him sinh mng c s tin bo him c nh. +Hp ng bo him siinh mng c th ti tc +Bo him sinh mng c th thay i +Bo him sinh mng c s tin bo him gim +Bo him sinh mng c s tin bo him tng +Bo him mt gim thu nhp cho gia nh

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2- Bo him nhn th sut cuc i: a- Khi nim - c im: Bo him nhn th sut cuc i c s tin bo him s c tr khi ngi c bo him cht, vi iu kin ng ph bo him cho n khi cht v nu cht trc tui 100. Gi tr ca hp ng bo him nhn th sut cuc i tng u v s bng s tin bo him nu ngi dc bo him cn sng v np ph y cho n tui 100. Nu ch hp ng sng n 100 tupp v hp ng vn cn hiu lc nh hp ng bo him hn hp. Nh vy hp ng bo him trn i l mt hnh thc bo v l tng trong nhiu trng hp. nu so snh vi cc loi bo him di hn khc th loi nay cung cp s tin bo him ln nht, m ph bo him li nh nht, hp ng c u th chuyn i linh hot. Loi hnh na c 3 c iml: - S tin bo him c tr mt ln khi ngi tham gia bo him b - cht - Thi hn khng xc nh - Ph bo him ng nh k v khng thay i trong sut thi hn bo him b- Cc loi hnh: +Hp ng bo him nhn th trn i c s ph bo him ng mt ln +Hp ng bo him nhn th trn i c thay i +Bo him nhn th trn i c ph tng dn

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3- Bo him nhn th c thi hn hn hp: a- Khi nim- c im: Hp ng bo him nhn th hn hp cng l mt trong

nhng loi bo him di hn v c c trng ring bit ca mnh. hp ng ny p ng nhu cu ca nhng ngi mun c hp ng bo him nhn th c gi tr tin mt tng nhanh h c mt khon tin no trong tng lai. Loi hnh ny c 3 c im: +S tin bo him tr mt ln khi ht hn hp ng hoc khi ngi dc bo him b cht trong thi hn bo him. +Thi hn bo him xc nh. +Ph bo him ng nh k khng thay i trong sut thi hn bo him. Nh vy so snh vi tnh cht ca hp ng bo him nhn th trn i vi hp ng bo him nhn th hn hp ta thy. - Hp ng bo him nhn th trn i kt thc hp ng khi ngi c bo him n tui 100, hp ng bo him nhn th hn hp kt thc trc khi ngi c bo him n tui 100. - Hp ng bo him nhn th trn i bo v cho ngi c bo him n tui 100, hp ng bo him nhn th hn hp ch bo v trong thi gian trc khi ngi c bo him n tui 100. b- Cc loi hnh: Hin nay trn th gii ang thc hin nhiu loi hnh bo him nhn th hn hp nh sau: +Hp ng bo him nhn th hn hp 10 nm

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+Hp ng bo him nhn th hn hp 20 nm +Hp ng bo him nhn th hn hp 30 nm +Hp ng bo him nhn th hn hp chm dt ti tui 55 hoc 65 Ngoi ra trong bo him nhn th hn hp ngi ta cn phn loi theo phng php tr tin bo him bao gm: Loi 1: Bo him nhn th hn hp thng thng. Loi 2: Bo him nhn th him. Hin nay cng ty bo him nhn th - bo vit nhn thang trin khai hai nghip v bo him nhn th l: - Bo him nhn th c thi hn 5 nm, mi nm. - Bo him tr em- chng trnh an sinh gio dc- m bo cho tr em n tui trng thnh. C hai loi ny u thuc nhm bo him nhn th hn hp nn th hin rt r nt tnh kt hp gia bo him v tit kim. 4- Hp ng tin tr cp hu tr: a- Khi nim- c im: y l loi hnh m ph bo him ng ngay mt ln v cng ty bo him c trch nhim tr tr cp nh k cho ngi c bo him v hu cho n khi cht. Ngi ta thng kt hp dng bo him tr cp hu tr vi bo him hu tr. Khi v hu ngi c bo him c nhn s tin bo him ca hp ng bo him hu tr v mua ngay hp ng bo him tr cp hu tr m bo cuc sng khi v hu cho n khi cht. hn hp ng trc s tin bo

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b- Cc loi hnh: C hai loi tr cp hu tr l: +Tr cp theo s tin c nh. +S tin tr cp c th thay i.

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phn b
cc loi hnh bo him nhn th ang c trin khai nc ta hin nay
ibo him nhn th vit nam - kh nng v trin vng pht trin:

K t ngy thnh lp thnh cng ty n nay trong sut qu trnh trin khai nghip v cng ty chu nh hng ca rt nhiu nhn t thun li cng nh kh khn tc ng trc tip n tnh hnh hot ng v kh nng pht trin nghip v ca cng ty. Cng trong thi gian ny v cho n nay sau khong 2 nm hot ng, mi ch bng hai sn phm bo him nhn th c thi hn 5 nm, 10 nm v chng trnh bo him tr em- chng trnh an sinh gio dc kt lun quyt nh ca b ti chnh cho php Bo Vit trin khai cc sn phm ca bo him nhn th l ng lc v p ng c s mong i ca ng o qun chng(con s t n 30. 000 hp ng bo him nhn th c k kt trong phm vi ton quc). c c kt qu cc cn b trong vn phng cng ty, nhng cn b i l u t khng t cng sc thit k ra nhng sn phm v gii thiu v nhng sn phm ca mnh. Trong thc t c khng t khch hng thot u cn hoi nghi v sn phm bo him nhn th, cn so o tnh ton thit hn vi hnh thc gi vo tit kim nhng cui cng h thy c s hp dn ca bo him nhn th m cc loi hnh khc khng c c l quyn li bo him khi ri ro xut hin trong thi gian hp ng bo him c hiu lc, do vy h i n quyt nh tham

