Nha May Dien

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P
2010
li ni u
Trong nhng nm gn y, vi chnh sch kinh t mi, ng v nh nc ta ch

trng y mnh cng nghip ha v hin i ha t nc.. Cng vi s pht trin
mnh m ca cc nghnh cng nghip, nghnh nng lng Vit nam c nhng
bc tin vt bc, xng ng vi vai tr mi nhn v then cht trong nn kinh
t.Cng vi vic xy dng thnh cng ng dy ti in Bc Nam v mt s
cng trnh ln khc ,h thng in nc ta tng bc c ci to, nng cp. Xut
hin ngy cng nhiu nh my in v cc trm bin p phn phi in,do sn
lng cng nh cht lng in nng ngy cng c nng cao.
Do a hnh nc ta c nhiu i ni v cc con sng ln nn ta c th xy dng
cc nh my thy in. Nh my thy in em li nhng li ch khng nh v kinh
t cng nh k thut. Tuy nhin, xy dng nh my thy in li cn vn u t kinh
t ln v thi gian xy dng ko di nhiu nm. Do , theo kp tc pht trin
ca nn kinh t, p ng nhu cu trc mt v in nng ta cn thit phi xy dng
cc nh my nhit in : c vn u t t hn ,thi gian xy dng nhanh hn ...
Vic gii quyt ng n cc vn kinh t k thut s em li li ch khng
nh cho nn kinh t v h thng in.Trong bi cnh , thit k phn in nh my
nhit in v tnh ton ch vn hnh ti u khng ch l nhim v m cn l s
cng c ton din v mt kin thc i vi mi sinh vin nghnh h thng in trc
khi xm nhp thc t...
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio hng dn : PGS TS o Quang Thch
hng dn em tn tnh, gip em hon thnh bn n ny.
Sinh vin
Hong vn ng
HONG VN NG
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
Page 1
2010
CHNG I
TNH TON PH TI & cn bng cng sut

t nc ta ang trn pht trin mnh theo con ng cng nghip ho, hin
i ho, v th in nng ng vai tr quan trng v khng th thiu trong qu trnh
pht trin t nc. S h dng in v lng in nng tiu th khng ngng thay i
v tng nhanh chng. Do vy, m bo tin cy cung cp in v cc ch tiu
kinh t ngi ta s dng cc phng php thng k, lp nn th ph ti t
la chn phng thc vn hnh, s ni in hp l.
Trong nhim v thit k, ngi ta thng cho th ph ti hng ngy cc cp
in p v h s cng sut ca ph ti tng ng, cng c khi cho th ph ti hng
ngy ca ton nh my. Da vo th ph ti cc cp in p m xy dng th
ph ti tng ca ton nh my, ngoi phn ph ti ca h tiu th cc cp in p,
ph ti pht v h thng, cn c ph ti t dng ca nh my. Cng sut t dng ca
nh my nhit in ph thuc vo nhiu yu t (dng nhin liu, p lc hi ban u,
loi tuabin v cng sut ca chng, loi truyn ng i vi cc my bm cung
cp.v..v...) v chim khong 5 - 8% tng in nng pht ra.
th ph ti tng hp ca ton nh my thng v theo cng sut biu kin S
(MVA) c c chnh xc hn v h s cng sut ca ph ti cc cp in p
thng khc nhau. Nh vy, da vo th ph ti cc cp in p tin hnh tnh
ton ph ti v cn bng cng sut ton nh my theo thi gian hng ngy.
1.1 Chn my pht in :
Nh my nhit in gm 4 t my, cng sut mi my l 55 MW.
- Chn my pht in ng b tuabin hi c cc thng s sau :
Loi
my pht
TB-55-2
n
v/ph
3000
S
MVA
68,75
Thng s nh mc
P
U
MW
KV
55
11,5
cos
0,8
I
KA
3,462
in khng tng i
Xd
Xd
Xd
0,123
0,182
1,452
1.2 Tnh ton ph ti v cn bng cng sut :

Ta xy dng th ph ti cc cp in p, ta c :
P( t )
P( t )
P%( t )
% (t) =
. (2)
.100 P (t) =
.Pmax (1) ; S (t) =
Cos
Pmax
100
Trong :
- S : l cng sut biu kin ca ph ti thi im t.
- P : l cng sut tc dng ca ph ti ti thi im t.
- Cos : l h s cng sut ph ti.
- Cos : l h s cng sut ph ti.
1. Ph ti in p my pht (a phng) :
HONG VN NG
Page 2
2010
Um = 10 KV
;
Pmax = 13 MW
; Cos = 0,84
theo cc cng thc (1) v (2) ta c bng thng s sau
t(h)
0-6
6-8
8-12
12-14 14-16 16-18 18-20
Pdf%
60
65
85
80
90
100
70
Pdf(t)MVA
7,8
8,45
11,05
10,4
11,7
13
9,1
Sdf(t)MVA 9,296 10,06 13,155 12,381 13,929 15,476 10,833
20-24
65
8,45
10,06
th ph ti a phng
S (MVA)
20
13.929
15
13.155
12.381
10.833
10
10.06
9.296
5
0
t(h)
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
2. Ph ti in p trung :
Um = 110 KV
; Pmax = 60 MW
t(h)
PT%
PT(t)MVA
ST(t)MVA
0-6
6-8
8-12 12-14
60
70
95
85
36
42
57
51
40,909 47,727 64,773 57,955
Cos = 0,88 ;
14-16
100
60
68,182
16-18 18-20 20-24

85
70
60
51
42
36
57,955 47,727 40,909
th ph ti trung p
HONG VN NG
Page 3
S (MVA)
80
2010
68.182
64.773
57.955
60
47.727
47.727
40.909
40
20
0
t(h)
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
3. Ph ti ton nh my :
PNMmax = Pm = n.PmF = 4.55 = 220(MW) .
SNMmax = Sm = n.SmF = 4.68,75 =275 (MVA) .
Cos = 0,8.
t(h)
0-6
6-8
8-12
12-14
14-16
16-18
18-20
20-24
PNM%
75
80
90
85
100
85
80
80
PNM(t)MVA
165
176
198
187
220
187
176
176
220
247,5
233,75
275
233,75
220
220
SNM(t)MVA 206,25
th ph ti ton nh my
4. Cng sut t dng :
- Xc nh ph ti t dng ca nh my nhit in theo cng thc sau :
S td (t) = . S NMmax. ( 0,4 + 0,6.
S NM ( t )
);
S NM max
- Trong :
HONG VN NG
Page 4
2010
S td(t) : ph ti t dng ti thi im t.
S (MVA)
300
275
247.5
233.75
250
220
220
206.25
200
150
100
50
0
t(h)
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
S NMmax : cng sut t ca ton nh my.

S NM(t) : cng sut nh my pht ra ti thi im t.
: s phn trm lng in t dng.

S NMmax 275 (MVA) ; T dng ca nh my : = 6,8 % ;
- Tnh ton theo cng thc trn ta c bng kt qu sau :
t(h)
0-6
6-8
8-12
12-14
SNM(t)MVA 206,25
220
247,5 233,75
Std(t)MVA 15,895 16,456 17,578 17,017
HONG VN NG
14-16
275
18,7
16-18 18-20 20-24

233,75
220
220
17,017 16,456 16,456
Page 5
2010
thi ph ti t dng ca nh my
S (MVA)
19
18.5
18
17.5
17
16.5
15.895
16
15.5
0 2 4
18.7
17.578
17.017
16.456
16.456
t(h)
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
5. Cn bng cng sut ton nh my v cng sut pht vo h thng :

- Ta xc nh cng sut ca ton nh my theo biu thc :
SNM(t) = Sf (t) + ST (t) + Std (t) + SHT (t)
- Cng sut pht vo h thng :
SHT (t) = SNM (t) [Sf (t) + ST (t) + Std (t)]
- Bng tnh ton cn bng cng sut ton nh my v cng sut pht vo h thng :
t(h)
0-6
6-8
8-12
12-14
16-18
18-20
Sdf(t)MVA
9,286
10,06
13,155 12,381 13,929 15,476
10,83
Std(t)MVA
15,895 16,456 17,578 17,017 18,7
17,017
16,456 16,456
ST(t)MVA
40,909 47,727 64,773 57,955 68,182 57,955
47,727 40,909
SHT(t)MVA 140,16 145,76 151,99 146,4

SNM(t)MVA 206,25 220
HONG VN NG
247,5
14-16
20-24
10,06
174,19 143,302 144,99 152,575
233,75 275
233,75
220
220
Page 6
2010
S (MVA)
300
250
200
150
100
50
t(h)
0
0
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
1.3 Nhn xt :
Nh my in kh nng cung cp cho ph ti yu cu cp in p v ph
ti cc cp in p ,ngoi ra nh my cn pht cng sut v h thng.
-tnh cht cc ph ti in p
Ph ti a phng cp in p 10kv
Sdfmax=15,476MVA t (16-18)h
Sdfmin=10,06MVA t(6-8)v (20-24)
Ph ti cp in p 110kv c
STmax=68,182MVA t (14-16)
STmin=40,909MVA t (0-6)h v (20-24)
Ph ti ca nh my phn phi khng u nhau trn 3 cp in p v gi tr cc i
xut hin khng ng thi vi cc ph ti
HONG VN NG
Page 7
2010
-vai tr ca nh my in thit k i vi h thng :

Nh my pht cng sut tha vo h thng c
SHTmax=174,19MVA t (14-16)h
SHTmin=140,16 MVA t (0-6)h
-Kh nng pht trin ca nh my ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh v tr nh

my ,ia bn nh my ,ngun nhin liu ,
-do
Sdf max
16,667
=
.100 = 12,121% <15% nn khng cn dng thanh gp
2.SF dm
2.68,75
in p my pht
-Nh my in thit k ngoi vic cung cp in cho cc ph ti cp in p
v t dng cng pht v h thng mt lng cng sut ng k (ln hn cng sut d
tr quay ca h thng )nn nh hng rt ln n n nh ca h thng
HONG VN NG
Page 8
2010
chng ii
Chn s ni dy ca nh my
2.1 xut phng n :
A. S ni in chnh :
Thit b, MF, MBA, ....c ni vi nhau theo mt s nht nh gi l s
ni in chnh.
S ni in ph thuc vo s ngun, s ph ti, cng sut ngun, cng sut
ph ti,ph thuc vo tnh cht h tiu th, ph thuc vo kh nng u t ....
S phi tha mn iu kin :
+ V k thut :
- m bo an ton cung cp in theo yu cu.
- m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b.
+ V kinh t :
- Vn u t t .
- D vn hnh, thay th, lp t, sa cha.
- S linh hot trong vn hnh (vn hnh theo nhiu phng php).
- C kh nng pht trin v sau.
Chn s ni in chnh ca nh my in l mt khu quan trng trong qu
trnh thit k nh my in. Cc phng n vch ra phi m bo cung cp in lin
tc cho cc h tiu th v phi khc nhau v cch ghp ni my bin p vi cc cp
in p, v s lng v dung lng ca my bin p, v s lng my pht in ni
vo thanh gp in p my pht, s my pht in ghp b vi my bin p v.v...
- Cng sut mi b my pht in - my bin p khng ln hn d tr quay ca h
thng.
- Ph ti in p my pht ly r nhnh t cc b my pht my bin p vi cng
sut khng qu 15 % cng sut b.
- Khng ni b hai my pht vi mt my bin p v cng sut ca mt b nh vy s
ln hn d tr quay ca h thng.
- C pha cao v trung p u c trung tnh trc tip ni t nn ta s dng my bin
p t ngu lin lc.
T ta xut cc phng n :
B. Cc phng n :
1. Phng n I :
HONG VN NG
Page 9

ST
HT
220 KV
+ u im :
F1
F3
F2
2010
110 KV
F4
Gim c ti a s thit b ni vo thanh gp in p nn gi thnh r c li v

mt kinh t. C hai pha in p cao v in p trung u c trung tnh trc tip ni
t (U 110 kV) nn ta s dng my bin p t ngu lin lc. Mt khc, chng
loi my bin p t nn s d chn la thit b cng nh vn hnh, tin cy cao,
cung cp in m bo .
+ Nhc im :
C mt phn cng sut truyn qua hai ln bin p lm tng tn tht cng sut.
Nhng v s trn s dng my bin p t ngu lin lc nn tn tht cng sut
khng ng k, c th b qua.
ST
2. Phng n II:
220 KV
F3
F1
F2
110 KV
F4
+ u im :
HONG VN NG
Page 10
2010
V mt cng sut khc phc c nhc im ca phng n I, lun lun cung
cp cng sut cho cc ph ti cho d gp phi s c ngng mt trong cc my. Do

, tin cy cung cp in c nng cao, ci thin ng k.
+ Nhc im :
Chng loi my bin p nhiu gy kh khn trong vn hnh v sa cha.
Vn u t my bin p t hn so vi phng n mt
3. Phng n III:
ST
H
T
F3
F4
220 KV
F1
110 KV
F2
Nhn xt :
Tt c cc b my pht in my bin p u ni vo thanh gp in p cao
(220 kV) .Hai my bin p t ngu dng lin lc v truyn cng sut sang cho
thanh gp in p trung. Khi xy ra s c hng mt my bin p t ngu lin lc,
my bin p t ngu cn li khng m bo cung cp cho ph ti in p bn
trung (110 kV).
S lng v chng loi my bin p nhiu nn khng c li v mt kinh t v gy
kh khn trong tnh ton thit k cng nh trong vn hnh, sa cha.
* Kt lun :
So snh 3 phng n :
- Hai phng n u u c u im m bo cung cp in cho cc ph ti cc
cp in p v c cu to tng i n gin, d vn hnh.
- Phng n III tp trung qu nhiu chng loi my bin p ,cu to phc tp gy
nhiu kh khn trong vn hnh v sa cha. Bn trung p khng c b my pht my bin p nn khi s c 1 my bin p t ngu lin lc s khng cung cp cho
ph ti, khng m bo tin cy cung cp in.
HONG VN NG
Page 11
2010
Do , ta thy hai phng n I & II c nhiu u im hn, m bo an ton ,

tin cy, cung cp in n nh , d vn hnh ... nn ta chn hai phng n ny
so snh v mt kinh t, k thut, chn ra phng n ti u.
2.2 Chn my bin p
My bin p l mt thit b rt quan trng. Trong h thng in, tng cng sut
cc my bin p rt ln v bng khong 4 5 ln tng cng sut cc my pht in.
Do vn u t cho my bin p cng rt nhiu. Yu cu t ra l phi chn s
lng my bin p t v cng sut nh m vn m bo an ton cung cp in cho
cc h tiu th. iu c th t c bng cch thit k h thng in mt cch
hp l, dng my bin p t ngu v tn dng kh nng qu ti ca my bin p,
khng ngng ci tin cu to ca my bin p.
Trong h thng in ngi ta thng dng cc my bin p tng p v gim p, 2
cun dy v 3 cun dy. Cc my bin p 3 pha 2 cun dy v 3 cun dy c s
dng rng ri trong h thng in.
Trong h thng in c in p cao v trung tnh ni t trc tip thng dng
my bin p t ngu. Loi MBA ny c im u vit hn MBA thng : gi thnh
chi ph vt liu v tn hao nng lng khi vn hnh ca n nh hn so vi MBA
thng c cng cng sut.
2.3 phng n I
- s ni dy
HT
220 KV
F1
F2
ST
F3
110 KV
F4
1.Chn my bin p cho phng n I :

