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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Mc Lc
Mc Lc............................................................................................................1
Li m u........................................................................................................3
PHN I: GII THIU CHUNG.......................................................................4
I.Gii thiu chung v vt liu sy..................................................................4
1. Tnh cht ca nguyn liu.....................................................................4
1.1. Tnh cht vt l...............................................................................4
1.2 Tnh cht ha hc............................................................................4
2. ng dng ca MnO2.............................................................................4
II. Gii thiu chung v my sy thng quay.................................................5
1.nh ngha, phm vi ng dng v phn loi..........................................5
2.Gii thiu v dy chuyn thit b sy thng quay..................................7
3.La chn thit b.......................................................................................10
4.Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh............................................................10
PHN II : THIT K H THNG SY THNG QUAY........................11
I.Cc thng s ban u................................................................................11
II. Tnh ton v la chn nhin liu...........................................................12
1. Nhit dung ring ca than ...................................................................12
2. Nhit tr cao ca than...............................................................................13
3.Nhit tr thp ca than..............................................................................13
4. Lng khng kh l thuyt t chy 1 kg nhin liu..........................13
5. Entanpi ca hi nc trong hn hp khi...............................................13
6. H s khng kh d bung t v bung trn theo l thuyt...........14
III. Tnh ton cc thit b chnh...............................................................14
1. Lng m bay hi trong qu trnh sy................................................14
2. Lng vt liu kh tuyt i...............................................................15
3. Phng trnh cn bng nhit................................................................15
4. Th tch thng sy...............................................................................15
5. Chiu di ca thng.............................................................................15
6. Thi gian sy.......................................................................................16
7. S vng quay ca thng sy................................................................17
8. Cng sut cn thit quay thit b....................................................17
9. Cn bng l t than............................................................................18
9.1.Nhit lng vo tnh khi t 1kg than...............................................18
a) Nhit lng vo bung t..................................................................18
b)Nhit lng ra khi bung trn tnh khi t 1 kg than........................19
Qra = Q4 + Q5 + Qm (KJ)..........................................................19
9.2.Phng trnh cn bng nhit l t than............................................21
Qvo = Qra.....................................................................21
10. Tnh h s truyn nhit.....................................................................25
b) Xc nh .............................................................................................27
11. Cn bng nhit lng trong thit b sy............................................30
11.1. Nhit lng vo..............................................................................30
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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

11.2. Nhit lng ra khi my sy..........................................................31


11.3. Phng trnh cn bng nhit ca thit b sy..................................33
11.4. Trng thi ca khi l vo my sy, i ra khi my sy v lu
lng kh..................................................................................................33
PHN III : TNH TON C KH..........................................................37
I. Tnh ton h thng bnh rng dn ng ..............................................37
1. Chn ng c......................................................................................37
2. T s truyn v s vng quay .............................................................38
3. Cng sut v momen xon trn trc ca bnh rng nh ....................38
4. Tnh ton b truyn bnh rng tr, rng thng....................................39
a) Xc nh khong cch trc.................................................................39
b) Xc nh thng s n khp .................................................................39
c) Tnh rng v bn tip xc...............................................................40
d) Kim tra bn un qua ti ...............................................................42
Cc thng s kch thc b truyn :........................................................43
II. Xc nh ti trng ..............................................................................44
1. Trng lng vt liu nm trong thng.................................................44
2. Trng lng ca thng........................................................................44
3. Trng lng ca vnh ai....................................................................44
4. Trng lng ca bnh rng vng .......................................................45
5. Trng lng ca lp cch nhit ..........................................................45
6. Trng lng ca cnh mc nng
..................................................45
III. Kim tra bn cho thng quay............................................................46
1. Khong cch gia hai vnh ai...........................................................46
2.Mmen un do ti trng gy ra ...........................................................46
3.Mmen un do bnh rng vng gy ra ................................................46
4.Tng mmen un .................................................................................46
5.Mmen chng un ca thng ..............................................................46
IV.Tnh vnh ai .....................................................................................46
1. Ti trng trn mt vnh ai.................................................................46
2.Phn lc con ln ..................................................................................47
3.B rng vnh ai...................................................................................47
V. Tnh con ln chn, con ln ............................................................48
1.Tnh con ln ....................................................................................48
2. Tnh con ln chn ...............................................................................49
PHN IV : CC THIT B PH...........................................................50
I .Tnh ton l t....................................................................................50
1.Th tch bung t ...............................................................................50
2.Din tch ghi l.....................................................................................51
II .Qut thi vo my sy........................................................................51
Kt Lun..................................................................................................53
Ti liu tham kho...........................................................................................54
Nhn xt ca trng khoa:..............................................................................55
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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Li m u
Sy l mt trong nhng cng on quan trng trong cng ngh sn xut.
Thc t ta thy nu khng c qu trnh sy th thnh phm sau khi sn xut xong c
m rt cao, nh hng n qu trnh bo qun v lu tr. Cc qung nhn to sau
khi sn xut c thnh phm nu khng qua cng on sy d nh hng n cht
lng qung do nh hng ca iu kin mi trng. Nc ta l mt trong nhng
nc c iu kin thi tit kh m, chnh v vy cng on sy l mt cng on v
cng quan trng trong giai on sn xut qung, nng sn. trong n mn hc
ny, em s trnh by v quy trnh cng ngh v thit k thit b sy thng quay
sy qung mangandioxit nhn to vi nng sut 13 tn/gi c m u vo l
8,5% v m u ra l 0,5%.

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

PHN I: GII THIU CHUNG


I.Gii thiu chung v vt liu sy
1. Tnh cht ca nguyn liu
1.1. Tnh cht vt l
Qung MnO2 l cht bt mu en c thnh phn khng hp thc, khi un nng s b
phn hy thnh oxit thp hn.
iu kin thng n l oxit bn nht trong cc oxit ca Mangan, khng tan trong
nc, tng i tr.
Khi lng ring: 5030 Kg/m3.

1.2 Tnh cht ha hc


Khi un nng, n tan trong axit v kim nh mt oxit lng tnh. Khi tan trong
dung dch axit n khng to nn mui km bn ca Mn+4 theo phn ng trao i m
tc dng nh cht oxi ha.
Khi tan trong dung dch KOH c to nn dung dch xanh lam cha cc ion Mn (III)
v Mn (V) v trong iu kin ny ion Mn (V) khng tn ti c.
Khi nu chy vi kim hoc oxit baz mnh to thnh mui Managanat.
nhit cao, MnO2 c th b kh bi H2,CO2 hoc C to thnh kim loi.
Khi nu chy vi kim nu c mt cht oxi ha v d nh:KNO3
,KClO3,O2..MnO2 b oxi ha thnh Mn theo phng trnh:
MnO2 + KNO3 +K2CO3 =K2MnO4 + KNO2 + CO2

2. ng dng ca MnO2
MnO2 tn ti trong t nhin di dng khong vt pirolusit l hp cht ca
Mangan c nhiu ng dng trong thc t.

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

dng bt MnO2 l xc tc cho phn ng phn hy KClO2 v H2O2 ,phn ng oxi


ha NH3 thnh NO v axit Axetic thnh Axeton
c a vo nguyn liu nu thy tinh lm mt mu lc ca thy tinh,cho thy
tinh mu hng hoc en (vi lng ln).
Trong cng nghip gm MnO2 to mu nu ,en cho men.
Trong cng nghip sn xut pin MnO2 c s dng lm mt in cc ca pin.
V d nh:
Mangan dioxit c xem l ng vin c nhiu u im lm nguyn liu ch to
in cc cho pin sc bi v chng c nhiu trong thin nhin v tng hp vi mi
trng . Tn dng nhng u im ca mangan dioxit nhiu phng php c hiu
qu c pht trin ci thin c tnh ca in cc MnO2)C nhm mc ch s
dng cho pin s cp.
in cc hn hp ca MnO2/Cacbon c ch to bng cch cho trc tip bt cacbon
vo trong dung dch Manganaxetat cng kt ta vi MnO2.nH2O trn b mt nn
cacbon . Hnh thi hc b mt v cu trc tinh th c xc nh bng phng php
hin vi in t qut ( SEM) v k thut nhiu x tia X (XRD) . Qut th vng tun
hon ( CV ) nh gi tnh cht in ha ca in cc c ch to.Kt qu
chng minh bt cacbon c hiu qu lm tng in dung v ci thin tnh cht in
ha ca in cc Mangandioxit.

II. Gii thiu chung v my sy thng quay


1.nh ngha, phm vi ng dng v phn loi
Sy l qu trnh dng nhit nng lm bay hi nc ra khi vt liu.Qu
trnh ny c th tin hnh bay hi t nhin bng nng lng t nhin nh nng
lng mt tri,nng lng gi.(gi l qu trnh phi hay sy t nhin).Dng
cc phng php ny ch tn nhit nng nhng khng ch ng iu chnh
c vn tc ca qu trnh theo yu cu k thut , nng sut thpbi vy trong
cc ngnh cng nghip ngi ta thng tin hnh qu trnh sy nhn to ( ngun
nng lng do con ngi to ra ).
Ty theo phng php truyn nhit trong k thut sy cng chia ra :
Sy i lu phng php sy cho tip xc trc tip vt liu vi khng kh
nng,khi l.(gi l tc nhn sy).