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gia bo him. Tuy nhin s lng hp ng bo him nhn th m Bo vit c c mi ch l kt qu ban u bi l: - Hp ng bo him nhn th l nhng hp ng di hn 5 nm, 10 nm, 17 nm... Do sn phm ch thc s c nh gi l tt vo thi im kt thc hp ng. - Trong thi gian hp ng c hiu lc, nu Bo Vit thng xuyn c nhng ci tin nng cao cht lng sn phm v phn u h gi thnh th chc chn s sm c c con s hng trm ngn hp ng. Cha k trn c s cc sn phm hin c, Bo Vit li phn ra mt lot cc sn phm bo him nhn th mi ph hp vi th hiu ca khch hng. Xu hng hot ng v trin khai bo him nhn th nc ta t c nhng kt qu kh quan. Song qua qu trnh hot ng ca mnh bo him nhn th gp nhng thun li v kh khn, c th nh sau: 1- Thun li: Th nht: Theo xu hng pht trin chung ca nn kinh t nc ta nhng nm gn y, thc hin cng cuc i mi nn kinh t trong nc bt u n nh v pht trin, i sng nhn dn ngy c nng nn. Tng ng vi mc thu nhp tng ln th nhu cu tit kim dnh cho tng lai cng tng ln. NHng do c th ca nhng khon tit kim nh ny ca ngi dn m cc hnh thc huy ng gi tin tit kim khc khng ph hp. Cho nn vi nhng u im ca mnh, chc chn bo him nhn th s pht trin Vit nam Th hai: Cng ty bo him nhn th l cng ty bo him thc thuc tng cng ty bo him Vit nam, do cng ty bo
20

him nhn th c tha hng uy tn hn 30 nm hot ng ca Bo vit em li. y l mt thun li m cng ty no cng c c. Th ba: Cng ty bo him nhn th c s quan tm theo di ca b ti chnh. Hin ti trong giai on u cng ty bo him nhn th l cng tyBo him duy nht c trin khai nghip v bo him nhn th trn a bn c nc, nn trc mt nghip v ca cng ty cha gp phi s cnh trnh no trn th trng khi cng ty mi bc vo hot ng cn cha mnh. Cng trong giai an ny b ti chnh tm thi khng tnh thu doanh thu vi hot ng kinh doanh nghip v bo him nhn th ca cng ty. y cng l yu t tch cc to iu kin cho nghip v ca cng ty c th pht trin. Th t: Cng ty c mng li cng tc vin l cc cng ty bo him a phng cc tnh trc thuc h thng Bo Vit. N d dng to cho cng ty trin khai nghip v rng khp trn c nc. Th nm: Cng ty hin l cng ty bo him u tin trin khai nghip v bo him nhn th nn rt c cc cng ty bo him nhn th nc ngoi quan tm hp tc hot ng. Do vy thi gian u cng ty c cc cng ty bo him nhn th nc ngoi cung cp cho nhiu ti liu nghin cu hc hi. Ngoi ra h cn to iu kin cho cn b cng ty i hc nng cao trnh nghip v. 2- Nhng kh khn: Th nht: Nhn chung nhn thc ca mi ngi v bo him nhn th cn hn ch, do vy vic trin khai m rng ca nghip v vn cn nhiu kh khn.
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Th hai: Ngi dn cha thc s tin tng vo gi tr ca ng tin sau mt thi gian di, do vy h ngh rng s tin nhn c trong tng lai s c gi tr gim i rt nhiu. Th ba: Vic chuyn i c cu kinh t sang nn kinh t th trng tuy c tc ng tch cc song cng to ra s phn ho su sc gia cc tng lp dn c, li khong cch giu ngho ln. Mc d nhng nm gn y thu nhp bnh qun u ngi c tng ln song thc t mc sng ca ngi dn lao ng v cn b cng nhn vin chc vn cn mc thp trong khi h l nhng ngi rt c thc tit kim cho tng lai nhng mc ph phn no khng ph hp vi kh nng ti chnh ca h. Th t: i ng cn b c chuyn mn c o to c bn cn t trong khi phm vi hot ng ca cng ty li qu rng. Do vy vic qun l rt kh khn i hi s ng cn b phi c nng lc. 3- Trin vng pht trin: qua gn hai nm trin khai nghip v Bo him nhn th trn ton quc, cng ty thu c mt s kt qu rt kh quan cho d l nhng bc i u tin. Nhn chung li nhn dn nh gi cao ngha ca sn phm bo him nhn th. Khc phc c nhiu mt yu, kh khn th cng ty s c mt tng lai pht trin th trng rng ln. Nh vic nng cao cht lng ca cng tc khai thc s dn ti s lng khch hng hiu bit v Bo him nhn th nhiu hn, s ngi tham gia bo him nhn th s tng ln. C th qua bng s liu ca nm 1996 cho bit kt qu khai thc nh sau:

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Bng 1: Kt qa khai thc theo loi hnh bo him nm 1996.

n v: Hp ng Tn g cn g 534

Loi hnh Tn cng ty bo him tr em Vn phng cng ty ti H Ni Cc cng ty bo him cc tnh Tng cng 579 315 264

