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Trong phn ny chng ta nghin cu cc vn sau: Thit lp thng s a hnh - Site Settings. To b mt a hnh Toposurfaces. Gn nhn cc ng ng mc - Contour Line Labels. V ng gii hn khu xy dng - Property Lines. San lp a hnh Graded Region. Thng k th tch o, p - Reporting Cut and Fill Volumes on a Site. To tm lt nn su di lng t - Building Pads.
IV-1.1 TO B MT A HNH
B mt a hnh do cc ng ng mc to nn. to c b mt a hnh phi v cc ng ng mc. C th dng cc im v trc tip trn mt bng hoc nhp d liu t cc phn mm khc.
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Ti y thit lp cc thng s sau: Contour lines display: hin th ng ng mc. Chn phng n hin th v to ng. At Intervals of: khong cch cc ng ng mc c hin th. G s. Passing Through Elevation: cao ca ng ng mc u tin. Mc nh l 0.0. G s. o Nu gi tr ny = 0, At Intervals of = 10 th cc ng ng mc c cc cao c hin th l: -20, -10, 0, 10, 20. o Nu gi tr ny = 5, cc ng ng mc c cc cao c hin th l: -25, -15, -5, 5, 15, 25. Thm ng ng mc - add custom contour lines: nhn nt Insert, tip theo cho cc gi tr sau vo bng: Start: cho cao bt u hin th ca ng ng mc va a vo. Stop: cho cao im dng hin th ca ng ng mc va a vo. Gi tr ny c kch hot nu chn ON la chn Multiple Values for Range Type.
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Increment: gi tr gia tng. Cho khong cch ng u gia cc ng ng mc mi thm vo. Gi tr ny c kch hot nu chn ON la chn Multiple Values for Range Type. Range Type: kiu xc nh. Nhn nt , chn: nu thm mt ng th chn Single Value, nu thm nhiu ng th chn Multiple Values. Subcategory: kiu ng nt. Mc nh l nt mnh Secondary Contours. Nhn nt , chn cc kiu ng khc nh: o Hidden Lines: nt khut. o Primary Contours: nt chnh. o Triangulation Edges: cc cnh tam gic. Section Graphics - v mt ct, chn cc thng s sau: Section Cut Material: vt liu ti mt ct. Nhn nt , bng vt liu hin ra, chn vt liu c tn bt u l Site: Site-Earth (t), Site-Grass (ng c), v Site-Sand (ct). Elevation of Poche Base: su so vi ng c s. G s. y chnh l dy lp vt liu chn. Property Data - s liu tha t, chn cc thng s sau: Angle Display: gc hin th. Nhn nt , chn: o Degrees: gc khng nh hng. Degrees from N/S: gc ly theo hng Bc - Nam. Units: n v o gc. Chn Decimal degrees (gc ly theo gi tr thp phn) hoc degrees, minutes, and seconds (, pht, giy). Nhn OK, kt thc thit lp.
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Nhn xa du ti Current view only ch a vo khung nhn hin thi. Nu nh du phng n ny, bn AutoCAD ch nh nh nn, khng th chuyn thnh b mt a hnh c. Colors: mu, chn Preserve. Layers: chn lp ca AutoCAD cn a vo. Mc nh l All (tt c cc lp). Import units: n v nhp vo. Chn cc phng n: o Auto-Detect: t ng tm. o Custom factor: t l t chn (nn chn phng n ny). Cho h s ti bn cnh (hnh di bn phi). Ti y cho gi tr o ngc vi t l v trong AutoCAD. V d: ti AutoCAD v 1: 10, ti y g s 10.
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Positioning: v tr, chn Auto - Center to Center (tm bn CAD trng vi tm khung nhn). Place at: t ti khung nhn, chn Level 1. Nhn Open. Bn v c a vo nh hnh di.
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Cc cng c hin ra, nhn Create from Import Select Import Instance.
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Nhn tri chut vo bn AutoCAD 3D nhp vo. Hp thoi hin ra. C th nhn xa cc lp khng cn thit, ch li cc lp cha ng ng mc cn nhp vo.
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B mt c to ra.
Xa hnh lin kt: Nu thy hnh lin kt khng cn s dng na, chng ta c th xa i. Nhn vo hnh lin kt bn di mt to, g phm Delete hoc nhn phi chut, chn Delete, hnh lin kt s b xa. 10. Cho n hnh lin kt: Ti thanh Properties nhn Edit ti Visibility/Graphics. 9.
Hp thoi hin ra. Nhn vo mc Imported Categories. Nhn xa du ON ti tn tp lin kt, trong v d ny l Site Plan.dwg nh hnh di.
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Cc cng c hin ra, nhn Create from Import Specify Point File.
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Chn n v o v nhn OK. Cc im c a vo v cc ng ng mc c v ra. Nhn Finish Surface kt thc lnh. Mt c to ra.
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M khung nhn 3D hoc Site plan (mt bng tng th). Ra lnh Massing & Site Toposurface.