- B my pht in my bin p hai cun dy :
SmB = SmF = 68,75(MVA).
HONG VN NG
Page 12
2010
- B my pht in my bin p t ngu :

U U T 220 110
1
SmTN = .SmF ; : H s c li ; ( = C
=
= 0,5 )
UC
220
1
- Ta c : SmB 68,75 = 137,5 (MVA).
0,5
- Bng tham s my bin p cho phng n I :
Loi
MBA
T
ATTH
Um (KV)
Sm
UN %
PN
P0
MVA
CT
C-H
TH
80
121
10,5
10,5
160
230
121
11
11
32
20
I0 %
C-T
C-H
T-H
70
310
0,55
85
380
0,5
2. Phn phi cng sut : cc my bin p v cc cun dy :

+ Cc b my pht my bin p hai cun dy vn hnh vi ph ti bng phng
sut trong nm :
1
1
S BT =SB3=SB3= S mF - .S tdmax = 68,75 - .18,7 = 64,075(MVA)
4
4
+ Cng sut truyn qua my bin p t ngu :
- Cng sut truyn qua cun cao :
1
S c(t) = .S HT(t)
2
- Cng sut truyn qua cun trung :
1
S t(t) = .[S T(t) 2.S BT]
2
- Cng sut truyn qua cun h :
S h(t) = S T (t) + S c(t)
- Sau khi tnh ton ta c bng phn phi cng sut :
t(h)
0-6
6-8
8-12
12-14
14-16
16-18
18-20
20-24
Sc
70,08
72,88
75,995
73,2
87,095
71,654
72,495
76,288
ST
-43,621
-40,211
-31,69
-35,098
-29,984
-35,098
-40,211
-43,621
SH
26,459
31,211
44,265
38,102
57,111
36,556
32,284
32,667
3. Kim tra qu ti :
* Khi lm vic bnh thng :
Cng sut nh mc ca cc my bin p chn ln hn cng sut cc i nn
khng cn kim tra iu kin qu ti khi lm vic bnh thng .
HONG VN NG
Page 13
2010
Khi s c
a. S c mt b my pht my bin p bn trung
HT
220 KV
55,057
ST
110 KV
55,057
2,054
2,054
57,111
64,075
F1
F3 F4
F2
- B my pht in my bin p hai dy qun bn trung :
1
1
SBT = SmF - Std = 68,75 .18,7 = 64,075 (MVA).
4
4
+ iu kin kim tra s c : 2Kqt .SmTN STmax- SBT SmTN
SmTN
ST max SBT
2K qt
68,182 64,075
= 2,93 (MVA)
2.0,5.1,4
SmTN = 160 (MVA) > 2,93 (MVA) tha mn iu kin s c .

+ Phn b cng sut trn cc cun dy MBA t ngu khi xy ra s c :
- Cng sut qua cun trung ca my bin p t ngu:
1
1
ST = .(STmax SBT) = .(68,182 - 64,075) = 2,054 (MVA)
2
2
- Cng sut qua cun h ca my bin p t ngu :
S H = S dmF
1
1
1
1
S td S df = 68,75 18,7 13,929 = 57,111( MVA).
4
2
4
2
- Cng sut truyn qua cun cao ca my bin p t ngu :

S C = S H S T = 57,111 2,054 = 55,057( MVA).
- Khi , cng sut pht ln h thng l 174,19 (MVA), v th lng cng sut thiu
l :
Sthiu = S HT 2S C = 174,19 2.55,057 = 64,076( MVA).
Lng cng sut thiu nh hn d tr quay ca h thng nn my bin p chn
tho mn .
B s c mt my bin p t ngu lin lc
HONG VN NG
Page 14

ST
HT
220 KV
2010
110 KV
110,115
59,969
64,075
64,075
50,146
F1
F3
F2
+ iu kin kim tra s c :

.Kqt .SmTN STmax- 2.SBT SmTN
SmTN = 160 (MVA)
F4
ST max 2.SBT
K qt
68,182 2.64,075
= 85,67( MVA) tha mn iu kin.
0,5.1,4
+ Xt phn b cng sut trn cc cun dy ca MBA t ngu khi s c :

- Cng sut truyn qua cun trung :
S T = S T max 2.S BT = 68,182 2.64,075 = 59,969( MVA).
(Cng sut truyn t bn trung p (110 kV) sang nn mang du m)

- Cng sut truyn qua cun h ca MBA t ngu :
S H = S dmF
1
1
S td S df = 68,75 18,7 13,929 = 50,146( MVA).
4
4
- Cng sut truyn qua cun cao ca my bin p t ngu :

S C = S H S T = 50,146 (59.969) = 110,115( MVA).
- Khi , cng sut pht ln h thng l 174,19 (MVA), v th lng cng sut thiu
l :
Sthiu = S HT S C = 174,19 110,115 = 64,075( MVA).
- Lng cng sut thiu nh hn d tr quay ca h thng nn my bin p chn
tho mn .
2.4. phng n II
HONG VN NG
Page 15
2010
ST
220 KV
110 KV
F4
F3
F2
F1
- B my pht in - my bin p hai dy qun bn trung :
SmB SmF = 68,75 (MVA).
- B my pht in my bin p hai dy qun bn cao :
SmB SmF = 68,75 (MVA).
- B my pht in my bin p t ngu :
SmB
Loi
1
.68,75 = 137,5 (MVA).
0,5
Um (KV)
Sm
UN %
PN
CT
C-H
TH
P0
80
121
10,5
10,5
80
242
10,5
11
ATTH
160
230
121
11
11
32
MBA
T
MVA
I0 %
C-T
C-H
T-H
70
310
0,55
80
320
0,6
20
85
380
0,5
2. Tnh dng phn phi cho cc my bin p v cc cun dy :

+ Cc b my pht my bin p hai cun dy vn hnh vi ph ti bng phng
sut trong nm :
1
1
SBC = S BT = S mF - .S tdmax = 68,75 - .18,7 = 64,075 (MVA)
4
4
+ Cng sut truyn qua my bin p t ngu :
- Cng sut truyn qua cun cao :
1
Sc ( t ) = [SHT ( t ) SBC ]
2
- Cng sut truyn qua cun trung:
HONG VN NG
Page 16
2010
1
[ST ( t ) SBT ]
2
- Cng sut truyn qua cun h :
S h ( t ) = S t ( t ) + Sc ( t )
St (t ) =
t(h)
0-6
6-8
8-12
12-14
14-16
16-18
18-20
20-24
Sc
38,043
40,843
43,958
41,163
55,058
39,614
40,208
44,25
ST
-11,583
-8,174
0,349
-3,06
2,054
-3,06
-8,174
-11,583
SH
26,46
32,669
44,307
38,103
57,112
36,554
32,034
32,667
3. kim tra qu ti.

Khi lm vic bnh thng.
Cng sut nh mc ca cc my bin p chn ln hn cng sut cc i nn
khng cn kim tra iu kin qu ti bnh thng
Khi s c:
a). Xt s c b my pht my bin p bn trung.
ST
HT
220 KV
F3
F1
F2
110 KV
F4
- B my pht in my bin p hai dy qun :

1
1
SB = SdmF S td = 68,75 - .18,7 = 64,075 (MVA).
4
4
+ iu kin kim tra s c :
ST max
68,182
=
= 48, 701( MVA)
2 K qt .SdmTN ST max S dmTN
2. .K qt 2.0,5.1, 4
Ta c : SdmTN = 160 (MVA) > 48,701 (MVA) nn iu kin trn tho mn .
+ Phn b cng sut trn cc cun dy MBA t ngu khi xy ra s c :
HONG VN NG
Page 17
2010
- Cng sut truyn ti qua cun trung ca my bin p t ngu l :

1
68,182
ST = .STmax =
= 34,091 (MVA).
2
2
- Cng sut truyn ti qua cun h ca my bin p t ngu l :
SH = SdmF -
1
1
1
1
Std - Sdf = 68,75 - 18,7 - 13,929 = 57,111 (MVA).
4
2
4
2
- Cng sut truyn qua cun cao ca my bin p t ngu l :

SC = S H ST = 57,111 34, 091 = 23, 02( MVA).
Cng sut cn pht vo h thng l 174,19 MVA, cng sut cn thiu l:
Sthiu = SHT - SC = 174,19 - 23,02 = 151,17 MVA
Lng cng sut thiu ng hn cng sut d tr quay ca h thng nn my bin p
chn th mn.
b). s c mt my bin p lin lc ( my bin p t ngu, ST max)
ST
HT
220 KV
F3
F1
- iu kin kim tra s c :

S dmTN
F2
110 KV
F4
. K qt .SmTN STmax - SB
ST max S B 68,182 64, 075

=
= 5,867( MVA)
.K qt
0,5.1, 4
My bin p chn tho mn iu kin qu ti v SdmTN = 160 > 5,867

- Xt phn b cng sut trn cc cun dy ca MBA trong iu kin s c :
- Cng sut truyn qua cun trung ca my bin p :
ST = ST max S B = 68,182 64, 075 = 4,107( MVA).
- Cng sut truyn qua cun h ca my bin p :
1
1
S H = SdmF Std Sdf = 68, 75 18, 7 13,929 = 50,146(MVA).
4
4
- Cng sut pha cao ca my bin p t ngu :
SC = S H ST = 50,146 4,107 = 46, 039( MVA).
HONG VN NG
Page 18
2010
- Cng sut cn pht vo h thng l 174,19 MVA ,lng cng sut cn thiu l :
Sthiu = SHT - (SC + SB) = 174,19 - ( 46,039 + 64,075) =64,076 (MVA)
- Lng cng sut thiu nh hn d tr quay ca h thng (200MVA) nn my bin
p chn tho mn .
2.5 - Tnh tn tht cng sut v tn tht in nng :
- Tn tht trong my bin p hai cun dy v my bin p t ngu gm hai phn:
+ Tn tht st khng ph thuc vo ph ti ca my bin p v bng tn tht khng
ti ca n.
+ Tn tht ng trong dy dn ph thuc vo ph ti my bin p.
Cng thc tnh tn tht in nng trong my bin p ba pha hai cun dy trong mt
nm :
Si2 .t i
A 2cd = 365.(Po.t + PN. 2

)
SdmB
+ i vi my bin p t ngu ba pha :
365
2
2
ATN = 365.Po.t + 2 . (PNC .SCi
.t i + PNT .STi
.t i + PNH .S2Hi .t i )
SdmB
Trong :
- SCi, STi, SHi : l cng sut ti qua cun trung, cao, h ca my bin p t ngu
trong thi gian t.
- S i : l cng sut ti qua my bin p hai cun dy trong khong thi gian t.
- Po : tn hao st t.
- PNm : tn tht ngn mch.
* Tn hao ngn mch ca cc cun dy trong my bin p t ngu :
PN.CH PN.T H
PN.C = 0,5.(PN.C-T +
)
2
2
PN.CH PN.T H
PN.T = 0,5.(PN.C-T +
)
2
2
PN.CH PN.T H
PN.C = 0,5.(- PN.C-T +
+
)
2
2
* T cc thng s trn ca my bin p ta tnh c tn tht in nng trong my
bin p trong tng phng n :
I. Phng n I :
a. My bin p ba pha hai dy qun :
My bin p 3&4 lun lm vic vi cng sut truyn qua n SB = 64,075 (MVA)
trong c nm, do :
AB = 8760.(70 + 310.
HONG VN NG
64, 0752
) = 2355259,78 (KWh).
802
Page 19
2010
b. My bin p t ngu :
C PNC-T do ta ly PNC-H = PNT-H =
1
PNC-T = 190 KW.
2
190 190
) = 190 KW
0,52 0,52
190 190
PNT = 0,5.(380 ) = 190 KW
+
0,52 0,52
190 190
PNH = 0,5.(-380 +
) = 570 KW
+
0,52 0,52
PNC = 0,5.(380 +
SCi2 .t i = 70,082.6 + 72,882.2 + 75,9952.2 + 73,22.2 + 87,0952.2 + 71,6542.2
+ 72,4952.2 + 76,2882.4 = 133113,51 kWh

STi2 .t i = 43,6212.6 + 40,2112.2 + 31,692.2 + 35,0982.2 + 29,9842.2 + 35,0982.2
+ 40,2112.2 + 43,6212.4 = 36238,2 kWh
S2Hi .t i = 26,4592.6 + 31,2112.2 + 44,2652.2 + 38,1022.2 + 57,1112.2 + 36,5562.2
+ 32,2842.2 + 32,6672.4 = 32438,87 kWh
- T ta c :
ATN = 8760.85 +
365
(190.133113,51 + 190.36238,2 + 570.32438,87 )
1602
= 1467000,312 kWh.
* Phng n I c tng tn tht in nng ca cc my bin p trong mt nm l :
AI = AB1 + AB2 + AB3 + AB4
= 2 . 2355259,78 + 2 .1467000,312 = 7644520,184 kWh
II. Phng n II :
a. My bin p ba pha hai dy qun :
My bin p lun lm vic vi cng sut truyn qua n SB = 64,075 MVA trong
c nm, do :
My bin p 4 bn trung p :
AB4 = 8760.(70 + 310.
64, 0752
) = 2355259,78 (KWh).
802
My bin p 3 bn cao :
AB3 = 8760.(80 +320.
64, 0752
) = 2499055,26 (KWh).
802
b. My bin p t ngu :
C PNC-T do ta ly PNC-H = PNT-H =
PNC = 0,5.(380 +
HONG VN NG
1
PNC-T = 190 KW.
2
190 190
) = 190 KW
0,52 0,52
Page 20
2010
190 190
) = 190 KW
+
0,52 0,52
190 190
PNH = 0,5.(-380 +
) = 570 KW
+
0,52 0,52
PNT = 0,5.(380 -
SCi2 .t i = 28,0432.6 + 40,8432.2 + 43,9582.2 + 41,1632.2 + 55,0582.2 + 39,6142.2

+ 40,0282.2 + 44,252.4 = 37393,255 kWh
STi2 .t i = 11,5832.6 + 8,1742.2 + 0,3492.2 + 3,062.2 + 2,0542.2 + 3,062.2
+ 8,1742.2 + 11,5832.4 = 1655,295 kWh
S2Hi .t i = 26,462.6 + 32,6692.2 + 44,3072.2 + 38,1032.2 + 57,1122.2 + 36,5542.2
+ 32,0342.2 + 32,6672.4 = 32608,271 kWh
- T ta c :
ATN = 8760.85 +
365
(190. 37393,255 + 190. 1655,295 + 570. 32608,271)
1602
= 1115387,802 kWh.
Phng n II c tng tn tht in nng ca cc my bin p trong mt nm l :
AII = AB1 + AB2 + AB4 + AB3
= 2. 1115387,802 + 2499055,26 + 2355259,78 = 7085090,644 KWh
2.2.4 .Tnh dng in lm vic bnh thng v dng in lm vic cng bc
1. Phng n I :
a. Cc mch pha cao p 220 KV:
- Mch ng dy :
Ibt =
S HT max
2 3.U dm
174,19
= 0, 229( KA)
2 3.220
Icb = 2.Ibt = 2.0,229 = 0,458 (KA).