Loi hnh bo him 5 nm 189

Loi hnh bo him 10 nm 81

249

167

371

438

248

1265

Ngun s liu: Cng ty bo him nhn th Do c s thay i trong khu khai thc m s lng hp ng tng ln r rt. Khng ch s lng hp ng tng ln m c cht lng hp ng cng tng ln: Trong 1265 hp ng bo him cng ty pht hnh nm 1996 th c: + 579 hp ng bo him tr em, chim 48% tng s hp ng nhn vo s liu ny th hp ng bo him tr em hp dn hn. + Hp ng 5 nm l 438, chim 31, 5%. + Hp ng 10 nm l 248, chim 21%. Mc d hp ng 5 nm ph cao hn hp ng 10 nm nhng s lng tham gia ng hn l v khch hng cha quen hp ng c thi hn di, h mun kt thc hp ng nhanh do trong s
23

hp ng 5 nm c rt nhiu ngi tham gia mc s tin bo him cao v ng ph theo nm. Trong 1265 hp ng vi s ph gn 1 t ng th c: + 65% s hp ng c s tin bo him t 10 triu n 20 triu ng. + 25% s hp ng c s tin bo him t 3 n 5 triu ng. + 10% s hp ng c s tin bo him trn 20 triu ng. S d nh vy thu nhp ca mi ngi ph hp vi mc ph ca s tin bo him t 10 n 20 triu ng. Nhng trong nm thng 1997, s lng hp ng c s tin bo him trn 30 triu ng tng ln 20% chng t mi ngi ch trng nhiu n Bo him nhn th, nht l nhng ngi c thu nhp cao m trc y h khng quan tm nhiu n bo him nhn th, v s tin bo him nhn c trong tng lai theo h khng phi l ln lm. S hp ng c s tin bo him t 3 triu n 5 triu ng gim xung khng cn nhiu ngi t thi nghi ng mua Bo him nhn th vi s tin bo him nh thm d. Nhn chung theo xu hng pht trin ca x hi, Bo him nhn th s pht trin mnh v mang ngha kinh t x hi ht sc to ln. Nhm mc tiu cp bch hin nay l huy ng ngun vn cho u t pht trin, phc v s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho v khuyn khch s pht trin ca Bo him nhn th Vit Nam cho ngang tm vi bo him nhn th ca cc nc trong khu vc c iu kin kinh t x hi tng t m lnh vc Bo him nhn th rt pht trin nh: Hn Quc, Malaixia, Philippin, Singapore...
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Theo quan im ca ti, Vit Nam trong thi gian ti Bo him nhn th s pht trin tt hn v theo kinh nghim mt s nc, thi gian u cc cng ty Bo him nhn th mi thnh lp ch bn c lng hp ng t v tng rt chm nhng sau bo him nhn th pht trin nhanh p ng nhu cu ca x hi. Mt khc khi trnh dn tr cng c nng cao th vic tham gia Bo him nhn th nh mt thi quen v l mt nhu cu khng th thiu th khi Bo him nhn th s thc s vng mnh.
Bng 2: Thng k ph bo him nm 1993 mt s nc trn th gii

25

T l ph Tng s Tn nc ph bo him (triu Hn Quc Nht Bn i Loan Singapor e Thi Lan Malaixia Indonexi a M c Php Anh USD) 36. 050 320. 143 9. 886 1. 666 2. 127 1. 989 1. 233 522. 468 107. 403 84. 303 102. 360 Nhn th 79, 66 73, 86 68, 77 62, 12 53, 64 46, 45 30, 25 41, 39, 56, 64, 44 38 55 57 Phi nhn th 20, 34 26, 14 31, 23 37, 28 43, 36 53, 55 69, 75 58, 60, 43, 35, 56 62 45 43 6, 8 5, 61 3, 14 1, 89 0, 92 1, 43 0, 26 3, 2, 3, 7, 41 25 80 00 C cu ph bo him (%) Bo him nhn th/GDP (%)

T l ph phi Bo him nhn th/ GDP (%)

2, 21 1, 98 1, 43 1, 14 0, 80 1, 65 0, 60 4, 3, 2, 3, 82 46 92 85

(S liu tng cc thng k) Ngoi ra ngnh Bo him nhn th c pht trin th khng ch c s c gng ca cng ty bo him, m phi c s ng h tch cc ca Nh nc th vic kinh doanh Bo him nhn th mi pht trin mt cch n nh hn nh: - Min thu thu nhp i vi khon tin ng ph bo him hay khon tin nhn c t pha cng ty, khi cng ty tr quyn li bo him.

26

- Cho php dng hp ng bo him i vay tin ngn hng hay cc t chc tn dng khc (hp ng Bo him nhn th ng vai tr l vt th chp). - Cho php cng ty cho ngi tham gia Bo him nhn th vay vn t s ph bo him nhn ri. - Min thu danh thu ph Bo him nhn th. y l ton b nhng nh gi nhn xt chung v tnh hnh trin khai, kh nng v trin vng pht trin ca nghip v Bo him nhn th. Qu trnh trin khai nghip v trong thi gian qua khng nh v tr vai tr ca nghip v khng ch trn a bn H Ni m trn phm vi c nc. Bo him nhn th thc t hot ng t c nhiu kt qu kh quan, l s bin chuyn ph hp vi mc ch chung ca ngnh bo him ni ring v ton b nn kinh t ni chung. Nhng kt qu t c ny l thnh qu lao ng ca ton th cn b, nhn vin trong cng ty v s gip nhit tnh ca mi c nhn, t chc x hi c lin quan. nghip v ngy cng pht trin th cng ty phi khng ngng c gng trong mi khu, mi qui trnh cng vic trin khai nghip v p ng yu cu i mi, hon thin v nng cao.
IIBo him nhn th c thi hn hn hp v chng trnh an sinh gio dc.