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Sy tip tip xc l phng php sy khng cho tc nhn sy tip xc trc tip
vi vt liu sy m tc nhn truyn nhit cho vt liu sy gin tip qua mt vch
ngn .
Sy bng tia hng ngoi l phng php sy dng nng lng ca tia hng ngoi
do ngun nhit pht ra truyn cho vt liu sy.
Sy bng dng in cao tn l phng php sy dng nng lng nhit trng
c tn s cao t nng trn ton b chiu di ca lp vt liu.
Sy thng hoa l phng php sy trong mi trng c chn khng chn rt
cao nhit rt thp nn m t do trong vt liu ng bng v bay hi t trng
thi rn khng qua trng thi lng.
Ba phng php cui c s dng trong cng nghip nn gi chung l phng
php sy c bit.
Trong cng nghip ha cht v thc phm, cng ngh v thit b sy i lu v
tip xc c dng nhiu hn c, nht l phng php sy i lu. N c nhiu
dng khc nhau v c th sy c hu ht cc dng vt liu sy.
Theo kt cu nhm thit b sy i lu c th gp cc dng sau:
Thit b sy bung( nng sut thp, lm vic khng thng xuyn)
Thit b sy hm( nng sut cao, lm vic bn lin tc)
Thit b sy thp( sy vt liu dng ht nh thc, ng)
Thit b sy thng quay( nng sut khng cao, sy vt liu dng cc, ht v bt)
Thit b sy phun( sy vt liu dng huyn ph nh c ph tan, sa bt)
Thit b sy kh ng( sy vt liu dng b, nh v c cha m b mt)
Thit b sy tng si( nng sut cao)

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

2.Gii thiu v dy chuyn thit b sy thng quay


H thng sy thng quay l h thng sy lm vic lin tc chuyn dng sy
vt liu ht, cc nh nh: ct, than , cc loi qung, mui v cc ha cht
NaHCO3, BaCl2,

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5

6 7

II 9

10

11

12 III

14
15
16

4
3

2
1

234.4
400

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18

19

20

1.Thng quay

2.Vnh i

3.Con Ln

4.Bnh rng

5.Phu hng sn phm

6.Qut ht

7.Thit b lc bi

8.L t

9.Con ln chn

10.M t qut chuyn ng

11.B tng

12.Bng ti

13.Phu tip liu

14.Van diu chnh

12.Bng ti

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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

My sy thng quay gm 1thng hnh tr (1) t nghig vi mt phng nm


ngang 1 6o. Ton b trng lng ca thng c t trn 2 bnh ai (2).
Bnh ai c t trn bn con ln (3), khong cch gia 2 con ln cng
1 b (11) c th thay i iu chnh cc gc nghing ca thng, ngha l iu
chnh thi gian thi lu vt liu trong thng .Thng quay c l nh c bnh rng
(4 ). Bnh rng (4) n khp vi vi bnh rng dn ng (12) nhn truyn ng ca
ng c (10) qua b gim tc.
Vt liu t c np lin tc vo u cao ca thng qua phu cha (14) v
c chuyn ng dc theo thng nh cc m ngn. Cc m ngn va c tc
dng phn b u theo tit din thng, o trn vt liu va lm tng b mt tip
xc gia vt liu sy v tc nhn sy. Cu to ca m ngn ph thuc vo kch
thc ca vt liu sy tnh cht v m ca n. Vn tc ca khi l hay khng kh
nng i trong my sy khong 2 3 m/s,thng quay 3 8 vng/pht. Vt liu kh
cui my sy c tho qua c cu tho sn phm (5) ri nh bng ti xch (13)vn
chuyn vo kho.
Khi l hay khng kh thi c qut (7) ht vo h thng tch bi,
tch nhng ht bi b cun theo kh thi. Cc ht bi th c tch ra, hi lu tr li
bng ti xch (13). Kh sch thi ra ngoi.
Tc khi l hoc khng kh nng i trong thng khng c ln hn 3m/s bi
nu tc ln hn 3m/s th vt liu b cun nhanh ra khi thng.
Cc m ngn trong thng va c tc dng phn phi u vt liu theo tit din
thng , o trn vt liu va lm tng b mt tip xc gia vt liu sy v tc nhn
sy. Cu to ca m ngn ( cnh o trn ) ph thuc vo kch thc ca vt liu
sy v m ca n. Cc loi m ngn c dng ph bin trong my sy thng
quay gm cc loi:

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

S cu to cnh trong thit b sy thng quay


a. Cnh nng

b. Cnh nng chia khoang


c. Cnh phn b u(cnh phn phi ch thp)
d. Cnh hn hp
e. Cnh phn vng
i vi vt liu dng cc to nhng xp, nh trong thng sy c th b tr cnh nng
( Hnh a )
Ngc li vi vt liu sy dng cc to,nng th nn b tr cnh nng c chia khoang
( hnh b )
Khi sy vt liu dng ht hoc cc nh, nh ngi ta thng dng loi cnh phn
phi ch thp(hnh c)
i vi vt liu sy c kch thc ht qu b c th to thnh bi th nn dng cnh
loi chia thnh khoang kn ( hnh e )
u im:
Qu trnh sy u n v mnh lit nh tip xc tt gia vt liu sy v tc nhn
sy. Cng sy ln c th t 100kg m bay hi/m3h.
Thit b gn c th c kh ha v t ng ha ton b khu sy.
Nhc im:

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Vt liu b o trn nhiu nn d to bi do v vn phi nn trong nhiu trng hp


s lm gim cht lng sn phm.

3.La chn thit b


Theo s liu m ban u ca qung MnO2 nhn to l W1 = 8.5% , qu trnh
cn phi thc hin lin tc vi nng sut 13 tn/h ,vt liu dng bt, c th t chy
c nn chn cnh o trn kiu phn phi. Tc nhn khi l ( v nhit u ca
tc nhn sy 240oC) chuyn ng ca tc nhn sy trong thit b sy chn xui
chiu.

4.Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh


Vt liu sy l qung MnO2 nhn to v thng st bng h thng gu ti.
Qung MnO2 nhn to khi vo thng sy c m 8,5% , chuyn ng cng chiu
vi tc nhn sy.
Tc nhn sy s dng l khi l, to ra t nhin liu t than, sau khi qua
bung ha trn vi khng kh bn ngoi t nhit thch hp cho qu trnh sy.
Dng tc nhn sy c gia tc bng qut y t trc thit b v qut ht t
cui thit b.
Trn ng ng dn khi l vo bung ha trn v ng ng dn khng kh
t mi trng vo bung ha trn u c cc van, dng iu chnh lu lng cc
dng. t nhit k sau bung ha trn xc nh nhit ca tc nhn sy trc
khi vo thng sy, nu nhit qu cao ta s m van tho bt khi l ra, gim
lng khi l vo bung ha trn gim bt nhit , ngc li nu nhit cha
, ta kha bt van dn khng kh t mi trng vo bung ha trn.
Thng sy c dng hnh tr t nm nghing mt gc 30 so vi mt phng ngang,
c t trn mt h thng con ln v con ln chn. Chuyn ng quay ca
thng c thc hin nh b truyn ng t ng c sang hp gim tc n bnh
rng gn trn thng. Bn trong thng c gn cc cnh kiu phn phi, dng o
trn vt liu sy mc ch l tng din tch tip xc gia vt liu sy v tc nhn
sy, do tng b mt truyn nhit v tng cng trao i nhit qu trnh sy
din ra trit .
Trong thng sy ht qung MnO2 c nng ln n cao nht nh sau
ri xung. Trong qu trnh vt liu tip xc vi tc nhn sy, thc hin cc qu

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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

trnh truyn nhit v truyn khi l bay hi m. Nh nghing ca thng m vt


liu s c vn chuyn i dc theo chiu di thng. Khi i ht chiu di thng sy,
vt liu s t c m cn thit cho qu trnh bo qun 0,5%.
Sn phm qung MnO2 nhn to sau khi sy c a vo bung tho liu, sau khi
qua ca tho liu s c bao gi bo qun hay dng vo cc mc ch sn xut
khc.

Dng tc nhn sy khi qua bung sy cha nhiu bi do cn phi


a qua h thng lc bi trnh thi bi bn vo khng kh gy nhim mi
trng. y, ta s dng h thng lc bi bng nhm 4 xyclon. Khi l sau
khi lc bi s c thi vo mi trng. Phn bi lng s c thu hi qua
ca thu bi ca xyclon v c x l ring.

PHN II : THIT K H THNG SY THNG QUAY


I.Cc thng s ban u
Kiu thit b sy thng quay: phng thc sy xui chiu
Tc nhn sy: khi l
Nhit khi l vo thng sy : t1 = 240oC
Nhit khi l ra khi thng sy: t2 = 80oC
Vt liu l qung MnO2 nhn to dng bt mn.
Khi lng ring xp ca MnO2: x = 724,32 ( Kg/m3 ) c tnh nh sau:
x MnO2 = tb MnO2 . ( Kg/m3)

Trong :
: l h s in y ( chn = 0,15 do chn cnh khuy kiu phn phi )
tb MnO2 =

1 + 2
2

Vi 1 : Khi lng ring ca vt liu trc khi sy, 1 = 5030 ( Kg/m3)


2 : Khi lng ring ca vt liu sau khi sy
2 = 1 - lng m bay hi trong 1 m3 th tch
2 = 1 ( W1 W2 ) 1 = 5030 ( 8,5 0,5).5030 = 4627,6 ( Kg/m3 )

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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni


tb MnO2 =

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

1 + 2 5030 + 4627,6
=
= 4828,8 ( Kg/m3 )
2
2

x MnO2 = tb MnO2 . = 4828,8.0,15 = 724,32 ( Kg/m3 )

m u vo ca vt liu: 8,5%
m u ra ca vt liu: 0,5%
Nhit vt liu vo my sy: to = 25oC
Nhit vt liu ra khi my sy: t1 = 70oC
Nhit dung ring ca bn thnh phm trc khi vo my sy:C1 = 0,658(KJ/Kg)
Nhit dung ring ca bn thnh phm sau khi ra khi my sy: C2 = 0,68(KJ/Kg)
Cc thng s khng kh:
Nhit mi trng: t = 25oC
m tng i: o = 85%

Nng sut: 13 tn/h = 13000 Kg/h


II. Tnh ton v la chn nhin liu
Vt liu l than vi cc thnh phn nhin liu nh sau:
Nguyn t
C
H
O
N
Hm lng
85,32
4,56
4,07
1,8
T y ta c cc thng s lm vic nh sau:
C lv = C

A
7,87

100 ( W + A)
100 ( 3 + 7,87 )
= 85,32
= 76,04( % )
100
100

H lv = H

100 ( W + A)
100 ( 3 + 7,87 )
= 4,56
= 4,06( % )
100
100

O lv = O

100 ( W + A)
100 ( 3 + 7,87 )
= 4,07
= 3,63( % )
100
100

N lv = N

100 ( W + A)
100 ( 3 + 7,87 )
= 1,8
= 1,61( % )
100
100

S lv = S

S
4,25

100 ( W + A)
100 ( 3 + 7,87 )
= 4,25
= 3,79( % )
100
100

1. Nhit dung ring ca than


Nhit dung ring ca than c xc nh theo cng thc:
Ct = 837 + 3,7 to + 625x
Trong : to: l nhit ca than , chn to = 25oC
x: l hm lng ca cht bc,

x = 2,78%

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W
3

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Suy ra: Ct = 837 + 3,7.25 + 625.0,0278


= 946875 ( J/Kg ) = 0.946875( KJ/Kg)

2. Nhit tr cao ca than


Theo cng thc Mendeleep:
Qclv = 339.Clv + 1256.Hlv 109.( Olv Slv)

( VII.37/ 110 STT2)

= 339.76,04 + 1256.4,06 + 109.( 3,63 3,79)


= 30894,36 ( KJ/Kg )

3.Nhit tr thp ca than


Qlvth = Qc 25( W + 9Hlv) = 30894,36 25.( 3 + 9.4,06) = 29905,86( KJ/Kg)

