Power Factor Correction

LI NI U
Hin nay, ngun in xoay chiu ngy cng c s dng rng ri trong cc loi thit b v my mc, v dn thay th ch cho cc thit b s dng ngun in 1 chiu. Nhng ngun in 1 chiu vn lun c ch ng ca ring mnh trong nhng lnh vc m in xoay chiu khng th thay th c nh ngun cho cc linh kin in t, m in , ng c 1 chiu to ra ngun in 1 chiu th ta c th dng nhiu cch nh : dng my pht in 1 chiu , s dng pin , c qui ,chnh lu .Vi mng li in xoay chiu phn b rng ri nh hin nay th cch mang li hiu qu v tin li nht l s dng b chnh lu. Hin nay c nhiu loai hinh chnh lu khac nhau, nhng hu ht cc b ngun ny thng c hiu sut khng cao v thng pht li li nhng sng in c hi bc cao lm nh hng ti cht lng ca ngun in, t o cng lm gim hiu sut lm vic ca cc loi my mc, thit b khc. Hin nay, nc ta vn cha c qui nh v tng lng song hi cho php, v hiu sut ca cc b chnh lu nhng vi ch trng pht trin bn vng th iu ch l sm hay mun. Nn em chn ti tt nghip ca mnh l thit k b chnh lu c h s cng sut bng 1 vi u im hn hn nhng b chnh lu khc v hiu sut v song hi . n ny l cng sc v n lc ca c nhm em, cng vi s hng dn v ch bo tn tnh ca thy gio TS PHNG ANH TUN va thy giao NGUYN THANH KHANG. Tuy nhin vi thi gian v trnh cn hn ch nn khng trnh khi nhng sai st, em mong cc thy c thng cm v ch bo tn tnh em khc phc nhng sai st . Em xin chn thnh cm n ! Sinh vin thc hin:

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Power Factor Correction

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GII THIU CHUNG
1.1 B chnh lu c h s cng sut bng 1 (PFC) : 1.1.1 Gii thiu chung Hin nay trong hu ht cc thit b bin i in nng u s dng n chnh lu t ngun xoay chiu (cung cp t li in) sang ngun mt chiu. Ngun in mt chiu sau chnh lu s ng vai tr l ngun cp cho tt c module bn trong ca thit b (k c cc module xoay chiu qua h thng mch nghch lu). Thng thng m bo c cht lng in p nh mong mun ta phi mc t san phng vi gi tr in dung ln vo ngay sau chnh lu. Chnh iu ny n n mt s vn cn phi c quan tm m in hnh l sng hi. Hin tng sng hi c ch r trong hnh 1
U, i Sngkhi khng i ra n p sau ch luu nh C
0

Dng sng in p c t

S ng sng in n Dngi p khi c p t sa ph n ng ra khi c t san phng C0 Dng n vin i Dng dng o b ch luu nh vo b chnh lu Iac t

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Power Factor Correction Hnh 1.1: Dng sng dng in, in p

Dng in vo t ngun li l dng gin on v tn ti trong nhng khong thi gian ngn (hi). S d c hin tng ny l do qu trnh phng np lin tc ca t lc. Thit b ch nhn nng lng t li trong thi gian t np. Khi cc hi ny c sinh ra s gy hi n h thng li in. Tc hi ca nhng hi ny s cng ln khi cng sut ti ln, hoc khi c ng thi nhiu thit b gy hi mc vo cng mt ngun li. Nh ta bit cht lng mt h thng cung cp in c nh gi bi hai (trong mt s) ch tiu l h s cng sut (Power Factor - PF) v tng lng sng hi (Total Harmonic Distortion THD). Hiu nng ca h thng li in ph thuc rt nhiu vo yu t sng hi, tng lng sng hi cng nh hiu nng li in s cng cao. Mt s ch li khi vic ci thin h s cng sut: - Gim gi thnh nng lng in v ph truyn ti. - Gim thiu mt mt, tn hao trong truyn ti. - Cht lng in p tt hn. - Tng tnh cht in dung cho li in. T nhng l do trn ta thy vic thit k ra mt b iu chnh h s cng sut cho b chnh lu l mt tng c ngha thc tin cao. Thc t hin nay c rt nhiu hng ch to linh kin, chip in t cho ra i nhiu dng sn phm IC tng t chuyn x l trong cc mch iu chnh h s cng sut (Power factor correction - PFC). Xong trong n ny chng em s pht trin tng ny ch to ra mt b PFC vi b x l tn hiu s (DSP) dsP30F4011. u im ca b PFC s: - D dng hn trong vic x l cc thut ton phc tp vi tnh nng DSP - Tnh n nh cao, bn vi thi gian.
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Power Factor Correction - D dng hn trong vic hiu chnh t c nhng thng s mong mun do vic x l tn hiu, xut tn hiu iu khin u c lp trnh bng phn mm - Cng c m phng a dng gip ngi ch to c ci nhn trc quan trc khi hon thin sn phm - D dng kt ni vi cc thit b ngoi vi khc tch hp tnh nng cho b iu khin. 1.1.2 ngha ca h s cng sut trong h thng cung cp in: hiu c khi nim h s cng sut trc ht ta cn phi bit khi nim cng sut trong truyn ti in bao gm hai thnh phn: - Thnh phn hu ch, hay thnh phn hu cng: L phn nng lng in chuyn ha c thnh cc dng nng lng khc nh nhit nng, quang nng, c nng khi in c cung cp n cc thit b dng in. L thnh phn o m c qua cc thit b o m in nng ca ngi tiu dng. L phn nng lng m ngi dng phi tr tin.Cng sut hu ch c o bng W hay kW
- Thnh phn v cng:

L thnh phn sinh ra t trng trong cc thit b in t nh ng c, cun khng c o bng VAR hay kVAR Tng hai thnh phn cng sut c gi l cng sut biu kin c o bng VA hay kVA H s cng sut l i lng phn nh mc nng lng tiu hao c ch trong tng lng cng sut m thit b tiu th. H s ny mang ngha kinh t quan trng 1.1.3 Tc dng ca b iu khin PFC: B PFC c lp t ti v tr gia ngun cp (sau chnh lu) v ti mt chiu, c tc dng theo di h s cng sut ca ti v t ng iu chnh in p v
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Power Factor Correction dng in vo lun ng pha (cosphi = 1). ng thi n cn c tc dng n nh in p u ra, lm tng tnh n nh ca h thng, x l cc thay i din ra pha ngun cp v pha ti mt chiu, thng bo v tc ng khi xy ra s c. Trong mch PFC,vi in p u vo l 1 pha th sau khu chnh lu ta dng cc mch bm p iu chnh in p u ra , h s cng sut ca mch . 1.2 Mt s mch bm p c th s dng trong b PFC : 1.2.1 Mch Boost (Boost PFC):

Hnh 1.2: S mch Boost Gii thch hot ng: Khi van ng: Diode D kha do b phn cc ngc bi t C0. Nng lng trong t C0 x qua ti, dng in t dng ngun qua cun L qua van ri tr v m ngun. Khi van ct: Diode D phn cc thun dn dng t ngun qua cun L np cho t C0 vi cc tnh nh hnh v. Cun L i cc tnh, in p np cho t C0 l VC0 = VS + VL. Do vy in p ra ca mch boost cao hn in p u vo .

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Power Factor Correction Hnh 1.3: Dng sng in p v dng in vo b Boost PFC Vi :TON l chu k dn ca van, T l chu k ng ct ca van Ta nh ngha D = TON T

Quan h gia in p vo v ra ca b boost converter l :

VO =

VS 1 D

1.2.2 Mch Buck (Buck PFC):

Hnh 1.4: S mch Buck Gii thch hot ng: Khi van ng: Diode kha do b phn cc ngc, dng in t dng ngun qua L np cho t C Khi van ct: Cun L o cc tnh, diode D dn, dng in qua ti bng tng dng in qua L v dng qua t C0: Iti = IL + IC0 in p trn t C: UC = VS VL = Uti in p ra ca b Buck lun nh hn in p ngun cp v biu thc lin h l : V = V .D O S

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Power Factor Correction

Hnh 1.5: Dng sng dng in, in p vo b Buck PFC 1.2.3 Mch Buck/Boost (Buck/Boost PFC):

Hnh 1.6: S mch buck/boost Gii thch hot ng: Khi van ng: in p trn cun L bng in p ngun. Diode D kha do b phn cc ngc. Dng in qua ti c cung cp bi t C0 Khi van ct: in p trn L do cc tnh, diode D dn dng khp mch L C 0 D L. T C0 c np chun b cho chu k phng khi van ng. in p ra trong trng hp ny c th ln hoc nh hn in p ngun cp, vi biu thc lin h l :

VO =

VS .D 1 D

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Power Factor Correction

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LUT IU KHIN
2.1 M hinh mach Boost PFC Trong trng hp tnh ton cho mch in c in p u ra (400V)cao hn in p u vo (100-240V),theo nhng gii thiu qua v cc s mch thng dng vi b PFC trn th s mch Boost PFC l thch hp nht trong trng hp ny , d dng hn cho vic phn tch tnh ton mch. Di y l m hnh mch ng lc b PFC :

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Power Factor Correction

L D

Vs

Vo

Hnh 2.1: S mch Boost PFC Ta s xt cc trng thi ng m ca van tm ra mi quan h gia cc gi tr u ra , u vo v cc thnh phn trong mch a ra nhng phng php chn thit b v iu khin ph hp nht vi thng s ca mch theo yu cu. 2.1.1 in p ra : a. Xt khi van bn dn ng : ta c th v li mch nh sau
L