* My bin p lin lc :
- Cun cao ca my bin p lin lc khi lm vic bnh thng:
Ibt =
SC max
3.U dm
87, 095
= 0, 229( KA).
3.220
Dng cng bc c xt trong cc trng hp sau :

+ Khi s c my bin p bn trung :
Icb =
SC
55, 057
=
= 0,144( KA)
3.U dm
3.220
+ Khi s c my bin p t ngu (STmax):

HONG VN NG
Page 21

Icb =
SC
3.U dm
2010
110,115
= 0, 289( KA)
3.220
Icb = max{0,458; 0,289 ; 0,144) = 0,458 (KA).

b. Cc mch pha 110 KV :
* Mch ng dy (1 ng dy kp):
Ibt =
1 ST max
1 68,182
.
= .
= 0,179 (KA).
2 3.U dm 2 3.110
Icb = 2.Ibt =2.0,179 = 0,358 (KA)

* Mch my bin p ni b MF - MBA hai dy qun :
Ibt =
S dmF
3.U dm
68, 75
= 0,361( KA)
3.110
Icb = 1,05.Ibt =1,05.0,361 = 0,379 (KA)

* My bin p lin lc :
- Cun trung ca my bin p lin lc khi lm vic bnh thng :
Ibt =
ST
43, 621
=
= 0, 229( KA).
3.U dm
3.110

+ khi s c my bin p bn trung :
Icb =
ST
2, 054
=
= 0, 011( KA)
3.U dm
3.110
+ Khi s c my bin p t ngu ti thi im STmax :

Icb =
ST
59,969
=
= 0,315( KA)
3.U dm
3.110
Icb= max (0,379 ; 0,011 ; 0,315 ; 0,358 ) = 0,379 (KA).

c. Cc mch pha 10,5 kV :
- Mch my pht :
SdmF
68, 75
=
= 3, 78( KA)
Ibt =
3.U dm
3.10,5
Icb = 1,05.Ibt =1,05. 3,78 = 3,969 (KA).
Tng hp kt qu ta c bng sau:
Cp in p
Dng in
Icb (kA)
HONG VN NG
220 KV
110 KV
10,5 KV
0,458 KA
0,379 KA
3,969 KA
Page 22
2010
II. Phng n II :
a. Cc mch pha cao p 220 KV:
- Mch ng dy :
S HT max
Ibt =
2 3.U dm
174,19
= 0, 229( KA)
2 3.220
Icb = 2.Ibt = 2.0,229 = 0,458 (KA).

* My bin p lin lc :
- Cun cao ca my bin p lin lc khi lm vic bnh thng:
SC max
Ibt =
3.U dm
55,508
= 0,146( KA).
3.220

+ Khi s c my bin p bn trung :
Icb =
SC
23, 02
=
= 0, 060( KA)
3.U dm
3.220
+ Khi s c my bin p t ngu (STmax):

Icb =
SC
3.U dm
46, 039
= 0,121( KA)
3.220
Icb = max{0,458; 0,06 ; 0,121) = 0,458 (KA).

b. Cc mch pha 110 KV :
* Mch ng dy (1 ng dy kp):
Ibt =
1 ST max
1 11,583
.
= .
= 0, 03 (kA).
2 3.U dm 2 3.110
Icb = 2.Ibt =2.0,03 = 0,06 (KA)

* Mch my bin p ni b MF - MBA hai dy qun :
Ibt =
S dmF
3.U dm
68, 75
= 0,361( KA)
3.110
Icb = 1,05.Ibt =1,05.0,361 = 0,379 (KA)

* My bin p lin lc :
- Cun trung ca my bin p lin lc khi lm vic bnh thng :
Ibt =
ST max
3.U dm
11,583
= 0, 061( KA).
3.110

+ khi s c my bin p bn trung :
HONG VN NG
Page 23

Icb =
2010
ST
34,091
=
= 0,179( KA)
3.U dm
3.110
+ Khi s c my bin p t ngu ti thi im STmax :

Icb =
ST
4,107
=
= 0, 022( KA)
3.U dm
3.110
Icb= max (0,06 ;0,379; 0,179 ; 0,022) = 0,379 (KA).

c. Cc mch pha 10,5 kV :
- Mch my pht :
SdmF
68, 75
=
= 3, 78( KA)
Ibt =
3.U dm
3.10,5
Icb = 1,05.Ibt =1,05. 3,78 = 3,969 (KA).
Tng hp kt qu ta c bng sau:
Cp in p
Dng in
Icb (kA)
HONG VN NG
220 KV
110 KV
10,5 KV
0,458 KA
0,379 KA
3,969 KA
Page 24
2010
Chng Iii
Tnh ton dng in ngn mch

I - Mc ch :
Mc ch tnh ton dng in ngn mch l la chn cc kh c in v cc
phn t khi c dng in chy qua, nhng thit b phi tho mn iu kin lm
vic bnh thng v c tnh n nh khi c dng in ngn mch. Do vy vic tnh
ton ngn mch chnh l la chn cc kh c in v cc phn t c dng in
chy qua,ng cong tnh ton dng tnh dng in ti im ngn mch, biu th
quan h gia ln tng i ca dng in ngn mch v in khng tnh ton ca
mch in ngn mch ti nhng thi im khc nhau.
tnh c dng in ngn mch trc ht phi thnh lp s thay th, chn
cc i lng c bn nh : cng sut c bn v in p c bn, tnh in khng cc
phn t.
3.1. Tnh in khng cc phn t trong s thay th

Ta chn : Scb =100 MVA
Ucb = Utb = Umtb.
Cp in p 220 KV c Utb = 230 kV
Cp in p 110 KV c Utb = 115 kV
Cp in p 10 KV c Utb = 10,5 kV
Scb
100
=
= 0,026
SN
3800
- H thng : X ht =
- ng dy: Nh my thit k c ni vi h thng bng mt ng dy kp c

chiu di L = 97 km ; SHTmax = 174,19 MVA
Dng in lm vic bnh thng l :
Ilvbt =
Tmax =
1
SHTmax
SHTmax
174,19
=
= 0,229 kA
2 3 .U C
2 3 .220
24
.SHTi .ti =
i=0
365
(140,16.6 + 145,76.2 + 151,99.4 + 146,4.2 + 174,19.2
174,19
+ 143,302.2 + 144,99.2 + 152,575.4) = 7904,818h
Tra bng vi dy nhm li thp v Tmax = 7904,818 h ta c Jkt = 1 A/mm2

Tit din ca ng dy ni nh my vi h thng :
HONG VN NG
Page 25
2010
Ilvbt
0,229 . 103
F Fkt =
=
= 229 mm 2
J kt
1
Ta chn dy AC - 240 c X0 = 0,401 /km, Icp = 605 A .

Kim tra dy chn theo iu kin pht nng lu di cho php : Icp Icb
Trong :
- Icb l dng lm vic cng bc : Icb = 2.Ilvbt = 2.0,229.103 = 558A
- Icp l dng cho php lm vic lu di hiu chnh theo nhit ni t thanh
dn.
I'cp = k hc .Icp =
cp - 0
cp - oqd
.Icp =
70 - 35
.605 = 533,56A > Ilvsc = 458A
70 - 25
Vy dy dn chn tho mn iu kin pht nng lu di cho php.

Ta c :
Xd =
X 0 .L Scb
0,401.97 100
2 =
= 0,037
2
U cb3
2
2302
X1 = Xht + Xd = 0,026 + 0,037 = 0,063

- My bin p t ngu :
Tnh in p ngn mch cc cp :
1
1
( U NC-T % + U NC-H % - U NT-H % ) = (11 + 32 - 20 ) =11,5
2
2
1
1
U NT % = ( U NC-T % + U NT-H % - U NC-H % ) = (11 + 20- 32 ) 0
2
2
1
1
U NH % = ( U NC-H % + U NT-H % - U NC-T % ) = ( 32 + 20 - 11) =20,5
2
2
U NC % =
in khng thay th:
HONG VN NG
Page 26

XC =
U NC %
S
1 1 ,5 1 0 0
cb =
= 0 ,0 7 2
100
S T N dm
100 160
XT =
U NT %
S
0 100
cb =
= 0
100
S T N dm
100 160
XH =
U NH %
S
2 0 ,5 1 0 0
cb =
= 0 ,1 2 8
100
S T N dm
100 160
2010
Do , ta c : X2 = X3 = XC = 0,072 ; X4 = X5 = XH = 0,128 ; XT = 0
- My bin p hai dy qun bn trung :
X6 = X7 =
U N % Scb
10,5 100
= 0,131
100 Sdm
100
80
- My bin p hai dy qun bn cao :

X7 =
U N % S cb
11
100
= 0,138
100
S dm
100
80
- My pht in :
X 8 = X 9 = X 10 = X 11 = X "d
S cb
100
= 0,123
= 0,179
S Fdm
68,75
3.2. Phng n I :
S ni in nh sau
Chn cc im ngn mch trn hnh v
HONG VN NG
Page 27
2010
HT
N1
N2
220kV
110kV
N3
N5
N4
F2
F1
S thay th
F3
F4
E HT
X1
N1
N2
X3
X2
X6
X7
X10
X11
X5
X4
N3
N5
N4
X8
X9
E2 im ngn mch tnh ton

E1ngn mch ti cc
E3 :
+ Tnh dng
E4
* im ngn mch N1 :
HONG VN NG
Page 28
2010
Cp in p 220 KV, cc thit b nh : my ct ,dao cch ly... ta nn chn cng mt
loi .V vy, ta chn N1 l im ngn mch trn thanh gp 220 KV. Ngun cung cp
bao gm tt c cc my pht in ca nh my thit k v h thng.
EHT
X1/ 0,063
X2/ 0,072
X3
X7/ 0,131
X6
X4/0,128
X5
0,082
X8/0,179
X10
X9
E2
E1
X11
E3
E4
- N1 l im ngn mch c tnh cht i xng , sau khi thu gn s ta c :

EHT
X12 =
X 2 X 3 0,072
=
= 0,036
2
2
2
N1
X13 =
X 4 + X 8 X 5 + X 9 0,128 + 0,179
=
=
= 0,154
2
2
2
X14 =
X 6 + X 10 X 7 + X 11 0,131 + 0,179
=
=
= 0,155
2
2
2
- Pha nh my ta ghp ngun li :

X15 = (X13//X14) ntX12 X15 =
X12/ 0,023
X14/ 0,12
X13/ 0,154
E3,4
E12
X 13 . X 14
0,154.0,155
+ X 23 =
+ 0,036 = 0,113 .
X 13 + X 14
0,154 + 0,155
- S ti gin l :
HONG VN NG
Page 29

X1/ 0,063
2010
X15/ 0,113
E ht
E 1,2,3,4
- Nhnh h thng c mc in khng tnh ton l :

XttHT = X 1 .
S dmHT
3100
= 0,063.
= 1,953
S cb
100
- Tra ng cong tnh ton ta c :

I CK(0) = 0,5 ; I CK() = 0,52
- Dng ngn mch pha h thng :
IHT (0)= I CK(0).
S HT
IHT() = I CK().
S HT
3.U cb
= 0,5.
3.U cb
3100
3.230
= 3,89( KA)
3100
= 0,52.
3.230
= 4,045( KA)
- in khng tnh ton pha nh my :

XttNM = X 15 .
S NM
4.68,75
= 0,113.
= 0,311
S cb
100

I CK(0) = 3,2 ; I CK() = 2,25
- Dng ngn mch pha nh my cung cp :
INM = I CK(0).
S NM
3.U cb
I NM() = I CK().
= 3,2.
S NM
3.U cb
4.68,75
3.230
= 2,25.
= 2,209( KA)
4.67,85
3.230
= 1,553( KA)
- Dng ngn mch ti N1 :

IN1 = IHT + INM = 3,89 + 2,209 = 6,099 (KA).
IN1() = IHT() + INM() = 4,045 + 1,533 = 5,578 (KA).
- Dng in xung kch :
IXKN1 =
2 .Kxk. IN1 = 2 .1,8.6,099 = 15,53 (KA)
* im ngn mch N2 :
HONG VN NG
Page 30
2010
HT
X1
N2
0,063
X2
X3
0,072
0,072
X4
X5
0,128
0,128
X8
X9
0,179
E1
0,179
X6
X7
0,131
0,131
X10
X11
0,179
0,179
E3
E2
E4
- N2 l im ngn mch c tnh cht i xng , sau khi thu gn s ta c :

EHT
X12 = X1 +
X13 =
X2
0,072
= 0,063+
= 0,099
2
2
12
0,099
(X5 + X9 ) 0,128+ 0,179

=
= 0,154
2
2
( X + X 11 ) 0,131 + 0,179
X14 = 7
=
= 0,155
2
2
- Ghp cc ngun E1,2 v E3,4 ta c :

X13.X14
0,154.0,155
=
= 0,077
X15 = (X13 // X14) =
X13 + X14 0,154+ 0,155
E 12
N2
13
X 14
0,154
0,155
E 34
- S ti gin l :
X 12
E HT
0,099
X 15
N2
0,077
E 1234

XttHT = X 12 .
S dmHT
3100
= 0,099.
= 3,069
S cb
100
HONG VN NG
Page 31
2010
(XttHT = 3,069 > 3)
- Dng ngn mch pha h thng ti mi thi im :

IHT =
1
X ttHT
S dmHT
3.U cb
1
3100
.
= 5,071( KA)
3,069 3.115

XttNM = X 15 .
S NM
4.68,75
= 0,077.
= 0,212
S cb
100
- Tra ng cong tnh ton ta c : I CK(0) = 4,9 ; I CK()= 2,5

INM = I CK(0).
S NM
3.U cb
I NM() = I CK().
= 4,9.
S NM
3.U cb
4.68,75
3.115
= 2,5.
= 6,765( KA)
4.68,75
3.115
= 3,452( KA)

IN2 = IHT + INM = 5,071 + 6,765 = 11,836 (KA).
IN2() = I HT() + INM() = 5,071 + 3,452 = 8,523 (KA).
- Dng in xung kch :
IXKN2 =
2 .Kxk. IN2 = 2 .1,8.11,836 = 30,13 (KA)
* im ngn mch N3
HT
X1
0,063
X2
X3
0,072
0,072
X4
X5
0,128
0,128
X6
X7
0,131
0,131
N3
X9
0,179
E2
HONG VN NG
E3
X10
X11
0,179
0,179
E4
Page 32

- Thu gn cc khng :
X12 = X1 +
2010
E
HT
X2
0,072
= 0,063+
= 0,099.
2
2
X12
0,099
X13 = X4 = 0,128
X14 =
( X 6 + X 10 ) 0,131 + 0,179
=
= 0,155
2
2
X13
X15 = X5 + X9 = 0,128 + 0,179 = 0,307
0,128
X14
0,155
X15
0,307
- Ghp ngun E2 vi ngun E3,4 ta c :

X16 = (X14//X15) =
0,155.0,307
= 0,103 .
0,155 + 0,307
N3
E2
E34
+ S rt gn :
X12/ 0,099
EHT
X16/ 0,103
E2,3,4
X13/ 0,128
- Bin i Y (X12, X13, X16) (X17, X18) b nhnh cn bng ta c :

X17 = X12 + X13 +
X 12 . X 13
0,099.0,128
= 0,099 + 0,128 +
= 0,350
X 16
0,103
X18 = X13 + X16 +
X 13 . X 16
0,128.0,103
= 0,128 + 0,103 +
= 0,364
X 12
0,099
X17/ 0,350
X18/ 0,364
EHT
E 2,3,4