4. Lng khng kh l thuyt t chy 1 kg nhin liu


cung cp cho cc phn ng chy, thnh phn ca oxi trong khng kh l
21%
Cc phn ng chy:
C + O2 CO2
2H2 + O2 2H2O
S + O2 SO2
p dng cng thc: ( VII/ 111 STT2)
Lo = 0,115Clv + 0,346Hlv + 0,043( Slv Olv)
= 0,115. 76,04 + 0.346.4,06 + 0,043.(3,79 3,63)
= 10,16 (Kgkkk/Kg than)

5. Entanpi ca hi nc trong hn hp khi


ih = ro + Ch.t

( QTTBT4 273)

Trong : ro: l nhit lng ring ca hi nc 0oC, ro = 2493 KJ/Kg


Ch: l nhit dung ring ca hi nc,

Ch = 1,97 KJ/Kg
t =240oC

t: l nhit ca khi l vo,


Suy ra : ih = 2493 + 1,97. 240 = 2965,8 (KJ/Kg)

13

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

6. H s khng kh d bung t v bung trn theo l thuyt


p dng cng thc: =

Qclv . + tt .Ct ( 9 H lv + W ).ih 1 ( 9 H lv + A+ W ).C pk .t1

Lo xo ( ih iho ) + C pk ( t1 to )

Trong :
Qclv: l nhit tr cao ca than, Qclv = 30894,36 KJ/Kg
: Hiu sut,
chn = 0,9
tt: l nhit tr ca than , tt = 25oC
Ct: l nhit dung ring ca than, Ct = 0,946875 KJ/Kg
Cpk: l nhit dung ring ca khng kh, Cpk = 1,004 KJ/Kg
ih: l entanpi ca hi nc nhit t1 = 240oC
iho: l entanpi ca hi nc nhit mi trng, to =25oC
iho = ro + Ch.to
Vi: ro: nhit lng ring ca hi nc nhit 0oC, ro =2493 (KJ/Kg)
Ch: nhit dung ring ca hi nc, Ch = 1,97 KJ/Kg
to: nhit ca mi trng, to = 25oC
Nn: iho = 2493 + 1,97. 25 = 2542,25 ( KJ/Kg )
t1: nhit ca khi l, t1 = 240oC
Lo : lng khng kh l thuyt t chy 1 kg nhin liu, Lo = 10,16 Kgkkk/Kg
than
xo : hm m ca khng kh iu kin t =25oC.Tra th I-x [ 255 4] ta c :
xo = 0,0166( Kg m/ Kg kk )
Io = 16,33 Kcal/ Kgkkk = 68,37 ( KJ/Kgkkk )
=

30894,36.0,9 + 25.0,946875 ( 9.0,0406 + 0,03) 2965,8 [1 ( 9.0,0406 + 0,0787 + 0,03).1,004.240]


10,16.[ 0,0166( 2965,8 2542,25) + 1,004( 240 25) ]

= 11,82

III. Tnh ton cc thit b chnh


1. Lng m bay hi trong qu trnh sy
Lng m bay hi c tnh theo cng thc :
W = G1

W1 W2
100 W2

(QTTBT2/165)

Trong : G1: l lng vt liu vo my sy: G1 = 13000 Kg/h

14

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

W1, W2: m u v m cui ca vt liu


W1 = 8,5%; W2 = 0,5%
Suy ra: W = 13000.

8,5 0,5
= 1045,226 (Kg/h)
100 0,5

2. Lng vt liu kh tuyt i


p dng cng thc :
100 W1
100 8,5
Gk = G1 100
= 13000. 100 = 11895 ( Kg/h )

3. Phng trnh cn bng nhit


G1 =G2 + W
Suy ra : G2 =G1 W
Trong : G2: lng vt liu kh ra khi thit b sy
G2 = 13000 1045,226 = 11954,774 ( Kg/h )

4. Th tch thng sy
W
A

Vth =

Trong : A: cng bay hi m, chn A = 30 Kg/m3h


W: lng m bay hi, W = 1045,226 Kg/h
1045,226
= 34,84( m 3 )
30
Suy ra: Vth =

5. Chiu di ca thng
4Vth

Lt = D 2
t
Trong : Vth: l th tch ca thng, Vth = 34,84 ( m3)
Dt: l ng knh thng sy
Thng t s gia chiu di thng sy v ng knh thng sy l:
Lt / Dt = 3,5 7. Chn Lt / Dt = 6
4V

4V

3
th
th
Suy ra: Lt = 6Dt 6Dt = D 2 Dt = 6
t

Nn ng knh thng l:

15

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Dt =

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

4Vth
4.34,84
=3
= 1,95( m ) . Ly Dt = 2 m
6
6.3,14

Suy ra: Chiu di thng l:


4V

4.34,84

th
Lt = D 2 = 3,14.2 2 = 11,096( m) . Chn chiu di thng l Lt = 12 m
t

Tnh li th tch thng v cng bay hi m


Th tch thng :
Vtt =

Dt2 Lt 3,14.2 2.12


=
= 37,68( m 3 )
4
4

Cng bay hi m :
W

1045,226

3
A = V = 37,68 = 27,74( Kg / m h ) . Ly A = 28 Kg/m3h
tt

6. Thi gian sy
Thi gian sy ca vt liu trong thng( Thi gian lu ca vt liu trong
thng) :
i vi my sy thng quay thi gian sy c xc nh theo CT :
s =

120 x (W1 W2 )
A[ 200 (W1 + W2 )

(S tay -tp2-trang123)

Trong :
+ x : Khi lng ring xp trung bnh ca vt liu trong thng quay, vi x
=724,32 kg/m 3
+ W1,W2 : m u v cui ca vt liu, tnh bng % khi lng chung:
w1 = 8.5 % , w2 = 0,5 %
+ : H s cha vt liu ca thng (0,1-0,25),chn = 0,15
+ A : Cng bay hi m, A = 28(kg m/ m3 h)
s =

120 0,15 724,32 (8,5 0,5)


= 19,503 (pht)
28 [200 (8,5 + 0,5)]

Kim tra li thi gian sy: (Theo 408- my v thit b sn xut ho cht)
Thi gian sy thc t s l:
=

60.Vtt . . f x
60.37,68.0,15.724,32
=
= 18,89 (pht)
G1
13000

Vtt : Th tch thc ca thng sy = 37,68 m2

16

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

7. S vng quay ca thng sy


S vng quay ca thng xc nh theo cng thc:
n=

m.k .Lt
, (S tay -tp2-trang122).
.Dt .tg

Trong :
+ Lt , Dt : Chiu di v ng knh ca thng sy (m)
Lt = 12 m,

Dt = 2 m

+ : Gc nghing ca thng quay, Thng gc nghing ca thng di l


o
1 6o, chn = 3o. Suy ra: tg = tg 3 = 0,052

+ m : H s ph thuc vo cu to cnh trong thng ; la chn cnh phn


phi , m = 1
+ k : H s ph thuc vo phng thc sy v tnh cht ca vt liu,k=0,7.
V y l phng thc sy xui chiu
+ : Thi gian lu li ca vt liu trong thng quay hay cng chnh l thi
gian sy, pht
n=

1 0,7 12
= 4,28 (Vng/pht )
18,89.2.0,052

8. Cng sut cn thit quay thit b


3
Ta c: N = 0,0013 Dt Lt a n x (VII.54-trang123-STT2)

Trong :
+ n : S vng quay ca thng, vng /pht
+ a : H s ph thuc vo dng cnh, a = 0,026 (theo bng VII.54-123)
+ x : Khi lng ring xp trung bnh, x = 724,32 kg/m 3
+ Dt,Lt : ng knh v chiu di ca thng (m)
Dt = 2 m,

Lt = 12 m

N=0,0013.23.12.0,026.4,28 724,32=10,059 (Kw)


Cng sut chn ng c:
Ndc =1,1.N = 1,1.10,059= 11,0649 (kw)
Chn chiu dy thng: Theo cng thc thc nghim ta c:
S = ( 0,007- 0,011 )Dt. Ly: S = 14mm = 0,014 m

17

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

9. Cn bng l t than
9.1.Nhit lng vo tnh khi t 1kg than
a) Nhit lng vo bung t
Qvo = Q1+Q2 + Q3 (KJ)
Trong :
Q1:Nhit lng do than mang vo(tnh theo 1kg than) ( KJ )
Q2:Nhit lng do khng kh mang vo bung t ( KJ )
Q3:Nhit lng do t chy 1kg than ( KJ )
Ta c:

Q1 = Gt Ct to =1. 0,946875.25= 23,67 (KJ)


Vi:
Ct: Nhit dung ring ca than Ct = 0,946875 KJ /kg
to: Nhit ca than vo l t to = 25 C
Gt: Khi lng ca than, Gt = 1 Kg

Q2 = Lo. .Io (KJ)


Trong :
Lo: L lng kh kh l thuyt mang i t chy ht 1kg than
Lo = 10,16 (kg k3/kg than)
Io :Hm nhit khng kh trc khi vo my sy
Tnh Io:
Ni suy theo th I-x (QTTBT2-255) :
to: Nhit ca mi trng : to = 25 o C
o : m tng i ca khng kh : o = 85%
xo = 0.0166 ( Kg m/ Kg kkk )

=> Io = 16,33 (kcal/kgk3)


Io = 68,37 (KJ /kgk3)
Q2 = 10,16.68,37

= 694,64 ( KJ )

Q3 = Qc lv
Trong : Q3: Nhit lng do t chy 1 kg than

18

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Q3 = 30894,36 (KJ )
Tng nhit lng vo bung t l:
Qvo = Q1 + Q2 + Q3
= 23,67 + 694,64 + 30894,36 = 694,64 + 30918,03 (KJ)

b)Nhit lng ra khi bung trn tnh khi t 1 kg than


Qra = Q4 + Q5 + Qm (KJ)
Trong :
Q4: Nhit do x mang ra ( KJ )
Q5:Nhit do khng kh mang ra khi bung t.( KJ )
Qm:Nhit mt mt ra mi trng. ( KJ )
Ta c:

Q4 = Gx.Cx.tx (KJ)
Gx : Khi lng x khi t 1kg than
Gx = A = 7,87 %
Cx: Nhit dung ring ca x: Cx= 0,754 ( KJ /kg ) (Tra s tay T1- 162)
tx :Nhit do x mang ra tx = 260 o C
Thay s :
Q4 =

7,87
0,754.260 = 15,43 ( KJ )
100

Q5 = Gk.Ck.t1
Vi:
t1 : Nhit khi l vo bung trn t1 =240 o C
Gk : Khi lng ca cht kh trong l
Ck : Nhit dung ring ca khi l
Ck =

G SO2 .C SO2 + GCO2 C CO2 + G N 2 C N 2 + G0 2 C O2 + G H 2O C H 2O


GK

(KJ /kg o C)

(S tay T2- VII.42-112)


Q5 = (GSO 2 .C SO 2 +G CO 2 .C CO 2 +G N 2 .C N 2 +GO 2 .CO 2 +GH 2 O.CH 2 O)t1

Thnh phn khi lng ca cc cu t kh khi t 1 kg nhin liu 240 o C:


Khi lng SO2:

19

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

GSO 2

2.S lv
= 100 = 0,02.Slv = 0,02.3,79= 0,076

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

( kg/kgthan )

Khi lng CO2


lv

GCO 2 = 0,0367C = 0,0367.76,04 = 2,79 ( kg/kgthan )


Khi lng N2
GN 2 = 0,769. .L0 + 0,01Nlv
= 0,769. .10,16 + 0,01.1,61
= 7,81. + 0,0161 ( kg/kgthan )
Khi lng m:
GH 2 O = mH 2 O + .Loxo
9 H LV + W
=
+ .Loxo
100

9.4,06 + 3
+ .10,16.0,0166
100

=0,395 +0,17 (Kg/kg than)


Khi lng O2:
GO 2 = 0,231( - 1).Lo = 0,231( - 1 ).10,16
= 2,35. - 2,35 (kg/kgthan)
Tnh nhit dung ring ca cc kh 240 o C:
CSO 2 = 0,18 (kcal/kg) = 0,754 (KJ /kg)
6

CCO 2 = 0,222 + 43.10 t1


=0,222 + 43.10 6 .240
= 0,2323 (kcal/kg) = 0,973 (KJ /kg)
CN 2 = 0,246 + 189.10-7.t1
= 0,246 + 189.10 7 .240
= 0,251 (kcal/kg) = 1,049 (KJ /kg)
CO 2 = 0,216 + 166.10-7.t1
= 0,216 + 166.10 7 .240
=0,22(kcal/kg) = 0,921 (KJ /kg)
CH 2 O = 0,436 + 119.10-6.t1

20

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

= 0,436 + 119.10 6 .240


=0,465(kcal/kg) =1,945 (KJ /kg)
Thay s vo Q5 ta c:
Q5 ={0,076.0,754 + 2,79.0,973 + [(7,81. +0,0161).1,049 + [(2,35. -2,35).0,921 ]
+ [(0,17+0,395. ).1,945]} 240 = 229,24 + 2670,08 (KJ)
C : Qm =10%Qvo = 0,1( 30918,03 + 694,64 )
= 3091,803 + 69,464

(kj)

Qra = Q4 + Q5 + Qm

= 15,43 + 229,24 + 2670,08 + 3091,803 + 69,464


= 3336,473 + 2739,544. ( KJ )

9.2.Phng trnh cn bng nhit l t than


Phng trnh cn bng l t
Qvo = Qra
30918,03 + 694,64

= 3336,473 + 2739,544.

27581,557 = 2044,904
= 13,49

: H s khng kh d thc t

Vy lng khng kh thc t cn cung cp cho l t l:


L = .Lo
= 13,49.10,16 = 137,06 ( kg k3/kg than)
Khi lng cc kh khi t 1 kg than:
Khi lng SO2: GSO 2 = 0,076 ( Kg/ Kg than )
Khi lng CO2: GCO 2 = 2,79 ( Kg/ Kg than )
Khi lng N2: GN 2 = 7,81 + 0,0161
= 7,81.13,49 + 0,0161 = 105,373 ( Kg/ Kg than )
Khi lng ca O2: GO 2 = 2,35 - 2,35
= 2,35.13,49 2,35 = 29,35 ( Kg/Kg than )
Khi lng ca H2O: GH 2 O= 0,395 + 0,17
= 0,395.13,49 + 0,17 = 5,499 (Kg/Kg than)
Qu trnh sy

21

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Vi cc thng s:
Chn nhit ca khng kh : to = 25 C
m tng i ca khng kh : o = 85%
Ni suy theo th I-x (QTTBT2-255) :
xo = 0.0166 (kg m/kgk3)

=> Io = 16,33 (kcal/kgk3)


Io = 68,37 (kj/kgk3)
Nhit ca khi l vo thng sy t1 = 240oC
Nhit ca khi l ra khi thng sy t2 = 80oC
A. Qu trnh sy l thuyt
*. Cc thng s i vo thit b sy
a) Hm m ca khi l
G hn
(kg/kg k3)
Gkk

x1 =

+ Ghn : L lng hi nc trong khi


GH 2 O = 0,433 + 0,0638
= 0,433 + 0,0638.13,49 = 1,29 ( Kg/Kg than )
Trong :
: H s khng kh d =13,49

+ Gkk : Lng khng kh kh sau bung trn c xc nh :


Gkk = 1 + .Lo - GH 2 O
= 1 + 13,49.10,16 1,29 = 136,77 ( kg/kgthan )
Hm m ca khi l l:
x1 =

1,29
= 0,009 (kg/kg k3)
136,77

b) Entanpi ca khi l sau bung trn :


Qclv . + Ct .to + .Lo I o + Gnin
I1 =
Gkk

[IV 304]

Trong :
Qclv : Nhit tr cao ca than :Qclv = 30894,36 (kj/kg than)
: Hiu sut bung t : = 0,9

22

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Io : Entanpi ca hi nc : Io = 68,37 (kj/kg )


Ct : Nhit dung ring ca than : Ct= 0,946875 (kJ/kg C )
to : Nhit ca than khi vo l : to = 25oC
: H s khng kh d = 13,49

Lo: L lng kh l thuyt mang t chy ht 1kg than:


Lo = 10,16 kg k3/kg than
Gkk : Lng khng kh kh sau bung trn :Gkk= 132,56 kg/kgthan
Gn: Lng hi nc trong khi, Gn = 1,29 Kg/Kg than
in: Entanpi ca hi nc nhit mi trng
in = ro + Ch.to= 2493 + 1,97.25 = 2542,25 ( KJ/Kg )
Vi: ro: Nhit lng ring ca hi nc 0oC, ro = 2493 ( KJ/Kg )
Ch: Nhit dung ring ca hi nc, Ch = 1,97 ( KJ/Kg )
Suy ra: I1 =

30894,36.0,9 + 0,946875.25 + 13,49.10,16.68,37 + 1,29.2542,25


132,56

= 386,08 (kj/kgkkk)
c) p sut hi bo ha ti t1= 240 0C
Pbh = exp{

17t1
17.240
- 5,093} = exp{
- 5,093} = 33,85 (bar)
233,59 + t1
233,59 + 240

d) m tng i 1 ti x1.
P. x1
1 =
=
Pbh (0,622 + x1 )

745
-4
750
.0,009 = 4,19.10 (%)
33,85(0,622 + 0,009)

*. Cc thng s i ra khi thit b sy


a) Hm nhit ca khi l:
Do qu trnh sy l thuyt nn : I1 = I2 = 386,08 (kj/kg k3)
b) Hm m ca khi l :
Lng m ca khi thi ra sau qu trnh sy l thuyt :
I1 Ckk t2

x2 = r + 1,842t
2
Trong :

Ckk Nhit dung ring ca khng kh Ckk=1,004 (kj/)


r : Nhit ha hi ca nc 80oC
r = 542,5(kcal/kg) = 2271,339 ( KJ/Kg)

23

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni


x2 =

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

386,08 1,004.80
= 0,12 (kg m/kg k3)
2271,339 + 1,842.80

c) p sut hi bo ha ti t2 = 80 oC
Pbh = exp{

17t 2
17.80
- 5,093} = exp{
- 5,093}=0,47(bar)
233,59 + t 2
233,59 + 80

d) m tng i 2 ti d2.
P. x2
2 =
=
Pbh (0,622 + x2 )

745
750
.0,12 = 0,34 (%)
0,47(0,622 + 0,12)

*. Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng.


Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng trong qu trnh sy l thuyt :
loIo + q = loI1 = loI2
Vi lo : Lng khng kh kh tiu hao cn thit bay hi 1 kg m
1
1
lo = x 2 x o =
= 9,67 (kg k3/kg m)
0,12 0,0166

Lng kh tiu hao trong 1h l :


Lo= lo.W =9,67. 1045,226 = 10108,57 (kg k3/h)
Nhit lng ring :
qo = lo(I1 - Io) =9,67.(386,08 68,37) = 3072,26 (kj/kg m)
Nhit lng cung cp cho W kg hi m :
Qo= qo.W = 3072,26.1045,226 = 3211206,031 (kj/h) = 892,0017 (kw)
*) Lu lng th tch khng kh trc khi qu trnh sy c xc nh theo cng
thc : V1 = 1 .Lo
1 : L th tch khng kh m (m3/kg)

Tra bng (318-I.255 ST1) t = 240oC => 1 = 0,685 (kg/m3)


1

=> 1 = =
= 1,46 (m3/kgkk)
0,685
1
Vy V1 = 1 .Lo = 1,46.10108,57= 14758,51 (m3/h)
*) Lu lng th tch khng kh sau khi qu trnh sy c xc nh theo cng thc
V2 = 2 .Lo
2 : L th tch khng kh m (m3/kg)

24

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Tra bng (318-I.255 ST1) t = 80 oC => 1 = 1,000 (kg/m3)


1

=> 2 = =
= 1 (m3/kg)
1,000
2
Vy V2 = 2 .Lo = 1.10108,57= 10108,57 (m3/h)
*) Lu lng trung bnh l:
Vtb =

14758,51 + 10108,57
V1 + V2
=
= 12433,54 (m3/h)
2
2

Din tch t do ca thng sy


Ft = 0,785Dt2( 1 - ) ,m2
= 0,785.22.( 1 0,15 ) = 2,669 ( m2 )
Tc trung bnh ca dng kh trong thit b sy l:
V

12433,54

tb
Wtb = F = 2,669 = 4658,5 ( m3/h ) = 1,29 ( m3/h )
t

10. Tnh h s truyn nhit


K=

1
1

1
+ +
1
2

( s tay qu trnh v thit b T1 )

Trong :
1 :H s cp nhit i lu ca tc nhn sy n thnh thit b (W/ m 2 0 C )
2 :H s cp nhit t thnh ngoi thit b sy n mi trng (W/ m 2 0 C )
: H s dn nhit ca thnh thit b (W/ m 0 C )
: Chiu dy ca thnh thit b (m)

a) Xc nh 1 :
Theo cng thc : 1 =k ( 1/ + 1// ) (W/ m 2 0 C )
k: H s nhm k=(1,2 1,3) chn k = 1,25
1/ : H s cp nhit t tc nhn sy n thnh thit b sy do i lu cng

bc,ph thuc vo ch chuyn ng ca dng kh. (W/ m2 0 C )


1// : H s cp nhit t khng kh n thnh thit b do i lu t nhin. (W/ m2 0 C )

* Tnh 1/ :
Tc ca dng kh vo Wtb = 1,29 m/s
Ch chuyn ng c c trng bi chun s Reynon :

25

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni


Re =

Wtb . Dt

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

(359-ST1)

: h s nht ng ca kh (m2/s)

Dt : mg knh trong ca thit b (m)


Nhit trung bnh ca dng kh:
ttb =

t1 + t 2 240 + 80
=
= 160oC
2
2

Ti t = 160oC
Ni suy theo bng I.255-318 s tay T1
h s dn nhit : = 3,64.10-2 (W/ m 0 C )

nht ng hc : = 30,09.10-6 (m2/s)


Thay cc gi tr thc :
Re =

1,29.2
= 85743 > 104
30,09.10 6

=> Ch chy xoy


Nu = 0.018.Re0,8 .

