S GD - T VNH PHC

........................
CHNH THC

K THI CHN HSG LP 10 NM HC 2009 2010

THI MN: HA HC

Dnh cho hc sinh trng THPT khng chuyn

Thi gian lm bi : 180 pht (Khng k thi gian pht )
Bi 1 Hp cht X c to thnh t 10 nguyn t ca 4 nguyn t. Tng s ht mang in ca X bng 84. Trong
X c ba nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k v s ht proton ca nguyn t c Z ln nht ln hn tng s proton ca
cc nguyn t cn li l 6 n v. S nguyn t ca nguyn t c Z nh nht bng tng s nguyn t ca cc
nguyn t cn li.
1. Xc nh cng thc ca X.
2. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra theo gi sau.
X + NaOH (d)
kh A1
X + HCl (d)
kh B1
t0 , p
A1 + B1

Bi 2 Hon thnh v cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng sau theo phng php thng bng electron.
1. FeCl2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + Cl2 + .
2. Mg + HNO3
N2 + NH4NO3 + . Bit t l mol (N2 : NH4NO3 = 1 : 1)
3. Br2 + NaOH + Fe(OH)2

4. M2(CO3)n + HNO3
M(NO3)m + NO +
Bi 3 Cho m gam hp cht X ( c to thnh t hai nguyn t) phn ng hon ton vi H2SO4 c, nng ch thu
c 20,16 lt (ktc) hn hp kh A gm hai kh v H2O. A lm mt mu va 1,6 lt dung dch Br2 0,5M v A
khng c phn ng vi dung dch CuCl2. Cho A vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 106 gam kt ta trng.
Xc nh cng thc ca X, v tnh m.
Bi 4. 1. Tiu phn X c cu hnh electron l 1s22s22p63s23p6. Hy xc nh tn gi ca X.
2. B l mt n cht c tnh oxi ha mnh to bi nguyn t m ion tng ng ca n c cu hnh electron
ging cu hnh electron ca X. Xc nh B v vit phng trnh phn ng (nu c) ca B vi FeBr2, vi Ca(OH)2
v dung dch KOH.
Bi 5. C 4 kh A, B, C, D. Kh A c iu ch bng cch nung KMnO4 nhit cao; kh B c iu ch bng
cch cho FeCl2 tc dng vi hn hp KMnO4 v H2SO4 long; kh C c iu ch bng cch t st sunfua trong
oxi; kh D c iu ch bng cch cho st pirit vo dung dch H2SO4 long trong iu kin thch hp.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra, xc nh cc kh A, B, C, D. Cho cc kh A,B,C,D phn ng vi
nhau tng i mt, vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
Bi 6. Sau khi un nng 23,7g KMnO4 thu c 22,74 gam hn hp cht rn. Cho hn hp cht rn trn tc dng
hon ton vi dung dch axit HCl 36,5% (d = 1,18g/ml) un nng.
1) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
2) Tnh th tch kh Cl2 thu c ( ktc).
3) Tnh th tch dung dch axit HCl cn dng.
Bi 7. T cc nguyn t Na, O v S to c cc mui A v B u cha hai nguyn t Na trong phn t. Trong
mt th nghim ha hc, ngi ta cho m1 gam mui A bin i thnh m2 gam mui B v 6,16 lt kh Z ti 27,30C v
1atm. Bit rng hai mui c khi lng khc nhau l 16 gam.
a) Xc nh A v B vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b) Tnh m1 v m2.
Bi 8. Ha tan x gam hn hp gm CuCl2 v FeCl3 vo nc, thu c dung dch A. Chia dung dch A lm hai
phn bng nhau. Cho lng d kh Hidrosunfua vo phn 1 thu c 1,28 gam kt ta. Cho lng d dung dch
Na2S vo phn hai thu c 3,04 gam kt ta.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh x.
Bi 9. Cho 20,80 gam hn hp Fe, FeS, FeS2, S tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng d thu c V lt kh SO2
(o ktc) v dung dch. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 21,4 gam kt ta. Tnh th tch dung
dch KMnO4 1M cn dng phn ng va vi lng kh V lt kh SO2 trn?
.Ht..

