Mike Mehaffy and Jake Jacoby Bibliography Primary Sources: Hitler, Adolf. Hitler's communication with von Paulus.

Supreme Commander, January 24, 1943. This source describes the communication between Hitler and his commanding officer at Stalingrad during the battle von Paulus. This communication proved to be a failure of the Nazi campaign due to Hitler basically leaving his men at Stalingrad out to dry, which was to von Pauluss dismay to where he committed suicide later. Therefore, this source gave great information on a specific part of this battle that is vital to its ending. Stalin, Joseph. Not One Step Back. Soviet High Command, July 28, 1942. This quote was used to show Stalins abrupt but bold decision to finally stop tactically retreating further to the east and face the Nazi army at an imaginary line running through Stalingrad. Therefore, this quote shows the stubbornness of Stalin in decision-making but also shows his bold side that proved to be very successful. Secondary Sources: Adolf Hitler, The History Channel website, http://www.history.com/topics/adolf-hitler (accessed Oct 7, 2012). This website source was used heavily as a reliable source pertaining to the importance, significance, and scope of Stalingrad to the rest of the war as a whole. This site gave factual information used in the webpage as well as an emphasis on Hitlers influence on the eastern campaign for the Nazis. This source was very helpful, reliable, and full of information about Stalingrad and the important figures involved in the battle. Alarcon, Arno. "Stalingrad, the decisive battle." The Battle for Stalingrad. http://www.stalingrad.net/highlights/decisive.html (accessed October 21, 2012). This website source accounted for every fact and detail about the casualties, offensives, operations from both sides, retreats, and orders/declarations from either side of the battlefield. This allowed for the webpage to have quotes and/or statements from generals and leaders from the Nazis and Soviets, which adds to the credibility and research of the topic. Overall, this source was useful and gave good information and highlights of Stalingrad. Alexander, Bevin. "Military History Online - Operation Barbarossa." Military History Online.http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/articles/barbarossa.aspx (accessed October 21, 2012). This website source was used to gain much needed information on Operation Barbarossa,

Mike Mehaffy and Jake Jacoby the German offensive leading to the battle of Stalingrad, and why its main objective had not been fully achieved before the battle began. Gaining information on this operation was vital to understanding the importance and reasoning behind attacking Stalingrad in the first place. Therefore, this source was essential to even beginning to understand why this battle even occurred. Askey, Nigel. "Operation Barbarossa, Objectives of the Work." Operation Barbarossa; by Nigel Askey. http://operationbarbarossa.net/Objectives/Objectives.html (accessed October 21, 2012). Similar to the previous source above, this source also gave good information pertaining to Operation Barbarossa, but it highlighted the main objectives even further. By knowing these main objectives: gain essential resources and win in a certain time period in the East, analysis of Stalingrad is much more thorough and accurate. So, this source gave good reasons as to why Stalingrad happened and Hitlers plan in the eastern front. Askey, Nigel. "Operation Barbarossa: Brief Description." Operation Barbarossa; by Nigel Askey. http://operationbarbarossa.net/BriefDescription.html (accessed October 21, 2012). Also in addition to the two sources above, this website source gave information on Operation Barbarossa, which stresses the importance of extensive knowledge on this operation. In general, this source just gave a brief overview and the outstanding points of the operation that are needed for understanding Stalingrad fully. In conclusion, this source was a great fallback when looking for information on Operation Barbarossa. Battle of Stalingrad, The History Channel website, http://www.history.com/topics/battle-ofstalingrad (accessed Oct 7, 2012). This website was used extensively as a reliable source for any unknown information about the battle of Stalingrad: before, after, during, outcomes, etc. This source was repeatedly used to check numbers and facts from other sources as well as being the first source looked at when describing the movements and offensives within the city itself. So, this source provided good information and was a source available to support or disprove some sources facts. Battle of Stalingrad, The History Channel website, http://www.history.com/videos/world-warii-battle-of-stalingrad (accessed Oct 7, 2012). This video gave great visual and audio resources for learning about Stalingrad as a city before the battle and after the battle. The picture ruins of building, dead bodies, and factual information gave a great source for being able to picture what happened while reading or hearing it. Therefore, this video was good for notes, visual evidence, and audio evidence of the city and the effects the battle had on it. "The Battle Of Stalingrad." World War 2 Insightful Essays. http://www.2worldwar2.com/stalingrad.htm (accessed October 21, 2012).