Xtt1 = X 17 .
S dmHT
3100
= 0,35.
= 10,85
S cb
100
(XttHT = 10,85 > 3)

IHT =
1
X ttHT
S dmHT
3.U cb
HONG VN NG
1
3100
.
= 15,71( KA)
10,85 3.10,5
Page 33
2010

XttNM = X 18 .
S NM
3.68,75
= 0,364.
= 0,751
S cb
100

I CK(0) = 1,36 ; I CK() = 1,4
INM = I CK(0).
INM() = I CK().
S NM
3.U cb
= 1,36.
S NM
3.U cb
3.68,75
= 1,4.
3.10,5
3.68,75
3.10,5
= 15,424( KA)
= 15,877( KA)

IN3 = IHT + INM = 15,71 + 15,424 = 31,134 (KA).
IN3() = I HT() + INM() = 15,71 +15,877 = 31,587 (KA).
Dng in xung kch :
IXKN3 =
2 .Kxk. IN3 = 2 .1,8.31,134 = 79,254 (KA).
* im ngn mch N4:

Nhm chn kh c in mch t dng, ngun cung cp gm h thng v tt c cc
my pht ca nh my in thit k. Do ngun cung cp cho im ngn mch N4
ch c my pht F1 nn ta c s thay th tnh ton ngn mch nh sau:
0,179
N4
Ta c : Sdm = SFdm = 68,75 MVA
S
68,75
X tt = X8 dm = 0,179
= 0,123
Scb
100
Tra ng cong tnh ton ta c : Itt(0) = 8 ; Itt() = 2,75

Dng in c bn tnh ton :
HONG VN NG
Page 34
2010
I dm =
Sdm
68,75
=
= 3,780 kA
3.U tb
3.10,5
Vy dng ngn mch ti N4 l :
"
N4
( 0 ) = I tt ( 0 ) .I d m
= 8 .3 ,7 8 = 3 0 ,2 4 k A
I " N 4 ( ) = I tt ( ) .I d m = 2 ,7 5 .3 ,7 8 = 1 0 ,3 9 5 k A
Dng xung kch ti im ngn mch N4 l :
I xkN 3 =
e.
2 .k xk .I " N 4 (0) =
2 .1,8.30,24 = 76,978 kA
Tnh ton ngn mch ti im N5
"
"
"
Dng ngn mch ti N4 l: I N = I N 3 + I N 4
I "N 5 ( 0 ) = I "N 3 ( 0 ) + I "N 4 ( 0 ) = 3 1 ,1 3 4 + 3 0 ,2 0 4 = 6 1 ,3 3 8 k A

I "N 5 ( ) = I "N 3 ( ) + I "N 4 ( ) = 3 1 ,5 8 7 + 1 0 ,3 9 6 = 4 1 ,9 3 8 k A
Dng xung kch ti im ngn mch N5 l:

IxkN5 = 2.kxk.I"N5(0) = 2.1,8.60,641 = 156,141kA
Bng kt qu tnh ton ngn mch cho phng n 1 :

IN(kA)
IN (kA)
Ixk(kA)
N1
6,099
5,578
15,53
N2
11,836
8,532
31,13
N3
31,134
31,587
79,254
N4
30,24
10,395
76,978
N5
61,338
41,398
156,414
3.3. phng n 2
HONG VN NG
Page 35
2010
HT
220kV N1
110kV
N2
N3
N5
N4
F1
F4
F2
F3
S thay th
EHT
X
N1
X
X
0,063
0,072
N2
0,072
0,138
0,131
0,128
0,128
N3
N4
X10
N5
0,179
E3
0,179
E1
0,179
E2
11
0,179
E4
a. Tnh ton ngn mch ti im N1

Lp v bin i s thay th :
HONG VN NG
Page 36
2010
EHT
X
0,063
N1
X
0,072
X6
0,072
0,138
0,131
0,128
X10
X8
0,179
X9
0,179
E3
E1
0,128
X11
0,179
0,179
E2
E4
im ngn mch N1 c tnh cht i xng, sau khi thu gn s ta c :

EHT
X 12
X
0,072
= 2 =
= 0,036
2
2
X 13
X + X 8 0,128 + 0,179
= 4
=
= 0,154
2
2
0,063
N1
X12
X15
0,036
X14
0,317
0,31
X13
0,154
X 14 = X 5 + X 9 =0,131 + 0,179 = 0,31

E3
X 15 =X 6 +X 10 =0,138+0,179=0,317
= 0,036 +
E4
EHT
Nhp hai ngun E12 v E4 li :
X1
0,063
N1
X13 .X14
X16 = X12 +
X13 + X14
E12
0,154.0,31
= 0,139
0,154 + 0,31
X15
X16
0,317
0,139
Nhp hai ngun E3 v E124 li :

E
HONG VN NG
124
Page 37

X17 =
2010
X15 .X16
0,317.0,139
=
= 0,097
X15 + X16
0,317 + 0,139
Ta c s rt gn nh sau :
X1
0,063
E HT
X 17
0,097
N1
E 1234
Tnh dng ngn mch ti im N1 cc thi im t = 0 v t =

- Pha nhnh h thng : Sdm1 = SHT = 3100 MVA ta c:
1
X tt1 = X1
Sdm
3100
= 0,063
=1,953
Scb
100
Tra ng cong tnh ton ta c : Itt1(0) = 0,51 ; Itt1() = 0,54

- Pha nhnh my pht : Sdm2 = SFm = 4 68,75 = 275 MVA
2
X tt2 = X17
Sdm
275
= 0,097
= 0,267
Scb
100

1
2
Idm =
Idm =
1
2
Sdm
3.U tb
Sdm
3.U tb
3100
= 7,782kA
3.230
275
= 0,69 kA
3.230
Vy dng ngn mch ti N1 l:

11
tt2tt2
dm2
dm2
"
N1
I (0) = Itt1(0).Idm + I (0).I

I"N1() = Itt1().Idm + I ().I
= 0,51.7,782 + 3,9.0,69 = 6,66kA

= 0,54.7,782 + 2,36.0,69 = 5,83kA

HONG VN NG
Page 38
2010
IxkN1 = 2.kxk .I"N1(0) = 2.1,8.6,66 = 16,95kA
b. Tnh ton ngn mch ti im N2

Lp v bin i s thay th :
EHT
X
N2
0,063
0,072
X6
0,072
0,138
0,128
X10
X9
0,179
E1
0,128
X8
0,179
E3
0,131
X11
0,179
0,179
E2
E4
im ngn mch N2 c tnh cht i xng,
E HT
sau khi thu gn s ta c:
X1
0,065
X2
0,072
=
= 0,036
2
2
X + X8
0,128 + 0,179
X13 = 4
=
= 0,154
2
2
X + X11
0,131 + 0,179
X14 = 7
=
= 0,155
2
2
X15 = X 6 + X10 = 0,138 + 0,179 = 0,317
X12 =
N2
X 12
X 15
0,036
0,317
X 13
X 14
0,155
0,154
E3
E 12
E4
Nhp hai ngun E12 v E34 li v bin i Y (X1, X14, X17) sang (X19, X20) ta c
s :
X16 =
X14 .X15
0,154.0,155
=
= 0,077
X14 + X15 0,154 + 0,155
HONG VN NG
Page 39

X 17 = X 1 + X 12 +
2010
X 1 . X 12
X 15
X17
0, 0 6 5 . 0, 0 3 6
= 0,1 0 6
0, 3 1 7
X .X
+ 12 14
X1
= 0, 0 6 3 + 0, 0 3 6 +
X 18 = X 12 + X 14
0,106
N2
X 18
0, 0 3 6 .0, 3 1 7
= 0, 0 3 6 + 0, 3 1 7 +
= 0, 5 3 4
0, 0 6 3
X16
0,534
Nhp hai ngun E3v E124 li :
X19 =
HT
0,077
124
X16 .X18
0,077.0,534
=
= 0, 067
X16 + X18 0,077+0,534
Ta c s rt gn nh sau :
X19
X17
0,106
E HT
N2
0,067
E 1234

- Pha nhnh h thng : Sdm1 = SHT = 3100MVA ta c:
1
S
3100
X tt1 = X17 dm = 0,106
= 3,286
Scb
100

I" HT=
S dmHT
1
3100
1
=
.
= 4,73( KA)
.
X tt1 3.U cb 3,286 3.115
- Pha nhnh my pht : Sdm2 = SFm = 4 68,75 = 275 MVA

2
X tt2
S
275
= X19 dm = 0,067
= 0,184
Scb
100
HONG VN NG
Page 40
2010

2
I dm
S dm
3.U tb
275
= 1,38 kA
3.115

22
"
"
I N2 (0) = I HT + I tt2 (0).Idm = 4,73 + 5,2.1,38 = 11,906 kA

I"N2 () = I"HT + I tt2 ().Idm = 4,73 + 2,55.1,38 = 8,249 kA
2.k xk .I " N2 (0) =
I xkN2 =
2.1,8.11,906 = 30,307 kA
c. Tnh ton ngn mch ti im N3

Ngun cung cp cho im ngn mch N3 gm h thng v nh my, trong my
pht F1 ngh nn ta c s thay th nh sau :
EHT
X
0,063
X
X6
0,072
0,072
0,138
0,131
0,128
0,128
N3
X10
X9
0,179
E3
X11
0,179
E2
0,179
E4
Thu gn s ta c :
HONG VN NG
Page 41

X 12 =
X2
0,072
=
= 0,036
2
2
2010
EHT
X1
0,065
X 13 = X 5 + X 19 = 0,128 + 0,179 = 0,307
X 12
X 14 = X 7 + X 11 = 0,131 + 0,179=0,31
0,036
X 15
0,317
X 15 = X 6 + X 10 = 0,138 + 0,179 = 0,317
N3
13
0,307
0,128
E3
14
0,31
E2
E4
Nhp hai ngun E2 v E34 li v bin i Y (X1, X14, X17) sang (X19, X20) ta c
s :
E HT
X 16 =
X13 .X14
0,31.0,307
=
= 0,154
X13 + X14
0.31+0,307
X17 =X1 +X12 +
X1.X12
X15
= 0,063+ 0,036+
0,063.0,036
= 0,106
0,317
X4
X 18
0,128
0,154
0,036.0,317
= 0,534
0,063
X16.X18
0,154.0,534
=
= 0,12
X16 + X18 0,154 + 0,534
24
E HT
X 17
Nhp hai ngun E24 v E5 li ta c s :
X19 =
X 16
0,534
N3
X .X
X18 =X12 +X15 + 12 15
X1
= 0,036 + 0,317 +
X 17
0,106
0,106
X4
0,128
X19
0,12
N3
Bin i Y (X19, X17, X4) sang (X20, X21) ta c s rt gn :

HONG VN NG
E 234
Page 42

X 20
0,398
E HT
N3
2010
X 21
0,316
E 234
X 20 = X 4 + X17 +
X 4 .X17
0,128.0,106
= 0,128 + 0,106 +
= 0,399
X19
0,12
X 23 = X 4 + X 21 +
X 4 .X 21
0,128.0,12
= 0,128 + 0,12 +
= 0,393
X19
0,106

- Pha nhnh h thng : Sdm1 = SHT = 3100 MVA ta c:
1
tt1
I" HT=
S
= X 20 dm
S cb
= 0 ,3 9 9
3100
= 1 2 ,3 6 9
100
S dmHT
1
3100
1
=
.
= 13 , 78 ( KA )
.
X tt1 3 .U cb 12 ,369 3 . 10 ,5
- Pha nhnh my pht : Sdm2 = SFm = 3 68,75 = 206,25 MVA

2
X tt2
S
206,25
= X 21 dm = 0,316
= 0,612
Scb
100

2
I dm
S dm
3 .U
=
tb
206
= 1 1 ,3 3 k A
3 .1 0 ,5

2
2
"
N'3
(0) = I HT + Itt2 (0).Idm = 13,78 + 1,62.11,33 = 32,135kA
I"N'3 () = IHT + Itt2 ().Idm = 13,78 + 1,59.11,33 = 31,795A

Dng xung kch ti im ngn mch N3l :
IxkN4= 2.kxk.I"N4(0) = 2.1,8.32,135=81,802kA
HONG VN NG
Page 43
2010
c. Tnh ton ngn mch ti im N4
Do ngun cung cp cho im ngn mch N4 ch c my pht F1 nn ta c s

thay th tnh ton ngn mch nh sau :
X8
0,179
E1
N4
Ta c : Sdm = SFdm = 68,75MVA

X tt = X 8
S dm
68,75
= 0,179
= 0,123
S cb
100
Tra ng cong tnh ton ta c : Itt(0) = 8 ; Itt() = 2,75

S
68,75
Idm = dm =
= 3,780kA
3.Utb
3.10,5
Vy dng ngn mch ti N4 l :

I " N 4 ( 0 ) = I tt ( 0 ). I dm = 8 . 3, 78 = 30 , 242 kA
I " N 4 ( ) = I tt ( ). I dm = 2 , 75 . 3, 78 = 10 ,396 kA
I xkN 4 = 2 .k xk .I " N 4 ( 0 ) = 2 .1,8 .30 , 242 = 76 ,984 kA

e. Tnh ton ngn mch ti im N5
"
"
"
Dng ngn mch ti N5 l: I N = I N 3 + I N 4
I "N 5 ( 0 ) = I "N 3 ( 0 ) + I N 4 ( 0 ) = 3 2 ,1 3 5 + 3 0 ,2 4 2 = 6 2 ,3 7 7 k A
I "N 5 ( ) = I "N 3 ( ) + I "N 4 ( ) = 3 1 ,7 9 5 + 1 0 ,3 9 6 = 4 2 ,3 7 1 k A
Dng xung kch ti im ngn mch N5 l:

IxkN5 = 2.kxk.I"N5(0) = 2.1,8.62,377=158,79kA
HONG VN NG
Page 44
2010
Bng kt qu tnh ton ngn mch cho phng n II :

IN(kA)
IN (kA)
Ixk(kA)
N1
6,66
5,83
16,95
N2
10,906
8,249
30,307
N3
32,135
31,795
81,802
N4
30,342
10,396
76,984
N5
62,377
42,371
158,79
HONG VN NG
Page 45
2010
CHNG 4
So snh kinh t k thut cc phng n

chn phng n ti u
4.1. Chn s ni in chnh cho cc phng n
Trong nh my in, cc thit b in v kh c in c ni li vi nhau thnh s
in. Yu cu chung ca s ni in l: Lm vic m bo, tin cy, cu to n
gin, vn hnh linh hot, kinh t v m bo an ton cho ngi vn hnh.
Tnh m bo ca s ph thuc vo vai tr quan trng ca h tiu th in.
V d : H tiu th in loi 1 phi c cung cp bng 2 ng dy ly t 2 ngun
c lp, mi ngun phi cung cp cng sut khi ngun kia ngh lm vic.
Tnh linh hot ca s c th hin bi kh nng thch ng vi nhiu trng thi
vn hnh khc nhau.
Tnh kinh t ca s c gii quyt bng hnh thc ca cc h thng thanh gp,
s lng kh c in dng cho s . Ngoi ra cch b tr thit b trong s phi
m bo an ton cho ngi vn hnh.
Cn c vo nhim v cung cp in cho ph ti cp in p v vai tr ca nh
my ang thit k i vi h thng, s ni in ca cc phng n c chn theo
s :
- Pha 220 kV :
Dng s hai h thng thanh gp c my ct lin lc.
- Pha 110 kV :
Dng s hai h thng thanh gp c thanh gp vng.
- Pha 10 kV :
Khng dng h thng thanh gp u cc my pht.
4.2. Tnh ton kinh t ca cc phng n
HONG VN NG
Page 46
2010
4.2.1. Phng n 1
a. S ni in chi tit
1 ng dy kp
1ng dy kp
2 ng dy n
110 kV
MCTGV
220 kV
MCLL
MCLL
F1
F3
F2
F4
b. Chn my ct
My ct in dng ng ct mch in vi dng ph ti khi lm vic bnh
thng v dng ngn mch khi s c. V vy my ct in c chn theo iu kin
sau :
- in p nh mc ca my ct : Um Um mng
- Dng in nh mc ca my ct : Im Icb
- Dng in ct nh mc ca my ct : Ict m I
Trong :
Icb l dng cng bc ca mch t my ct.
I l dng ngn mch siu qu thnh phn chu k.
Ngoi ra my ct c chn phi kim tra iu kin n nh ng v n nh
nhit khi ngn mch :
HONG VN NG
Page 47
2010
- Kim tra iu kin n nh ng :
im ixk ( ixk l dng xung kch khi ngn mch )