Ngy 20/03/1996 B Ti chnh k quyt nh s 28: QTC cho php Bo Vit trin khai hai loi hnh bo him nhn th mang tnh cht tit kim u tin Vit Nam l: + Bo him nhn th c thi hn 5 hoc 10 nm.
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+ Bo him tr em. Chng trnh bo m cho tr em n tui trng thnh (gi tt l chng trnh an sinh gio dc). Ni dung c th ca tng loi hnh nh sau: 1. Bo him nhn th c thi hn hn hp 5 nm v 10 nm. So vi loi hnh bo him tr em, i vi loi hnh ny v phm vi bo him; trch nhim ca mi bn l l tng i ging nhau. Do vy nghip v ny bao gm nhng ni dung c bn sau: a. i tng bo him: L cng dn Vit Nam t 18 n 60 tui. b. Thi hn bo him: 5 hoc 10 nm. S tin bo him: Tu thuc vo s la chn ca ngi tham gia bo him, s tin t 3 n 50 triu ng Vit Nam. c. Ph bo him: Tu thuc vo thi hn bo him, tui ca ngi c bo him v s tin bo him. Ph bo him c th ng theo: Thng, qu, su thng hoc 1 nm. d. Quyn li bo him: Nu ngi c bo him cn sng n ht hn hp ng s c nhn ton b s tin bo him cam kt. Trong trng hp nu khng may b qua i: Khi hp ng c hiu lc t hn 1 nm, cng ty s hon li 80% s ph np v tr cho ngi tha k hp php ca ngi c bo him. Khi hp ng c hiu lc t 1 nm tr ln, hoc ngi c bo him b cht do tai nn sau mt ngy k t ngy hp ng c
28

hiu lc, cng ty s tr ton b s tin bo him. Nu trong thi hn bo him ngi c bo him b thng tt ton b v vic do tai nn. Cng ty s tr cho ngi c bo him mt khon tr cp bng s tin bo him, ngng thu ph v hp ng vn tip tc c hiu lc cng vi cc iu kin nh c. Trong trng hp ny ngi c bo him c nhn hai ln s tin bo him v khng phi ng ph trong thi gian k t khi b thng tt ton b vnh vin cho n khi ht hn hp ng. Ngoi cc quyn li chc chn c m bo nh nu trn, hng nm tu thuc vo hot ng u t ca cng ty, ngi tham gia bo him s c chia thm mt khon li. Li gp ca tt c cc khon li ny s c thanh ton cng vi s tin bo him khi ht hn hp ng (hoc khi ngi c bo him b cht) Nu ngi tham gia bo him yu cu hu b hp ng khi hp ng c hiu lc t 2 nm tr ln th cng ty s thanh ton cho ngi c bo him mt khon tin gi l gi tr hon li ca hp ng tnh n thi im hu b. Hoc tip tc duy tr hp ng vi s tin bo him gim. e. iu kin th tc v cch thc mua bo him: Trn c s giy yu cu bo him ca ngi tham gia bo him, cng ty bo him pht hnh hp ng bo him. Hiu lc bo him bt u k t khi ngi tham gia bo him np ph bo him u tin. Trong sut thi hn bo him. Cng ty bo him c trch nhim thu ph v qun l, u t qu ny gii quyt quyn li bo him cho ngi c bo him khi c s kin c bo him xy ra nh qui nh trong iu khon ca hp ng. Cng ty bo him khng c quyn chm dt hp ng bo him tr khi ngi tham gia bo him c yu cu hu b hp ng hoc vi phm qui
29

nh np ph khi hp ng c hiu lc cha hai nm. B Ti chnh l ngi gim st vic thc hin cc cam kt ca cng ty bo him i vi ngi c bo him, gim st vic qun l v u t qu bo him bo m kh nng thanh ton ca cng ty bo him v bo v quyn li ca ngi c bo him.
Bng 3: Tnh hnh khai thc nghip v Bo him nhn th t thng 1 n thng 5 nm 1977 ti H Ni.

Thn g 1 2 3 4 5

Tng s hp ng 167 156 181 229 351

Hp ng Bo him nhn th c thi hn 70 61 73 99 151

Hp ng bo him tr em 97 95 108 130 200

Bng 4: C cu tnh hnh khai thc Hp ng bo him tr em (%) 58, 08 60, 89 59, 66 56, 76 56, 98

Hp ng bo Thng him c thi hn (%) 41, 92 39, 11 40, 34 43, 24 43, 02

Tng gim lin hon bo him c thi hn (%) - 12, 86 19, 67 35, 61 52, 52 bo him tr em (%) - 2, 06 13, 68 20, 37 53, 84