Vs

Vo

Hnh 2.2: S thay th khi van ng in p t trn hai u cun dy l VL = VS Dng in qua cun dy tng dn. Ta c quan h sau: L diL = vs (t ) dt (1)

Nu xt trong thi gian rt ngn th c th coi in p vo l n nh,tc bin thin dng in qua cun L s xc lp. Khi cng thc (1) c th biu din di dng sai phn nh sau: iL VS = t L Gi: GVHD: TS. TON l chu k dn ca van,
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(2)

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Power Factor Correction T l chu k ng ct ca van Ta nh ngha D = TON T

Nh vy thi gian dn ca van l TON = D.T . T (2) ta c: I L = VS ( D.T ) L

(3)

b. Xt khi van bn dn m : Ta v li c mc nh sau

L

Vs

Vo

Hnh 2.3: S tng ng khi van ct in p t trn cun dy l: VL = VS V0 cng mang gi tr m ta c diL VS V0 = dt L Dng sai phn: I L = VS V0 ( 1 D) T L (6) (5) (4) Vi gi thit VL mang gi tr m v lng bin i dng in i trn cun L

Khi dng in qua cun dy xc lp tng lng tng dng in khi van ng phi bng tng lng gim dng in khi van h do ta c:
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Power Factor Correction T (3) v (6) suy ra: VS V V ( D.T ) + S 0 ( 1 D ) T = 0 (7) L L V0 = VS 1 D (8)

T (8) ta thy V0 > VS v D cng ln th V0 cng ln. VS = V0 khi D = 0. Thng thng ta ly D trong khong 0,1 < D < 0,9. 2.1.2 S bin thin in p u ra: Khi van ng ct tng ng s l qu trnh np v phng lin tip ca t C 0. Khi in p ra s c s thay i ph thuc vo gi tr in dung ca t v tn s ng ct ca van. Ta c: iC (t ) = C iC = C dv0 (t ) dt (9) (10)

v0 t V0 R

Do tn s hot ng ca van trong mch boost kh cao nn ta coi: iC iR = T 10 ta c: v0 = iC .DT V0 .DT I 0 .D = = C C.R C. f

(11)

Vi : f l tn s bin thin in p u ra. 2.1.3 S bin thin dng in trong cun dy v ch dng lin tc. m bo c chc nng cho b PFC ta phi thit k mch Boost PFC hot ng ch dng lin tc.
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Power Factor Correction

I I
L L

t
t thp nht c nh

t
DT (1-D)T

Hnh 2.4: Dng sng dng in trn cun dy ch dng lin tc (Ta tnh ton i vi trng hp ti thun tr, khi ti mang tnh cm th gi tr L trong mch tng lm cho dng in qua n cng c mn hn) Khi in p v dng in qua L ng pha ta c Cng sut do ngun cung cp: Cng sut tiu th ca ti: PS = VS .I L P0

(V ) = 0
R

B qua tn hao trn cc mch chuyn i ta c PS = P0 VS .I L Ta c: I0 = V0 R I0 1 D

(V ) = 0
R

IL

(V ) = 0

VS .R

(11) (12)

T (8), (11), (12) ta c: IL =

T ta thy dng in qua cun L ln hn dng qua ti. T th hnh 2.4 ta c cc biu thc sau: I L max = I L + I L 2 (13)
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Power Factor Correction v: I L min = I L I L 2 (14)

Nh vy dng qua L lin tc ta phi c: I L min 0 I L I L 2 - Xt trng hp I L = T (8) v (11) ta c: IL = VS I L 2

(1 D)

.R DT .VS 0 2L

Vy

I L min =

( 1 D)
VS
2

VS

.R

( 1 D)

.R

DTVS DVS = 2L 2 fL
2

D.( 1 D ) R L 2f Vi: f l tn s ng ct ca van. 2.1.4 Hiu sut ca b bin i : Theo nhng tnh ton nh trn ta c th v li mch thnh mch tng ng nh sau:

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Power Factor Correction

Vi: VS = VM sin(t ) d(t)=1-d(t) Bi v in p v dng in cng pha vi nhau nn:

iS (t ) =

VS (t ) Re D .T

Re l in tr tng ng in p u v : R = 2.L e 2

p dng phng trnh cn bng in p cho mch vng u vo:

is (t ).d (t ).Ron =VS (t ) d '(t ).VO

Ron l in tr u vo ca mch khi van ng. Thay biu thc is v d(t) ta c :

d (t ) =

VO VS (t ) R VO VS (t ). on Re

Quan h gia dng in u vo v u ra:

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Power Factor Correction

id (t ) = d '(t ).i S(t ) id (t ) = (1 d (t )).

2 S

VS (t ) Re 1 Ron Re

id (t ) =

V (t ) . Re V V (t ). Ron O S Re

Ta thy dng in ti l dng 1 chiu nn dng in ti bng trung bnh dng in Id .

Tac / 2

I=

2 . Tac

Ron ).sin 2( t) V Re . .dt Re (V V . Ron .sin( t )) O M Re

2 M

(1

2 2 VM R I= . .(1 on ). Tac VO .Re Re

Tac / 2

sin 2( t) .dt 1 a.sin( ) t

Vi:

a=

VM Ron . VO Re

V dng sng sin c tnh cht i xng nn ta ch cn xt trong chu k,t:

= .t
Ta c th vit li phng trnh nh sau:

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Power Factor Correction

2 VM R 2 I= .(1 on ). . VO .Re Re

/2

sin2 1 a.sin .d 0

gii php tnh tch phn ta c :

1 4 sin 2 2 4.sin 1( a + ) 2.cos ( a ) . . d = F( a) = .( 2. a + ) 2 0 1 a.sin .a 2 1 a

/2

Ta c th xp x biu thc va tm c vi a thc sau:

F (a ) = 1 + 0,82.a + 0.78a 2
Vi -0,15< a < 0,15 th sai s ca xp x ny nh hn 1% , y l sai s c th chp nhn c. Cng sut u vo ca mch:

Pin =

VM 2.Re

Cng sut u ra ca mch:

2 VM R F (a ) Pout = VO .I = VO .( .(1 on ). VO .Re Re 2

Vy hiu sut ca h:

Pout R = (1 on ). F ( a) Pin Re
Ron V R V R ).(1 + 0,862. M . on + 0,78.( M . on ) 2 ) Re VO Re VO Re

; (1

T biu thc trn ta c th biu hin mi quan h gia hiu sut ca mch vi cc i lng lin quan:

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Power Factor Correction

Qua th ta thy hiu sut ca mch ph thuc vo in p u vo, in p u ra , in tr vo tng ng mch v in tr vo khi van dn.Khi t s gia in p u vo vi in p u ra cng ln th hiu sut cng cao ,t s in tr vo tng ng v in tr vo khi van dn cng nh th hiu sut mch cng cao .Vi u bi cho th t s VM/Vo l c nh nn ta ch c th iu chnh hiu sut ca mch qua cc in tr vo. 2.2 Lut iu khin : 2.2.1 Nhim v ca mch iu khin : iu chnh kho K sao cho dng sng ca i v u l trng nhau (hay cos =1), v in p 1 chiu u ra l Vo n nh. 2.2.2 iu chnh dng sng ca dng in

iL

dng in v in p cng pha vi nhau th ta s tnh dng in khi , sau to ra 1 sng dng in chun trng pha vi in p vo ri cho dng in thc t bm theo dng in chun .
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Power Factor Correction Dng in iL chun l: Ta c: Vs = VM sin(t ) PS = PO =

2 VM Re

iL =

Vs Re

2 VM Re = PO

V ta khng th phn hi chnh xc gi tr hiu dng ca in p u vo nn ta tnh VM thng qua VAVG : VAVG 1 = . T t
t +T

2.VM sin(t ) dt

VAVG VAVG

2 = . 2.VM sin(t )dt T 0 cos(t ) = 2. f . 2.VM . 0 2 2.VM ; 0,9.VM

VAVG = VM = vy: iL =

VAVG 0.9

Vs .0,81.PO 1 2 2 VAVG VAVG

ta s tnh P0 theo nhng gi tr c sn v in p u ra phn hi v : 1 PO = PC = dPC = .C.VO2 2 1 1 2 PC = .C.U12 .C.U 2 ) 2 2

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Power Factor Correction 1 PC = .C.(U1 + U 2 )(U1 U 2 ) 2 Nhng do (U1 + U 2 ) >> (U1 U 2 ) nn biu thc trn c th vit li nh sau: 1 PC = .C.2.VO .V = C.VO .VO 2 Hay: dPC = C.VO .dVO

in dng in vo bm theo dng in chun th ta s dng b PWM: ta dng tn hiu so snh gia dng in thc v dng in chun lm tn hiu vo ca b PWM,tn hiu ny s c so snh vi xung tam gic v to ra xung iu khin cho van bn dn theo qui tc sau : Khi di ln hn tn hiu xung tam gic th pht tn hiu m van bn dn Khi di nh hn tn hiu xung tam gic th pht tn hiu kho van bn dn

Hnh 2.5 : S hot ng ca b PWM Khi di tng t di0 ti di1 th di ln hn tn hiu xung tam gic nn van dn khi theo mch ng lc th: di = Suy ra: di1 = di 0 + Vs .D.T L
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Vs .dt L