( V.42.STT1/16 )

:H s ph thuc vo Re v

Lt 12
=
=6
Dt
2

Tra bng V.2-s tay T2 _ T 15


= 1,16

Nu = 0,018.(85743)0,8.1,16 = 184,62
1/ .Dt
m Nu =

1/ =

(QTTBT1-T 196)

N u . 184,62.3,64.10 2
=
= 3,36 (W/ m 2 0 C )
Dt
2

* Tnh 1// :
N u = 0,47.Gr 0, 25

(QTTBT1-T 206)

V h s cp nhit ca thit b nm ngang ca dng kh l ch i lu t do


trong khng gian rng c tnh nh hng chuyn ng :
Trong chun s Grashof : Gr
g .D 3 . .t
Gr =
2

26

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

g : Gia tc trng trng g = 9,81 m/s2

: H s dn n th tch (1/T) =

1
1
1
= 273 + t =
=2,31.10-3
T
273
+
160
tb

t : Nhit chnh lch gia nhit trung bnh ca dng kh v thnh thit b

sy.
Gi s nhit trung bnh ca thnh trong thit b sy l 130 0 C
Nhit lp ngn cch l: tl =

160 + 120
= 140 0 C.
2

Ti 140oC. Tra bng (I.255-318-STT1)ta c:

= 3,49.10 2

W/ m 0 C

= 27,80.10 6 m 2 / s
Ta c:
t = tb t1 = 160 140 = 20 oC

Gr =

g.D 3 . . t 9,81.2 3.2,31.10 3.20


=
= 46,91.108
2
( 27,8.10 6 ) 2

Vy Nu = 0,47.( 46,91.108 ) 0, 25 = 123,003


Mt khc:
D //
Nu = t 1

1// =

u . 123,003.3,49.10 2
=
= 2,15 (W/ m 2 0 C )
Dt
2

Vy 1 = k (1/ + 2// ) = 1,25(3,36 + 2,15) = 6,8875 (W/ m 2 0 C )


b) Xc nh 2
2 = 2/ + 2// (T-394 s tay qu trnh v thit b T2)

2/ : H s cp nhit t thnh thit b ra mi trng do i lu t nhin.

2// : H s cp nhit t thnh thit b ra mi trng do bc x

* Tnh 2/ : tmt = 250 C


Nhit lp bin gii gia khng kh v thnh thng sy ngoi cng l tng :
chn t ng = 55 0 C
t bg =

t mt + t ng
2

25 + 55
= 40 0C
2

t : Nhit gia thnh thit b ngoi v mi trng : t = 55 25 = 30 0C

27

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

T = 25 + 273 = 298 oK
t bg = 40 0 C tra bng I.255 (T-318 s tay qu trnh v thit b T1)

= 2,76.10 2 W/ m 0 C

= 16,96.10 6 m 2 /s

Chun s Grashof :
Gr =

3
g.Dng
.t

2 .

Trong :
Dng : ng knh ngoi ca thit b
Thng c cu to gm 3 lp :
+ Lp v bo v v b dy thng.Vt liu lm thng l thp CT 5 c = 50
(W/ m 2 0 C )
+

Tng nhit tr ca thnh thit b sy ca lp cch nhit v ca thnh bo

n
B dy ca thng b1=14mm = 0,014 m
Lp v bo v trong cng : b3=1 mm = 0,001 m
+ Chn vt liu cch nhit l bng thy tinh c h s dn nhit l 2 =0,0372 (W/
m 2 0 C ) (T-128 s tay qu trnh v thit b T1)

Nhit ca thnh thng: t2 = t1 = 120oC


Nhit lp v bo v: t4 = t3 = 55oC
Nhit lu ring : q1 = Dt qt = Dt1 ( tdk tth )
Dt : ng knh trong ca thng, Dt = 2 m
1 : H s cp nhit t tc nhn sy n v thit b sy, 1 =6,8875 ( W/m2 )

tth: nhit trung bnh ca thnh thit b, tth = 120oC


tdk: nhit trung bnh ca dng kh, tdk= 240oC
Suy ra: q1 = Dt qt = Dt1 ( tdk tth ) = .2.6.8875.( 240 120) = 5193,05 ( W/m2 )
Theo cng thc n gin ta c :

2
q1 = b Dtb ( t2 t3 )
2

M Dtb = Dt + 2S + 0,5b2 =2 + 2.0,014 + 0,5.b2

28

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Vi b2 l b dy lp bo n
Suy ra: q1 =

0,0372
( 2 + 2.0,014 + 0,5.b2 )(120 55)
b2

5193,05b2 = 0,0372. .65 ( 2 + 2.0,014 + 0,5b2 )


5189,25b2 = 15,41
b2 = 0,003 m2.( y l b dy ca lp cch nhit )

ng knh ngoi ca thit b


D ng = Dt + 2(b3 + b2 + b1 )
=2 + 2(0,014+0,003+0,001)= 2,036 (m)
T=25+273=298 0 K
=> Gr =

9,81.2,036 3.30
= 2,89.1010
(16,96.10 6 ) 2 .298

M Chun s: Nu = 0,47.Gr0,25 = 0,47. (2,89.1010)0,25 = 193,92


2/ =

N u . 193,92.2,76.10 2
=
= 2,63(W/ m 2 0 C )
Dng
2,036

* Xc nh 2// theo cng thc:


1 4 T2 4
n .C 0 .


2// =
100 100
T1 T2

(W/ m 2 0 C )

Trong :
Co :H s bc x ca vt en tuyt i C 0 = 5,76 (W/ m 2 0 K )
T 1 ,T 2 : nhit tng i ca b mt ngoi thit b sy v mi trng xung
quanh
T 1 =55+273=328 0 K
T 2 =25+273=298 0 K
n : Mc en tuyt i ca thit b n = 0,95
328 4 298 4
0,95.5,76.


2 0
2// =
100 100 = 6,73 (W/ m C )
328 298

2 = 2/ + 2// = 2,63 + 6,73 = 9,36 (W/ m 2 0 C )

H s truyn nhit chung ca tc nhn sy n mi trng xung quanh

29

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

1
1
K = 1 + + 1 = 1 + b1 + b3 + b2 + 1
1
2
1
1
2 2

1
1
0,014 + 0,001 0,003
1 = 3,003 (W/m oK)
K=
+
+
+
6,8875
50
0,0372 9,36

Xc nh b mt trao i nhit
F = .Dn .Lt + 2. .Dn2 / 4

= 3,14.2,036 .12 + 2.0,785 .( 2.036 ) 2 = 83,26 m2 (420-Thit k my ho cht T1)


+ Xc nh H s nhit trung bnh : t tb
1 n

t tb =
2,3 lg 1 ( Qu trnh v thit b tp 1- T 193)
n
1 = t1 t0 = 240 25 = 215 0 C

n = t2 t0 = 80 25 = 55 0 C
215 55
= 117,36 0
t tb =
215
C
2,3 lg
55

Vy nhit tn tht ra ngoi mi trng l


Qmt =

3,6.K .F .t tb 3,6.3,003.83,26.117,36
= 101,07 (Kj/kg m)
=
1045
,
226
W

11. Cn bng nhit lng trong thit b sy


11.1. Nhit lng vo
Gi n l s kg than cn t trong 1h
Tng nhit lng :

Qvo = Q1 + Q2 ( KJ/s )

*) Q1: Nhit lng do nhin liu sy mang vo my sy


Q1 = G1.C1.to
G1: Nguyn liu ca my sy G1 = 13000 ( Kg/h ) = 3,61 ( Kg/s )
C1: Nhit dung ring ca vt liu sy khi vo my sy.
C1= 0,1572 ( Kcal/Kg o C ) = 0,658 ( KJ/Kg )

(Tra bng I.143,STT1-160)

to: Nhit ca vt liu sy vo my sy to =25 0 C


Q1 = 3,61.0,658.25 = 59,38 ( KJ/s ) = 59,38 ( KW )

30

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

*) Q2 :L nhit lng do khi l mang vo khi sy khi t n kg than


Nhit do khi l mang vo my sy khi t 1 kg than chnh l nhit lng Q5
tnh bung t :
Q2 = n.Q5
Vi Q5 = 229,24 + 2670,08

( KJ/h )

M: = 13,49
Q2 =( 229,24 + 2670,08.13,49 )n = 36248,62.n ( Kg/h )

= 10,07.n ( KJ/s )
Vy tng nhit lng vo my sy: Qvo = 59,38 + 10,07.n ( KJ/h )

11.2. Nhit lng ra khi my sy


Qra = Q ' 1 +Q ' 2 +Q ' 3 + Q ' 4 (kj)
Trong :
*) Q ' 1 : Nhit do vt liu sy mang ra khi my sy
Q ' 1 = G2.C 1' .t1
Trong : G2 : Khi lng ca vt liu ra khi my sy :
G2 = 11954,774 ( Kg/h ) = 3,32 ( Kg/s )
C 1' : Nhit dung ring ca vt liu ra khi my sy
C 1' = C1.(1 w2) + Cn .w2 ( KJ/Kg o C )
Cn : nhit dung ring ca nc 25 o C
Cn = 0,99875 ( Kcal/Kg o C ) = 4,18 ( KJ/Kg o C )
C 1' = 0,658.(1 - 0,005) + 4,18.0,005 = 0,68 ( KJ/Kg o C )
t 1' :Nhit sn phm ra khi my sy t 1' = 70 o C
Q ' 1 = 3,32. 0,68. 70 = 158,032 ( KJ/s )

*) Q '2 :Nhit do bc hi nc v do hi nc mang ra ngoi:


Q '2 = w.[Cn1.(100 t0) + r + Cn2(t2 100)]
Trong :
Cn1 ,Cn2 : nhit dung ring ca nc to , t2
to =25 o C Cn1 = 0,999 ( Kcal/Kg o C ) = 4,183 ( KJ/Kg o C )
t2 =80 o C Cn2 = 1,003 ( Kcal/Kg o C ) =4,199 ( KJ/Kg o C )
(Tra bng I.147 STT1 165)

31

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

r : nhit ho hi ca hi nc 80oC. Ni suy bng I.212/254


r = 542,5 ( Kcal/Kg ) = 2271,339 ( KJ/Kg )
W:
Vy : Q '2 =

1045,226
[4,183( 100 25 ) + 2271,339 + 4,199( 80 100 )]
3600

= 725,314 ( KJ/s )
*) Q 3' : Nhit do khi l mang ra khi my sy nhit 80 o C
'