1 2 3 4 5

Qua bng 3 v bng 4 ta thy: - Trong tt c cc thng s hp ng bo him tr em chim t l ln trong s hp ng pht hnh, ( t l gn 60%) trong
30

khi hai nghip v bo him nhn th c thi hn 5 nm, 10 nm ch chim t l khong 40%. - Trong 5 thng ta thy s hp ng Cng ty bn ra c s thay i r rt bi nh hng ca nhiu nhn t: Thng 2 s lng hp ng bn ra ca c hai nghip v b gim xung l 2, 06% v 12, 86% so vi thng 1 nm 1997. S d s lng hp ng b gim xung l do thng 2 dng lch tng ng vi thng cui nm m lch, kh nng khai thc ca ton b cng ty gim xung r rt l do mi ngi lo chun b tt v ngh tt. Mt khc h cn phi ph cho nhiu khon phc v dp tt dn n qu ti chnh gia nh thng c s dng ti a nn tham gia ng ph Bo him nhn th cng c th b nh hng. - Nhng n thng 3, thng 4 v c bit l trong thng 5 s lng hp ng tng ln r rt. C th: c hai nghip v thng 3 tng so vi thng 2 ln lt l: 19, 67%; 13, 68%; thng 4 tng so vi thng 3 l: 35, 64%; 20, 37% v thng 5 tng so vi thng 4 l: 52, 52%; 53, 84%. S d t c kt qu nh vy l do: + Mt mt l cng ty t chc tuyn truyn qung co vo dp tt do s lng ngi tip nhn c lng thng tin nhiu hn. + Mt khc tnh n thi im thng 4, thng 5 cng ty hot ng c khong thi gian gn 1 nm do nhng ngi tha gia tuyn truyn v ph bin vi ngi xung quanh nn c phn ng dy chuyn rt tch cc.

31

+ Trong thi gian ny, cng ty c B Ti chnh chnh thc khng tnh thu doanh thu, cng ty hon thnh c biu ph mi v gim xung hn so vi biu ph c. + Cng ty o to tuyn thm v tng cng s i l ln vi mc ch trc tin l khai thc t nhng ngi xung quanh, nhng ngi thn ca h. Qua y ta thy c hai sn phm Bo him nhn th ca cng ty c th trng chp nhn v to c ch ng trn th trng. Mt khc n cn c th hin s cn thit ca sn phm i vi cuc sng ca mi con ngi. Nhng bc u mi t c con s khim tn v cng ty vn cha trin khai trit v hiu qu t nhiu i tng khc nhau m mi ch tp trung vo nhng i tng quen bit thn thit. Nn chng cng ty cn lm tt v hon thin cc khu, c bit l khu tuyn truyn qung co, vn ng mi ngi tham gia l quan trng nht. Khi y h s hiu bit r hn v Bo him nhn th v thy r c li ch thit thc ca n. Hn na khch hng ti cng ty l phi do hiu mc ch, ngha ca sn phm ch khng phi tham gia bo him l ng h ngi quen. 2. Bo him tr em - Chng trnh an sinh gio dc: 2. 1. Hp ng bo him: a. i tng c nhn bo him. L tr em Vit Nam t 1 n 13 tui (tnh n thi im gi giy yu cu bo him). Trong loi hnh bo him ny, ngi tham gia bo him l b m, ng b hoc ngi nui dng trong tui t 18 - 60. Ngi tham gia bo him l ngi yu cu bo him v np ph bo him.
32

b. Phm vi bo him. Do y l loi hnh Bo him nhn th nn phm vi bo him phi gn lin vi cuc sng ca con ngi. Do vy ta phn ra: Ri ro c bo him: + Ri ro cn sng: Ngi c bo him sng n ht hn hp ng bo him. + Ri ro t vong: y l loi ri ro c th pht sinh do hai nguyn nhn: Cht do tai nn hoc cht do bnh tt. + Ri ra tai nn: theo cc nh bo him tai nn thuc phm vi bo him l tai nn do mt lc bt ng, ngoi mun ca ngi c bo him t bn ngoi tc ng ln thn th ngi v l nguyn nhn trc tip cho ngi b cht hoc thng tt ton b vnh vin. + Ri ro bnh tt: Bnh tt l s bin cht ca sc kho. Trong phm vi bo him n l nguyn nhn gy nn s thit hi v tnh mng ca ngi c bo him. Ri ro loi tr: Xy ra do mt s nguyn nhn sau. + Hnh ng c ca ngi c bo him, ngi tham gia bo him hoc ngi tha k. + Hnh ng vi phm php lut ca ngi c bo him, ngi tham gia bo him. + Ngi tham gia bo him b nh hng nghim trng ca ru, bia, ma tu hoc cc cht kch thch tng t. + Do ng t, ni la.
33

+ Do chin tranh, bo ng. c. Trch nhim v quyn li bo him: * Trch nhim ca cc bn. + Trch nhim ca ngi tham gia bo him. - K hp ng bo him: Ngi tham gia bo him trc tip k hp ng bo him cng cng ty bo him tho thun cam kt thc hin y cc iu khon trong hp ng. - Trch nhim khai bo ri ro: Ngay khi k hp ng bo him, ngi tham gia bo him c trch nhim k khai trung thc nhng yu cu ca cng ty bo him (k khai tnh trng sc kho). - Trch nhim ng ph bo him: y l s tin m h phi ng cho cng ty Bo him nhn th theo qui nh np ph ca cng ty khon ph ng u tin s l c s xc nh thi im bt u c hiu lc ca hp ng. Ngi tham gia bo him phi ng ph theo qui nh v ng thi hn. - Trch nhim khai bo thng bo tn tht. Khi c s c ri ro xy ra ngi tham gia bo him phi bo co c th tnh trng xy ra s c tn tht, tnh trng sc kho ca ngi c bo him cho cng ty bo him bit. Bn cnh phi cung cp y h s cho cng ty mt cch trung thc, chnh xc cng ty cn c tr tin bo him. To iu kin cng ty bo him gim nh tnh trng sc kho. + Trch nhim ca cng ty bo him: Cng ty bo him l mt bn trong hp ng bo him, theo qui nh ca h c quyn thu ph bo him lp qu bo