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Power Factor Correction M theo tn hiu xung tam gic th: di1 = D Vy: Vs .D.T = D L di 0 D= V .T (1 s ) L di 0 + Khi di tng t di1 ti di2 th di ln hn tn hiu xung tam gic nn van khoa khi theo mch ng lc th: di = Suy ra: di 2 = di1 + Vs Vo .dt L

Vs V0 .(1 D).T L

Vy khi mch n nh th sai lch in p s ph thuc vo b iu khin PI, tn s v bin xung tam gic. Gi tr ca m D s ph thuc vo sai lch dng p, in p vo, tn s v bin xung tam gic 2.2.3 n nh in p u ra: Ta c cng thc sau: VS Vs .Ts.D 2 VO = ; IL = 1 D 2.L Ta c th s dng phn hi m in p to ra dng chun v n nh in p u ra ca mch: Khi in p u ra gim xung nh hn in p t th in p sai lch s dng nn sai lch cng sut cng dng tc cng sut tng , lm cho dng in chun tng , theo 2 cng thc trn th D tng nn in p u ra tng ln. V iu tng t cng xy ra khi in p u ra tng.
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Power Factor Correction T nhng tnh ton v l lun trn ta s dng mch iu khin vi 2 vng phn hi m dng in vo v phn hi m in p ra vi 2 b iu khin PI n nh h thng .Khi s mch iu khin c dng nh sau :

Hnh 2.5: S mch iu khin.

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Power Factor Correction

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TNH TON MACH NG LC
3.1 Tnh ton v chn t lc : Gi tr ca t lc ph thuc vo nhp nh cho php ca dng in u ra .Theo cng thc (11) chng 2 ta c :

v0 =

iC .D.TV V 0.D.TV I 0.D = = C C .R C .2 . f I 0 .D v0 .2 . f

C=

Do in p u sau chnh lu dao ng vi tn s 100 Hz ,nn lm in p ra cng dao ng vi tn s 100 Hz. Nn f = 100 Hz .

v0 max 2,5% 0= 0,025.400 10( ) V = V

Xt ch ti nh mc th dng in qua ti l:

I0 =

P 1000 = = 2.5(A ) VO 400

Do s thay i lin tc ca in p u vo nn gi tr ca D khng c nh 0< D <1 cht lng in p ra m bo th :

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Power Factor Correction

2,5.1 = 398.10 6 10.2.3,1416.100

Chn C = 470( F ) 3.2 Tnh ton thit k cun khng : Ta s tnh ton cho mch boost PFC c thng s nh sau : Cng sut u ra: in p u vo nh nht : in p u vo ln nht: in p u ra: Tn s ng ct: gn dng in cun cm: Li t: Vt liu t: Hiu sut b bin i: H s lp y cun cm, Ku: 3.2.1 La chn vt liu li cun cm: Vic la chn vt liu li cn phi ph hp vi tn s v ch dng in ca cun cm. Li Ferrit lun l la chn tt nht i vi cun cm c thit k lm vic ch dng khng lin tc tn s trn 50kHz, khi tn hao li lin quan n t thng xoay chiu ln s gii hn h s s dng li. Tuy nhin, ch dng lin tc, vi gn dng in nh v t thng xoay chiu b, li Ferrit s thng b gii hn bi s bo ha. Trong trng hp ny, nhng vt liu c tn hao ln hn nhng mt t thng bo ha ln hn nh
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1000 W. 100 V. 240 V. 400 V. 20 kHz. 20%Ipk. Toroidal. MPP. 95%. 0,6.

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Power Factor Correction Powdered iron, Kool-mu, Permalloy powder, hay thm ch l cc li c ghp t cc l thp c th c s dng nhm gim chi ph hay kch thc li.

3.2.2 La chn hnh dng li: Hnh dng li v ca s khng thc s quan trng i vi nhng cun cm c thit k lm vic ch dng lin tc, bi v tn hao dy qun thng rt nh. Nhng i vi nhng cun cm c thit k lm vic ch dng khng lin tc, hnh dng ca s cc k quan trng. Ca s nn chn rng nht c th lm tng ti a din tch tn nhit dy qun v lm gim ti a s lp cun dy. iu ny lm gim ti a in tr dy qun xoay chiu. Li xuyn vi nhng cun dy c phn b u trn ton b li, c th s dng trong bt k cun cm no. T trng tn v s truyn nhiu in t rt thp. Hn na vic qun dy cng s thun tin hn v ta khng phi quan tm n chiu di khe h khng kh. Di y ta s la chn li xuyn, vt liu MPP ca nh sn xut Magnetics Incs. V vic la chn kch thc li cng tun theo hng dn ca nh sn xut ( 2008_PowderCoreCatalog Magnetics Incs.). 3.2.3 Tnh ton thong s cun cm :
1.

Tnh ton cng sut u vo: Pin = P0 1000 = = 1052,63 0,95 (W).

2.

Tnh ton dng in u vo trung bnh nh: I pkavg = Pin 2 1052,63. 2 = = 14,9 Vin (min) 100 SVTH: (A).
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Power Factor Correction

3.

Tnh ton gn dng in u vo: I = 0,2.Ipk = 0,2.14,9 = 2,98 (A).

4.

Tnh dng in u vo nh: Ipk = Ipkavg + I/2 = 14,9 + 2,98/2 = 16,37 (A).

5.

Tnh ton thi gian m ln nht: D( max) =

( V V
0

in (min)

V0

) = 400 100.
400

= 0,646 .

6.

Tnh in khng cn thit ca cun cm: L= Vin (min) 2.D( max) 100. 2.0,646 = = 0,0015 H = 1,5 I . f 2,98.20000 (mH).

7.

Tnh tch s LI2: LIpk2 = 1,5.16,372 = 411,68

8.

(W-s).

Chn li (theo hng dn ca nh sn xut): T biu chn li loi

MPP ca nh sn xut da vo gi tr LI2 ta thy, gi tr ny tng ng vi ng c t thm 26 , loi li 55908.

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Power Factor Correction

Core number Nh sn xut le (Magnetic path length) Trng lng li Wt MLT (Mean length/turn) Ae Tit din li

55716. Magnetics Inc. 20 cm. 377 g. 7,53 cm. 2,27 cm2. 17,99 cm2. 40,8 cm4. 45,3 cm3 225,2 cm2. 37 (nH/T2)8%.

Din tch ca s Wa Tch din tch Ap Th tch li Ve Din tch b mt At AL (nominal inductance)

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9.

Bng thng s k thut ca li 55908 ch ra rng in cm danh nh

ca li ny l 37 nH/T28%. Do in cm danh nh nh nht ca li ny l: ALmin = 37 0,08.37 = 34,04 (nH/T2).

10. Tnh s vng dy cn thit t c in cm l 1,5 mH:

AL min N 2 L.106 1,5.106 L= N= = = 213 106 AL min 34,04

(vng).

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11. Tnh sc t ha H:

H=

NI pk 213.16,37 = = 174,39 le 20

(A-vng).

12. T ng cong t thm- in p mt chiu, ta thu c phn trm

t thm ban u l 57%.

13. S vng c chnh nh l:

N adj =

N 213 = = 373 57% 0,57

(vng)

14. Chn mt dng in trong dy qun l 600 A/cm2.Do tit din

dy l Aw = I rms 16,37 = = 0,027 J 600 (cm2).

Tra bng kch thc dy qun ta chn dy #13 c tit din dy k c cch in 0,028 cm2.

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15. Tnh in tr danh nh ca dy qun vi h s dy qun l 0,6.

Theo catalog ca nh sn xut th ta c cng thc sau: / mH wf = Trong :

/ mH wf l in tr danh nh i vi h s dy qun chn( /mH).

/ mH unit K wf . wf K unit

/mHunit l gi tr in tr n v, c cho trc vi mi loi li. wf l h s dy qun chn ( = Ku = 0,6).

K wf l chiu di trung bnh mt vng dy i vi h s dy qun chn

(cm). Kunit l chiu di trung bnh mt vng dy i vi h s dy qun n v (100%) (cm). T bng thng s k thut ca li 55716 ta c: / mH wf = 0,0345 9,24 . = 0,048 0,6 11 (/mH).

16. Gi tr in tr ca dy qun:

Rdc = / mH wf .L = 0,048.1,5 = 0,074

17. Tnh tn hao ng trn dy dn:

().

Pcu = Rdc.Ipkavg2 = 0,074.14,892 = 16,43(W).

18. Tnh sc t ha do thnh phn xoay chiu gy ra:

H ac = vng).

N adj .

I 2,98 373. 2 = 2 = 27,8 le 20

(A-

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i sang Oersteds Hac = 27,8/1,26 = 22,07

19. Tra ng cong t ha ca vt liu MPP theo H ta c:

(Oersteds).

B = 600 Gauss = 0,06

(T).

20. Tnh sut tn hao li ca vt liu MPP 20 t catalog ca nh sn xut

(tra th tn hao li) ta c : PL = 11,5

21. Tn hao li:

(mW/cm3).

PFe = PL.Ve = 11,5.45,3 = 521 mW = 0,521

22. Tnh tn hao tng:

(W).

Ptot = Pcu + PFe = 16,43 + 0,521 = 17

23. Tnh tng nhit ca cun cm:

(W).

P (mw) T = tot 2 A t (cm )

0.833

17000 = 225,2

0,833

= 37

(C).

