COMPUTERS AND STRUCTURES, INC.

, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA DECEMBER 2001

STEEL FRAME DESIGN UBC-ASD

Technical Note General and Notation

Introduction to the UBC-ASD97 Series of Technical Notes

The UBC-ASD97 design code in this program implements the International Conference of Building Officials' 1997 Uniform Building Code: Volume 2: Structural Engineering Design Provisions, Chapter 22, Division III, "Design Standard for Specification for Structural Steel BuildingsAllowable Stress Design and Plastic Design." The design is based on user-specified loading combinations. To facilitate use, the program provides a set of default load combinations that should satisfy requirements for the design of most building type structures. See Technical Note Design Load Combinations Steel Frame Design UCB-ASD for more information. In the evaluation of the axial force/biaxial moment capacity ratios at a station along the length of the member, first the actual member force/moment components and the corresponding capacities are calculated for each load combination. Then the capacity ratios are evaluated at each station under the influence of all load combinations using the corresponding equations that are defined in this series of Technical Notes. The controlling capacity ratio is then obtained. A capacity ratio greater than 1.0 indicates overstress. Similarly, a shear capacity ratio is also calculated separately. Algorithms for completing these calculations are described in Technical Notes Calculation of Stresses Steel Frame Design UBC-ASD, Calculation of Allowable Stresses Steel Frame Design UBC-ASD, and Calculation of Stress Ratios Steel Frame Design UBCASD. Further information is available from Technical Notes Classification of Sections Steel Frame Design UBC-ASD, Joint Design Steel Frame Design UBC-ASD, Continuity Plates Steel Frame Design UBC-ASD, and Doubler Plates Steel Frame Design UBC-ASD.

General and Notation

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General and Notation

Information about seismic requirements is provided in Technical Note Seismic Requirements Steel Frame Design UBC-ASD. The program uses preferences and overwrites, which are described in Technical Notes Preferences Steel Frame Design UBC-ASD and Overwrites Steel Frame Design UBC-ASD. It also provides input and output data summaries, which are described in Technical Notes Input Data Steel Frame Design UBCASD and Output Details Steel Frame Design UBC-ASD. English as well as SI and MKS metric units can be used for input. But the code is based on Kip-Inch-Second units. For simplicity, all equations and descriptions presented in this chapter correspond to Kip-Inch-Second units unless otherwise noted.

Notations
A Ae Af Ag Av2, Av3 Aw Cb Cm Cw D E Fa Fb Fb33, Fb22 = Cross-sectional area, in2 = Effective cross-sectional area for slender sections, in2 = Area of flange, in2 = Gross cross-sectional area, in2 = Major and minor shear areas, in2 = Web shear area, dtw, in2 = Bending Coefficient = Moment Coefficient = Warping constant, in6 = Outside diameter of pipes, in = Modulus of elasticity, ksi = Allowable axial stress, ksi = Allowable bending stress, ksi = Allowable major and minor bending stresses, ksi

Notations

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General and Notation

Fcr
' Fe 33

= Critical compressive stress, ksi = 12 2 E 23(K 33 l 33 / r33 )2 12 2 E 23(K 22 l 22 / r22 )2

' Fe 22

Fv Fy K K33, K22 M33, M22 Mob P Pe Q Qa Qs S S33, S22 Seff,33,Seff,22

= Allowable shear stress, ksi = Yield stress of material, ksi = Effective length factor = Effective length K-factors in the major and minor directions = Major and minor bending moments in member, kip-in = Lateral-torsional moment for angle sections, kin-in = Axial force in member, kips = Euler buckling load, kips = Reduction factor for slender section, = QaQs = Reduction factor for stiffened slender elements = Reduction factor for unstiffened slender elements = Section modulus, in3 = Major and minor section moduli, in3 = Effective major and minor section moduli for slender sections, in3 = Section modulus for compression in an angle section, in3 = Shear forces in major and minor directions, kips = Nominal dimension of plate in a section, in longer leg of angle sections,

Sc V2, V3 b

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General and Notation

bf 2tw for welded and bf 3tw for rolled box sections, etc. be bf d fa fb fb33, fb22 fv fv2, fv3 h = Effective width of flange, in = Flange width, in = Overall depth of member, in = Axial stress, either in compression or in tension, ksi = Normal stress in bending, ksi = Normal stress in major and minor direction bending, ksi = Shear stress, ksi = Shear stress in major and minor direction bending, ksi = Clear distance between flanges for I shaped sections (d 2tf), in = Effective distance between flanges, less fillets, in = Distance from outer face of flange to web toes of fillet, in = Parameter used for classification of sections, 4.05 if h t w > 70, [h t w ]0.46 1 if h t w 70 = Major and minor direction unbraced member length, in = Critical length, in = Radius of gyration, in = Radii of gyration in the major and minor directions, in = Minimum radius of gyration for angles, in = Thickness of a plate in I, box, channel, angle, and T sections, in

he k kc

l33, l22 lc r r33, r22 rz t

Notations

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General and Notation

tf tw

= Flange thickness, in = Web thickness, in = Special section property for angles, in

Notations

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