34

him. Cng ty bo him c trch nhim chi tr s tin bi thng khi c s c bo him xy ra vi ngi c bo him. * Quyn li bo him: - Khi a tr c bo him trn 18 tui, cng ty bo him s tr cho ngi c bo him s tin bo him. - Hp ng bo him vn tip tc duy tr v min ng ph trong trng hp. + Ngi tham gia bo him b cht nu: - Ngi tham gia bo him b cht do tai nn xy ra sau mt ngy k t khi np ph bo him u tin. - Ngi tham gia bo him b cht khng phi do tai nn, t vong hoc b nhim HIV sau mt nm k t ngy hp ng bo him c hiu lc. + Ngi tham gia bo him b cht do t vong hoc nhim HIV khi hp ng bo him c hiu lc hai nm tr ln. Trng hp ngi tham gia bo him b cht khng phi do tai nn khi hp ng c hiu lc cha mt nm hoc cht do nhim HIV hoc t vong hp ng c hiu lc cha hai nm. Cng ty bo him s hon li 80% s ph np v hp ng b hu b. + Ngi tham gia bo him hoc ngi c bo him b thng tt ton b vnh vin do tai nn xy ra sau mt ngy k t khi np ph bo him u tin: - Trng hp ngi c bo him b thng tt ton b vnh vin do tai nn xy ra sau mt ngy k t khi np ph bo him u tin, ngi c bo him c hng tr cp ca cng ty bo
35

him cho n khi trn 18 tui, mc tr cp mi nm bng 1/4 s tin bo him v hp ng bo him c duy tr min ph n ht thi hn bo him. - Trng hp ngi c bo him b cht do bt c nguyn nhn no. Do mc ch chnh y l m bo cho a tr khi n tui trng thnh, do vy khi a tr khng cn na th mc ch chnh ca nghip v cng mt i v do vy trong trng hp ny cng ty bo him s tr li cho ngi tham gia bo him mt s tin tng ng 80% n 95% s ph ng. Hng nm tu thuc vo kt qu hot ng u t. Cng ty bo him s a thm mt khon li cho hp ng v thng bo cho ngi tham gia bo him vo ngy k nim ca hp ng. Li gp ca cc khon li ny c thanh ton cho ngi tham bo him vo ngy k nim ln th 5 hoc 10 nm ca hp ng bo him v tr ngi c bo him cng vi s tin bo him khi ht hn hp ng. Ngoi ra, ngi tham gia bo him c quyn hu b hp ng bo him trc thi hn v c nhn li mt s tin (gi l gi tr hon li) khi hp ng c hiu lc t hai nm tr ln. Trng hp khng c kh nng ti chnh tip tc ng ph, ngi tham gia bo him c th tip tc duy tr hp ng bo him vi s tin bo him gim i. d. Thi hn bo him: Thi hn bo him ti thiu l 5 nm (vi a tr 13 tui) v ti a l 17 nm (vi a tr mt tui) Thi hn bo him ph thuc vo tui ca ngi c bo him lc bt u c nhn bo him.

36

2. 2. Ph bo him v s tin bo him a. Ph bo him: Cng nh tt c cc loi hnh bo him, ph bo him l c s xy dng qu bo him cng ty tr cho ngi c bo him v cc khon ph ph. Ph Bo him nhn th l s tin cn phi thu cng ty bo him m bo trch nhim ca mnh khi c cc s kin c bo him xy ra v m bo cho vic hp ng ca cng ty. Ph bo him do ngi tham gia bo him np cho nh bo him nhm mc ch nhn c s m bo trc nhng ri ro c nh bo him nhn bo him. Nguyn tc tnh ph da trn biu thc cn bng gia trch nhim ca cng ty bo him v tha nhn ca ng c bo him tnh theo qui nh ti thi im k hp ng bo him. Trch nhim ca ngi c bo him ti thi im k hp ng = trch nhim ca cng ty bo him ti thi im k hp ng

Ph bo him bao gm hai phn l: Ph thun v phc ph. + Ph thun l nhng khon ph dng chi tr cho ngi c bo him. + Phc ph bao gm: - Chi ph khai thc: Chi cho tuyn truyn qung co, chi cho hoa hng cho cc i l, mi gii...

