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S BAI TON GII THEO PHONG PHP ION VA H

PHONG TRNH C S MOL, KHI LNG KHNG NG
NHT

Bi 1: Ho tan 8,5 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip
ca bng h thng tun hon vo nc c 1000ml dung dch C v 3,36 lt kh (o ktc).
a) Xc nh A, B v nng mol/lt ca cc ion c trong dung dch C.
b) Ly 500ml dung dch C cho tc dng vi 250ml dung dch cha hn hp H
2
SO
4
0,1M v
HCl nng x (mol/l). Tnh x (Bit dung dch thu c sau phn ng c pH = 7).
Bi 2: Hn hp A gm Al, Fe v Mg. Cho 15,5 gam hn hp A vo 1 lt dung dch HNO
3

2M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B v 8,96 lt NO duy nht ( ktc).
Mt khc cho 0,05 mol A vo 500ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,5M thu c dung dch C.
Cho dung dch C tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta. Ly kt ta em
nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 2 gam cht rn.
a) Tnh thnh phn % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A.
b) Tnh th tch dung dch cha ng thi Ba(OH)
2
0,2M v NaOH 0,1M cn cho vo
dung dch B thu c lng kt ta l ln nht? l b nht?
c) Tnh nng ca cc ion trong dung dch C (Coi th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k).
Bi 3: Cho 200ml dung dch gm (MgCl
2
0,3M, AlCl
3
0,45M, HCl 0,55M) tc dng hon
ton vi V lt dung dch C gm(NaOH 0,02M v Ba(OH)
2
0,01M).
Hy tnh V thu c lng kt ta ln nht v lng kt ta nh nht. Tnh khi
lng kt ta trong tng trng hp (Gi s khi Mg(OH)
2
kt ta ht th Al(OH)
3
tan
trong kim khng ng k).
Bi 4: Ho tan hon ton 20 gam mt hn hp A gm MgO, CuO v Fe
2
O
3
phi dng va
ht 350ml dung dch HCl 2M.
Mt khc nu ly 0,4 mol hn hp A t nng trong ng s (khng c khng kh) ri
thi mt lung H
2
d i qua phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c m gam cht rn v
7,2 gam nc.
a) Tnh % theo khi lng cc cht trong A.
b) Tnh m.
c) Nu dng dung dch B cha ng thi H
2
SO
4
0,3M v HCl 0,8M th cn dng bao
nhiu ml dung dch B ho tan va ht 20 gam hn hp A.


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Bi 5: Dung dch A c V = 500ml cha cc ion (Ba
2+
, Na
+
, Cl
-
, NO
3
-
), chia A lm 3 phn
bng nhau:
Phn 1: Thm Na
2
SO
4
d thu c 4,66 gam kt ta.
Phn 2: Thm AgNO
3
d thu c 5,74 gam kt ta.
Phn 3: em c cn thu c 6,71 gam mui.
Tnh C
M
ca cc ion trong dung dch A?
Bi 6: Ho tan a gam hn hp Na
2
CO
3
v K
2
CO
3
vo H
2
O c 55,4ml dung dch A (d =
1,0822 g/ml). Cho t t dung dch HCl 0,1M n khi thot ra 1,1 gam kh th dng li, c
dung dch B. Cho B tc dng vi nc vi trong, d thu c 1,5 gam kt ta.
a) Tnh a.
b) Tnh nng phn trm mi mui trong A.
c) Tnh th tch HCl 0,1M dng.
Bi 7: Mt dung dch X c cha cc ion Ca
2+
, Al
3+
, Cl
-
. lm kt ta ht ion Cl
-
trong
10ml dung dch phi dng ht 70ml dung dch AgNO
3
1M. Mt khc khi c cn 100ml
dung dch X thu c 35,55 gam hn hp 2 mui khan. Tnh nng mol/l mi mui
trong dung dch X.
Bi 8: Cho mt dung dch X c cha ion Zn
2+
, Fe
3+
, SO
4
2-
.
a) Cn pha trn cc mui ZnSO
4
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
theo t l mol nh th no s mol Zn
2+
,
Fe
3+
trong dung dch X bng nhau.
b) Ly 100ml dung dch X. Thm vo 350ml dung dch NaOH 2M th to kt ta ht
ion Zn
2+
, Fe
3+
. Nu thm tip 200ml dung dch NaOH 2M th 1 kt ta tan ht, cn li
1 kt ta mu nu . Tnh C
M
ca mi mui trong dung dch ban u.
Bi 9: Mt kim loi M tc dng vi HNO
3
long thu c M(NO
3
)
3
, H
2
O v hn hp kh X
gm 2 kh khng mu, khng ho nu trong khng kh. Khi ho tan hon ton 2,16 gam
M trong 0,5 lt dung dch HNO
3
0,6M thu c 604,8ml hn hp kh X (ktc) c t khi
i vi H
2
l 18,45 v dung dch D.
Mt khc ho tan hon ton 8,638 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin
tip vo 0,4 lt dung dch HCl cha bit nng thu c 3427,2ml H
2
(ktc) v dung
dch E. Trn dung dch D vi dung dch E thu c 2,34 gam kt ta.
a) Xc nh kim loi M v 2 kim loi kim.
b) Xc nh nng mol/l ca dung dch HCl.