Q 3 =(GSO 2 .CSO 2 +GCO 2 .CCO 2 +GN 2 .CN 2 +GO 2 .CO 2 +GH 2 O.CH 2 O)thh.n ( KJ/s )
Trong :
thh: Nhit hn hp kh: thh = 80

Gi: Khi lng ca cc cu t trong hn hp kh t


Ci :Nhit dung ring ca cc cu t tng ng
Khi lng ca cc kh khi t 1kg than tnh cn bng nhit l t l:
GSO 2 = 0,076
GCO 2 = 2,79
GN 2 = 105,373
G H 2 O = 5,499
GO 2 = 29,35

( Kg/Kgthan )
( Kg/Kgthan)
( Kg/Kgthan )
( Kg/Kgthan )
( Kg/Kgthan )

Nhit dung ring ca cc kh t2= 80 o C l:


o

+ CSO 2 = 0,167. ( Kcal/Kg C) = 0,699 ( KJ/Kg C )


6

+ CCO 2 = 0,222 + 43.10 .t2


= 0,222 + 43.10 6 .80
= 0,225 ( Kcal/Kg o C ) = 0,944 ( Kj/Kg o C )
+ CN 2 = 0,246 + 189.10-7.t2
= 0,246 + 189.10 7 .80
= 0,248 ( Kcal/Kg o C) = 1,038 ( KJ/Kg o C )
+ CO 2 = 0,216 + 166.10-7.t2
= 0,216 + 166.10 7 .80
= 0,217 ( Kcal/Kg o C ) = 0,909 ( KJ/Kg o C )

32

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

+ CH 2 O= 0,436 + 119.10-6.t2
= 0,436 + 119.10 6 .80
= 0,446 ( Kcal/Kg o C) = 1,867 ( KJ/Kg o C )
Vy :
Q 3' = (0,076.0,699+2,79.0,944+105,373.1,038+29,35.0,909 +5,499.1,867 ).80.

n
3600

= 3,31.n ( KJ/s )
Q '4 : Nhit lng tn tht ra mi trng.
Q '4 = qmt.w = 101,07.

1045,226
= 29,31( KJ/s)
3600

Vy : Qra = 158,032 + 725,314 + 3,31n + 29,31


= 912,65 + 3,31.n ( KJ/s )

11.3. Phng trnh cn bng nhit ca thit b sy


Qra = Qvo
912,656 + 3,31.n = 59,38 + 10,07.n
n = 126,22 ( Kg )

Vy lng than cn t trong 1h l : n = 126,22 ( Kg )

11.4. Trng thi ca khi l vo my sy, i ra khi my sy v lu lng


kh
*) Hm m ca khng kh 200 o C tnh theo 1kg khng kh kh
x1 =

mH 2 O
mkk

(kg/kg k3 )

(Theo QTTB T2 314)

Trong : m H 2 O: Lng hi nc trong khi l khi vo thng sy tnh theo 1 kg


than , m H 2 O = 1,29 ( Kg/Kg than )
mkk : Lng khng kh kh tnh theo 1kg than.
mkk = 1 + Lo - mH 2 O

(STT2 VII.40 111)

= 1 +13,49.10,16 1,29
= 136,77 (kg/kg k3 )

33

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni


x1 =

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

1,29
= 0,009 (kg/kgkkk)
136,77

*) Tnh hm nhit ti t1 = 240 o C


I1 = (0,24 + 0,47x1)240 + 595x1

(CT10.4/T256/QTTBT2)

Thay s ta c : I1 = (0,24 + 0,47.0,009)240 + 595.0,009


= 63,97 ( Kcal/Kgk3 ) = 267,83 ( KJ/Kgkkk )
=> Trng thi ca khi l trc khi vo my sy
t1 =240 o C
x1 = 0,009 (kg/kgk3)
I1 = 63,97 ( kcal/kgk3) = 267,83 ( KJ/Kgk3)
*) Nhit lng tiu hao thc t trong thit b sy:
= l .(I2 I1)

= 4,18.to qvl qmt ( KJ/Kg m )

(STT2 389)

qvl : Nhit tiu hao nung nng vt liu


to: Nhit m ca vt liu mang vo. to = 25oC
qmt :Nhit tn tht ra mi trng, qmt = 101,07 ( KJ/Kg m )
*) Nhit lng tiu hao nung nng vt liu
Theo (thit k my sy 219)
G2.C 2 (t 2' t 0 )
qvl =
W

t '2 : Nhit vt liu trong bung t, chn t '2 = 70 o C


C2 : Nhit dung ring ca vt liu sau sy C2 = 0,68 ( KJ/Kg o C )
G2 : Khi lng vt liu sau khi sy G2 = 11954,774 ( Kg/h )
Vy :
qvl =

11954,774.0,68.(70 25)
= 349,99 ( Kg/h )
1045,226

Thay s ta c:

= 4,18.25 349,99 101,07 = - 346,56 ( KJ/Kg m )


*) Tnh hm nhit ca khi l nhit t2 = 80 o C
I2 = t2 + ( 2493 + 1,97t2)x2 ( Kcal/Kg k3 )
Thay s :

34

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

I2 = 80 + ( 2493 + 1,97. 80 )x2

= 80 + 2650,6x2
Mt khc:

I 2 I1
x 2 x1

(Theo CT10.8a-QTTBT2-258)

2650,6 x2 + 80 267,83
= - 346,56 (kj/kg m)
x2 0,009

2997,16x2 = 190,949
x2 = 0,064 ( Kg/Kg k3 )

T ta suy ra:
I2 = 80 + 2650,6.0,064 = 249,64 ( KJ/Kg k3 )
Vy khi ra khi my sy khi l trng thi :
t2 = 80 o C
x2 = 0,064 ( Kg/Kg k3 )
I2 = 249,64 ( KJ/Kg k3 )
Lng khng kh tiu hao thc t bc hi 1 kg m l:
l=

1
1
=
= 18,18 ( Kg/Kg k3 )
x 2 x1
0,064 0,009

Tng lng kh kh cn thit :


L = W.l =1045,226.18,18 = 19002,21 ( Kg/Kg k3 )
Lng nhit tiu hao ring:
q = l(I1 I0) (s tay T2 VII.23-103)
=18,18.(267,83 68,37) ( Kg/Kg k3 )
= 3626,18 ( KJ/Kg m )
Lng kh a vo my sy:

m=
=

m H 2O + mkk
mkk

.L

(QTTBT2-317)

1,29 + 136,774
.19002,21 = 19181,43 ( Kg/h )
136,774

Lng kh i vo bung t 25 o C:

35

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

V25 =
=

m
kk

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

(m 3 /h)

19181,43
= 16186,86 ( m 3 /h) = 4,49 ( m 3 /s)
1,185

Vi:
m: Khi lng kh i vo my sy (kg/h)
kk : khi lng ring ca khng kh 25 o C:

Ni suy theo bng I.255-318-STT1) 25 o C ta c kk = 1,185 ( Kg/m 3 )


Lng kh i vo bung t 240 o C:

V200 =

kk

(m 3 /h)

Ni suy theo bng I.255-318-STT1) 240 o C ta c :


kk = 0,685 ( Kg/m 3 )

Vy: V240 =

19181,43
= 28002,09 (m 3 /h) = 7,78 ( s)
0,685

Lng kh i ra khi my sy nhit 80 o C:


V80 =

m + m H 2O

kk

(m 3 /h)

19181,43 + 1,29
= 19182,72 (m 3 /h) = 5,34 (m 3 /s)
1,000

Vi: kk = 1,000 (Kg/m 3 )


Lu lng th tch trung bnh qu trnh sy:
Vtb= 0,5(V240 + V80) = 0,5.(7,87 + 5,34 ) = 6,605 (m 3 /s)

36

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

PHN III : TNH TON C KH


I. Tnh ton h thng bnh rng dn ng
1. Chn ng c
Ta chn loi ng c nhn hiu 4A (do Lin x c ch to):
N c = 15 kw nn ta chn loi ng c c k khiu: 4A180M8Y3 c cc thng s
sau:
S vng quay n = 730 vng/pht, hiu sut = 0,875
(bng P.13-tnh ton thit k dn ng c kh t1-235)
Cng sut lm vic ca ng c: Nlv = Nd = 15.0,875 =13,125 ( KW )
Ta thy : Nlv > Nc do tha mn thng quay

37

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

2. T s truyn v s vng quay


T s truyn ca ton b h dn ng l

n h =

N c
730
=
= 170,56
nthung 4,28

Chn hp gim tc bnh rng hnh tr 2 cp c t s truyn gia hp gim tc v


ng c l nhp= 40
Vy t s truyn ca cp bnh rng dn ng c l n hp =40

u=

nh 170,56
=
= 4,264
nhp
40

S vng quay ca bnh rng nh n khp vi bnh rng gn trn thng quay

N br = u .nthng = 4,264 .4,28 = 18,25(vng / pht )


Ly Nbr = 19 ( vng/pht )

3. Cng sut v momen xon trn trc ca bnh rng nh


Cng sut trn trc ca bnh rng nh l

N 1 = .N c
: hiu sut truyn ng ca h dn ng tnh t ng c n bnh rng nh

= hp . ol. ms

Trong :

hp :bnh rng =0,9

01: hiu sut ln 0,99 0,995 chn ol =0,99

ms : hiu sut ca ma st 0,9 0,96 chn ms = 0,96


= 0,9.0,99.0,96 = 0,855
Cng sut trn trc bnh rng nh l

N1 = 0,855.15 = 12,75 (kw)


Momen xon tc dng ln trc ca bnh rng l:

38

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

9,55.10 6.1 9,55.10 6.12,75


1 =
=
= 114,08.105 N/mm
N br
19
4. Tnh ton b truyn bnh rng tr, rng thng
a) Xc nh khong cch trc

aw = K a .( u + 1) 3

T1 .K HP
[ H ] 2 .u. ba

(Tnh ton h thng dn ng c kh)


T 1 : Momen xon trn trc bnh rng 1 : T 1 = 114,08.10 5 N/mm
Ka:H s ph thuc vo vt liu ca bnh rng v loi rng.Vi rng thng v vt
liu bnh rng l thp ta c: Ka=49,5 Mpa
u: T s truyn ca cp bnh rng dn ng thng quay u= 4,264

[ H ] : ng sut tip xc cho php ca vt liu chn [ ] =481,8MPa


H

Chn vt liu lm bnh rng nh l thp 45 c kch thc khng ln hn 60 mm c


nhm : 241 285
KHP:H s phn b khng u ti trng trn chiu rng v rng.Chn KHP=1,1

=0,3

ba

bd=0,53. ba (u 1) = 0,53.0,3( 4,264 + 1 ) = 0,84


Vy aw = 49,5.( 4,264 + 1)

114,08.105.1,1
= 1369,86mm
481,82.4,264.0,3

Chn aw = 1370 mm

b) Xc nh thng s n khp
Modun bnh rng
m = (0,01 0,02).a w = 13,7 27,4 mm

Chn modun theo bng IX-99 (Tnh ton h thng dn ng c kh)


m=15mm
S bnh rng nh: z 1 =

2.aw
2.1370
=
= 34 ,71
m.( u +1) 15 (4,264 +1)

Ly z 1 =35

39

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

S bnh rng ln :
z 2 =u.z 1 = 4,264.34,71= 147,96
Ly z 2 =148
S rng tng l : z t =z 1 +z 2 = 35 + 148 = 183
Tnh li khong cch trc
aw =

m.zt 15.183
=
= 1373mm
2
2

c) Tnh rng v bn tip xc


ng xut tip xc trn mt rng phi tha mn iu kin sau:
2T1 .K H .( u + 1)
[ H ]
bw .u.d w2

H = z H .z m .z .