Vi tng nhit ny, cun cm c th lm vic bnh thng. Do kch thc li m ta chn t yu cu. Vy cun cm c li hnh xuyn ,vt liu t do hng MPP sn xut ,vi dy qun ng tit din 0,028 cm2 ,qun 373 vng.

3.3 Chn Diode v van bn dn : 3.3.1 Chn diode ca chnh lu cu : GVHD: TS. SVTH:
30

Power Factor Correction Dng in ln nht i qua Diode l : I max = 2. PO 1000 = 2. = 15,7( A) VS . 0,9.100

in p ngc ln nht trn van l : U N = 2.240 = 339, 4(V ) Vy ta s chn diode 1N2158 vi : Imax = 25 A,Un= 400V,Ipik = 400A ,
U = 0.6V , TCP = 200C.

3.3.2 Chn van bn dn : in p ln nht t vo van bn dn l in p ln nht trn t (in p ra) : Vmax = 400 V Dng in ln nht i qua van bn dn l : I ACmax = 2.P 2.1000 = = 15,7 A V min. 100.0,9

Vi dng in lm vic nh trn th dng in nh mc ca van s l tng i ln khong 1,4 n 10 dng in lm vic ca van,tu thuc vo ch lm mt ca van , nn ta khng s dng van loi MOSFET v dng ln th tn hao trn van s ln,v ta cng s khng s dng TRANSITOR do vi dng ln th ta phi cung cp cho van dng iu khin ln .V vy ta chn van loi IGBT vi tn hiu iu khin bng p (15 ti 20 V), vi tn s 20KHz th cng sut iu khin nh ,st p trn van khi van dn nh (2 3 V) Ta s chn van bn dn loi IGBT vi s hiu : CM100DUS-12F vi thng s : VCES = 600 V ; Ic = 100 A VCEmax = 2,6 V ;
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Do tn s lm vic ca van l 20 KHz l khng ln nn tn hao chuyn mch trn van l khng ng k.Vy tn hao cc i trn van khi van lm vic vi ti nh mc 1KW l : P = I ACmax .VCE = 15,7.2,6 = 40,82(W ) Vi tn hao cng sut trn van nh trn th ta phi s dng thm b tn nhit cho van lm mt van . ta s dng b tn nhit c kch thc v hnh dng nh sau :

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Power Factor Correction Vi b tn nhit ny th din tch b mt to nhit l : Stn = 16.7.(14 1) + 14.7 = 1554(cm 2 ) Chn h s to nhit : ktn = 103 (W / cm 2 .C Vy tng nhit ca bn dn so vi mi trng l : P 40,82 = = 26,3(C ) Stn .ktn 1554.103

Chn nhit mi trng l 40 C Nhit ca van bn dn khi lm vic l : Tlv = Tmt + = 40 + 26,3 = 66,3(C ) < T max = 150C Vi nhit ny th van c th lm vic tt v n nh

4
TNH TON MACH IU KHIN
4.1 Tnh ton thng s mch iu khin : Theo nhng tnh ton chng 2 ta s c s mch iu khin nh sau :

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Dng in xoay chiu ln nht l : I ACmax = 2.P 2.1000 = = 15,7 A V min. 100.0,9

Ta chn cc gi tr ca cc h s khuych i nh sau : K1 = K2 = K3 = 1 1 = = 0.0025 VDC 400 1 VACmax 1 I ACmax = = 1 = 0.00295 240. 2 1 = 0.0636 15,7

K m : l h s d tr cho mch khi in p u vo thay i

Km =

VAC max 240 = = 2.4 VAC min 100

4.1.1 Tnh ton mch vng iu khin dng in

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Hm truyn gia tn hiu dng in cun cm v thi gian ng m van c th tnh xp x nh sau [1]: V i = 0 .d L sL Do ta c s mch vng iu khin dng in: IACREF

k k pi + ii s

V0 sL

iL

k3

Hm truyn ca h h ca mch vng dng in l:

k V 1 + Tcoi .s VDC k3 Ti ( s) = k pi + ii DC k 3 = k pi s sL Tcoi .s sL

Theo phng php ti u i xng th h kn mun n nh th hm truyn h h phi tha mn hai iu kin sau: Ti ( j ) = 1 v gc pha ca h h i > -180
k VDC k3 piVDC k3 pi Ti ( j ) = +j 2 Tcoi L L k 35

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Power Factor Correction 4.1.1.1 Tnh h s t l ca khu b dng in: H s t l c tnh t iu kin th nht:
k2 V 2 k2 k2 V 2k2 k V k pi DC 3 pi DC 3 pi DC 3 1 Ti ( j ) = + = +1 2 2 L Tcoi 4 L2 2 L2 Tcoi 2

1 Khi xt tn s cao th s hng T 2 2 c th b qua. V vy ta c coi

Ti ( j ) = k piVDC k 3

L
k piVDC k3

Theo iu kin th nht ta c:

=1 L 2. . f BwI .L 2. .2000.0, 0015 L k pi = = = = 0, 74 k3VDC VDC .K 3 400.0, 0636 Ti ( j ) =

y ta chn tn s ly mu ca khu phn hi dng in fBWI l 2kHz 4.1.1.2 Tnh h s tch phn ca khu b dng in Theo iu kin th hai v nhm nng cao d tr n nh ca mch iu khin, ta chn i = -180 + 70 = -110 [2]
1 Im Ti ( j ) 1 1 1 f BwI Mt khc i = tan = tan (Tcoi .) = tan ( ) = tan zi fzi Re Ti ( j )

Do ta tnh c tn s ct f zi = V Tcoi =
1 nn ta tnh c: 2 f zi k pi Tcoi

f BwI 2000 = 800 Hz tani tan( 110)

kii =

= k pi .2 f zi = 0, 74.2. .800 = 3719, 646

Vy ta c hm truyn ca khu b dng in l:

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Power Factor Correction

k pi + kii 3719, 646 = 0, 74 + s s

4.1.2 B b sai s in p:

B b sai s in p c dng : 1 + Tv .s PIv = K Pv .( ) Tv .s Chn tn s ly mu ca in p phn hi l 100 Hz . Khu iu khin PI cng nh mt b lc bc nht, tn s 10 Hz c tc dng lc rt tt cho mch tn s 100 hoc 120 Hz.chn tn s b l 10Hz Nn: TV = 1 1 = = 0,0159 2. . f 2. .10

Mc ch chnh ca b b ny l to ra dng in chun Iref . Do Tv << 1 nn :

37

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Power Factor Correction VPI = K PV .( K1.VO VREF ) Tv .s K PV .K1.VO Tv .s K PV .K1.PO Tv .C.VO

VPI = VPI =

Theo mch trn ta cng c :

I ACref =

VPI .VS .Km 2 VAVG .K 2 PO .VS K pv .K1.K m . 2 VAVG TV .C.VO .K 2 I ACref K pv .K1.K m . K 3 .0,81 TV .C.VO .K 2

I ACref = I ACref = K pv =

0,81.(2. . f .C ).VO .K 2 .K 3 K m .K1

0,81.(2. .10.470.106 ).400.0,00295.0,0636 K pv = 2,4.0,0025 K pv = 0,456

Vy ta c b b in p : 1 + 0,0159.s PIv = 0,456.( ) 0,0159.s 4.2 M phng mch bng phn mm MATLAB : T nhng thng s tnh ton trn ta s s dng phn mm MATLAB m phng v kim tra li tnh n nh ca mch :

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Power Factor Correction 4.2.1 Vi in p u vo l 200 V , cng sut u ra l 1000W :

39

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Power Factor Correction Dng dng in v in p u vo :

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Power Factor Correction in p u ra ca b PFC l :

Qua mch m phng v nhng gi tr ca cc thng s ca mch biu th qua cc s trn th ta thy: in p v dng in u vo cng pha vi nhau hay h s cng sut bng 1 in p u ra n nh dao ng xung quanh gi tr 400 V, vi sai lch 10V <20V tho mn yu cu v sai lch in p. in p u ra c thi gian qu nh v qu iu chnh thp.
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Power Factor Correction 4.2.2 Vi in p u vo l 100 V : kim tra kh nng n nh in p u ra ca mch:

in p v dng in u vo:

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Power Factor Correction

in p u ra:

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Power Factor Correction Ta thy khi in p u vo nh hn th cht lng in p ra khng thay i. Do in p u vo nh hn nn s tc tng gim in p u vo nh lm cho s thay i ca D cng gim i lm cho sng hi ca dng in u vo cng nh hn. NHN XT: Qua mch m phng v nhng gi tr ca cc thng s ca mch biu th qua cc s trn th ta thy: in p v dng in u vo cng pha vi nhau hay h s cong sut bng 1 in p u ra n nh dao ng xung quanh gi tr 400 V, vi sai lch < 10V tho mn yu cu v sai lch in p. in p u ra c thi gian qu nh v qu iu chnh thp. 4.3 Thc hin mch iu khin vi bi ton iu khin s : Hin nay cc dng vi iu khin ngy cng pht trin vi cng ngy cng nhiu khu v thut ton c tch hp trong . T lm cho phng php iu khin s pht trin cc nhanh vi nhng u im hn hn: Mch iu khin n gin, nh gn, d lp t. C kh nng lp trnh, t d dng thay i thng s mch iu khin khi thay i thut ton iu khin hay thay i thng s mch hoc cho mch chy vi cc ch khc nhau. Vic sa cha v thay th l d dng. Do ta s dng phng php iu khin s gii quyt bi ton iu khin bng cch s dng vi iu khin dsPIC30F4011 .Khi ta c thut ton iu khin nh sau:
44