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Bi 10: C 1 lt dung dch hn hp Na
2
CO
3
0,1 mol/l v (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
0,25 mol/l. Cho 43 gam
hn hp bari clorua v canxi clorua vo dung dch . Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu
c 39,7 gam kt ta A v dung dch B.
a) Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong A.
b) Chia dung dch B thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
c) Cho axit HCl d vo mt phn, sau c cn dung dch v nung cht rn cn li ti
khi lng khng i c cht rn X. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong X.
d) un nng phn th hai ri thm t t 270ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2M vo. Hi tng khi
lng ca 2 dung dch gim ti a bao nhiu gam? (Gi s nc bay hi khng ng k)
Bi 11: a) t 2 cc A, B c khi lng bng nhau ln 2 a cn: cn thng bng. Cho 10,6
gam Na
2
CO
3
vo cc A v 11,82 gam BaCO
3
vo cc B sau thm 12 gam dung dch
H
2
SO
4
98% vo cc A, cn mt thng bng. Nu thm t t dung dch HCl 14,6% vo cc
B cho ti khi cn tr li thng bng th tn ht bao nhiu gam dung dch HCl? (Gi s
H
2
O v axit bay hi khng ng k).
b) Sau khi cn thng bng, ly 1/2 lng cc cht trong cc B cho vo cc A: cn mt
thng bng:
- Hi phi thm vo bao nhiu gam nc vo cc B cn tr li thng bng?
- Nu khng dng nc m dng dung dch HCl 14,6% th phi thm bao nhiu gam
dung dch axit?
Bi 12: Ho tan a gam hn hp Na
2
CO
3
v KHCO
3
vo nc c 400ml dung dch A.
Cho t t 100ml dung dch HCl 1,5M vo dung dch A, thu c dung dch B v 1,008 lt
kh (ktc). Cho B tc dng vi Ba(OH)
2
d thu c 29,55 gam kt ta.
a) Tnh a.
b) Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch A (B qua s cho nhn proton ca cc
ion HCO
3
-
v CO
3
2-
).
c) Nu ngi ta dung dch A vo bnh ng 100ml dung dch HCl 1,5M. Tnh th tch
kh CO
2
(ktc) c to ra.
Bi 13: Dung dch A cha cc ion Na
+
, NH
4
+
, SO
4
2-
, CO
3
2-
.
a) Dung dch c iu ch t 2 mui trung ho no?
b) Chia dung dch A thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn th nht cho tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d, un nng, ta thu c 4,3 gam
kt ta X v 470,4ml kh Y 13,5
o
C v 1atm.
- Phn th hai cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 235,2 ml kh 13,5
o
C v 1atm.
Tnh tng khi lng cc mui trong 1/2 dung dch A.
c) Ly kh Y cho vo bnh chu p sut c dung tch khng i 0,1 lt v nung nng bnh
ti 819
o
C th p sut trong bnh l 26,88 atm. Tnh % th tch cc kh trong bnh lc
(Gi s p sut thc t v l thuyt nh nhau).