(T-105-Tnh ton h thng dn ng c kh)


z H :H s hnh dng b mt tip xc
:Gc nghing ca rng hnh tr c s =0
w :Gc n khp.Theo tiu chun VN 1065-71 : = 20 0
2. cos
2. cos 0
=
=1,764
sin 2 w
sin 2.20

zH =

z m :H s tnh n vt liu ca bnh rng khp


z m = 274 MPa (Tnh ton h thng dn ng c kh)
z :H s tnh n s trng khp ca rng
4
(khi =0)
3

z =

1
1
= 1,88 3,2 + . cos
z1 z 2

1
1
+
. cos 0 = 1,767
35 148

= 1,88 3,2

Ly = 1,8
Z =

4 1,8
= 0,856
3

40

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

ng knh bnh rng nh


dw = Kd

T1 K HP (u + 1)

[ H ] 2 u b

= 77

114,08.105.1,1(4,264 + 1)
= 686,33 mm
481,8 2.4,264.0,84

Ly dw = 690mm
(T-96,Tnh ton h thng dn ng c kh)
+) T 1 :Momen xon tc ng ln bnh rng 1. T 1 =114,08.10 5
+) K H : h s ti trng khi tnh v tip xc theo CT :
K H =K HP .K H .K HV
K HB : H s phn b khng u ti trng K HB =1,1
K H =1 ( bnh rng thng ) l h s phn b khng u ca ti trng cho cc i

rng ng thi n khp


K HV : H s ti trng ng :
K HV = 1 +

Vi

H .bw .d w
2.T1.K H.K H

= F .g 0 .v.

aw
u

H =0,006 : H nh hng ca cc sai s n khp

Tra bng 6.15 (Tnh ton h thng dn ng c kh T 107)


g 0 : H s nh hng sai lch cc bnh rng 1 v 2
g 0 = 82

.d w .n1 .690.19
=
= 0,69 m/s < 2
60000
60000

Nn chn cp chnh xc l 9
H = 0,006.82.0,69.

1373
= 6,09
4,264

bw :Chiu rng bnh rng nh


bw = ba .a w = 0,3.1373 = 412 mm
K HV = 1 +

6,09.412.690
= 1,06
2.114,08.10 5.1,1.1

K H = K HP K H K HV = 1,1.1.1,06 = 1,166

41

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni


H = z H .z m .z .

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

2T1 .K H .( u + 1)
bw .u.d w2

2.114,08.10 5.1,166.( 4,264 + 1)


274.1,764.0,856.
= 169,29 MPa
412.4,264.690 2
=

Vy H = 169,29MPa [ H ] =481,8 MPa


Nn bn tip xc c m bo

d) Kim tra bn un qua ti


m bo bn un cho rng th ng sut un sinh ra ti chn rng khng
c vt qu ng sut un cho php

F =

2.T1 .K F .Y .YF 1 .Y
bw .d w .m

[ F1 ]

(Tnh ton h thng dn ng c kh)


Tnh K F
K F :H s ti trng :
K F =K FP .K F .K FV
K FP :H s phn b khng u K FP =1,24
K F :H s k n s khng u ti trng K F =1,05
K FV : H s k n ti trng xut hin trong vng n khp
K FV =1 +

VF .bw .d w
2.T1 .K F P.K F

Vi V F = F .g 0 .v.

aw
u

Tra bng F = 0,016


g 0 =82
V F = 0,016.82.0,69.
K FV =1 +

1373
= 16,24
4,264

16,24.412.690
= 1,15
2.114,08.105.1,24.1,05

42

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

K F =1,24.1,05.1,15 = 1,4973
Y :H s k n nghing ca rng

= 0 Y =1
Y :H s k n s trng khp ca rng
1

Y = = 1,8 = 0,56

YF : H s dng rng vi h s dch chuyn x=0


YF 1 =4,08

YF 2 =3,6

Thay s vo ta c
F1 =

2.114,08.10 5.1,4973.0,56.1.4,08
= 18,31 MPa
412.690.15

Nhn xt F 1 < [ F 1 ] = 236 MPa


F 2 = F 1.

YF 2
3,6
= 18,31.
= 16,16 MPa
YF 1
4,08

F 2 < [ F 2 ] = 185 MPa

Vy b truyn m bo v iu kin bn un

Cc thng s kch thc b truyn :


Khong cch trc
a w = 1373 mm

ng knh vng chia


d1 = mz1 = 15.35 = 525
d 2 = m.z 2 = 15.148 = 2220

ng knh nh rng
d a1 = d1 + 2m = 525 + 2.15 = 555

d a 2 = d 2 + 2m = 2220 + 2.15 = 2250

Chiu rng vnh bnh rng nh


b1 = bw = 412 mm

Chiu rng vnh bnh rng ln


b2 = aw .0,2 = 1373.0,2 = 275 m

43

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

ng knh y rng
df1= d1 2m = 525 2.15 = 495mm
df2= d2 2m = 2220 2.15 = 2190 mm

II. Xc nh ti trng
1. Trng lng vt liu nm trong thng
Qvl=

G1.g . 13000.9,81.18,89
=
= 40150,695 (N)
60
60

(Hng dn thit k my ha T1-89)


G1 : Khi lng vt liu vo my sy G1=13000 kg/h

: Thi gian sy

= 18,89 pht

g : Gia tc trng trng g= 9,81 m/s2

2. Trng lng ca thng

( Dn2 Dt2 )
( Dnt2 Dtt2 )
Lt g
Qt =
Lt g +
4
4
Trong vt liu lm thng l thp CT5 c khi lng ring l 7850 (kg/ m 3 )
Dn: ng knh ngoi ca thng
Dn = Dtt + 2(b1 + b2 + b3) = 2 + 2( 0,014 + 0,003 + 0,001 ) = 2,036 m
Dt: ng knh ngoi lp cch nhit ca thng
Dt = Dtt + 2( b1 + b2) = 2 + 2( 0,014 + 0,003 ) = 2,034 m
Dnt: ng knh trong lp cch nhit ca thng
Dnt= Dtt+2.b1 = 2 +2.0,014 = 2,028 (m)
Dtt: ng knh trong ca thng :Dtt = 2 m

= (D 2n Dt2 + D 2nt D tt2 ) . Lth. .g


4

= (2,0362 2,0342 + 2,0282 22). .12.7850.9,81 = 87765,19 (N)


4

3. Trng lng ca vnh ai


ng knh ca vnh ai chn s b

Dv = (1,1 1,2) Dn = 2,239 2,443 m


Chn Dv= 2,2 m

44

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Trng lng ca vnh ai

.( Dv2 Dn2 )
Qv =
.bv . p.g
4
(Hng dn thit k my ha T1-251)
bv: B rng ca vnh ai bv=0,18 m
=> Qv =

.(2,2 2 2,036 2 )
. 0,18.7850.9,81 = 7563,12 (N)
4

4. Trng lng ca bnh rng vng


Tnh trng lng ca tit din vnh khn
Qbr =

( Da22- Dng2 )bw2..g ( N )


4

Trong : Da2 : ng knh nh ca bnh rng ln, Da2 = 2250 mm


Dng : ng knh ngoi ca thng sy, Dng = 2036 mm
Vt liu lm bnh rng l thp CT5 c = 7850 kg/m3
bw2: b rng bnh rng ln, bw2 = 0,275m
Thay s vo ta c:
Qbr =

( 2,252 2,0362 ) 0,275.7850.9,81 = 15255,53 ( N )

5. Trng lng ca lp cch nhit


Chn vt liu cch nhit l bng thy tinh c = 200 kg/ m 3
Qbo=

.( Dt Dn2 t )
. Lt . bo .g
4

= 0,785.(2,0342 2,0282 ) .12.200.9,81= 450,44 ( N )

6. Trng lng ca cnh mc nng


Qc = 1/2Qv = 7563,12/2 = 3781,56 ( N )
Chn Qc = 4000 N
Vy tng trng lng ca thng l
Q= Qvl + Qth+ Qv+ Qr+ Qc + Qbo
= 40150,695+87765,19+7563,12+15255,53+4000+450,44 =155184,975 (N)

45

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

III. Kim tra bn cho thng quay


1. Khong cch gia hai vnh ai
ld= 0,586.Lth=0,586.12 = 7,032 (m) = 703,2 (cm)
+ Ti trng 1 n v chiu di thng khng k n khi lng bnh rng vng
q=

Q Qr 155184,975 7563,12
=
= 123,02 ( N/cm )
Lt
1200

2.Mmen un do ti trng gy ra

q.l.2d 123,02.703,2 2
M1=
=
= 7604024 (N.cm)
8
8
3.Mmen un do bnh rng vng gy ra
M2=

Qr .l d 7563,12.703,2
=
= 1329596,5 ( N.cm)
4
4

4.Tng mmen un
Mu = M1+ M2 = 7207813 + 1329596,5 = 8933620,5 (N.cm)

5.Mmen chng un ca thng

.D 2
.2 2
W=
.0,014 =0,04399823 (m 3 ) = 43982,29 (cm 3 )
. S=
4
4
S chiu dy thng sy =14 mm
ng sut thn thng

=
Ta c

M u 8933620,5
=
= 203,12 (N/cm 2 )
W
43982,29

< [ ]CT5 = 6.10 4 (N/cm 2 )

Vy vi chiu dy thng l S = 0,014 m th thng bn

IV.Tnh vnh ai
1. Ti trng trn mt vnh ai
Q/ =

Q
155184 ,975
=
= 77698,97 N
2 cos
2. cos 3o

Q: Ti trng ca thng
: Gc nghing ca thng =3 o

46

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

2.Phn lc con ln

Q/
T=
3

(Hng dn thit k my ha T1)