- Kim tra iu kin n nh nhit :
I2nhm .tnhm BN (BN l xung lng nhit ca dng ngn mch )
i vi cc my ct c Im 1000A th khng cn kim tra n nh nhit. Cc my
ct cng cp in p c chn cng chng loi. Cn c vo kt qu tnh dng
cng bc v dng ngn mch ta tin hnh chn my ct
- Chn my ct in cho phng n I
Cp
im
in p ngn
(KV) mch
220
110
10,5
N1
N2
N3
i lng tnh ton

Icb
(KA)
IN
(KA)
Ixk
(KA)
0,458
0,379
3,969
6,099
11,836
31,314
15,53
31,13
79,254
i lng nh mc
Loi
my ct
3AQ1
3AQ1
8BK41
Um
(KV)
Im
(KA)
245
123
12
4
4
12,5
Ict m Im
(KA) (KA)
40
40
80
100
100
225
c. Tnh vn u t
Vn u t ca mt phng n c tnh nh sau : V = VB + VTBPP
Vn u t my bin p : VB = kB . vB
Trong :
- kB l h s xt n vic vn chuyn v lp rp my bin p.
- vB l gi tin mua my bin p.
phng n ny ta s dng :
Hai my bin p t ngu loi ATTH-160 c kB = 1,4.

Gi tin 1350.103 USD/my
- Ba my bin p ba pha hai dy qun loi TPH -80 c kB = 1,5.

Gi tin 700.103 USD/my.
Vy tng vn u t mua my bin p ca phng n 1 l :
HONG VN NG
Page 48
2010
VB = ( 1,4 . 1350 . 2 + 1,5 . 700 . 2).103 = 5880.103 USD
Vn u t mua thit b phn phi :
VTBPP = n1vTBPP1 + n2vTBPP2 +......+ nnvTBPPn

Trong :
- n1, n2,..., nn l s mch ca thit b phn phi ng vi cp in p U1,U2,...,Un
- vTBPP1, vTBPP2,......, vTBPPn l gi tin ca thit b phn phi ng vi cp in
p U1, U2, ..., Un
T s ni in ca phng n 1 ta nhn thy :
- Cp in p 220 kV gm 5 mch my ct SF6 loi 3AQ1-245/4000 gi:
90.103 .5 = 450.103 USD
- Cp in p 110 kV gm 10mch my ct SF6 loi 3AQ1-123/4000 gi :
60.103 .10 = 600.103 USD
- Cp in p 10,5 kV gm 2 mch my ct khng kh loi 8BK41-12/12500 gi :
150.103 . 2 = 300.103 USD
Vy tng vn u t cho thit b phn phi (ch yu l my ct) ca phng n
1 l:
VTBPP =(450 + 600 + 300).103 = 1350.103 USD
Tng vn u t cho phng n 1 l :
V1 = VB + VTBPP = ( 5880 + 1350 ).103 = 7250.103 USD
d. Tnh ph tn vn hnh hng nm
Ph tn vn hnh hng nm ca mi phng n c xc nh theo cng thc
sau
P = P K + Pt + Pp
Trong :
HONG VN NG
Page 49
2010
- PK l khu hao hng nm v vn u t v sa cha ln

PK
a .V
100
( a : h s khu hao , % )
7250 . 103
PK 1 = 6, 4 .
= 464.103 USD
100
- Pt l chi ph tn tht in nng hng nm ( ch yu trong my bin p )

Pt =.A ( : gi tin 1 kWh tn tht = 500 /kWh)
Pt = 500. 7644520,184 = 3,8222.109 ng
- PP l tin lng cng nhn ( thng nh nn b qua )
Vy ph tn vn hnh hng nm ca phng n 1 l :
P1 = 464.103.17.103 + 3,8222.109 = 11,7102.109 ng
f. Chi ph tnh ton
Chi ph tnh ton ca phng n 1 : C1 = am.V1 + P1
Trong : am l h s nh mc ca hiu qu kinh t ( am = 0,15 ).
C1 = 0,15. 7250.17.106 + 11,7102.109 = 30,0198.109 ng
4.2.2. Phng n 2
a. S ni in chi tit
HONG VN NG
Page 50

1 ng dy kep
1 ng dy kp
2010
2 ng dy n
110 kV
MCLL
MCTGV
220 kV
MCLL
F3
F2
F1
F4
c. Chn my ct
Tng t nh phng n 1 kt qu chn my ct in cho phng n 2 nh bng
sau
Cp
im
in p ngn
(KV) mch
220
110
10
N1
N2
N3
i lng tnh ton

Icb
(KA)
IN
(KA)
Ixk
(KA)
0,458
0,379
3,969
6,66
10,906
32,135
16,95
30,307
81,802
i lng nh mc
Loi
my ct
3AQ1
3AQ1
8BK41
Um
(KV)
Im
(KA)
245
123
12
4
4
12,5
Ict m Il
(KA) (KA)
40
40
80
100
100
225
c. Tnh vn u t
Vn u t ca mt phng n c tnh nh sau : V = VB + VTBPP
Vn u t my bin p : VB = kB.vB
Trong :
- kB l h s xt n vic vn chuyn v lp rp my bin p.
HONG VN NG
Page 51
2010
- vB l gi tin mua my bin p.
phng n ny ta s dng :
- Hai my bin p t ngu loi ATTH -160 c kB = 1,4. Gi tin 1350.103 USD/my.
- Hai my bin p ba pha hai dy qun loi T -80 c kB = 1,5. Gi tin 700.103 USD/my.
- Mt my bin p ba pha hai dy qun loi T -80 c kB = 1,4. Gi tin 770.103 USD/my.
Vy tng vn u t mua my bin p ca phng n 2 l :
VB = (1,4 . 1350 . 2 + 1,5. 700 . + 1,4. 770 ).103 = 5908.103 USD

Vn u t mua thit b phn phi :
VTBPP = n1.vTBPP1 + n2.vTBPP2 +......+ nn.vTBPPn

- n1, n2,..., nn l s mch ca thit b phn phi ng vi cp in p U1, U2, ...,Un
- vTBPP1, vTBPP2,......, vTBPPn l gi tin ca thit b phn phi ng vi cp in p U1,
U2, ..., Un
T s ni in ca phng n 2 ta nhn thy :
- Cp in p 220 kV gm 6 mch my ct SF6 loi 3AQ1- 245/4000 gi:
90.103 . 6 = 540.103 USD
- Cp in p 110 kV gm 9 mch my ct SF6 loi 3AQ1-123/4000 gi :
60.103 .9 = 540.103 USD
- Cp in p 10,5 kV gm 2 mch my ct khng kh loi 8BK41-12/12500 gi:
150.103 . 2 = 300.103 USD
Vy tng vn u t cho thit b phn phi (ch yu l my ct) ca phng n
2 l:
VTBPP =(540 + 540 + 300) .103 = 1380.103 USD
Tng vn u t cho phng n 2 l :
V2 = VB + VTBPP = ( 5908 + 1380 ).103 = 7288.103 USD
HONG VN NG
Page 52
2010
d. Tnh ph tn vn hnh hng nm
Ph tn vn hnh hng nm ca mi phng n c xc nh theo cng thc sau :
P = P K + Pt + Pp
Trong :
- PK l khu hao hng nm v vn u t v sa cha ln
PK
a .V
100
PK 2 =
(a : h s khu hao , %)
6, 4 . 7288.103
100
= 466, 432.103 USD
- Pt l chi ph tn tht in nng hng nm (ch yu trong my bin p)

Pt = .A
( : gi tin 1 kWh tn tht = 500 /kWh)
Pt = 500. 7085090,644 = 3,5425.109 ng

- PP l tin lng cng nhn ( thng nh nn b qua )
Vy ph tn vn hnh hng nm ca phng n 2 l :
P2 = 466,432.17.106 + 3,5425.109 = 11,4718.109 ng
f. Chi ph tnh ton
Chi ph tnh ton ca phng n 2 : C2 = am . V2 + P2
Trong : am l h s nh mc ca hiu qu kinh t (am = 0,15)
C2 = 0,15 . 7288..17.106 + 11,4718.109 = 30,0056.109 ng
4.3. La chn phng n ti u

Bng tng kt so snh hai phng n:
HONG VN NG
Page 53

Cc ch tiu
2010
Vn u t
Ph tn vn hnh
Chi ph tnh ton
V.103 USD
P.109
C.109
7250
11,7102
30,0198
7288
11,4718
30,0056
Phng n
* Nhn xt :
+ Vn u t phng n II > phng n I .
+ Chi ph vn hnh phng n II < phng n I .
+ Chi ph tnh ton phng n II < phng n I .
- Thi gian thu hi vn u t tiu chun :
1
1
Ttc =
= 6,67
=
a dm 0,15
- Thi gian thu hi vn u t chnh lch :
T =
VII VI
(7288 7250).17.10 6
=
PI PII (11,7102 11,4718).10 9
= 2,709
Do T <Ttc nn phng n II l ti u
Vy ta chn phng n II
HONG VN NG
Page 54
2010
CHNG 5
Chn kh c in v dy dn
Trong qu trnh lm vic kh c in v dy dn thng b pht nng.
Nguyn nhn ch yu l do :
- Tc dng nhit ca dng ph ti lu di.
- Tc dng nhit v lc ng in ca dng ngn mch.
Nu nhit tng qu cao c th lm cho chng b h hng, nht l nhng ch
tip xc hoc lm gim tui th cch in ca chng. V vy i vi kh c in v
dy dn cn phi quy nh nhit cho php. ng thi khi chn chng cn phi
tnh ton sao cho trong qu trnh vn hnh ch bnh thng cng nh khi s c
xy ra, chng phi m bo n nh ng v n nh nhit.
Trong nh my nhit in cc thit b chnh nh my bin p, my pht in,
my b cng vi cc kh c in nh my ct, dao cch ly... c ni vi nhau bng
thanh dn, thanh gp v cp in lc. Thanh dn c hai loi chnh l thanh dn mm
v thanh dn cng :
- Thanh dn mm c dng lm thanh gp cho cc ph ti cc cp in p 220kV
v 110kV. Chng thng dng dy nhm li thp.
- Thanh dn cng c th bng ng hoc nhm v c dng ni t u cc my
pht in n gian my v dng lm thanh gp in p my pht.
5.1. Chn my ct in v dao cch ly

5.1.1. Chn my ct in
My ct in dng ng ct mch in vi dng ph ti khi lm vic bnh
thng v dng ngn mch khi s c. V vy my ct in c chn theo iu kin
sau :
- in p nh mc ca my ct : Um Um mng
- Dng in nh mc ca my ct : Im Icb
- Dng in ct nh mc ca my ct : Ict m I
Trong : Icb l dng cng bc ca mch t my ct.
I l dng ngn mch siu qu thnh phn chu k.
HONG VN NG
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2010
Ngoi ra my ct c chn phi kim tra iu kin n nh ng v n nh

nhit khi ngn mch :
- Kim tra iu kin n nh ng :
- Kim tra iu kin n nh nhit :
I2nhm . tnhm BN (BN l xung lng nhit ca dng ngn mch )
i vi cc my ct c Im 1000A th khng cn kim tra n nh nhit. Cc my
ct cng cp in p c chn cng chng loi. Cn c vo kt qu tnh dng
cng bc v dng ngn mch ta tin hnh chn my ct nh bng sau :
Cp
im
in p ngn
(KV) mch
220
110
10
N1
N2
N3
i lng tnh ton

Icb
(KA)
IN
(KA)
Ixk
(KA)
0,458
0,379
3,969
6,66
10,906
32,135
16,95
30,307
81,802
i lng nh mc
Loi
my ct
3AQ1
3AQ1
8BK41
Um
(KV)
Im
(KA)
245
123
12
4
4
12,5
Ict m Il
(KA) (KA)
40
40
80
100
100
225
5.1.2. Chn dao cch ly

Dao cch ly dng ngt mch vi dng khng ti. Chng c chn theo cc
iu kin sau :
- in p nh mc ca dao cch ly : Um Um mng
- Dng in nh mc ca dao cch ly : Im Icb
- iu kin kim tra n nh ng :
- iu kin kim tra n nh nhit :
I2nhm . tnhm BN (BN l xung lng nhit ca dng ngn mch )
i vi cc dao cch ly c Im 1000 A th khng cn kim tra n nh nhit. Cc
dao cch ly cng cp in p c chn cng chng loi. Cn c vo kt qu
HONG VN NG
Page 56
2010
Tnh dng cng bc v dng ngn mch ta tin hnh chn dao cch ly nh bng sau :
Cp
in p
(KV)
220
110
10,5
i lng tnh ton

Icb
(KA)
IN
(KA)
Ixk
(KA)
0,458
0,379
3,969
6,66
10,906
32,135
16,95
30,307
81,802
i lng nh mc
Loi dao cch ly
SGC-245/1250
SGCP-123/1250
PBK-20/7000
Um
(KV)
245
123
20
Im
(KA)
1,25
1,25
5
Il
(KA)
80
80
200
5.2. Chn thanh dn cng cho mch my pht in

5.2.1. Chn tit din thanh dn cng cho mch my pht
Thanh dn cng c chn theo iu kin pht nng lu di cho php :
Icp Icb
Trong :
- Icp : dng cho php lm vic lu di hiu chnh theo nhit ni t thanh dn
'
Icp
= khc.Icp=
cp 0
.Icp
cp oqd
Vi: cp = 700C : nhit cho php lm vic lu di ca thanh dn

0 = 350C : nhit mi trng ni t thanh dn
0qd = 250C : nhit quy nh khi tnh Icp
I cp' =
70 35
. I cp = 0,882 . I cp
70 25
- Icb : dng in lm vic cng bc qua thanh dn ( Icb = 3,969 kA )

Ta c : 0,882.Icp 3,969 Icp 4,5 kA
Ta bit rng khi dng nh th c th dng thanh dn cng hnh ch nht, nhng khi
dng in trn 3000 (A) th dng thanh dn hnh mng gim hiu ng mt ngoi
v hiu ng gn, ng thi cng l tng kh nng lm mt cho chng.
HONG VN NG
Page 57

Kch thc
(mm)
125
55
6,5
10
Tit
din
mt cc
(mm2)
1370
M men tr khng
(cm3)
Hai
Mt thanh
thanh
2010
M men qun tnh

(cm4)
Hai
Mt thanh
thanh
Wx-x
Wy-y
Wyo-yo
Jx-x
Jy-y
Jyo-yo
50
9,5
100
290,3
36,7
625
Dng
in
cho
php
(A)
5,5
5.2.2. Kim tra n nh nhit

V thanh dn chn c Icp = 5,5kA > 1kA nn khng cn kim tra n nh nhit.
5.2.3. Kim tra n nh ng
Mt ct ca thanh dn :
Theo tiu chun bn c, ng sut ca vt liu thanh dn khng c ln hn ng
sut cho php ca n, ngha l : tt cp
i vi ng ng sut cho php l cp = 1400 kG/cm2
i vi thanh dn gp ng sut trong vt liu thanh dn gm hai thnh phn: ng
sut do lc tc ng gia cc pha gy ra (1) v ng sut do lc tng tc gia cc
thanh dn trong cng mt pha gy ra (2).
Do ng sut tnh ton : tt = 1 + 2
Xc nh ng sut 1:
l
a
2
2
Lc tnh ton : Ftt = 1,76 . 10 . . i xk kG
Trong :
ixk : dng in xung kch ; ixk = 81,802 kA
- ixk: dng in xung kch ca ngn mch ba pha (A)
HONG VN NG
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2010
- l1 : khong cch hai s lin nhau ca mt pha (cm)

- a : khong cch gia cc pha (cm)
Vi cp in p my pht l : 10 kV, c th chn l1 =120 (cm) v khong cch gia
cc pha a = 60 (cm), vy lc tc dng ln thanh dn khi s l :
120
Ftt = 1, 76 . 10 2 .
. 81,802 2 = 235,534 kG
60
Do s nhp ln hn 3 nn mmen un l :
M=
Ftt . l
235,534 . 120
=
= 2826, 408 kGcm
10
10
ng sut tnh ton : 1 =
M
Wy 0 y 0
2826, 408
= 28, 264 kG / cm 2
100
So snh vi cp ta thy: 1 = 28,264 kG/cm2 < cp = 1400 kG/cm2.