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- Chi ph qun l hp ng trong thi hn hp ng ang thu ph, k c chi ph thu ph bo him. - Chi ph lin quan n cc khon chi tr bi thng. b. S tin bo him: y l hn mc trch nhim ca nh bo him i vi ngi c bo him. Trong Bo him nhn th (c th l bo him tr em) nh bo him phi a ra nhiu mc s tin bo him khc nhau v ngi tham gia bo him s da trn kh nng ti chnh ca mnh la chn s tin bo him thch hp nht. Ngi tham gia bo him c quyn la chn mt trong cc mc s tin bo him sau: 3 triu; 5 triu; 10 triu ; 15 triu; 20 triu; 25 triu; 30 triu; 35 triu; 40 triu; 45 triu; 50 triu ng. c. Qu d phng: Cng ty phi lp ba loi qu d phng. - D phng ph - D phng bi thng - D phng dao ng ln. Cc qu ny m bo cho trch nhim ca cng ty bo him thc hin tt i vi ngi c bo him trong trng hp c cc s kin c bo him xy ra. 2. 3. Tr tin bo him. a. Trng hp sng n ht hn hp ng Vi hp ng bo him gc cng ty bo him s tr ton b s tin bo him k kt trong hp ng. b. Trng hp ngi tham gia bo him hoc ngi c bo him b cht cng vi cc loi giy t nh: Giy yu cu gii quyt
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quyn li bo him; hp ng bo him gc; giy chng t cng ty bo him xem xt cc giy trn v s thc hin mi quyn li cam kt trong hp ng. c. Trng hp ngi tham gia bo him hoc ngi c bo him b thng tt ton b. v. v... Cng vi cc loi giy t nh: Giy yu cu gii quyt quyn li bo him; hp ng bo him gc; bin bn tai nn c xc nhn ca cng an hoc c quan ni ngi tham gia bo him lm vic hoc chnh quyn a phng ni xy ra tai nn; giy xc nhn ca c quan y t c thm quyn v tnh trng thng tt ca ngi c bo him hoc ngi tham gia bo him. Cng ty bo him s xem xt cc giy t trn v s thc hin mi quyn li cam kt trong hp ng. d. Trng hp hu b hp ng c gi tr hon li (sau hai nm). Gm cc giy t: - Giy ngh hu b hp ng bo him. - Hp ng bo him gc. Trng hp ngi tham gia bo him hoc ngi c bo him khng trung thc hoc khng chp hnh ng cc iu qui nh trong hp ng ny cng ty bo him c phm. * Cng ty bo him c trch nhim gii quyt v tr tin bo him hoc thanh ton gi tr hon li hoc s ph np trong vng 30 ngy k t ngy nhn c h s y v hp l. Nu quyn t chi mt phn hoc ton b s tin bo him tu theo mc vi

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qu thi hn trn th khi thanh ton cng ty bo him phi tr thm phn li ca s tin ny theo li sut tin gi tit kim thi hn 3 thng do ngn hng Nh nc qui nh trong hp ng.
III. Mt s kin xut:

Trong iu kin kinh t nc ta cn nhiu bin chuyn mnh m, ang trn pht trin. Mun to c bc i vng chc trong c ch th trng n i hi ngnh bo him ni chung v cng ty Bo him nhn th ni ring phi t c yu cu, mc tiu ca cng tc bo him. Cng vi nhng thun li vn c, trong qu trnh trin khai nghip v cng ty cng gp khng t nhng kh khn nn kt qu thu c cn rt khim tn. Mt khc cng ty Bo him nhn th l mt cng ty hot ng dch v gii quyt ng thi c mc tiu kinh t v mc tiu x hi. Do trong qu trnh trin khai nghip v, cng ty phi xc nh cho mnh hng i ng ng n v hiu qu l khng ngng ci tin qu trnh kinh doanh, c bit ch trng nng cao cng tc bo him, phng thc phc v, m bo gi vng uy tn ca cng ty ngy mt tt hn. Mc tiu ca cng ty t ra l ng vng v pht trin do thi gian ti nhim v ca cng ty rt nng n. Vy phi lm g nng cao s pht trin ca nghip v. y l vn cn phi gii quyt. Di y l mt s kin ngh nhm thc hin tt mc tiu ca Cng ty: Mt l: Nng cao cht lng khai thc bng cch:

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- Tng cng cng tc tuyn truyn, vn ng bng nhiu hnh thc trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng, trong cc t chc on th v c quan n v c tim nng: C th vi nghip v bo him tr em m cng ty ang trin khai, Cng ty trin khai tp trung, Cng ty phi tp trung vo vn ng cha m, ng b....ca tr em. Ngi khai thc cng cn phi hiu r c tm l ca ngi tham gia loi hnh ny, phi bit tn dng kh nng v cn phi thng k tm hiu cn k xem tui no l tham gia nhiu, nhng ngi thuc ngnh ngh no hay tham gia, a phng no l ph bin, ri thng k c v loi hp ng, v mc trch nhim v gii tnh thm ch c v thi gian cn khai thc vo lc no l hp l v hiu qu. Cng ty cng cn phi phi hp vi cc trng tiu hc, mu gio qua cc bui hp ph huynh s tranh th vn ng mi ngi tham gia bo him cho tr em, c th pht t ri qung co sn phm tip xc vi khch hng nhiu hn. - a dng ho cc hnh thc tuyn truyn qung co: Mc d ta thy rng vic qung co trong Bo him nhn th l rt kh bi v n thng cp ti nhng ri ro trong i sng m tm l ca ngi Vit Nam th li hay king k do cn phi c hnh thc tuyn truyn v qung co ph hp. Nhng iu cn tn ng v kh khn vi Bo him nhn th Vit Nam ta l, thc t mi ngi cn t bit v Bo him nhn th v cn rt mi m. iu ny cng do trong thi gian qua cng ty cha ch trng ti cng tc ny mc d bit rng hiu qu em li rt cao. Nh trong thng 3 nm 1997, sau khi c qung co lin tc trn ti vi vo dp tt nguyn n, s lng hp ng pht hnh tng ln r rt.