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Power Factor Correction S thut ton chng trnh:

Bt u Tnh Vi v s mu N N>40 0 Tnh VPI Tnh VAVG =Vi /N; VCOM=1/VAVG2 Vi=0 N= 0 Tnh IREF = VPI.VCOM.VAC Tnh IPI = (IREF - IL)(KPi+Kci /s) PMW N>20 0 Vi=Vi+Vi , S N++

C TIMER K++ S K>10 H++ S K=0 H>20 0 H=0

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Power Factor Correction Gii thch thut ton: S iu khin gm 2 vng iu khin vi tn s phn hi khc nhau v trong qu trnh iu khin lun lun phi cp nht gi tr VCOM. Do VCOM mt khong thi gian l c 1 chu k in p li l 50Hz, m tn s ng ct ca b iu khin l 20kHz nn mun cp nht c gi tr ca V COM th phi ly mu ng thi vi qu trnh iu khin, khng tnh ring trong mt thi im no c vi iu s lm gin on vic iu khin dn ti mt n nh h thng. Vi tn s vng phn hi dng l 2kHz v tn s vng phn hi p l 10Hz th chng trnh s c 2 vng lp. S dng b Timer trong DSPIC nh thi gian cho mi chu k lm vic ca PMW l: T = 1/f = 1/20000 = 50.10-6 s =50 s Sau 10 chu k lm vic h thng mi nhn phn hi dng in v nh vy chu k ca vng phn hi dng l: TI = 10.T = 500 s fI =1/TI = 2000Hz Vng phn hi dng thc hin c 200 chu k th h thng mi cp nht gi tr ca vng phn hi p nn tn s vng phn hi p l: fV = fI/200 = 10 Hz * Tnh VAVG v VCOM: VAVG 1 = . (VAC .dt ) T t 1 . T
i =n + t +T

=> VAVG =

V
i=n

T TS

AC

(i ).TS

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Power Factor Correction

i=n+ T TS

=> VAVG =

V
i =n

AC

(i ).

1 T / TS

=> VAVG =

VAC (i ) N

c c gi tr ca VAVG th chng trnh iu khiu cn phi dnh ra mt khong thi gian tnh ton gi tr ny. Do thi gian tnh c 1 gi tr ca VAVG l mt na chu k in p li nn ta phi tnh gi tr ny song song vi vic iu khin h thng bng cch ly mu trong mi chu k lm vic ca PWM. Sau khi iu khin thi gian ng ngt cho PWM chng trnh s trch ly mu ca tn hiu in p vo v cng dn vo Vi ng thi m s ln ly mu. y chng trnh s ly 200 mu, ng bng thi gian ca 1 chu k in p vo. Sau ngng ly mu n khi bc vo vng lp p th bt u tnh gi tr ca VAVG v dng cho chu k iu khin tip theo, ng thi xa gi tr ca Vi v N tnh li trong chu k mi. * Thc hin b PI bng phng php s: Ta c hm truyn ca khu PI l:

W(s) = k p +

ki s

Chuyn hm truyn trong min lin tc sang min gin on, thay s = 2 z 1 trong T l chu k ly mu T z +1

suy ra:

ki T ( z + 1) 2 W (z) = k + p z 1

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Power Factor Correction

kT kp z kp + i 2 = z 1

ki T z + 2

(k p +

ki T kT ) z (k p i ) 2 2 z 1
kp

kiT 2 z kiT kp + kiT 2 = ( k p+ ) 2 z 1

t :

k pz =(p + k

kiz

kT ) i 2 kT kp i 2 = kT i kp + 2

1 kiz z 1 Ta c: W (z) = k . pz 1 z 1
Biu din theo tn hiu vo ra ca b PI c:

y ( z ) = W(z).x(z)

(1 z 1 ) y ( z ) = k pz (1 kiz z 1 ) x ( z ) y ( z ) z 1 y ( z ) = kpz [x( z ) kiz z 1 x( z )] y ( z ) = z 1 y ( z ) + kpz [x( z ) kiz z 1 x( z )]

T ta c:
48

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Power Factor Correction

y ( k ) = y ( k 1) + kpz [x( k ) kiz x( k 1)]

Thc hin b PI bng chng trnh: Tnh ton vi b PI c bo ha ta c s ton: U = Sum + kpz.x if( U > ymax ) y = ymax else if( U < ymin ) y = ymin else y=U Sum = Sum + kpzkiz.x (*vi y(0) = 0; x(0) = 0 v ymin ymax l gii hn u ra ca khu PI)

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5
THIT K MACH THT VI CAC THNG S A CHON

J 1
G N D 2 1 A C 9 V 1 0 4 1 0 0 0 u 1 0 4 + 1 L I N M 7 O 8 0 5 3 U T C

V C / T O

3 3

0 2 1 L E D

J 4

7 0

J 2
G N D 2 1 A C 1 5 V 1 0 4 1 0 0 0 2 u 1 0 4 + 4 7 0 L u E D + 1 L I N M 7 O 8 U 1 3 T 2 C / T O 1 k

J 5
2 1 1 2 V D C

Hnh 5.1 : S mch ngun nui b iu khin.

Mch iu khin:
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1 0 k

1 N 4 1 4 8
1 1 1 0 4

S 2

2 9 M 3 0 R 2 8 R R R R R R 1 0 R 1 1 R 1 2 V V 1 3 1 4 O O 1 1 1 1 5 6 7 8 9

C F F F

L R 1 0 4 / / / / / / A A A A A A

* / V

P P P P P P P W W W W W W

A A M M M M M M

V V

4 0 D 3D9 S S 3 8 L 1 3 / 7R H 1 / R 3 6 L 2 3 / 5R H 23 / 4 R L 3 3 / 3R H 3 / R 3 2 D3 1 S 4 / A3 N / A2 N / A N 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

V C 6

B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 D D S S S S C C

N N N N N N

3 4 5 6 7 8

E 0 E 1 E 2 E 3 E 4 E 5 V 2 1 0 T i n C C 1 2 3 4 h i e u d ie u k h ie n

V D V S L K L K 1 0 R R R 1 3 B B B 2 1 0

J 3

1 2

/ C / C

1 C 7

0 M

5 6 E M U 7 R C 1 8 I N T 0 I N T 2 O V C S S

D 1 / R C 4 / R E 8 / R D 1 D 3

1 9 2 0

4 / R

2 R F 52 R F 22 R F 32 R F 62 R D 2 0 R D 2 2 V D D 0 F 4 0

d s

I C

1 1

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Mch ng lc va mach lai:

A N 1

5 V

J 6
2 1 2 2 0 V a c

0 A

0 k Q 1 4 7 0 u

0 k

1 0 4 2 0 0 5 V

5 V

7 5

0 V

2 0 0

J 7
4 3 2 1 T i n h i e u A A P N W u 1 A M k h i e n U 2 1 5 V D 2 1 D C 13 2 1 0 k C 2 9 3 VD D VC C VB V D I R N 2 1 1 H C O M S 0 O 5 7 1 1 0 L O 6 N N 0 2

d i e

J 8
1 0 1 1 1 2 P W M

H S

I N H

J 9

0 0

L I N VSS

5 V

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6
KT LUN

6.1 Muc ich an: -

Tim hiu va thit k b chinh lu co n inh in ap u ra Khao sat nguyn tc ong ct cua van ban dn trong b bin Kim tra va anh gia cht lng dang song in ap u ra, Nghin cu giai thut vao vit chng trinh iu khin Tham khao va tng hp tai liu nc ngoai di s hng Tin hanh trn m phong Matlab va thc nghim trn m Theo doi, anh gia, nhn xet cac thng s thc nghim X ly s liu tinh toan va vit bao cao Thi gian thc hin an: t 25/2/2009 n 25/5/2009
53

va iu chinh h s cng sut i i ap mt chiu va a ra phng phap i khin phu hp dang song dong in u vao 6.2 Phng phap nghin cu dn cua giao vin hng dn hinh thc t -

6.3 Thi gian thc hin

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Power Factor Correction 6.4 Y nghia khoa hoc va thc tin cua nghin cu Trong thc tin i sng vi tinh tinh hinh phat trin cng nghip manh me, co ngay cang nhiu cac thit bi san sinh ra song hai lam anh hng xu ti li, nht la cac thit bi in t cng sut, vic nghin cu va ch tao ra b ngun PFC co y nghia ht sc quan trong. Tuy nhin, Vit Nam cho n nay vn cha co mt quy inh cu th nao v tng lng song hai cho phep. Nhng nhng tac hai cua no hu nh bt ki ai lam ki thut u bit ti, vi th theo d oan cua ca nhn em, se co mt tiu chun cu th trong tng lai gn. Vi iu kin thi gian khng cho phep em cung cac ban tron nhom chi nghin cu va ch tao b ngun PFC mt pha vi ng dung chi cho cac thit bi cng sut nho. Em d inh se tip tuc nghin cu b PFC ba pha khi co iu kin phu hp. 6.5 Kt qua at c Nghin cu thanh cng cac thng s mach ch tao thanh cng mach Boost PFC mt pha vi cac thng s nh sau:
-