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Trn thanh Options, cho cao ti Elevation. tip theo ca cao Elevation cho php chn cc phng n tnh cao : Absolute Elevation: cao tuyt i. Chng ta c th t im ti v tr bt k trong bn v. Relative to Surface: tng ng vi b mt. Cho php sa mt a hnh c theo cc im c cao chn trong nhp liu. Nhn tri chut vo v tr cn chn, mt im c to ra. Sau khi v xong mt ng ng mc, cho cao khc ti Elevation v ng tip theo.
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10 Autodesk Revit - Site v cc im mt cch chnh xc, nu khng c cc tp ton c hoc bn AutoCAD a hnh 3D, c th v trc cc ng bng lnh Model Lines. Cch lm nh sau:
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Khi v bng cc cng c ny, c th cho di (khong cch gia cc im) v gc nghing (gc phng v) ni hai im.
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Sau khi hon thnh, nhn Modify, kt thc lnh. Kt qu nh hnh di.
IV-1.1.4.2 To b mt a hnh
1. 2. 3. 4. Ra lnh to b mt a hnh. Chn phng n v bng cc im. Cho cao . Nhn chut bt im vo cc im v.
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Trong ny c th chn mt trong cc loi vt liu sau: Site-Earth: t. Site-Grass: ng c. Site-Sand: ct. Site-Tarmacadom: mt ng nha. Site-Water: nc. Cc thng s khc xem trong phn Gn vt liu cho m hnh. Nhn chn tn vt liu. Nhn OK, kt thc lnh.
IV-1.1.5.2 i vi R2013
1. 2. Nhn tri chut vo b mt a hnh to. Nhn chut vo . bn phi ti Material.
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Cc loi vt liu gii thch trn. Nhn chn tn vt liu. Nhn OK, kt thc lnh.
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Nhn tri chut vo b mt cn phn chia. Cc cng c v hnh phc hin ra.
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Ti y, dng cng c v phc v bin dng ranh gii. Cc tham s Offset, Radius gii thit ti phn v cc hnh c bn. Khi v ng phn chia, cn tun th theo nguyn tc sau: Nu ng phn chia l ng bao kn, khng cn ct ngang qua ng bin ca b mt. Nu ng phn chia l ng h bt buc phi ct ngang qua ng bin ca b mt. Mi ln ch c v mt ng phn chia (ch c chia b mt lm hai phn). Nhn Finish Edit Mode, kt thc v hnh phc. Ranh gii c to ra.
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16 Autodesk Revit - Site 3. Cc cng c v cc im trn b mt hin ra. Chng ta thy s im dy c nh hnh di.
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Cho gi tr chnh xc ti thng s Accuracy, s cng ln th khong cch gia cc im cng ln (s im s bt i). Nhn OK. a hnh nhn nh hnh di.
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Thanh Properties hin ra. Thay i kiu v cho chiu cao ch ghi nhn: Nhn nt Edit Type.
18 Autodesk Revit - Site Nhn Duplicate to kiu mi. Hp thoi hin ra t tn kiu.
Ti Name cho tn mi v nhn OK. Nu nhn nt Rename: i tn kiu. Hp thoi i tn hin ra.
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o Ti New cho tn mi v nhn OK. Tr li hp thoi Properties, cho cc tham s: o Text font: chn phng ch. o Text Size: cho chiu cao ch. Nhn OK kt thc hp thoi. V on thng i qua cc ng ng mc. Nu ng ny khng ct ng ng mc, phn mm bo li.
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Cao ca ng ng mc hin ra ti v tr on thng va v giao nhau vi ng ng mc. Nhn Modify, kt thc cng vic. Nhn ng ng mc hin ra.
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C th ko thay i v tr ng vch. Nhn nt chn kiu ch khc hoc nhn Edit Type to kiu ch mi.
Nhn Edit Type, hp thoi hin ra. Nhn Duplicate to kiu ch mi. Hp thoi tip theo hin ra, g tn kiu ch, nhn OK.
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Chng ta c hai phng php vch ng ranh gii s hu mnh t xy dng: 1. Dng hnh phc v ng ranh gii sau cp nht vo bng d liu o c. 2. Nhp s liu o c vo bng khong cch v gc phng v.
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Hp thoi hin ra. C hai cch v: v bng nhp ta im v v bng hnh phc. Sau y ti trnh by thnh hai mc ring.
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Cng c Draw c kch hot. Dng cc cng c v bin dng ranh gii.
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Nhn Finish Edit Mode, kt thc v hnh phc. Ranh gii c to ra.
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22 Autodesk Revit - Site Nhn nt Edit Sketch, mi trng hnh phc hin ra sa bin dng.
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Chuyn thnh ng ranh gii trong bng d liu o c: Nhn nt Edit Table, chuyn d liu sang bng o c.
