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2011
1
Microelectronics
Circuit Analysis and Design
Donald A. Neamen
Chapter 7
Frequency Response
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-1
McGraw-Hill
In this chapter, we will:
Discuss the general frequency response
characteristics of amplifiers.
Derive the system transfer functions Derive the system transfer functions
Develop the Bode diagrams of the magnitude
and phase of the transfer functions.
Analyze the frequency response of transistor
circuits with capacitors.
Determine the Miller effect and Miller
capacitance
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-2
McGraw-Hill
capacitance.
Determine the high-frequency response of basic
transistor circuit configurations.
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2
Amplifier Gain Versus Frequency
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-3
McGraw-Hill
Transfer Functions of
the Complex Frequency
Name of Function Expression p
Voltage Transfer Function T(s) = V
o
(s)/V
i
(s)
Current Transfer Function I
o
(s)/I
i
(s)
Transresistance Function V (s)/I (s)
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-4
McGraw-Hill
Transresistance Function V
o
(s)/I
i
(s)
Transconductance Function I
o
(s)/V
i
(s)
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Series Coupling Capacitor Circuit
S P S
C R R
s
s
K s T
) (
)
1
( ) (
2
+ =
+
=
t
t
t
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-5
McGraw-Hill
Parallel Load Capacitor Circuit
P P S
C R R
s
K s T
) (
)
1
1
( ) (
1
=
+
=
t
t
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-6
McGraw-Hill
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4
Bode Plot of Voltage Transfer Function
Magnitude:
Series Coupling Capacitor Circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-7
McGraw-Hill
Relationship Between Rectangular
and Polar Coordinates
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-8
McGraw-Hill
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Bode Plot of Voltage Transfer Function
Phase:
Series Coupling Capacitor Circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-9
McGraw-Hill
Bode Plot of Voltage Transfer Function
Magnitude:
Parallel Load Capacitor Circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-10
McGraw-Hill
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6
Bode Plot of Voltage Transfer Function
Phase:
Parallel Load Capacitor Circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-11
McGraw-Hill
Circuit with Series Coupling and
Parallel Load Capacitor
S
L
P P S P
S P S S
f
C R R
C R R
tt
t
t
1
2
1
) (
) (
=
=
+ =
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-12
McGraw-Hill
P
H
f
tt 2
1
=
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Bode Plot of Magnitude of Voltage
Transfer Function:
Series Coupling and Parallel Load Capacitor
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-13
McGraw-Hill
Steady-State Output Response
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-14
McGraw-Hill
Coupling Capacitor Load Capacitor
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Common Emitter with Coupling
Capacitor
L
C R R
f
) ( 2
1
+
=
t
C i Si
C R R ) ( 2 + t
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-15
McGraw-Hill
Common Source with Output
Coupling Capacitor
f
1
C C D
L
C R R
f
) ( 2 +
=
t
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-16
McGraw-Hill
25.04.2011
9
Emitter Follower with Output
Coupling Capacitor
) ( 2
1
L
C R R
f =
2
) ( 2
C L o
L
C R R
f
+ t
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-17
McGraw-Hill
Problem-Solving Technique:
Bode Plot of Gain Magnitude
1 Determine whether capacitor is producing a 1. Determine whether capacitor is producing a
low-pass or high-pass circuit.
a. Sketch general shape of Bode plot
2. Corner frequency is f = 1/(2tt) where t = R
eq
C
a. R
eq
is resistance seen by capacitor
3. Maximum gain magnitude is midband gain.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-18
McGraw-Hill
a. Coupling and bypass capacitors act as
shorts
b. Load capacitors act as opens
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Common Source with Load Capacitor
L L o
H
C R R
f
) ( 2
1
t
=
L L o
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-19
McGraw-Hill
Coupling and Parallel Load Capacitors
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-20
McGraw-Hill
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Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit:
Coupling and Parallel Load Capacitor
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-21
McGraw-Hill
C i S
L
C R R R R
f
)] ( [ 2
1
2 1
+
=
t
P L C
H
C R R
f
) ( 2
1
t
=
Emitter Bypass Capacitor
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-22
McGraw-Hill
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Bode Plot of Voltage Gain Magnitude:
Emitter Bypass Capacitor
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-23
McGraw-Hill
t
t
e
t
t
e
|
r R
R r g
A
R r R
R r g
A
S
C m
v
E S
C m
v
+
=
= + +
=

) 1 (
0
Two Coupling Capacitors and a
Emitter Bypass Capacitor
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-24
McGraw-Hill
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PSpice Results for Two Coupling
Capacitors and a Emitter Bypass
Capacitor
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-25
McGraw-Hill
Expanded Hybrid t Equivalent Circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-26
McGraw-Hill
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Short-Circuit Current Gain:
Analysis of Frequency Response of BJT
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-27
McGraw-Hill
Bode Plot:
Short-Circuit Current Gain
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-28
McGraw-Hill
|
t t
|
|
t
f f
C C r
f
o T
=
+
=
) ( 2
1
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2-Port Equivalent Circuit of C: BJT
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-29
McGraw-Hill
Thevenin Equivalent Norton Equivalent
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit with
Miller Capacitance: BJT
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-30
McGraw-Hill
)] ( 1 [
L C m M
R R g C C + =

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Inherent Resistances and
Capacitances in n-Channel MOSFET
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-31
McGraw-Hill
ox gd gs
WLC C C
2
1
~ ~
Equivalent Circuit for n-Channel
Common Source MOSFET
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-32
McGraw-Hill
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Unity-Gain Bandwidth
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-33
McGraw-Hill
) ( 2
gd gs
m
T
C C
g
f
+
=
t
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit with
Miller Capacitance: MOSFET
] 1 [
L m gd M
R g C C + =
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-34
McGraw-Hill
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Common-Emitter Amplifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-35
McGraw-Hill
High-Frequency Equivalent Circuit:
Common Emitter
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-36
McGraw-Hill
) ]( [ 2
1
t t
t C C R R r
f
S B
H
+
=
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PSpice Results for Common Emitter
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-37
McGraw-Hill
Common-Base Amplifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-38
McGraw-Hill
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High-Frequency Equivalent Circuit:
Common Base
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-39
McGraw-Hill
t
t
t
|
t C R R
r
f
S B
H
]
1
[ 2
1
+
=

t C R R
f
L C
H
) ( 2
1
=
PSpice Results for Common Emitter
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-40
McGraw-Hill
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Cascode
Circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-41
McGraw-Hill
High-Frequency Equivalent Circuit:
Cascode
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-42
McGraw-Hill
) ]( [ 2
1
1 1 1 1 M B S
H
C C r R R
f
+
=
t t
t
t
2
) ( 2
1

t C R R
f
L C
H
=
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PSpice Results for Cascode
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-43
McGraw-Hill
Emitter-Follower Circuit
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-44
McGraw-Hill
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High-Frequency Equivalent Circuit:
Emitter Follower
1
H
f ~
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-45
McGraw-Hill
)
1
]( ) 1 ( [ 2
'
'
L m
L m B S
H
R g
C
C r R g R R
f
+
+ +
~
t
t
t
PSpice Results for Emitter Follower
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 7-46
McGraw-Hill