Cng sut: 200W in ap vao 100VAC 240VAC in ap ra 20V Hiu sut 95%

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TAI LIU THAM KHAO

TI LIU THAM KHO TRONG NC: TS. Trn Vn Thinh T ng hoa trong iu khin thit bi TI LIU THAM KHO NC NGOAI:
1. 16bit_Language_Tools_Libraries. Microchip Techology Inc 2. dsPIC30F4011 Data Sheet High-Performance Digital Signal

Controllers. Microchip Techology Inc

3. dsPIC30F Family Reference Manual. Microchip Techology Inc 4. MPLAB C30 _ C Compiler User.s Guide . Microchip Techology Inc 5. Aplication note AN1106. Microchip Techology Inc

WEBSITE THAM KHO: http://www.microchip.com http://services.eng.uts.edu.au

PHU LUC
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TNG QUAN V VI IU KHIN DSPIC30F4011

6.1. Gii thiu chung v h vi iu khin DSPIC : H vi iu khin 16 bit dsPic do cng ty cng ngh Microchip Technology Inc. sn xut, c pht trin trn nn h vi iu khin 8 bit Pic. Vi iu khin dsPic l mt chip x l mnh vi b x l 16 bit (c kh nng x l d liu c di 16 bit). Vi tc tnh ton cao da trn kin trc RISC, kt hp cc chc nng iu khin tin ch ca mt b vi iu khin hiu nng cao 16-bit (high-performance 16-bit microcontroller), c th thc hin chc nng ca mt b x l tn hiu s (DSP) nn dsPIC cn c th c xem l mt b iu khin tn hiu s (Digital Signal Controller DSC). H vi iu khin dsPic c th t ti tc x l 40 MIPS (Mega Instruction Per Second - triu lnh trn mt giy). Ngoi ra dsPic cn c trang b b nh Flash, b nh d liu EEPROM v cc ngoi vi hiu nng cao v rt a dng cc th vin phn mm cho php thc hin cc gii thut nhng vi hiu sut cao mt cch d dng trong mt khong thi gian ngn. Chnh v vy dsPic c ng dng rt rng ri trong cc ng dng x l tn hiu s, o lng v iu khin t ng, .v..v... H vi iu khin dsPic c chia ra lm ba loi ty theo mc ch ca ngi s dng : - B iu khin s cho iu khin motor v bin i ngun (DSC Motor Control & Power Conversion Family) - B iu khin s cho sensor (DSC Sensor Family)
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Power Factor Correction - B iu khin s a mc ch (DSC General Purpose Family) 6.2. c im ca vi iu khin dsPic30F4011 6.2.1. Khi x l trung tm CPU Tp lnh c bn gm 83 lnh Ch nh a ch linh hot di lnh 24-bit, di d liu 16-bit B nh chng trnh Flash 48 kBytes B nh RAM ln 2 kBytes B nh EEPROM Mng 16 thanh ghi lm vic 16-bit Tc lm vic ln ti 30 MIPS

6.2.2. B chuyn i tng t s ADC B chuyn i tng t - s (ADC) 10-bit Tc ly mu ti a 1 Msps (Mega samples per second) Ti a 9 knh li vo ADC Thc hin bin i c trong ch Sleep v Idle Ch nhn bit in th thp kh lp trnh To Reset bng nhn din in p kh lp trnh

6.2.3. Cc cng vo ra I/O Port v cc ngoi vi Dng ra, vo cc chn I/O ln: 25 mA/25 mA

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Power Factor Correction bit bit 2 Module UART, vi b m nguyn l FIFO Chc nng Capture 16-bit Cc b so snh/PWM 16-bit Module SPI 3 dy (h tr ch Frame) Module I2C, h tr ch a ch t, a ch t 7-bit n 105 Timer 16-bit, c th ghp 2 Timer 16-bit thnh Timer 32-

6.2.4. B x l tn hiu s Np d liu song song Hai thanh cha 40-bit c h tr bo ho logic Thc hin php nhn 2 s 17-bit trong mt chu k my Tt c cc lnh DSP u thc hin trong mt chu k my Dch tri hoc phi 16 bit trong mt chu k my

6.2.5. Mt s c im khc B nh Flash: ghi/xo ln ti 10.000 ln (iu kin cng

nghip) v trn di 100.000 ln (thng thng) B nh EEPROM: ghi/xo ln ti 100.000 ln (iu kin

cng nghip) v trn di 1.000.000 ln (thng thng) thp trn chip. GVHD: TS. Ch bo v firmware kh lp trnh
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-

Kh nng t lp trnh ni tip trn mch in (In Circuit

Serial Programming ICSP) Idle 6.3. Cu trc ca vi iu khin dsPic30F4011 6.3.1. Khi x l trung tm CPU CPU ca dsPic30F4011 c thit k trn kin trc RISC, nhn ca CPU c mt b x l lnh 24-bit v b m chng trnh Program Counter (PC) rng 23-bit vi bit ngha thp nht (LSB) lun bng 0, cn bt ngha cao nht th c b qua trong sut qu trnh thc hin chng trnh bnh thng, ch tr khi thc hin cc lnh c bit. Do , b m chng trnh c th nh a ch ln ti 4 triu t lnh ca khng gian b nh chng trnh c s dng. Thit b dsPIC30F cha 16 thanh ghi lm vic 16-bit. Mi thanh ghi lm vic c th c th lm vic vi vai tr lu tr d liu, a ch hoc a ch offset. Thanh ghi th 16 (W15) hot ng nh l con tr ngn xp mm cho hot ng ngt v gi ngt. Cc ch lnh ca dsPIC30F gm 2 lp: Lp MCU v Lp DSP ca lnh. Hai lp ny c kt hp ng nht vi nhau trong kin trc v thc hin t mt khi thc hin n. Cc ch lnh bao gm nhiu ch a ch v c ch to nhm tng thch vi trnh bin dch ngn ng C. Khng gian d liu c th c a ch ho thnh 32K words hoc 64 Kbytes v c chia lm hai khi, c gi l b nh d liu X v b nh d liu Y. Mi khi u c khi to a ch - AGU (Adress Generator Unit) ring bit ca n. Tt c cc lnh hot ng n c ch qua b nh X, v khi AGU quy nh s xut hin ca mt vng d liu thng nht. Lp thanh cha php nhn (MultiplyGVHD: TS. SVTH:
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C th la chn cc ch qun l ngun: Sleep hoc

Power Factor Correction Accumulate) MAC ca lnh DSP hot ng thng qua c hai khi AGU ca b nh X v Y, n chia a ch d liu thnh hai phn. Mi t d liu gm 2-bytes, v tt c cc lnh c th nh a ch d liu theo bytes hoc words (t). C hai cch truy xut d liu trong b nh chng trnh l: 32 Kbytes cao ca vng nh d liu c th c sp xp

trong na thp ca khng gian chng trnh ti bin ca 16K t chng trnh bt k, c nh ngha bi thanh ghi PSVPAG 8-bit (Program Space Visibility Page). Do cc lnh c th truy cp khng gian chng trnh nh khng gian d liu, nhng c mt gii hn l n cn thm mt chu k lnh na. Ch c 16 bt thp ca mi t lnh c th s dng phng thc truy cp ny. Truy cp trc tip khng tuyn tnh ca cc trang 32K t

nm trong khng gian chng trnh cng c th s dng cc thanh ghi lm vic, thng qua bng lnh c v ghi. Bng lnh c v ghi c th c s dng truy cp c 24 bit ca mt t lnh. Khi X AGU (khi AGU ca b nh X) cng h tr vic o bit a ch trn a ch ch kt qu nhm n gin ho ti a d liu vo hoc ra chng thch hp cho thut ton FFT c s 2. Vi tt c cc lnh, nhn ca dsPIC30F c kh nng thc hin vic c b nh d liu hoc b nh chng trnh, c thanh ghi lm vic, ghi vo thanh ghi lm vic v c b nh chng trnh mi chu k lnh. Nh vy, lnh 3 ton hng c h tr, cho php thc hin php tnh C = A + B trong mt chu k lnh.

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Hnh 6.1: S khi DsPic30F4011

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Hnh 6.2: Cc thanh ghi ca khi x l trung tm

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Power Factor Correction 6.3.2. Cc cng vo ra I/O Port Cc cng vo ra ca dspic30F4011 u c thit k c u vo l mch Trigger Schmitt nhm ci tin kh nng chng nhiu. Tt c cc cng vo ra u c ba thanh ghi kt hp vi nhau iu khin trc tip hot ng ca cc cng. Thanh ghi d liu trc tip (TRISx) xc nh cng l

Input hay Output. Nu bit d liu trc tip l 1, th cng l Input v ngc li. Cc cng c nh ngha l Input sau khi Reset. Thanh ghi cng (PORT registers): d liu mt cng I/O

c truy xut thng qua thanh ghi PORTx. c gi tr ca thanh ghi PORT cng no s c c gi tr ca cng . Ghi vo thanh ghi PORT ca cng tng ng vic xut d liu ra cng . Thanh ghi LAT, kt hp vi mt cng I/O s loi b

c cc vn c th xut hin khi c-thay i-ghi vo cng . c gi tr thanh ghi LAT s tr v gi tr c gi u ra ca b cht cng , thay cho gi tr cng I/O. Vic ghi vo thanh ghi LATx cng to ra hiu qu nh ghi vo thanh ghi PORTx. Cu hnh tng t cho cng: khi s dng b ADC th cng c cu hnh l li vo tng t. iu ny s c ni k hn phn miu t ADC.