Ni dung: Hnh phc chuyn thnh ng ranh gii trong bng d liu o c v khng th chuyn ngc li. Ngha l khng th chnh sa c hnh phc, nt Edit Sketch khng kch hot. o Nhn OK chuyn i. Bng d liu o c hin ra. o
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Mi dng l mt ng. Cc cng c x l ng: Insert: thm mt ng. Delete: xa ng nh du. Up: a dng hin hnh ln trn. Down: a dng hin hnh xung di. Cho cc gi tr: Distance: khong cch gia hai im. o Nu v bng on thng, y l di on thng. o Nu v bng cung trn, y l di dy cung. N/S: hng Bc/Nam. Bearing: gc phng v. E/W: hng ng/Ty. Type: kiu ng. Nhn nt , chn kiu: o Line: on thng. o Arc: cung trn: Radius c kch hot cho bn knh cung. Bn knh cung phi ln hn di dy cung.
24 Autodesk Revit - Site L/R: Nhn nt phi. , chn L, cung nm v bn tri, R: cung nm v bn
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Add Line to Close: thm ng khp kn vng. Khi c 2 on tr ln, nt ny c kch hot. Nhn nt ny, vng c khp kn bng mt on t ng thm vo, kt thc lnh. Nhn OK, kt thc lnh. ng c vch ra gn vi con tr. a con tr n v tr cn thit, nhn tri chut.
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Nhn Yes. Hp thoi hin ra. o R2011: th mc Metric Library t ng m ra, nhn th mc Annotations Civil. o R2012-R2013: th mc Library\US Metric t ng m ra, nhn th mc Annotaions Civil.
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Nhn Modify, kt thc lnh. Vic sa nhn (thay i kiu, phng ch) ging nh nhn ng ng mc ffax gii thiu trn.
26 Autodesk Revit - Site 3. Khng gian hnh phc - Sketch c kch hot. Cc thanh lnh v thanh cng c hin ra. Cc tham s Chain, Offset, Radius gii thit ti phn V hnh phc Sketch.
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Dng cng c Draw v nh cc i tng khc. Nu c ng nhp t AutoCAD hoc ng v sn, dng nt c phn min. chn vo ng
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8. Material: nhn chn vt liu. Hp thoi vt liu hin ra, chn vt liu cn thit. 9. Nhn Apply. 10. Nhn Finish Edit Mode, kt thc v hnh phc. Min con c to ra.
IV-1.4.2 Sa min to
1. 2. Nhn tri chut vo min to. Thanh cng c hin ra.
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Nhn nt Edit Boundary sa bin dng. Mi trng hnh phc hin ra v li. Ti thanh Properties (hnh trn bn tri) c th cho li tham s nh chn li vt liu, t li tn v.v...
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A: Create a new toposurface axactly like the existing one: Chn mt s im c trong vng cn san lp v cho cao mi. B: Create a new toposurface based on the primeter point: V cc im mi c cao mi bao quanh khu vc cn san lp. Cc im nm trong khu vc ny s c cao nh cc im va v. Trng hp A: Nhn chn b mt a hnh. Mi trng b mt a hnh c kch hot, cc im trn b mt hin ra. Ko ca s chn cc im cn cho cao khc. Cc im ny chuyn thnh mu xanh.
Cho cao ti Elevation, chn Absolute Elevation. Trong v d ny l 100mm. V cc im bao quanh vng cn san lp.
Nhn Modify , kt thc chn. Nhn Finish Surface, kt thc lnh. Mt mi c to ra chng ln mt c. C th ko tch ring ra nh hnh di.
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Trong ny c cc gi tr: Projected Area: din tch d n. Surface Area: din tch khu vc. Net cut/fill: tng khi lng o, p. Fill: khi lng p. Cut: khi lng o.
IV-1.5.3 Xa hoc n b mt gc
1. 2. Ti thanh View Properties chn Phassing -> phase -> Existing nh hnh di. Xa mt: Nhn vo b mt a hnh c.
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Nhn Delete xa mt chn. Nu xa b mt gc, cn li b mt san lp th khi nhn vo b mt, khng hin ra c thng s o p. Cho n mt: Nhn vo b mt a hnh c. Nhn phi chut, trnh [n ng hin ra. Nhn chn Hide in view Element.
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V bin dng lp m: nhn Boundary Line. c th dng cc cng c ging nh v bin dng nn, mi hoc trn. Dng cc lnh v. Dng Pick Walls . Cho dc: Nhn nt Slope Arrow.
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Cc bc thc hin ging nh cho dc ca sn. Thay i thng s v tr lp m: trn thanh Properties, chn v cho cc tham s. Level: chn cao . Height Offset From Level: chnh cao so vi cao chn.
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Thay i cu trc tm: Nhn nt Edit Type. Thc hin ging nh cu kin kin trc ni chung (gii thiu tai phn sau). Hnh di l hp thoi cc lp ca lp m.
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Hnh di l mt ct v hnh 3D ca lp m.
Vic a cy ci, cc m hnh ngoi tht s c gii thiu ti phn Cc m hnh cnh quan. Ht phn ny.