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Bi 14: A l dung dch H
2
SO
4
, B l dung dch NaOH. Trn 0,3 lt B vi 0,2 lt A ta c 0,5
lt dung dch C. Ly 20ml dung dch C, thm mt t qu tm vo thy c mu xanh. Sau
thm t t dung dch HCl 0,05M ti khi qu i thnh mu tm thy ht 40ml axit.
Trn 0,2 lt B vi 0,3 lt A ta c 0,5 lt dung dch D. Ly 20ml dung dch D, thm
mt t qu tm vo thy c mu . Sau thm t t dung dch NaOH 0,1M ti khi qu
i thnh mu tm thy ht 80ml xt.
a) Tnh nng mol ca cc dung dch A v B.
b) Trn V
B
lt NaOH vo V
A
lt H
2
SO
4
trn ta thu c dung dch E. Ly V ml dung
dch E cho tc dng vi 100ml dung dch BaCl
2
0,15M c kt ta F. Mt khc ly V
ml dung dch E cho tc dng vi 100ml dung dch AlCl
3
1M c kt ta G. Nung F
hoc G nhit cao n khi lng khng i th u thu c 3,262 gam cht rn.
Tnh t l V
B
: V
A
?
Bi 15: Ho tan 2,84 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v B k tip nhau
trong phn nhm chnh nhm II bng 120ml dung dch HCl 0,5M thu c 0,896 lt kh
CO
2
(o 54,6
o
C v 0,9 atm) v dung dch X.
a) Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca A v B.
b) Tnh khi lng mui to thnh trong dung dch X.
c) Tnh % khi lng ca mi mui trong hn hp ban u.
d) Nu cho ton b kh CO
2
hp th bi 200ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
th nng ca
Ba(OH)
2
l bao nhiu thu c 3,94 gam kt ta?
e) Pha long dung dch X thnh 200ml, sau cho thm 200ml dung dch Na
2
SO
4
0,1M.
Bit rng khi lng kt ta BSO
4
khng tng thm na th tch s nng ca cc ion
B
2+
v SO
4
2-
trong dung dch bng: [B
2+
].[SO
4
2-
] = 2,5.10
-5
. Hy tnh lng kt ta thc
t c to ra.
Bi 16: Nung nng m gam hn hp A gm CuCO
3
v MCO
3
mt thi gian ta thu c m
1

gam cht rn A
1
v V lt CO
2
bay ra ( ktc).
Cho V lt CO
2
ny hp th hon ton vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol NaOH, sau cho
thm CaCl
2
d vo thy to thnh 15 gam kt ta. Mt khc em ho tan A
1
bng dung
dch HCl d thu c dung dch B v 1,568 lt CO
2
( ktc). Tin hnh in phn (vi
in cc tr) dung dch B ti khi catt bt u thot kh th dng li, thy ant thot ra
2,688 lt kh ( ktc), c cn dung dch sau in phn, ri ly mui khan em in phn
nng chy th thu c 4 gam kim loi catt.
a) Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca M.
b) Tnh khi lng m v m
1
.

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Bi 17: Ho tan 115,3 gam hn hp X gm MgCO
3
v RCO
3
bng 500ml dung dch H
2
SO
4