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Hnh 6.3: S chn ca dsPic30F4011

Hnh 6.4: S khi ca mt cng I/O dng chung vi ngoi vi khc 6.3.3 Ngt v c ch ngt
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Power Factor Correction Vi iu khin dsPic30F4011 c ti 30 ngun ngt v 4 b x l loi tr (by li), b x l ny s cho php cc ngt theo mc u tin c sp t trc. CPU c th c bng vector ngt v truyn a ch c cha trong vector ngt ti b m chng trnh. Vector ngt c truyn t bus d liu chng trnh vo trong b m chng trnh thng qua b hp knh 24-bit, li vo ca b m chng trnh. - Cc thanh ghi 16-bit IFS0<15:0>, IFS1<15:0>, IFS2<15:0> Tt c cc c ngt c lu trong 3 thanh ghi ny. Cc c c t tng ng bi ca ngoi vi hoc tn hiu bn ngoi v c th xo bng phn mm. Cc thanh ghi 16-bit: IEC0<15:0>, IEC1<15:0>, IEC2<15:0>: Tt c cc

bit iu khin cho php ngt u nm trong 3 thanh ghi ny. Cc bit ny c s dng cho php ngt c lp ngoi vi v tn hiu ngoi - Cc thanh ghi u tin ngt: IPC0<15:0> ... IPC10<7:0>: Ngi s dng c th chuyn i mc u tin ngt kt hp vi mi ngt c gi trong cc thanh ghi ny - Nhm bit IPL<3:0>: Mc u tin ca CPU hin hnh c lu r rng trong cc bit ny. Bit IPL<3> nm trong thanh ghi CORCON, trong khi cc bit IPL<2:0> nm trong thanh ghi trng thi (SR) - Hai thanh ghi 16-bit INTCON1<15:0>, INTCON2<15:0>: Chc nng iu khin ngt ton cc c xut pht t hai thanh ghi ny. INTCON1 cha cc c iu khin v trng thi ca b x l loi tr. INTCON2 iu khin tn hiu yu cu ngt v vic bng vector ngt thay th. Cc ngun ngt c th c ngi s dng sp xp mc u tin t 1 n 7 thng qua thanh ghi IPCx. Mi ngun ngt c kt hp vi mt vector ngt. 6.3.4 Cc b nh thi
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Power Factor Correction Trong vi x l dsPIC40F4011 c ti nm b nh thi (Timer) 16-bit. Trong cc Timer c th hot ng ring bit, ring hai Timer 2, 3 v hai Timer 4, 5 c th kt hp vi nhau tr thnh mt Timer 32 bit. V cu trc cc Timer ny khc nhau v hai Timer 2 v 3 v hai Timer 4 v 5 c th kt hp cn Timer 1 th khng. Timer 1 c cu trc kiu A (Hnh 2.10), Timer 2,4 kiu B v Timer 3,5 kiu C. V hot ng cc Timer c hot ng gn ging nhau do ta s tm hiu v Timer 1, cc Timer cn li l tng t. Timer 1 c th hot ng vi ngun to dao ng tn s thp 32KHz, v ch khng ng b vi ngun to dao ng ngoi. c im ring bit ca Timer 1 l c th dng trong cc ng dng thi gian thc. Phn tip theo s m t chi tit cch thit lp v s dng Timer 1 vi ba ch : Timer 16-bit: trong ch ny, timer s tng sau mi chu

k lnh n khi gi tr ca timer bng gi tr ca thanh ghi chu k PR1 (Period Register) th s reset v 0 v tip tc m. Counter ng b 16-bit: trong ch ny, timer s tng

mi sn ln ca ca xung nhp ngoi m c ng b vi pha ca cc xung nhp trong. Timer tng n gi tr nm trong thanh ghi PR1 th dng v reset timer v 0 ri tip tc m ln. Counter khng ng b 16-bit: khi hot ng trong ch

ny, timer s tng dn sau mi sn ln ca xung nhp bn ngoi tc ng vo. Timer s tng dn n khi gi tr ca n bng thanh ghi PR1 th b reset v 0 ri li tip tc m ln. H s chia tn ca b nh thi

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Power Factor Correction Xung nhp u vo (Fosc/4 hoc xung nhp ngoi) a vo Timer 16-bit v c th c chia tn s theo cc t l sau: 1:1, 1:8, 1:64, 1:256 c xc nh bi cc bit TCKPS<1:0> ca thanh ghi TxCON. H s chia tn ny (prescaler) c th b xo khi xy ra mt trong cc iu kin sau: - Ghi vo TMR - Ghi vo thanh ghi TxCON (tr vic ghi vo bit TxCON) Reset thit b, nh POR v BOR DsPic30F4011 c 5 thanh ghi iu khin Timer T1CON..T5CON. Cc thanh ghi ny c chia ra lm 2 kiu. T1CON thuc kiu A, T2CON v T4CON thuc kiu B, T3CON v T5CON thuc kiu C.

Hnh 6.5: S khi ca Timer 1

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Hnh 6.6 S khi Timer 2

Hnh 6.7 S khi Timer 3

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Hnh 6.8: S khi Timer 2/3 - 32bit (S khi Timer 4/5 32 bit v Timer 4,5 16 bit ging nh Timer 2/3 32 bit v Timer 2,3 16 bit) 6.3.5 B chuyn i tng t s ADC Vi iu khin dsPic30F4011 cung cp b chuyn i tng t s 10-bit cho php bin i tn hiu tng t u vo sang s di 10-bit. Module ny da trn thanh ghi SAR (Successive Approximation Register thanh ghi xp x) v cung cp tc ly mu ti a ln ti 100 ksps. ADC ca dsPic30F4011 c ti 10 knh tng t li vo c kt hp c ly mu v gi mu. Li ra ca b ly v gi mu l li vo ca b chuyn i - to ra kt qu bin i. in th tng t chun c th l in th ngun cung cp (AVDD/AVSS) hoc mc in th ca cc chn VREF+/VREF-.
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Power Factor Correction B bin i ADC ca dsPIC bao gm 6 thanh ghi: - Ba thanh ghi iu khin A/D: ADCON1, ADCON2, ADCON3 - Chc nng iu khin hot ng ca ADC. - Thanh ghi la chn li vo: ADCHS - La chn knh vo bin i. - Thanh ghi cu hnh cng: ADPCFG - Cu hnh cng tr thnh li vo tng t hoc vo ra s. - Thanh ghi la chn qut B m kt qu bin i A/D Module ADC s dng RAM lm b m lu kt qu bin i A/D. C tt c 16 v tr trong RAM c s dng lm vic ny, l: ADCBUF0, ADCBUF1, ADCBUF2, ..., ADCBUFE, ADCBUFF. RAM ch c rng 12-bit nhng d liu cha trong n li l mt trong bn dng s 16-bit l: nguyn, nguyn c du, phn s, v phn s c du. Cc bc thc hin bin i A/D a) Thit lp cu hnh cho module A/D - Cu hnh cc chn l li vo tng t, in th chun v vo ra s. - Chn cc knh li vo cn bin i. - Chn xung nhp cho bin i. - Cho php module ADC c th hot ng. b) Cu hnh cho ngt ADC nu cn - Xa c ngt ADIF - La chn mc u tin ngt cho bin i A/D c) Bt u ly mu d) i thi gian cn thit hon thnh
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Power Factor Correction e) Kt thc ly mu, bt u bin i f) i bin i kt thc bi mt trong hai iu kin sau: - i ngt t ADC - i bit DONE c set c kt qu t b m bin i A/D v xa bit ADIF nu cn

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Power Factor Correction

Hnh 6.9: S khi c bn ca ADC 10-bit

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Power Factor Correction 6.3.6. Module PWM: Module PWM c s dng to ra cc tn hiu xung ng b c kh nng u chnh c rng ( Synchronized Pulse Width Modulated) . c ng dng trong cc mc ch iu khin chuyn ng v iu khin cng sut Module PWM c cc ng dng ph bin sau: S dng ph bin trong iu khin ng c xoay chiu 3 S dng trong cc thit b dng lu tr in nng S dng trong iu khin ng c mt chiu khng chi pha ( Three Phase AC Induction Motor) dng cung cp nng lng khi mt in (Uninterruptable Power Supply ) than ( Brushless DC Motor) 6.3.6.1. Cc c im ca module PWM ang hot ng Aligned output) S cu to C th vn hnh ch c lp, ngha l tn hiu mi knh PWM s hon ton c lp vi nhau C cc ch canh gia ,canh cnh ( Edgle and Center C 8 ng tn hiu ra PWM vi 4 b to chu k PWM C phn gii ln n 16 bit C kh nng thay i tn s tn hiu PWM khi module

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Hnh 6.10: S cu to bn trong module PWM 6.3.6.2. Gii thch hot ng ca module PWM Module PWM c th c cu hnh hot ng 4 ch vn hnh khc nhau gm:
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Power Factor Correction ghi PTCON Cc s kin ngt c to ra bi b m thi gian PWM ph thuc vo bit (PTMOD<1:0>) v bit Postscaler (PTOPS<3:0>) trong thanh ghi PTCON 6.3.6.2.1. Ch t do(Free Running Mode) Trong ch Free Running b m thi gian trong module PWM( PWM time base) s m ln cho m khi no bng vi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTPER. Thanh ghi PTMR s reset vo ln xung clock k tip v b m thi gian s tip tc m ln nu bit PTEN vn cn c set. Trong khi b m thi gian ca module PWM trong ch Free Running (PTMOD<1:0>=00), mt s kin ngt s c to ra mi ln gi tr ca b m trng vi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTPER v thanh ghi PTMR s c reset v 0. Bit la chn Postscaler nn c chn trong ch ny gim bt s ln s kin ngt xy ra Free Running Mode Single Shot Mode Continous Up/Down Counting Mode Double Update Mode