Xc nh khong cch ln nht gia hai ming m l2max:
xc nh khong cch ln nht gia hai ming m ta cho tt= 1+2 = cp .
Khong cch ln nht gia hai ming m c xc nh theo cng thc sau :
l2m ax =
- ) .1 2 W
cp
y-y
f2
Lc in ng tc dng ln 1cm chiu di thanh dn trn mt pha do dng in

ca cc thanh dn cng pha tc dng ln nhau sinh ra l:
1
1
f 2 = 0,51.10-2 . .i 2xk = 0,51.10-2 .
.81,802 2 = 2,73 kG/cm
h
12,5
l2max =
- ).12W
( cp
1
y-y
f2
(1400-28,264).12.9,5
=239,34 cm
2,73
So snh khong cch gia 2 s lin nhau l = 120cm v khong cch ln nht gia
hai ming m l2max = 239,34 cm ta thy gia hai s khng cn t thm cc ming
m.
5.2.4. Kim tra dao ng ring ca thanh dn
Tn s dao ng ring ca thanh dn cn phi nm ngoi khu vc cng hng vi
gii hn 10% tn s chnh ca h thng. i vi tn s h thng l 50Hz th tn s
ring ny phi nm ngoi gii hn 45 55 Hz v 90 110 Hz .
Tn s ring ca thanh dn c xc nh theo cng thc sau :
HONG VN NG
Page 59
2010
6
3, 65 E.J y0-y0 .10
fR = 2
l
S.
Trong : E l mun n hi ca vt liu thanh dn, ECu = 1,1.106kG/cm2

l khi lng ring ca vt liu thanh dn, Cu = 8,93 g/cm3
l l di thanh dn gia hai s, l = 120 cm
S l tit din ngang ca thanh dn, S = 13,7 cm2
Jy0-y0 l mmen qun tnh ca thanh dn, Jy0-y0 = 625 cm4
3,65 1,1.106.625.106
fR =
= 600,87 Hz
1202
13,7.8,93
Ta thy tn s dao ng ring ca thanh dn nm ngoi khu vc cng hng nn
thanh dn chn tho mn iu kin dao ng ring.
5.3. Chn s thanh dn cng mch my pht in
5.3.1. iu kin chn s ( t trong nh )
S c chn theo iu kin sau :
Ums Ummng = 10 kV
Ta chn loi s : O -20-750-Y3 c thng s k thut nh sau:
Ums = 20 kV ; Fph = 750 kG ; H = 202 mm
5.3.2. Kim tra n nh ng
F tt
h/2
F' tt
H'
iu kin kim tra n nh ng : Ftt Fcp = 0,6.Fph

Ta c :
HONG VN NG
Page 60
2010
h
12,5
20, 2 +
H
2 = 210, 778.
2 = 275,99kG
Ftt' = Ftt .
= Ftt .
H
H
22,5
Fcp = 0, 6. Fgh = 0, 6.750 = 450kG
'
H+
Do Ftt = 275,99kG Fcp = 450kG nn s chn m bo yu cu k thut .

5.4. Chn thanh dn mm
Thanh dn mm c chn theo iu kin pht nng lu di cho php :
Icp Icb
Trong : Icp l dng cho php lm vic lu di hiu chnh theo nhit ni
t thanh dn, Icp = khc.Icp .
Icb l dng lm vic cng bc.
Cc thanh dn c chn phi tho mn iu kin n nh nhit khi xy ra ngn
mch :
S S min =
BN
C
Trong : S l tit din ca thanh dn mm

BN l xung lng nhit ca dng ngn mch 3 pha
C l hng s ph thuc vt liu thanh dn, CAl = 79 As1/2mm-1
Thanh dn chn ng thi phi tho mn iu kin chng pht sinh vng quang.
Vi in p 100 kV tr ln ta phi kim tra theo iu kin : Uvq Ummng
5.4.1. Chn thanh dn mm lm thanh gp cp in p 220kV
Dng cng bc trn thanh gp cp in p 220 kV l : Icb = 0,529 kA
Theo iu kin chn dy dn mm : Icp Icb hay khc . Icp Icb
I cp
I cb
0, 458
=
= 0,52 kA
khc
0,882
Do ta chn thanh gp mm loi dy nhm li thp c cc thng s k thut cho

trong bng sau :
HONG VN NG
Page 61

Tit din, mm2
2010
ng knh, mm
Tit din
chun
Nhm
Thp
Dy dn
Li thp
240/32
244
31,7
21,6
7,2
Icp, A
610
a. Kim tra n nh nhit khi ngn mch

Khi ngn mch xung lng nhit do dng ngn mch sinh ra c tnh theo cng
thc
t cat
I 2t . d t
Trong : tct l thi gian ct ca my ct (thi gian tn ti ngn mch), gi thit

tct = 1s.
It l gi tr hiu dng ca dng ngn mch ti thi im t, c xc nh
nh sau : I t =
BN =
2
2
I CKt
+ I KCKt
tcat
2
t
. dt =
tcat
dt +
2
CKt
tcat
2
KCKt
dt
hay BN = BNCK + BNKCK
Trong :
BNCK l xung lng nhit ca dng ngn mch thnh phn chu k
BNKCK l xung lng nhit ca dng ngn mch thnh phn khng chu k
Tnh BNCK : c xc nh theo phng php gii tch th:
B
NCK
2
tbi
. t i
Theo kt qu tnh ton chng 3, khi ngn mch ti N1 ta c :

- in khng tnh ton pha h thng : Xtt1 = 1,953
Tra ng cong tnh ton ta c : Itt1(0) = 0,51 ; Itt1(0,1) = 0,48
Itt1(0,2) = 0,47 ; Itt1(0,5) = 0,5 ; Itt1(1) = 0,49
HONG VN NG
Page 62
2010
- in khng tnh ton pha nh my : Xtt2 = 0,267
Tra ng cong tnh ton ta c : Itt2(0) = 3,8

Itt2(0,2) = 2,8 ; Itt2(0,5) = 2,5 ; Itt2(1) = 2,3
Itt1(0,1) = 3,1
Vy dng ngn mch ti N1 cc thi im l:

1
1tt2
tt2 dm2
I(0) = I tt1 (0).I dm + I (0).I
I(0,1) = I tt1 (0,1).I dm + I (0,1).I
= 0,48.7,782 + 3,1.0,69 = 5,87 kA
I(0,2) = I tt1 (0,2).I dm + I (0,2).I
= 0,47.7,782 +2,8.0,69 = 5,59 kA
I(0,5) = I tt1 (0,5).I dm + I (0,5).I
= 0,5.7,782 + 2,5.0,69 = 5,62kA
I(1) = I tt1 (1).I dm + I (1).I

I
dm2
= 0,51.7,782 + 3,8.0,69 = 6,59 kA
2
tb1
I tb2 2
= 0,49.7,782 + 2,3.0,69 = 5, 4 kA
I 2 (0) + I 2 (0,1) 6,592 + 5,87 2

=
=
= 38,94 kA2
2
2
2
2
I (0,1) + I (0, 2) 5,87 2 + 5,592
=
=
= 32,85kA2
2
2
I 2 (0, 2) + I 2 (0, 5) 5, 59 2 + 5, 62 2
=
= 31, 42 2kA
2
2
2
2
2
I (0, 5) + I (1) 5, 62 + 5, 4 2
=
=
= 30, 37 kA2
2
2
I 2tb3 =
I 2tb4
t =38,94.0,1+32,85.0,1+31,42.0,
2
BNCK=I . i
3+30,37.0,5=31,79kAs
2
tbi
Tnh BNKCK :
V tct = 1s (tng i ln) nn BNKCK c tnh theo biu thc :
2
B NKCK = I CK0
.Ta
Trong : Ta l hng s thi gian tng ng ca li in. Vi li cao p th ta

ly Ta = 0,05s.
ICK0 = IN1(0) = 6,66 kA
2
3 2
BNKCK =ICK
= 2,218.106 A2s
0.Ta = (6,66.10 ) .0,05
Vy xung lng nhit ca dng ngn mch trn thanh gp 220 kV l :

BN = BNCK + BNKCK = 31,79 .106 + 2,218.106 = 34.106 A2s
HONG VN NG
Page 63
2010
m bo n nh nhit th dy dn chn c tit din nh nht l :

Smin =
34.106
= 73,8 mm 2
79
BN
=
C
Ta thy Schn = 240 mm2 > Smin = 73,8 mm2

Vy dy dn chn tho mn iu kin n nh nhit.
b. Kim tra iu kin pht sinh vng quang
Uvq Ummng
iu kin kim tra :
Trong : Uvq l in p ti hn pht sinh vng quang

Nu dy dn 3 pha c b tr trn ba nh ca tam gic u th ta c :
U vq = 84. m. r.lg
a
r
Trong : m l h s xt n x x ca b mt dy dn; m = 0,85

r l bn knh ngoi ca dy dn; r = 1,08 cm
a l khong cch gia cc trc dy dn; a = 5m = 500cm
Thay vo cng thc trn ta c:
U vq = 84. 0,85.1,08.lg
500
= 205,546 kV
1,08
Do cc thanh gp 220 kV c b tr trn mt phng nm ngang cho nn Uvq ca

pha gia gim i 4% cn Uvq ca pha bn tng ln 6% nn ta ch cn xt Uvq ca pha
gia. Ta c :
Uvq(pha gia) = 205,546 . 0,96 = 196,324 kV < Ummng = 220 kV
Nh vy thanh dn chn khng tho mn iu kin vng quang .
Do ta chn li thanh dn c tit din ln hn, c cc thng s k thut:
Tit din, mm2
ng knh, mm
Tit din
chun
Nhm
Thp
Dy dn
Li thp
400/22
394
22
26,6
HONG VN NG
Icp, A
835
Page 64

Khi : U vq = 0,96 .84 . 0,85 . 1,33 . lg
2010
500
= 234 ,757 kV > Ummng = 220 kV
1,33
Vy thanh dn chn tho mn iu kin vng quang .

5.4.2. Chn thanh dn mm lm thanh gp cp in p 110kV
Dng cng bc trn thanh gp 110 kV l : Icb = 0,379 kA
Theo iu kin chn dy dn mm : Icp Icb hay khc . Icp Icb
I cp
I cb
0,379
=
= 0,43 kA
k hc
0,882
Do ta chn thanh gp mm loi dy nhm li thp c cc thng s k thut cho

trong bng sau :
Tit din, mm2
ng knh, mm
Tit din
chun
Nhm
Thp
Dy dn
Li thp
150/19
148
18,8
16,8
5,5
Icp, A
445
a. Kim tra n nh nhit khi ngn mch

Tnh BNCK : c xc nh theo phng php gii tch th: B NCK = I tbi2 .t i
Theo kt qu tnh ton chng 3, khi ngn mch ti N2 ta c :
- in khng tnh ton pha h thng : Xtt1 = 3,286 nn dng in tnh ton tai mi
thi im bng nhau
IHT=
1
3100
1 S dmHT
=
.
= 4,73( KA)
X tt 3.U cb 3,286 3.115
- in khng tnh ton pha nh my : Xtt2 = 0,184

Tra ng cong tnh ton ta c : Itt2(0) = 5,5
Itt2(0,1) = 4,2
Itt2(0,2) = 3,7 ; Itt2(0,5) = 3 ; Itt2(1) = 2,6

Vy dng ngn mch ti N1 cc thi im l:
HONG VN NG
Page 65

2
2010
I(0) = I HT + I tt2 (0).I dm = 4,73 + 5,5.1,38 = 12,32 kA

I(0,1) = I HT + I tt2 (0,1).I dm = 4,73 + 4,2.1,38 =10,526kA
I(0,2) = I HT + I tt2 (0,2).I dm = 4,73 + 3,7.1,38 = 9,836kA
I(0,5) = I HT + I tt2 (0,5).I dm = 4,73 + 3.1,38 = 9,008kA
I(1) = I HT + I tt2 (1).I dm = 4,73 + 2,6.1,38 =8,318kA
I 2 (0) + I 2 (0,1) 12,322 + 10,5262

2
I =
=
= 131,29kA
2
2
2
2
I (0,1) + I (0,2) 10,5262 + 9,8362
2
2
I tb2 =
=
= 103,77kA
2
2
I 2 (0,2) + I 2 (0,5) 9,8362 +9,0082
2
I tb3 =
=
= 88,952 kA
2
2
I 2 (0,5) + I 2 (1) 9,0082 + 8,3182
2
I tb4 =
=
= 75,17kA 2
2
2
t =131,29.0,1+103,77.0,1+88,95.
2
2
BNCK=Itbi. i
0,3+75,17.0,5=87,776kAs
2
tb1
Tnh BNKCK :
V tct = 1s (tng i ln) nn BNKCK c tnh theo biu thc :
2
BNKCK = ICK0
.Ta
Trong : Ta l hng s thi gian tng ng ca li in. Vi li cao p th ta

ly Ta = 0,05s.
ICK0 = IN2(0) = 11,906 kA
2
BNKCK = ICK0
.Ta = (11,906.103 ) 2 .0,05 = 7,087.106 A 2s
Vy xung lng nhit ca dng ngn mch trn thanh gp 110 kV l :

BN = BNCK + BNKCK = 87,776.106 + 7,087.106 = 94,863.106 A2s
m bo n nh nhit th dy dn chn c tit din nh nht l :
Smin =
BN
=
C
HONG VN NG
94,863.106
= 123,35 mm 2
79
Page 66
2010
Ta thy Schn = 150 mm2 > Smin = 125,53 mm2
Vy dy dn chn tho mn iu kin n nh nhit.
b. Kim tra iu kin pht sinh vng quang

iu kin kim tra :
Uvq Ummng
Trong : Uvq l in p ti hn pht sinh vng quang

Nu dy dn 3 pha c b tr trn ba nh ca tam gic u th ta c :
U vq = 84 m r lg
a
r
Trong : m - h s xt n x x ca b mt dy dn; m = 0,85

r - bn knh ngoi ca dy dn; r = 0,84 cm
a - khong cch gia cc trc dy dn; a = 5 m = 500 cm
Thay vo cng thc trn ta c:

U vq = 84. 0,85.0,84.lg
500
= 166,415 kV
0,84
Do cc thanh gp 110 kV c b tr trn mt phng nm ngang cho

nn Uvq ca pha gia gim i 4% cn Uvq ca pha bn tng ln 6% nn ta
ch cn xt Uvq ca pha gia. Ta c :
Uvq(pha gia) = 166,415 . 0,96 = 159,758 kV > Ummng = 110 kV
Vy thanh dn chn tho mn iu kin vng quang .