long ta thu c dung dch A, cht rn B v 4,48 lt CO
2
( ktc). C cn dung dch A th
thu c 12 gam mui khan. Mt khc em nung cht rn B ti khi lng khng i th
thu c 11,2 lt CO
2
( ktc) v cht rn B
1
.
a) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch H
2
SO
4
dng.
b) Tnh khi lng ca B v B
1
.
c) Tnh khi lng nguyn t R, bit trong hn hp u s mol ca RCO
3
gp 2,5 ln s
mol ca MgCO
3
.
Bi 18: Cho 27,4 gam bari kim loi vo 500 gam dung dch hn hp (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
1,32% v
CuSO
4
2% v un nng ui ht NH
3
.
Sau khi kt thc tt c cc phn ng ta thu c kh A, kt ta B v dung dch C.
a) Tnh th tnh kh A ( ktc).
b) Ly ht kt ta B ra sch v nung nhit cao ti khi lng khng i th thu c
bao nhiu gam cht rn?
c) Tnh nng % ca cht tan trong C.
Bi 19: Ho tan mt mu hp kim Ba - Na (vi t l s mol n
Ba
: n
Na
= 1 : 1) vo nc c
dung dch A v 6,72 lt kh ( ktc).
a) Cn dng bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 0,1M trung ho 1/10 dung dch A?
b) Cho 56 ml CO
2
( ktc) hp th ht 1/10 dung dch A. Tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh.
c) Thm m gam NaOH vo 1/10 dung dch A ta c dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc
dng vi 100ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,2M, c kt ta C. Tnh m cho lng kt
ta C l ln nht, b nht. Tnh khi lng kt ta ln nht, b nht.
Bi 20: Cho 3,87 gam hn hp A gm Mg v Al vo 250ml dung dch X cha axit HCl 1M
v H
2
SO
4
0,5M, c dung dch B v 4,368 lt H
2
(ktc).
a) Hy chng minh rng trong dung dch B vn cn d axit.
b) Tnh % khi lng kim loi trong hn hp A.
c) Tnh th tch dung dch C gm NaOH 0,02M v Ba(OH)
2
0,01M cn trung ho ht
lng axit d trong B.
d) Tnh th tch ti thiu ca dung dch C (vi nng trn) tc dng vi dung dch B
c lng kt ta nh nht. Tnh lng kt ta .
Bi 21: ho tan hon ton 50ml hn hp X gm HCl v H
2
SO
4
cn 20ml NaOH 0,3M.
C cn dung dch sau khi trung ho thu c 0,381 gam hn hp mui (kh).
a) Tnh nng mol ca mi axit trong hn hp X.
b) Tnh pH ca hn hp X, nu coi H
2
SO
4
phn ly hon ton thnh ion.
c) Tnh s gam ti a hn hp Cu - Mg cha 20% Mg c th ho tan hon ton trong
150ml dung dch X.

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Bi 22: C 600ml dung dch hn hp Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
. Thm 5,64 gam hn hp K
2
CO
3
v
KHCO
3
vo dung dch trn, th c dung dch A (gi s th tch dung dch A vn l 600ml).
Chia dung dch A thnh 3 phn bng nhau:
- Cho rt t t 100ml dung dch HCl vo phn th nht, thu c dung dch B v 448ml
kh (o ktc) bay ra. Thm nc vi trong (d) vo dung dch B thy to thnh 2,5
gam kt ta.
- Phn th hai tc dng va vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M.
- Cho kh HBr (d) i qua phn th ba, sau c cn th thu c 8,125 gam mui khan.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng di dng ion.
b) Tnh nng mol ca cc mui trong dung dch A v ca dung dch HCl dng.
Bi 23: Hn hp A gm M
2
CO
3
, MHCO
3
, MCl (M l kim loi kim).
Cho 43,71 gam A tc dng ht vi V ml (d) dung dch HCl 10,52% (d = 1,05 g/ml)
thu c dung dch B v 17,6 gam kh C. Chia B lm hai phn bng nhau.
- Phn 1: phn ng va vi 125 ml dung dch KOH 0,8M, c cn dung dch thu c
m gam mui khan.
- Phn 2: tc dng hon ton vi AgNO
3
, d thu c 68,88 gam kt ta trng.
a) Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca M.
b) Tnh % v khi lng cc cht trong A.
c) Tnh gi tr ca V v m.
d) Ly 10,93 gam hn hp A ri nung nh n khi khng cn kh thot ra. Cho kh thu
c qua 250ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,02M. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh trong
dung dch thu c.
Bi 24: Cho t t kh CO qua ng ng 3,2 gam CuO nung nng. Kh ra khi ng c hp
th hon ton vo nc vi trong d thy to thnh 1 gam kt ta. Cht rn cn li trong
ng s cho vo cc ng 500ml dung dch HNO
3
0,16M thu c V
1
lt kh NO v cn
mt phn kim loi cha tan ht. Thm tip vo cc 760ml dung dch HCl nng
3
2
mol/l, sau khi phn ng xong thu thm V
2
lt kh NO. Sau thm tip 12 gam Mg vo
cc. Sau khi phn ng xong thu c V
3
lt hn hp kh H
2
v N
2
, dung dch mui clorua
v hn hp M ca cc kim loi.
a) Tnh cc th tch V
1
, V
2
, V
3
. (Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, cc th tch kh o ktc).
b) Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp M.
Bi 25: Mt dung dch c cha 2 cation l Fe
2+
(0,1 mol) v Al
3+
(0,2 mol) v 2 anion l Cl
-