77698,97
= 44859,52 N
3

T=

3.B rng vnh ai

Pr

Pr : Ti trng ring tnh cho mt n v chiu di vi thng quay chm


Pr=24000 N/cm

44859,52
= 1,78 cm =>chn B= 180 mm
24000

Chn ng knh vnh ai Dv =220 cm (Dv=1,1Dt 1,2Dt) th b rng con ln


phi: B > 130 mm
Chn b rng vnh ai B= 180 mm =18cm
Vi thng nng th b dy vnh ai l

h=

180
=
= 69,23 (mm)
2,6 2,6

Chn h = 7cm => ng knh ngoi ca vnh ai =220+ 7 = 227 cm\


* Kim tra
Mmen un : Mu = 2T.R.A = T.Dv.A (N.cm)
A: H s ph thuc cnh lp
A = 0,08 0,09
Chn A=0,09
Mu = 44859,52.2200.0,09 = 8882184,96 (N/cm)

Vnh ai c cu to t thp c c ng sut cho php :


Mmen chng un l :

M u 8882184,96
=
= 569,37 ( cm 3 )
[ ]
15600
47

[ ] = 15600 N/ cm 2

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Mt khc

.h 2
W =
6

( T-85 Hng dn thit k my ha T1)

6W
=
B

6.569,37
= 13,78 cm = 137,8 (mm)
18

Vy h = 7 cm , vnh ai bn
Chn vnh ai c tit din : B h = 180mm 70 mm

V. Tnh con ln chn, con ln


1.Tnh con ln
B rng con ln c tnh theo cng thc
Bc = 180+ 60 = 240(mm) = 24 (cm)
(T 250 - Hng dn thit k my ha T1)
Chn s b ng knh con ln theo cng thc
dc

T
(300 400 ) Bc

(T 250 - Hng dn thit k my ha T1)

dc

44859,52
= 6,23 (cm)
300.24

Kim tra ng knh theo tiu chun

0,25D d c 0,33D (T 250 - Hng dn thit k my ha T1)


D: ng knh ngoi ca vnh ai D = 2,2 m=220cm
0,25.220 dc 0,33.220
55 dc 72,6
Vy chn ng knh con ln dc = 60 (cm)
+ Lc tc dng ln 1 n v chiu di tip xc

P=

T 44859,52
=
= 2492,19 N/cm
B
18

+ ng sut tip xc tnh theo cng thc

max = 0.418. P.E.

R+r
(N/cm 2 )
Rr

48

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

R: Bn knh ngoi ca vnh ai R =


r: Bn knh trong con ln r =

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

220
= 110 cm
2

60
= 30 cm
2

E:Mmen n hi ca vt liu E = 1,75.10 7 (N/cm 2 )

max = 0.418. 2492,19.1,75.107

110 + 30
= 17980,13 (N/cm 2 )
110.30

ng sut tip xc cho php ca CT5 l [ ] CT 5 = 6.104 ( N/cm 2 )

max = 17980,13 < [ ] CT 5 = 60000 (N/cm 2 )


Vy m bo iu kin bn

2. Tnh con ln chn


Lc tc dng ln nht ln con ln chn:
Pmax = Q (sin + f) (N)
(T 249 - Hng dn thit k my ha T1)
f : h s ma st gia vnh ai v con ln chn f=0,1
Q: Trng lng ca ton b thng
: Gc nghing
Pmax = 155184,975(sin3 o + 0,1) = 23640,25 (N)

Thng quay nng nn ta dng con ln chn mt nn c cc thng s:


Chn chiu di tip xc: l = 36 cm
Na gc nh nn: sin = r/R ( trc con ln giao nhau vi trc thng )
R: Bn knh ngoi ca vnh ai, R = 110 cm
r: Bn knh trong con ln chn, r = 36/2 = 18cm
Nn sin = 18/110 = 0,16
Vy na gc nh nn l 9,42o.Ly gc = 10o
ng knh con ln chn :
dcc= D. sin = 2 sin 10 0 = 0,3473 m = 34,73 cm.Ly dcc = 35 cm
Lc tc dng ln mt n v chiu di tip xc :
Chn chiu di tip xc l l=36 cm

49

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni


Vy P =

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Pmax 23640,25
=
= 656,67 (/cm)
l
36

ng sut khi vnh ai tip xc vi con ln:

max = 0.418.

P.E
R

(T 285 - Hng dn thit k my ha T1)

R : Bn knh con ln chn


R=

35
= 17,5 cm
2

E: Momen n hi ca vt liu, E= 1,75.10 7 (N/cm 2 )


P: lc tc dng ln mt n v chiu di tip xc

max

656,67.1,75.107
= 0.418.
= 10711,49 (N/cm 2 )
17,5

m bo iu kin bn v max < [ ] CT 5 = 60000 (N/cm 2 )

PHN IV : CC THIT B PH
I .Tnh ton l t
- Lng than cn t : 126,22 Kg/h
- Nhit chy cao ca than : 30894,36( Kj/Kg than )
- Nhit chy thp ca than : 29905,86( Kj/Kg than )
- Lng khng kh thi vo l t : 14758,51 ( m3/h ) = 4,099 ( m3/s )

1.Th tch bung t

Qthlv .n
V=
( m3)
qv

( T-109, L cng nghip)

q v :Cng nhit th tch ca bung t ph thuc vo tng loi l t


Theo bng II-L cng nghip ta ly q v =460.10 3 (kcal/m 3 h)

V=

29905,86.126,22
= 3,47 ( m 3 )
3
460.10 .4,1868

50

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

2.Din tch ghi l


F=

0,28.Qt .n
r

( T-103, L cng nghip)

r=550.10 3 (W/m 2 )
Vy din tch ghi l l :

F=

0,28.29905,86.126,22
= 1,92 ( m 2 )
3
550.10

Chn F=2,65m3
Chn loi ghi l c kch thc mt tm ghi (340 45) mm kch thc tng ng
ca l thng gi (3 5) mm
Vy s tm ghi l:

F
1,92
=
=125 ,49 tm.
0,34 .0,045
0,34 .0,045

Ly = 126 tm

II .Qut thi vo my sy
Lng khng kh a vo my sy 240 0 C
V240= 4,099 ( m 3 /s)
Cng sut ng c qut c xc nh theo cng thc:

N=

Q.H
102 ..3600

Trong :
Q: Nng sut qut Q=14758,51

( m 3 /h)

:Hiu sut thy lc =0,65

H: Tng tr lc cn khc phc ( mm H 2 O)


H = i = 1 +

n
1 =m.

150.S

2 + 3
2

( T-107, L cng nghip)

Ta c:
S:Din tch ghi l F = 1,92( m 2 )

51

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

n: Lng than t
m:H s ph thuc vo hm lng tro than v loi ghi l
theo T-106, L cng nghip chn m=40
2

126,22
1 =40.
= 7,683 ( mm H 2 O)
150.1,92

2 : Tr lc ca lp than.Chn tr lc ca lp than v tr lc ca ghi l l 120


mm H 2 O ( T-107, L cng nghip)
2
.l
.
3 =
+ + 1.
d

2g

( mm H 2 O)

: H s ma st ph thuc vo chun s Re

l: Tng chiu di ca ng ng :10 m


d: ng knh trong ca ng
: H s tr lc cc b( c 1 van chn) = 0.32

: Khi lng ring ca khng kh 25

C = 1,185 Kg/m 3

: Vn tc kh i trong ng
Chn vn tc kh i trong ng l 25 m/s

d=

Q
14758,51
=
= 0,457 m
3600.0,785.
0,785.25.3600

+ Xc nh
Ta c chun s Reynol
Re =

.d .

(T-197, QTTBT1)

D:ng knh trong ca ng

: nht ng lc ca kh 25

Tra bng I.255,T-318, STT1) ta c

=18,4.10
=1,185
Re=

( Ns/m 2 )
Kg/m 3

25.0,457.1,185
= 735749,84 >10 4
18,4.10 6

52

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Vy ch chy xoy

1
1
=
= 0,012 ( T-378,STT1)
2
(1,8 lg Re 1,64) 1,8 lg 735749,84 1,64 2

Ta thit k h thng ng ng t qut n bung t c chiu di l 2m trn h


thng c t mt van chn tiu chun = 0,32

0,012.12
25 2.1,185
+ 0,32 + 1.
= 62,28 ( mm H 2 O)
0,457
2.9,81

3 =
Vy ta c ;

H = i = 1

2 + 3 = 7,683 + 120+ 62,28 =189,963 (mm H2O)

Cng sut ng c qut trc my sy l:

N=

14758,51.189,963
= 11,746 (KW)
102.0,65.3600

Kt Lun
Qua thi gian thc thc hin n ny di s gip tn tnh ca thy
gio ..............................cng nh cc thy c trong khoa.Em hon thnh n
vi ni dung tnh ton v thit k h thng sy thng quay lm vic vi nng sut
13000 kg/h.Cc s liu c tra cu nhiu ti liu khc nhau v d nh cc sch
tp 1,2,3 qu trnh thit b ,s tay tp 1 v tp 2, h dn ng c kh tp1 nn
cng thc tra cu ng theo quy nh, m bo vic tnh ton l chnh xc v hp
l.
Tuy nhin do ln u tin lm quen vi kiu tnh ton v thit k nh th ny
nn khng th trnh c sai st. Em rt mong c thy hng dn v cc thy
trong b mn chm chc cho nhng li m em gp phi. Vic lm n mn hc
ny thc s em li cho em hiu qu cho em ni ring v cho sinh vin trong
ngnh ni chung .Qua sinh vin c nng cao k nng tnh ton cng nh nhn
nhn vn thit k 1 cch h thng. c bit gip cho sinh vin bit cch s dng,

53

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

tra cu ti liu. C th ni y l mt s chun b tt cho vic lm n sp ti.


Tuy nhin do hn ch v thi cng nh trnh nn bn thuyt minh ca em cn
nhiu thiu st. Em rt mong c s gip ca thy c v cc bn.
Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio Nguyn Th Hu v mt s
thy c khc trong khoa gip ch bo tn tnh cho em trong thi gian qua.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!

Ti liu tham kho


1. S tay ho cng tp 1 NXBKHKT
2. S tay ha cng tp 2 NXBKHKT
3. Tnh ton qu trnh thit b tp 1,2.3.4
4.Cc my gia cng vt liu do - H L Vin
5.Hng dn thit k h thng my sy - Trn Vn Ph HBKHN
7.L cng nghip
8. Tnh ton h dn ng c kh T1 - Trnh Cht,L Uyn
9. Hng dn tnh ton v tht k thit b my ho cht
v mt s ti liu trn mng

54

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

Nhn xt ca trng khoa:

55

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni

56

Khoa: Cng ngh ho hc

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