5.5. Chn my bin p o lng
5.5.1. Chn my bin in p (BU)
a. Chn BU cho cp in p my pht 10,5kV
BU c chn theo cc iu kin sau :
- Loi bin in p c chn da vo v tr t, s ni dy v nhim v ca n.
cp in cho cng t ch cn dng 2 BU mt pha u V/V.
- iu kin v in p : UmBU Ummng = 10,5 kV
- Cp chnh xc ca BU: v cp in cho cng t nn chn BU c cp chnh xc 0,5
HONG VN NG
Page 67
2010
- Cng sut nh mc : tng ph ti ni vo BU (S2) phi nh hoc bng cng sut

nh mc ca BU vi cp in p chn : S2 SmBU
S ni cc dng c o vo my bin in p v my bin dng in mch my

pht
W
VArh
Wh
A
VAr
a
b
c
2xHOM-10
A
C
V
Ta phi phn b cc ng h in pha th cp ng u cho hai BU tng

ng nh bng sau :
Tn ng h
Ph ti BU pha AB
Ph ti BU pha BC
W (P)
VAr(Q)
W (P)
VAr(Q)
K hiu
Vn k
7,2
Ot k
341
1,8
1,8
Ot k phn khng
342/1
1,8
1,8
Ot k t ghi
33
8,3
8,3
Tn s k
340
6,5
Cng t tc dng
670
0,66
1,62
0,66
1,62
Cng t phn khng
672
0,66
1,62
0,66
1,62
Tng cng
20,42
3,24
19,72
3,24
HONG VN NG
Page 68
2010
Bin in p pha AB c:
S2 =
2
PAB
+Q 2AB =
20,422 + 3,24 2 = 20,675 VA
cos =
20,42
= 0,988
20,675
Bin in p pha BC c :
S2 =
2
2
PBC
+Q BC
=
19,722 + 3,24 2 = 19,984 VA
cos =
19,72
= 0,987
19,984
Ta chn BU cho cp in p 10,5 kV c thng s :
Kiu BU
HOM 10
Cp
in
p
(kV)
in p nh mc (V)
10
Cng sut nh
mc (VA)
Cun s
cp
Cun th
cp
Cp 0,5
Cp 1
10500
100
75
150
Chn dy dn ni gia BU v cc dng c o lng :

- Tit din dy dn c chn sao cho tn tht in p trn n khng vt qu
0,5% in p nh mc th cp khi c cng t v 0,3% khi khng c cng t.
- m bo bn c: tit din ti thiu ca dy dn l 1,5 mm 2 i vi dy
ng v 2,5 mm2 i vi dy nhm khi khng ni vi dng c o in nng. V 2,5
mm2 i vi dy ng v 4 mm2 i vi dy nhm khi ni vi dng c o in nng.
Tnh dng in trong cc dy dn :
Ia =
SAB
=
U AB
20,675
100
Ic =
SBC
19,984
=
U BC
100
= 0,207 A
= 0,2 A
n gin ta coi Ia = Ic = 0,2 A v cosab = cosbc = 1

Nh vy dng in Ib = 3 .Ia =
3 .0,2 = 0,34 A
in p ging trn dy a v b bng :
HONG VN NG
Page 69

=
U
( I
+ I b ) . r =
( I
2010
. l
+ I b )
S
Gi s khong cch t dng c o n BU l l = 50 m, b qua gc lch pha gia

I v I . V trong mch c cng t nn U = 0,5% do vy tit din dy dn phi chn
a
b
l :
.
I + Ib
S a
.
U
=
l
. 0,0175.50 = 0,945 mm
0,34 + 0,2
0,5
Theo tiu chun bn c hc ta ly dy dn l dy ng c tit din S = 1,5mm2

i vi dy dn khng ni vi dng c o in nng v c tit din S = 2,5mm2 i
vi dy dn ni vi dng c o in nng.
b. Chn BU cho cp in p 110kV v 220kV
Ph ti th cp ca BU pha 110kV v 220kV thng l cc cun dy in p ca
cc ng h Vnmt c tng tr tng i ln nn cng sut thng nh nn khng
cn tnh ph ti th cp.
Nhim v chnh ca cc BU cc cp in p ny l kim tra cch in v o
lng in p do vy ta chn ba bin in p mt pha u Y0/Y0.
Ta chn cc BU c thng s sau :
Cp
in
Loi BU
in p nh mc cc
cun dy (V)
Cng sut
theo cp chnh
xc (VA)
Cng
sut
max
(VA)
(kV)
S cp
Th cp
Cp
0,5
Cp
1
HK 110 57
110
110000/ 3
100/ 3
400
600
2000
HK 220 58
220
220000/ 3
100/ 3
400
600
2000
5.5.2. Chn my bin dng in (BI)

My bin dng in c chn theo cc iu kin sau :
- S ni dy v kiu my : s ni dy tu thuc vo nhim v ca my bin
dng in. Kiu bin dng in ph thuc vo v tr t.
HONG VN NG
Page 70
2010
- in p nh mc : UmBI Ummng
- Dng in nh mc s cp : ImSC Icb

- Cp chnh xc ca BI chn ph hp vi yu cu ca dng c o. Ph ti th cp ca
BI chn tng ng vi cp chnh xc. BI c mt ph ti nh mc l ZmBI. m
bo chnh xc yu cu tng ph ti th cp (Z2) ca n k c tng tr dy dn
khng c vt qu ZmBI.
Z2 = Zdc + Zdd ZmBI
Trong : Zdc l tng ph ti ca dng c o.
Zdd l tng tr dy dn ni t BI n dng c o.
a. Chn bin dng cho cp in p my pht 10,5kV
T s ni dy cc dng c o lng vo BI ta xc nh c ph ti th cp ca
BI cc pha nh sau :
Tn dng c
o lng
K hiu
Ph ti th cp (VA)
a
Am pe mt
302
Ot k tc dng
341
Ot k t ghi
33
10
10
Ot k phn khng
324/1
Cng t tc dng
670
2,5
2,5
Cng t phn khng
672
2,5
Tng cng
26
2,5
26
- in p nh mc ca BI : UmBI Ummng = 10,5 kV

- Dng in nh mc s cp : ImSC Icb = 3,969 kA
HONG VN NG
Page 71
2010
- Cp chnh xc : 0,5 ( v trong mch th cp c cng t )
Vy t cc iu kin trn ta chn BI cho cp in p my pht l loi T10 c

cc thng s : Um = 10,5 kV ; ImSC = 4000A ; ImTC = 5A
Vi cp chnh xc 0,5 ta c ZmBI = 1,2
Chn dy dn ni t BI n dng c o:
Gi thit khong cch t BI n dng c o l l = 30m. V bin dng mc trn c
3 pha nn chiu di tnh ton l : ltt = l = 30m.
Tng tr cc dng c o lng mc vo pha a ( hoc pha c ) l :
S
26
Zdc = 2 dc = 2 = 1,04
IdmTC
5
m bo chnh xc th tng ph ti th cp (Z2) k c tng tr dy dn
khng c vt qu ZmBI :
Z2 = Zdc + Zdd ZmBI = 1,2
Zdd ZdmBI - Zdc = 1, 2 1,04 = 0,16
Zdd R dd =
S
.l
S
0,16
.l
0,0175.30
=
= 3,28 mm 2
R dd
0,16
Vy ta chn dy dn bng ng c tit din l S = 4mm2

My bin dng chn khng cn phi kim tra n nh ng v n quyt nh bi
iu kin n nh ng ca thanh dn mch my pht.
Ta c ImSC = 4000A > 1000A do vy BI chn khng cn kim tra n nh
nhit.
b. Chn bin dng cho cp in p 110kV v 220kV
BI chn theo iu kin :
- in p nh mc ca BI : UmBI Ummng
- Dng in nh mc s cp : ImSC Icb
HONG VN NG
Page 72
2010
Vi cp in p 110kV ta c Icb = 379 A
Vi cp in p 220kV ta c Icb = 458 A

Ta chn BI c thng s nh bng sau :
Thng s
tnh ton
Um,
Icb,
Loi BI
(kV) (A)
110 379 TH
220 458
- 110M
TH220 - 3T
Bi Bi s Im, (A)
Cp Ph
Um, s n
n
chnh ti
kV nh nh
S Th xc
()
ng nhit cp cp
110
110
220
34,6/3 400
-
600
im,
(kA)
0,5
1,2
0,5
54-108
5.6. Chn cp v khng in cho ph ti a phng
HONG VN NG
Page 73
2010
N5
F1
F2
K1
K2
MC1
N6
Cp 1
MC2
N7
HONG VN NG
Cp 2
Page 74
2010
5.6.1. Chn cp
Ph ti cp in p Um = 10kV, Pmax = 13MW, cos = 0,84 bao gm 2 ng dy

cp kp x 3MW v 3 ng dy cp n x 2,5 MW.
Chn tit din cp kp theo mt dng in : S Skt =
Ta c:
Tmax
Ilvbt
J kt
365 24
365 24
=
. Pi .t i =
. Pi %.t i
PUFmax 0
100 0
365
( 60.6 +65.2 +85.4 + 80.2 +90.2 + 100.2 + 70.2 +65.4 ) = 6460,5h
100
Tra bng vi cp li nhm v Tmax = 6460,5 h ta c Jkt =1,2A/mm2
Tmax =
a). chn cp n
Ilvbt =
P
=
3.Udmcos
2,5
= 0,172 kA
3 . 10.0,84
I lvbt
0,172. 103
S kt =
=
=143,33 mm 2
J kt
1, 2
Tra bng chn cp ba li bng nhm c cch in bng giy tm du

nha thng v cht do khng chy, v bng ch, t trong t (nhit
t to = 15oC ) ta c :
S = 150mm2 ; Um = 10 kV ; Icp = 275 A
Kim tra cp kp chn theo iu kin pht nng bnh thng:
k1.k2.Icp Ilvbt
iu kin :
Trong : k2 - h s hiu chnh theo s cp t song song, k2 = 0,92.

k1 - h s hiu chnh theo nhit
cpbt - xq
K1 =
cpbt - h
Trong :
cpbt - nhit cho php lc bnh thng; cpbt = 700C
HONG VN NG
Page 75
2010
xq - nhit mi trng xung quanh; xq = 420C
ch - nhit chun; ch = 250C
cpbt - xq
K1 =
=
cpbt - ch
70 - 42
= 0,789
70 - 25
Thay vo iu kin trn ta c :

0,789.0,92.275 = 199,617 A > Ibt = 172 A
Nh vy cp chn m bo iu kin pht nng cho php.
b). chn cp kp
Ilvbt =
P
3
=
= 0,103 kA
3.Udmcos
2 3 . 10.0,84
I lvbt
0,103 . 103
Skt =
=
= 85,833 mm2
J kt
1, 2
Tra bng chn cp ba li bng nhm c cch in bng giy tm du
nha thng v cht do khng chy, v bng ch, t trong t (nhit
t to = 15oC ) ta c :
S = 95mm2 ; Um = 10 kV ; Icp = 205 A
Kim tra cp kp chn theo iu kin pht nng bnh thng:
k1.k2.Icp Ilvbt
iu kin :
Trong : k2 - h s hiu chnh theo s cp t song song, k2 = 0,92.

k1 - h s hiu chnh theo nhit
cpbt - xq
K1 =
cpbt - h
Trong :
cpbt - nhit cho php lc bnh thng; cpbt = 700C
HONG VN NG
Page 76
2010
xq - nhit mi trng xung quanh; xq = 420C
ch - nhit chun; ch = 250C

cpbt - xq
70 - 42
K1 =
=
= 0,789
cpbt - ch
70 - 25
Thay vo iu kin trn ta c :
0,789.0,92.205 = 148,77 A > Ibt = 103 A
Nh vy cp chn m bo iu kin pht nng cho php.
* Khi cp lm vic trong tnh trng cng bc :
Theo qui trnh thit b in, cc cp c cch in bng giy tm du, in p khng
qu 10 KV ,trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng dng in qua chng khng vt
qu 80 % dng cho php ( hiu chnh ) .Khi s c c th cho php qu ti 30 %
trong thi gian khng qu 5 ngy m .
+ iu kin kim tra :
1,3. k1.k2.Icp Icb
- Dng lm vic cng bc qua cp khi t mt si :
Icb = 2.Ibt = 2.103 = 206 (A)
- Vy ta c :
1,3. k1.k2.Icp =1,3. 0,789. 0,92. 205 = 193,44 < Icb = 206 (A).
Vy chom cp c
S = 120mm2 ; Um = 10 kV ; Icp = 240 A

Khi khi qu ti
1,3. k1.k2.Icp =1,3. 0,789. 0,92. 240 = 226,47 > Icb = 206 (A).
- Tm li : Cp c S =120mm2 tha mn iu kin pht nng
5.6.2. Chn khng in
Khng in u ng dy ph ti a phng c chn theo cc iu kin sau:
- in p : UmK Um.mng = 10kV
- Dng in : ImK IcbK
HONG VN NG
Page 77
2010
Trong : IcbK l dng in cng bc qua khng, c tnh khi ph ti a phng

l ln nht v s c mt khng.
- in khng XK% c chn theo iu kin n nh nhit cho cp khi ngn mch
v theo iu kin dng ct ca my ct t u ng dy.
a). Tnh dng in cng bc qua khng.
S nh my in khng c thanh gp in p my pht nn trng hp ny c 2
khng in ng dy ly in t u cc my pht c MBA lin lc (pha trn my
ct), gia 2 phn on ca 2 khng c lin h vi nhau bng my ct lin lc thng
m, v n ch ng khi c mt khng s c cp in cho a phng (nh hnh v
trn). Vy trong trng hp ny dng in cng bc qua khng s l:
IcbK =
Scb
=
3.Udm
PDFmax
=
3.Udm .cos
13
= 0,894kA
3.10.0,84
Ta chn khng in n c cun dy bng nhm: PbA-10-1000-4 c:

ImK = 1000A ; UmK = 10 kV
Chn loi my ct 8BK41c cc thng s cho trong bng sau:
Cp
in p
i lng tnh ton
i lng nh mc
Icb
IN
Ixk
Loi
(kV)
(kA)
(kA)
(kA)
10,5
62,377
158,79
Im
(kA)
Ict m
Im
my ct
Um
(kV)
(kA)
(kA)
8BK41
12
12,5
80
225
Vi Icb = max{Icb n ; Icb kp} =max{0,172 ; 0,206} = 0,206 kA

b). Tnh ton chn in khng
chn in khng Xk% ca khng
in ta lp s thay th nh sau:
HONG VN NG
Page 78

X HT
XK
MC1
N5
X C1
MC2
N6
2010
X C2
N7
Cc im ngn mch trong s :

-im N5 : im ngn mch ti ni u in khng
-im N6 : im ngn mch ngay sau MC1 u ng dy cp 1, phc v cho
chn MC1 v kim tra n nh nhit cho cp 1 khi ngn mch.
-im N7 : im ngn mch ngay sau MC2 u ng dy cp 2, phc v cho
chn MC2 v kim tra n nh nhit cho cp 2 khi ngn mch (nu yu cu).
ChnScb = 100 MVA v ngn mch ti N5 c IN5 = 62,377 kA
Icb =
Scb
100
=
=5,77 kA
3.U tb
3.10
Xc nh Xk%:
IN min{Icm ; Inhit min}
Smin .C
tC
Vi I nhiet min =
Smin = min{Sn ; Skp} = min{150 ; 120} =120 mm2
I nhiet min =
Smin .C 120.88
=
= 16696,8 A
tC
0,4
Trong : C l h s ph thuc vt liu cp ( CAl = 88 ).

tc thi gian ct ca my ct 1 : tc = 0,4s
INcp = min{Icm ; Inhit min} = 16,697kA
X HT =
M ta c: I N5 =
I cb
5, 77
=
= 0, 093
I N 5 62, 377
I cb
I Ncp
X HT + X K
HONG VN NG
Page 79

XK
2010
Icb
5,77
- X HT =
0,093 = 0, 252
I Ncp
16,697
Vy : X K % = X K .
I dmK
1
.100 = 0,252.
.100 = 4,267%
I cb
5,77
Vy khng in chn tho mn yu cu k thut.

