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Concepts of solidification Nucleation Homogeneous and heterogeneous Inoculation Cast structure Continuous casting process Glass manufacture by float glass (Pilkington) Slip casting of ceramics Composites casting
Solidification process of transformation of a liquid to a solid The basis of casting technology and other process including welding, surface alloying, crystal growth, ingot production, materials purification and refining In solidification, a solid phase is nucleated and grows with a crystalline structure. If solid crystalline phase is not nucleated, a glassy structures are formed.
Table 8.1 Major Types of Phase Transformations Type of Transformation 1. Vapor liquid 2. Vapor solid 3. Liquid crystal 4. Crystal 1 crystal 2 (a) Precipitation (b) Allotropic (c) Recrystallization Formulation of Fe3C on cooling austenite -Fe -Fe at 910 C Cold-worked Cu new grains at high temperatures Example Condensation of moisture Formation of frost on a window Formation of ice on a lake
Cooling Rate >104 -107 oC/s Rapidly cool or quench to produce amorphous or glassy structure (metallic glass) By processes such as: Atomization, melt spinning, rollerquenching or plasma spray or laser or electron beam surface treatment melt solidifies without any chem changes. Crystalline or amorphous (improved mech. properties) Microsegregation-free structures Using powder metallurgy to process the materials.
Introduce an inoculating agent Also refer as grain refinement process Introducing smaller particle (1-5 micron) into solid solution. Increase the degree of nucleation in the solid solution and grain growth via heterogeneous nucleation