(x mol) v SO
4
2-
(y mol). Tnh x v y bit khi c cn dung dch th thu c 46,9 gam cht
rn khan.
(Trch TTS vo Trng HQG TPHCM nm 1999/2000)

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Bi 26: Ho tan 63,8 gam hn hp BaCl
2
v CaCl
2
vo 500ml gam H
2
O c dung dch A.
Thm 500ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
1,4M vo dung dch A. Sau phn ng thu c 59,4 gam
kt ta v dung dch B.
a) Tnh nng % ca mi mui trong dung dch A.
b) Thm vo dung dch B mt lng va dung dch HCl 0,5M (d = 1,05 g/ml) thu c
dung dch C. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M dng v nng % mi mui trong
dung dch C.
(Trch TTS vo Trng HDL Phng ng nm 1999/2000)
Cu 27: Cho 1,92 gam Cu vo 100ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO
3
0,16M v H
2
SO
4

0,4M thy sinh ra mt cht kh c t khi hi so vi H
2
l 15 v thu c dung dch A.
a) Vit phng trnh ion thu gn ca phn ng xy ra v tnh th tch kh sinh ra ( ktc).
b) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5M ti thiu cn dng kt ta ton b Cu
2+
trong
dung dch A.
(Trch TTS vo Trng HQG TPHCM nm 2000/2001)
Bi 28: Ho tan 5,37 gam hn hp gm 0,02 mol AlCl
3
v mt mui Halogenua ca kim
loi M ho tr 2 vo nc, thu c dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng va vi
200ml dung dch AgNO
3
thu c 14,35 gam kt ta. Lc ly dung dch, cho tc dng vi
NaOH d thu c kt ta B. Nung kt ta B n khi lng khng i c 1,6 gam
cht rn.
Mt khc, nhng mt thanh kim loi D ho tr 2 vo dung dch A. Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton khi lng thanh kim loi D tng 0,16 gam (Gi thit ton b thanh kim
loi M thot ra bm vo thanh kim loi D).
a) Cho bit cng thc c th ca mui Halogenua kim loi M.
b) D l kim loi g?
c) Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch AgNO
3
.
(Trch TTS vo Vin i hc m H Ni nm 2000/2001 )
Bi 29: Hy xc nh khi lng cc mui c trong dung dch A cha cc ion Na
+
, NH
4
+
,
SO
4
2-
, CO
3
2-
, bit khi cho A tc dng vi Ba(OH)
2
d v un nng thu c 0,34 gam kh
c th lm xanh giy qu m v 4,3 gam kt ta. Cn khi cho A tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
d th
thu c 0,224 lit kh (ktc).
(Trch TTS vo Hc vin K thut Qun s nm 2000/2001)
Cu 30: Trn dung dch A cha NaOH v dung dch B cha Ba(OH)
2
theo th tch bng
nhau c dung dch C. Trung ho 100ml dung dch C cn dng ht 35ml dung dch
H
2
SO
4
2M v thu c 9,32 gam kt ta. Tnh nng C
M
(mol/l) cc dung dch A v B.
(Trch TTS vo trng HBKHN nm 1998/1999)
Cu 31: Cho dung dch NaOH c pH=13 (dung dchA).
a) Cn pha long dung dch A bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch B c pH=12.
b) Cho 1,177 gam mui NH
4
Cl vo 200ml dung dch B v un si dung dch sau lm
ngui v thm mt t phenolphtalein vo. Hi dung dch c mu g?
(Trch TTS vo trng H Dc H Ni nm 1998/1999)