5.7 Chn chng st van :
Chng st van l thit b c ghp song song vi thit b in bo v chng
qu in p kh quyn. Khi xut hin qu in p, n s phng in trc lm gim
tr s qu in p t trn cch in ca thit b v khi ht qu in p s t ng dp
h quang xoay chiu, phc hi trng thi lm vic bnh thng.
5.7.1 Chn chng st van cho thanh gp :
Trn cc thanh gp 220 KV v 110 KV t cc chng st van vi nhim v quan
trng l chng qu in p truyn t ng dy vo trm. Cc chng st van ny
c theo in p nh mc ca trm
Trn thanh gp 110 KV ta chn chng st van loi PBC- 110 c Um = 110 KV, t
trn c ba pha.
5.7.2 Chn chng st van cho my bin p :
a. Chng st van cho my t ngu :
Cc my bin p t ngu do c s lin h v in gia cao v trung p nn sng
in p c th truyn t cao p sang trung p hoc ngc li. V vy , cc u ra cao
p v trung p ca cc my bin p t ngu ta phi t cc chng st van.
- Pha cao p ca my bin p t ngu ta chn chng st van loi PBC-220 c Um =
220 KV, t c ba pha.
- Pha trung p ca my bin p t ngu ta chn chng st van loi PBC-110 c Um
= 110 KV, t c ba pha.
b. Chng st van cho my bin p hai cun dy :
Mc d trn thanh gp 220 KV c t cc chng st van nhng i khi c nhng
sng c bin ln truyn vo trm, cc chng st van y phng in.
in p d cn li truyn ti cun dy ca my bin p vn rt ln c th ph
hng cch in ca cun dy,c bit l phn cch in gn trung tnh nu trung
HONG VN NG
Page 80
2010
tnh cch in. V vy ti trung tnh ca my bin p hai cun dy cn b tr mt

chng st van.
Tuy nhin do in cm ca cun dy my bin p bin ng st khi ti im
trung tnh s gim mt phn, do chng st van t trung tnh c chn c in
p nh mc gim mt cp.
Ta chn chng st van loi PBC-110 c Um = 110 KV.
HONG VN NG
Page 81
2010
CHNG 6
Chn s v thit b t dng

in t dng l mt phn in nng khng ln nhng li gi mt phn quan trng
trong qu trnh vn hnh nh my in, n m bo hot ng ca nh my nh :
chun b nhin liu, vn chuy nhin liu, bm nc tun hon, qut gi, thp sng,
iu khin, tn hiu v lin lc ...
in t dng trong nh my nhit in c bn c th chia lm hai phn :
- Mt phn cung cp cho cc my cng tc m bo s lm vic ca l v tua bin
cc t my.
- Phn kia cung cp cho cc my cng tc phc v chung khng lin quan trc
tip n l hi v tuabin nhng li cn thit cho s lm vic ca nh my.
Ta chn s t dng theo nguyn tc kinh t v m bo cung cp in lin tc,
i vi nh my in thit k ta dng hai cp in p t dng 6,3kV v 0,4kV.
B3
F3
B1
B2
F1
F2
B4
F4
6,3kV
0,4kV
HONG VN NG
Page 82
2010
6.1. Chn my bin p t dng cp 1

Cc my ny c nhim v nhn in t u cc my pht 10,5 kV cung cp cho
ph ti t dng cp in p 6,3 kV phn cn li cung cp tip cho ph ti cp in p
0,4 kV.
Cng sut nh mc ca my bin p t dng cp 1 c chn nh sau :
.S
SdmB1
Fdm
STDmax
n
Trong : l h s % t dng
n l s my pht trong nh my
SdmB1
STDmax
18,7
=
= 4,675 MVA
n
4
Ta chn my bin p loi TMH 6300 c cc thng s nh sau :

Loi my bin
p
UmC
UmH
(kV)
(kV)
TMH 6300
10
6,3
SmB
P0
(kVA) (kW)
6300
7,65
PN
(kW)
UN %
I0 %
6,5
0,8
46,5
My bin p d tr : c chn ph hp vi mc ch ca chng : my bin p d

tr ch phc v thay th my bin p cng tc khi sa cha .
Cng sut my bin p d tr c chn nh sau :
S dmBdt 1,5.
STD max
18,7
= 1,5.
= 7,013 MVA
n
4
Ta chn my bin p d tr loi TMHC 10000 c cc thng s nh sau:

Loi my bin SmB
p
(kVA)
THC
10000
HONG VN NG
10000
UmC
UmH
(kV)
(kV)
10,5
6,3
P0
PN
(kW) (kW)
12,3
85
UN %
I0 %
14
0,8
Page 83
2010
6.2. Chn my bin p t dng cp 2

Cc my bin p t dng cp 2 dng cung cp in cho ph ti cp in p 0,4
kV v chiu sng. Cng sut ca cc loi ph ti ny thng nh nn cng sut my
bin p thng c chn loi my c cng sut t 630-1000 kVA. Loi ln hn
thng khng c chp nhn v gi thnh ln v dng ngn mch pha 0,4kV ln.
Cng sut ca my bin p t dng cp 2 c chn nh sau :
STDmax
18,7.103
SdmB2 (1015)%.
= (1015)%.
= (468 701) kVA
n
4
Vy ta chn loi my bin p ABB-630 c cc thng s sau :
Loi my
bin p
SmB
(kVA)
ABB - 630
630
in p (kV)
cun cao cun h
6,3
0,4
Tn tht (kW)
Po
PN
1,2
6,2
UN %
6.3. Chn my ct pha cao p ca my bin p t dng cp 1

Chn tng t nh vi my ct ca cp in p 10,5 kV c chn trong chng
4. Tc l loi my ct 8BK41.
Cp
in p
(kV)
10,5
i lng tnh ton
i lng nh mc
Icb
IN
Ixk
Loi
(kA)
(kA)
(kA)
my ct
3,969
30,242
76,984
8BK41
Um
(kV)
Im
(kA)
Ict m
Im
(kA)
(kA)
12
12,5
80
225
6.4. Chn my ct pha h p ca my bin p t dng cp 1

chn my ct in trong trng hp ny ta tnh dng ngn mch ti thanh gp
phn on 6,3 kV ( im N5 ). Ta c s thay th tnh ton ngn mch nh sau:
HONG VN NG
Page 84

X HT
X B1
2010
6,3kV
N6
N5
My ct c chn theo iu kin sau:

UmMC Ummng ;
ImMC Icb
I2nh . tnh BN
im ixk
Icm IN7
Trong chng ngn mch ta tnh c dng ngn mch chn kh c in mch
t dng l : IN5 = 62,377 kA .
in khng ca h thng tnh n im ngn mch N5 l :
X HT =
I cb
5,499
=
= 0,088
I N5
62,377
in khng ca my bin p t dng cp 1 l :
XB1 =
UN % Scb
6,5 100
.
=
.
= 1,032
100 Sdm B1 100 6,3
X = XHT +XB1 = 0,088+1,032 =1,12

Vy dng ngn mch ti im N6 l :
I"N6 =
Icb
Scb
100
=
=
=8,182kA
X
3Utb.X
3.6,3.1,123
i xk N6 = 2 . 1,8 . 8,182 = 20,827kA

Ta chn my ct 8BM20 c cc thng s k thut nh sau :
Loi my
ct
Um(kV)
Im(A)
Icm (kA)
im (kA)
8BM20
7,2
1250
25
63
HONG VN NG
Page 85
2010
My ct chn c : Im = 1250 A > 1000 A
im = 63 kA > ixk = 20,773 kA

Do vy khng cn kim tra n nh ng v n nh nhit.
6.5. Chn ptmt

chn ptmt ta tnh dng ngn mch ti thanh gp phn on 0,4kV (im
N6). Ta c s thay th tnh ton ngn mch nh sau :
X HT
X B1
X B2
N6
N5
0,4kV
N7
ptmt c chn theo iu kin sau :

- in p nh mc : U dm 0,4kV
- Dng in nh mc : I dm I max
"
- Dng in ct nh mc : I c dm I N7
Trong : - Imax l dng in ln nht pha 0,4kV

I m ax =
S dm B2
=
3 .U d m
630
= 9 0 9 ,3 2 7 A
3 .0 ,4
- IN7 l dng ngn mch ti thanh gp phn on 0,4kV

in khng ca my bin p t dng cp 2 :
X B2 =
U N % Scb
4
100
.
=
.
= 6,349
100 SdmB2
100 0,63
X = XHT + XB1 + XB2 = 0,088 + 1,032 + 6,349 =7,469

Vy dng ngn mch ti im N7 l :
HONG VN NG
Page 86
2010
I"N7 =
Icb
=
X
Scb
=
3U tb .X
100
= 19,324 kA
3.0,4.7,469
Ta chn ptmt C801N c thng s k thut nh sau :
Loi ptmt
Um(V)
Im(A)
Icm (kA)
C801N
690
800
25
HONG VN NG
Page 87
2010
Mc lc
M u.1
ChngI: Tnh ton v cn bng cng sut
1.1: chn my pht in.2
1.2: Tnh ton ph ti v cn bng cng sut.2
ChngII: Chn s u dy ca nh my
2.1: xut cc phng n...9
2.2: Chn my bin p .12
2.3: Phng n I12
2.4: Phng n II...15
2.5: Tnh tn tht in nng v tn tht cng suat 19
ChngIII: Tnh ton dng in ngn mch
3.1: Tnh in khng trong s thay th ....25
3.2: Phng n I.27
3.3: Phng n II...35
Chng IV: So snh kinh t k thut v chn phng n ti u
4.1: Chn s ni in chnh cho cc phng n ...46
4.2; Tnh ton kinh t cc phng n .46
4.3: La chn phng n ti u..53
Chng V: Chn kh c in v dy dn
5.1: Chn my ct in v dao cch ly...55
5.2: chn thanh dn cng cho mch my pht in....57
5.3. Chn s thanh dn cng mch my pht in.60
5.4. Chn thanh dn mm ...61
5.5. Chn my bin p o lng..67
HONG VN NG
Page 88
2010
5.6. Chn cp v khng in cho ph ti a phng..73

5.7: Chn chng st van....80
Chng VI: Chn s v thit b t dng

6.1. Chn my bin p t dng cp 1................................................83
6.2. Chn my bin p t dng cp 2.................................................84
6.3. Chn my ct pha cao p ca my bin p t dng cp 1............84
6.4. Chn my ct pha h p ca my bin p t dng cp 1..............84
6.5. Chn ptmt..86
HONG VN NG
Page 89

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N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

Trong nhng nm gn y, vi chnh sch kinh t mi, ng v nh nc ta ch

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

TNH TON PH TI & cn bng cng sut

1.2 Tnh ton ph ti v cn bng cng sut :

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

16-18 18-20 20-24

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

S td(t) : ph ti t dng ti thi im t.

S NMmax : cng sut t ca ton nh my.

: s phn trm lng in t dng.

16-18 18-20 20-24

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

5. Cn bng cng sut ton nh my v cng sut pht vo h thng :

13,155 12,381 13,929 15,476

15,895 16,456 17,578 17,017 18,7

40,909 47,727 64,773 57,955 68,182 57,955

SHT(t)MVA 140,16 145,76 151,99 146,4

174,19 143,302 144,99 152,575

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

-vai tr ca nh my in thit k i vi h thng :

-Kh nng pht trin ca nh my ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh v tr nh

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

Gim c ti a s thit b ni vo thanh gp in p nn gi thnh r c li v

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

V mt cng sut khc phc c nhc im ca phng n I, lun lun cung

cp cng sut cho cc ph ti cho d gp phi s c ngng mt trong cc my. Do

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

Do , ta thy hai phng n I & II c nhiu u im hn, m bo an ton ,

1.Chn my bin p cho phng n I :

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

- B my pht in my bin p t ngu :

2. Phn phi cng sut : cc my bin p v cc cun dy :

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

SmTN = 160 (MVA) > 2,93 (MVA) tha mn iu kin s c .

- Cng sut truyn qua cun cao ca my bin p t ngu :

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

+ iu kin kim tra s c :

+ Xt phn b cng sut trn cc cun dy ca MBA t ngu khi s c :

(Cng sut truyn t bn trung p (110 kV) sang nn mang du m)

- Cng sut truyn qua cun cao ca my bin p t ngu :

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

2. Tnh dng phn phi cho cc my bin p v cc cun dy :

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

3. kim tra qu ti.

- B my pht in my bin p hai dy qun :

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

- Cng sut truyn ti qua cun trung ca my bin p t ngu l :

- Cng sut truyn qua cun cao ca my bin p t ngu l :

- iu kin kim tra s c :

ST max S B 68,182 64, 075

My bin p chn tho mn iu kin qu ti v SdmTN = 160 > 5,867

- Cng sut pha cao ca my bin p t ngu :

SC = S H ST = 50,146 4,107 = 46, 039( MVA).

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

A 2cd = 365.(Po.t + PN. 2

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P

C PNC-T do ta ly PNC-H = PNT-H =

SCi2 .t i = 70,082.6 + 72,882.2 + 75,9952.2 + 73,22.2 + 87,0952.2 + 71,6542.2

+ 72,4952.2 + 76,2882.4 = 133113,51 kWh

N NH MY INV TRM BIN P