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- M rng t chc mng li cng tc vin, i l c bit H Ni, Thnh ph H Ch Minh, cn phi tuyn dng v o to i ng i l chuyn nghip b tr rng a bn. Cng ty nn xem xt tng cng hn na chng trnh, k hoch bi dng nng cao nghip v ca cc cn b trong Cng ty, ng thi nn dnh mt ch hoa hng khen thng hp l cho i l cng tc vin. Hoa hng l khon thu nhp chnh ca i l nn ai cng mun c mc hoa hng cao khi s khuyn khch h khai thc c nhiu hp ng, Cng ty nn c ch khen thng nh: + Hng thng nh gi kt qu lm vic ca i l c s ln tip xc khch hng nhiu, lm nh vy s kch thch tnh thn thi ua ca mi ngi, ri cng b s lng hp ng khai thc c mt cch thng xuyn. V c phn thng i vi cc i l c s hp ng khai thc ln v kh thi. Hai l: Ch trng hn na ti cng tc o to bi dng nng cao trnh chuyn mn nghip v cho cn b ca Cng ty cng nh gip cc i l, cng tc vin trong vic o to nghip v Bo him nhn th. y cng l cng vic quan trng phc v cho vic pht trin lu di ca cng ty nh: - ngh ban t chc cng cc c quan hu quan quan tm gip hay khyn khch to iu kin c s vt cht k thut cho cng tc o to cn b phc v cho chuyn ngnh bo him. - Cng ty nn sp xp b tr cng vic, c cn b c nng lc v nhu cu i hc cc lp o to v bo him nc ngoi trn c s c iu kin v hon thin cc loi hnh Bo him nhn th Vit Nam c tt hn. V t , Cng ty s c quyt

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nh a ra cc sn phm mi p ng nhu cu phong ph ca mi ngi. - i vi cng tc vin: Cng ty nn t chc cc bui hc v Bo him nhn th, cch thc qun l v theo di hp ng trn my vi tnh cho cng vic trin khai ca cc cng tc vin c thun li. Ba l: Thit k trnh b Ti chnh mt s sn phm mi a dng ho sn phm nhm p ng c nhu cu ca nhiu i tng, ng thi hng dn, ch o cc cng tc vin cc cng ty bo him a phng thc hin trin khai nghip v Bo him nhn th trn c nc c nhanh v c hiu qu. Cng ty nn gip trong vic c cn b xung tuyn i l khai thc theo tiu chun ca Cng ty ng thi tp hun nghip v cho i ng i l ny. Cng ty cng c trch nhim cung cp y ti liu tp hun cho i ng ny. Bn l: ngh Nh nc nn c chnh sch u i khng ng thu thu nhp vi s tin ng ph bo him nhn th t thc y bo him nhn th l mt ngnh c u th v ch li hn hn so vi hnh thc gi tin tit kim t s hn ch nhng bt li cho vic trin khai nghip v ca Cng ty v lm cho khch hng s thy c tham gia bo him nhn th c hiu qu cao hn cc hnh thc khc. Cng ty phi c nhng kin c th trnh ln lnh o cp trn xin c hng nhng chnh sch u i ni trn i vi hot ng kinh doanh bo him nhn th, c bit l vn u t vn trong Cng ty. Cng vi nhng vic lm Cng ty cn phi tin hnh ho thin v nng cao cht lng sn phm cng chnh l nng cao cht lng ca cc hp ng.
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Thc t trong thi gian qua, phn ln cc Cng ty mi ch quan tm n s lng hp ng v doanh thu t c m cha mt xem i l ni g vi khch hng i n k kt c hp ng. Trong khi s lng i l trong mi Cng ty ngy mt gia tng. Nn chng y cng lthi im m Tng cng ty phi tng cng kim tra gim st hot ng ca cc cng ty, ng thi cc cng ty phi tng cng kim tra, gim st hot ng ca cc i l sm sng lc c nhng i l ng tin cy. Cng vi vic nng cao cht lng hp ng cng vic qun l hp ng cng cn c quan tm hn. Nm l: Cng ty nn a ra k hoch c th v vic thnh lp phng gim nh v tr tin bo him. Hin ti Cng ty cha c phng gim nh v tr tin bo him, nhng l mt nghip v bo him, nht l nghip v bo him nhn th th vic gim nh v tr tin bo him l chc chn phi c. Mc ch ca cng tc gim nh, bi thng nhm m bo quyn li ca ngi tham gia bo him, lm tt cng tc ny s to c lng tin cho khch hng th vic pht trin ca nghip v cng cng c m bo hn. Thit ngh rng n lc Cng ty cn phi thc hin mnh m nhng mc tiu ra v tip thu nhng kin thit thc nht. Trn y l nhng kin xut gp phn vo vic nng cao hiu qu v kh nng pht trin ca nghip v bo him nhn th. Khng nh v s pht trin ca Bo him nhn th
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 nc ta qu l hi sm nhng chng ta tin rng cc sn phm ca Bo him nhn th chc chn s mang li li ch ln cho cc ch hp ng.

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Kt lun
Ton b bi vit phn nh nn ni dung ca ti Bn v nghip v Bo him nhn th v cc loi hnh Bo him nhn th ang c trin khai Vit Nam hin nay. Trong c cp n cc ni dung c bn v thit thc nht cho mi chng ta khi tm hiu v ang hc tp v chuyn ngnh kinh t bo him. ng thi trong bi vit ny c nhn ti cng ra mt s kin c bn c ch cho cng tc trin khai nghip v Bo him nhn th ca cng ty. S hiu bit tnh hnh thc t hin nay, p ng nhu cu ng o tham gia Bo him nhn th ca mi ngi. Do kin thc l lun v thc tin cn hn ch. Hn na vn cn l mt sinh vin ang hc tp trn ging ng cha c tip xc vi thc t nhiu nn bi vit chc chn s cn nhiu thiu st v hn ch. Ti lun lun mong c s gip v hng dn ca cc thy c t s hon thin bi vit v nng cao c kin thc ca mnh hn.

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