S GD & T VNH PHC

Bi
Bi 1
(1,5)

Bi 2.
(1)

HNG DN CHM
MN HO HC LP 10 THPT KHNG CHUYN
Ni Dung
1. Gi cng thc ca X : AaBbCcDd
=>
aZA + bZB + cZC + dZD = 42
a + b + c + d = 10
gi s: ZA < ZB < ZC < ZD
=>
a=b+c+d
dZD = aZA + bZB + cZC + 6
=> a = 5; dZD = 24
=> 5ZA + bZB + cZC = 18
18
= 2,57 => ZA = 1 ( H); ZA = 2 (He : loi)
=> ZA <
7
=> A, B, C thuc cng mt chu k v thuc chu k II.
M dZD = 24 => d = 3 v ZD = 8 ( O)
=> b = c = 1 v ZB + ZC = 13
=> ZB = 6 (cacbon); ZC = 7 (N)
Cng thc ca X: H5CNO3 hay NH4HCO3
2. phng trnh phn ng.
NH4HCO3 + 2NaOH
Na2CO3 + NH3 + H2O
NH4HCO3 + HCl
NH4Cl + H2O + CO2
0
t ,p
2NH3 + CO2

(NH2)2CO + H2O
1. 10FeCl2 + 6KMnO4 +24H2SO4
5Fe2(SO4)3 + 10Cl2 +3K2SO4 + 6MnSO4 +24H2O
5 2FeCl2
2Fe3+ + 2Cl2 + 6e
6

+7

im
0,25

0,25

0,25
0,25

0,5

0,25

+2

Mn
Mn
+ 5e
2. 9Mg + 22HNO3
9Mg(NO3)2 + N2 + NH4NO3 + 9H2O
9 Mg
Mg2+ + 2e
N2 + N -3
3N+5 + 18e
3. Br2 + 2NaOH + 2Fe(OH)2
2NaBr + 2Fe(OH)3
2+
2
Fe
Fe3+ +1e
1

0,25
0,25

2Br + 2e
4. 3M2(CO3)n + (8m 2n)HNO3
6M(NO3)m + 2(m n)NO + 3nCO2 +(4m n) H2O
3 2M+ n
2M+ m + 2(m - n)e
1

Br2

2(m - n) N+5 + 3e

Bi 3
(1,5)

N+ 2

20,16
= 0,9(mol )
22, 4
Trong A c SO2 v mt kh Y , Y khng phn ng vi dung dch Br2
nBr2 = 0,5.1,6 = 0,8 (mol) => nSO2 = 0,8 (mol)
=> nY = 0,1 (mol)
Kt ta gm 0,8 mol CaSO3 v kt ta do Y to ra.
m (CaSO3) = 0,8. 120 = 96 (gam)
=> kt ta do Y to ra = 106 96 = 10 (gam)
M nY = 0,1 (mol) => Y l CO2 v kt ta l CaCO3

0,25

nA =

0,25

0,25

Bi 4
(1)

Bi 5
(1)

=> A gm 0,1 mol CO2 v 0,8 mol SO2

=> X cha hai nguyn t l C v S
Gi s cng thc ca X l CSx
=> CSx
C + 4 + xS+ 4 + (4 + 4x)e
S+ 6 + 2e
S+ 4
n(CO2) : n(SO2) = 1 :8
=> x + 2 + 2x = 8 => x = 2
Cng thc ca X l CS2 v m = 0,1.76 = 7,6 gam
1. Nu X l nguyn t trung ha: X l Ar
- Nu X l anion X c th l: Cl- (anion clorua), S2- (anion sunfua), P3-(anion photphua).
- Nu X l cation X c th l : K+ (anion Kali), Ca2+( anion Canxi),
2. B l mt n cht c tnh oxi ha mnh m ion tng ng c cu hnh ging vi X. Vy
B l kh Cl2
Cc phng trnh phn ng :
Cl2 (thiu) + FeBr2
FeCl3 + FeBr3
3Cl2 + 2FeBr2 2FeCl3 + 2Br2
Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 rn m CaOCl2 + H2O
2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 dung dch CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + H2O
Cl2 + 2KOH KCl + KClO + H2O
1000 C
3Cl2 + 6KOH
5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O
Cc phng trnh phn ng
t0
2KMnO4
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2(A)
10FeCl2 + 6KMnO4 + 24H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 3K2SO4 + 6MnSO4 + 10Cl2 + 24H2O
t0
4 FeS + 7O2
2 Fe2O3 + 4SO2(C)
FeS2 + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2S(D) + S
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho cc kh tc dng vi nhau i mt
t0