Bn ch hot ng ny c la chn bi bit PTMOD<1:0> trong thanh

Hnh 6.11 : Cp nht gi tr PWM trong ch t do

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6.3.6.2.2. Ch n (Single Shot Mode) Trong ch Single Shot , b m thi gian ca module PWM s m ln khi bit PTEN c set. Khi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTMR bng vi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTPER, thanh ghi PTMR s c reset reset tron ln xung clock k tip,v thanh ghi PTEN s b xa bi phn cng tm dng li b m thi gian. Trong khi b m thi gian ca module PWM trong ch Single Shot (PTMOD<1:0>=01), mt s kin ngt s c to ra mi ln gi tr ca b m trng vi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTPER v thanh ghi PTMR s c reset v 0 , bit PTEN cng s c reset. Bit la chn Postscaler khng c tc dng trong ch ny 6.3.6.2.3. Ch m ln xung (Continous Up/Down Counting Mode ) Trong ch Continous Up/Down Counting b m thi gian trong module PWM (PWM time base) s m ln cho m khi no bng vi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTPER. Sau Timer s bt u m xung trong ln xung clock tip theo. Bit PTDIR trong thanh ghi PTCON cho bit Timer ang m ln hay m xung. Bit PTDIR s c set khi timer bt u m xung. Trong ch ny (PTMOD<1:0>=10) mt s kin ngt s xy ra mi khi gi tr ca thanh ghi PTMR bng 0 v b m thi gian PWM bt u m ln. Bit la chn Postscaler nn c chn trong ch ny gim bt s ln s kin ngt xy ra.

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Hnh 6.12 : Cp nht gi tr PWM trong ch m ln xung 6.3.6.2.4. Ch cp nht kp(Double Update Mode ) Trong ch Double Update ( PTMOD<1:0>=11) mt s kin ngt s xy ra mi khi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTMR bng 0, v mi khi bng vi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTPER.Trong ch ny chu k PWM s c cp nht 2 ln trong mt chu k. Bit la chn Postscaler khng c tc dng trong ch ny

Hnh 5.19 : Cp nht gi tr PWM trong ch cp nht kp 6.3.6.2.5. Ch hot ng h tr(Complementary PWM Operation) Trong ch hot ng h tr (Complementary mode) , mi cp tn hiu PWM thu c t mt tn hiu PWM h tr ( Comolementary PWM signal) . Khong thi gian ngh (Dead Time) c th c la chn a vo trong qu

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Power Factor Correction trnh ng ngt cc kho , khi c hai tn hiu c cng trng thi tch cc trong mt thi gian ngn

Hnh 6.13: Tn hiu PWM trong ch hot ng h tr Trong ch hot ng h tr ny, cc thanh ghi so snh c phn chia nh sau: Thanh ghi PDC1 iu khin tn hiu PWM1H/PWM1L Thanh ghi PDC2 iu khin tn hiu PWM2H/PWM2L Thanh ghi PDC3 iu khin tn hiu PWM3H/PWM3L Thanh ghi PDC4 iu khin tn hiu PWM4H/PWM4L

Xung PWM dng Edge Aligned Tn hiu Center Aligned PWM c to ra bi module PWM khi b m thi gian PWM c cu hnh hot ng ch Free Running hoc Single Shot. i vi tn hiu Edgle PWM, c thi gian ( Period) c xc nh bi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTPER v c chu k ( Duty cycle) c xc nh bi thanh ghi PDCx tng ng . Tn hiu PWM c chuyn sang tch cc vo thi im bt u ca chu k (PTMR=0) v chuyn sang khng tch cc khi gi tr trong thanh ghi PDCx bng vi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTMR. Nu gi tr trong thanh ghi PDCx tng ng bng 0 , th tn hiu ra trn chn PWM tng ng s khng tch cc trong sut ton b chu k PWM. Tn hiu ra

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Power Factor Correction trn chn PWM tng ng s tch cc trong sut ton b chu k PWM nu gi tr trong thanh ghi PDCx ln hn gi tr c lu trong thanh ghi PTPER Qu trnh hot ng c th hin trong hnh

Hnh 6.14: Xung PWM dng Edge Aligned Xung PWM dng Center Aligned Tn hiu Center Aligned PWM c to ra bi module PWM khi b m thi gian PWM c cu hnh hot ng ch Up/Down Counting Tn hiu PWM (PWM compare output) c chuyn sang trng thi tch cc khi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTMR bng vi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTPER v b m thi gian PWM ang m xung. Tn hiu PWM c chuyn sang trng thi khng tch cc khi b m ang m ln v gi tr trong thanh ghi PTMR bng vi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTPER Qu trnh hot ng c th hin trong hnh

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Hnh 5.22: Xung PWM dng Center Aligned 6.3.6.3. Cc b m t l trong module PWM: 6.3.6.3.1. PWM Timer Base Prescaler Xung clock a vo thanh ghi PTMR (FOSC/4) c t l 1:1 , 1:4 , 1:16 hoc 1:64, c la chn bi cc bit iu khin PTCKPS<1:0> trong thanh ghi PTCON. Vic t l s b xo khi xy ra cc trng hp sau: Ghi vo thanh ghi PTMR Ghi vo thanh ghi PTCON Cc reset CPU

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Hnh 5.23: B m t l trong module PWM 6.3.6.3.2. PWM Timer Base Postscaler S trng lp gia thanh ghi PTPER v thanh ghi PTMR c th c la chn theo cc t l t 1:1 n 1:16 thng qua 4-bit postscaler to ra tn hiu ngt. Vic t l ny c s dng trong trng hp khng cn thay i duty cycile ca xung PWM mi chu k PWM B m postscaler s b xa bi cc tc ng sau: Ghi vo thanh ghi PTMR Ghi vo thanh ghi PTCON Cc reset CPU

Thanh ghi PTMR s khng b xo khi thanh ghi PTCON c ghi vo 6.3.6.4. Cc thanh ghi lm vic trong module PWM 6.3.6.4.1. Thanh ghi PTPER (PWM Period)
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Power Factor Correction PTPER l mt thanh ghi 15 bit v c s dng ci t vic m thi gian cho module PWM. PTPER l mt thanh ghi m kp. Ni dung trong thanh ghi m PTPER c np vo thanh ghi PTPER nh sau: ch Free Running v Single Shot: Khi thanh ghi PTMR c reset v 0 sau khi bng gi tr trong thanh ghi PTPER Chu k PWM trong ch Free Running c tnh bi cng thc sau: PTPER = V d: FCY = 20 MHz FPWM = 20,000 Hz PTMR Prescaler = 1:1 PTPER =20000000/(1*20000)-1=999 ch Up/Down Counting: Khi thanh ghi PTMR bng 0 Gi tr c lu gi trong b m PTPER s t ng c np vo thanh ghi PTPER khi b m thi gian PWM b v hiu ho (PTEN=0) Chu k PWM trong ch Up/Down Counting c tnh bi cng thc sau: PTPER = V d: FCY = 20 MHz FPWM = 20,000 Hz PTMR Prescaler = 1:1 PTPER =20000000/(1*2*20000)-1=499 6.3.6.4.2. Cc thanh ghi so snh: (PWM Duty Cycle Comparison Units)
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Power Factor Correction Module PWM c 4 thanh ghi 16 bit (PDC1, PDC2, PDC3, PDC4(Duty cycle register)) c dng xc nh chu k ca module ny. Gi tr trong mi thanh ghi nh ngha khong thi gian m tn hiu PWM (PWM output) trng thi tch cc. Bit v tr thp nht (LSB) cho bit bt u xut hin cnh ca PWM. 6.3.6.4.3. Cc thanh ghi m (Duty Cyle Register Buffer): 4 thanh ghi PDCx l cc b m kp cho php cp nht tn hiu PWM. Trong mi chu k, c mt thanh ghi m c truy cp bi ngi dng v thanh ghi cn li lu tr gi tr so snh thc t s dng trong chu k PWM hin ti. i vi tn hiu Edge Aligned PWM , gi tr chu k mi s c cp nht mi khi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTMR bng vi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTPER v thanh ghi PTMR c reset. Ni dung trong thanh ghi m s t ng np vo thanh ghi dng so snh khi b m thi gian PWM b v hiu ha ( PTEN=0) v bit UDIS trong thanh ghi PWMCON2 s b xa. Trong ch Up/Down Counting , gi tr chu k mi s c cp nht khi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTMR bng 0, v b m thi gian bt u m ln. Ni dung trong thanh ghi m s t ng c np vo thanh ghi dng so snh khi b m thi gian PWM b v hiu ha (PTEN=0) Trong ch Up/Down Counting vi c im cp nht hai ln ( Double Update), PWM , gi tr chu k mi s c cp nht mi khi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTMR bng vi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTPER v khi gi tr trong thanh ghi PTMR bng 0, Ni dung trong thanh ghi m s t ng c np vo thanh ghi dng so snh khi b m thi gian PWM b v hiu ha (PTEN=0)

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