2 SO3
2 SO2 + O2

0,25

0,25
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25

0,5

0,5

xt

O2 + 2H2S 2S + H2O
t0
3O2 d + 2H2S
2SO2 + 2H2O
0

t
SO2Cl2
Cl2 + SO2
xt

Cl2 + H2S S + 2HCl

Bi 6
(1 )

1) Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra

t0
2KMnO4
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Cht rn sau phn ng gm: K2MnO4 , MnO2 v KMnO4 cha phn ng :
Cho sn phm tc dng vi dung dch HCl c cc phn ng
2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
K2MnO4 + 8HCl 2KCl + MnCl2 + 2Cl2 + 4H2O
t0
MnO2 + 4HCl
MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
2) Ta c cc qu trnh:
Mn+7
+
5e
Mn+2
0,15mol
5.0,15
2O-2 O2
+
4e
(23,7 22,74)/32
0,03.4
2Cl Cl2
+ 2e
x
2.x
p dng nh lut bo ton e ta c:
5.0,15 = 0,03.4 + 2x x= 0,315 mol V = 0,315.22,4 = 7,056 lt

0,25

0,5

3. p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t

nHCl = nKCl + 2nMnCl 2 + 2nCl 2 = 0,15 + 2.0,15 + 2.0,315 = 1,08 mol

Bi 7
(1)

Bi 8
(1)

Bi 9
(1)

1, 08.36,5.100
= 91,53( ml )
Vy Vdung dch HCl =
36,5.1,18
a) t cng thc ca A l Na2X v B l Na2Y
Na2X Na2Y + Z
Vy Z ch c th l H2S hoc SO2
nA = nB = nZ= 0,25 mol.
C 0,25 mol th lng cht A khc cht B 16gam.
So snh cc cp cht ta thy ch c A l Na2S v B l Na2SO4 tha mn.
Vy Na2S + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2S
b)Tnh m1 v m2
m1 = 78.0,25 = 19,5(gam)
m2 = 19,5 + 16 = 35,5 (gam)

0,25

Phn 1: CuCl2 + H2S CuS + 2HCl (1)

2FeCl3 + H2S 2FeCl2 + S + 2HCl (2)
Phn 2: CuCl2 + Na2S CuS + 2NaCl (3)
2FeCl3 + 3Na2S 2FeS + S + 6NaCl (4)
t s mol CuCl2 v FeCl3 trong mi phn l a v b mol.
T cc phng trnh (1), (2), (3), (4) ta c
96a + 16b = 1,28 (I)
96a + 104b = 3,04(II)
Gii h (I) v (II ) ta c a= 0,01 mol v b = 0,02 mol
T ta c x = 2(135.0,01 + 162,5.0,02) = 9,2 gam.

0,25

Coi hn hp gm x mol Fe v y mol S ta c cc phng trnh phn ng

2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O (1)
S + 2H2SO4 3SO2 + 2H2O
2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 2Fe(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4
Theo bi ra ta c: 56.x + 32.y = 20,8
107.x = 21,4
Gii h ta c : x = 0,2 mol v y = 0,3 mol
Theo cc phn ng :s mol SO2 thu c l 1,2 mol
5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4
S mol KMnO4 cn l: 0,48 mol
Th tch dung dch KMnO4 cn dng l: 0,48 lt

* Ch : khi chm nu hc sinh gii theo cc phng php khc, nu ng vn cho s im.

0,5
0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25
0,25

0,25

0,25
0,25
0,25