Mike Mehaffy and Jake Jacoby This essay proved to be extremely useful to adding a key analysis aspect to this webpage that as a result avoided the webpage being a fact sheet and made it an analysis webpage. To clarify, this source proved factually accurate, but it also had a point about how this battle devastated Germany for the rest of the war. In addition, it mentioned how since this battle, Germany has not won a battle against Russia. So, this source proved to be very useful in providing analysis on this topic. Bullock, Alan. Hitler and Stalin: parallel lives. New York: Knopf: 1992. This book source gave an interesting take on Stalingrad due to the overall theme of the book being a comparison of the lives and lifestyles of Hitler and Stalin. Stalingrad is mentioned for many pages, described as a key victory for Stalin over Hitler and points out Hitlers mistake in declaring that no Nazi would leave the city. So, this source gave good information on the leaders of the two sides and gave a better understanding as to why each leader acted as they did in executing battle orders at Stalingrad.

Hickman, Kennedy. "Battle of Stalingrad - Battle of Stalingrad WW2." Military History Warfare through the Ages - Battles and Conflicts - Weapons of War - Military Leaders in History. http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/worldwarii/p/World-War-Ii-Battle-OfStalingrad.htm (accessed October 21, 2012). This website source compiles many different battles, analyzes them in the scope of their wars, and gives great facts and analysis on the battle. The same was done for Stalingrad and much information was gathered from this source due to its credibility and analysis on the battle. In conclusion, this source proved to be used much throughout the compilation of the webpage as a reliable and well researched source. Joseph Stalin, The History Channel website, http://www.history.com/topics/joseph-stalin (accessed Oct 7, 2012). This source gives solid information Stalin and his life and decisions during World War II with an emphasis on these decisions during the battle of Stalingrad. Many of his decisions were and still are questionable, but they are much less so after this source is read and understood fully. So, this source gave essential information into Joseph Stalins life during the war and provided reasoning and evidence for his decision pertaining to this battle. Nazi Defeat at Stalingrad, The History Channel website, http://www.history.com/videos/nazidefeat-at-stalingrad (accessed Oct 7, 2012). This source analyzes the battle, sees the devastation of the Nazi army on the eastern front, and describes how this battle could possibly be the sole reason for Nazi defeat in World War II. This analysis is backed by facts and numbers and the fact that no other battle was won on the eastern front, which disallowed for reinforcements to travel to the western

Mike Mehaffy and Jake Jacoby front. In conclusion, this source was very helpful in understanding the scope and significance of the Nazi defeat at this battle. Operation Barbarossa, The History Channel website, http://www.history.com/topics/operationbarbarossa (accessed Oct 7, 2012). This website source gives more information on the heavily researched Operation Barbarossa and adds as yet another source to back up any facts and claims from the other sources regarding this operation. But, it did, in fact, provide extra analysis of the importance of Operation Barbarossa to not only Stalingrad but also the whole eastern front during World War II. In conclusion, this source extended the research of Operation Barbarossa further and gave more information on the events leading up to Stalingrad.

"Stalingrad1942." Stalingrad battlefield information. http://www.stalingradinfo.com/stalingrad1942.htm (accessed October 21, 2012). This source gave information only pertaining to the city itself as a battlefield during the times of fighting in this battle. Information from this site included army movements in all directions from Soviet troops and Nazi troops, the usage of building ruins and foxholes, the usage of sewer pipes, and reinforcement and supply problems for the Germans. Therefore, this source provided great specific information about the city "Stalingrad." Spartacus Educational. http://web311.pavilion.net/RUSstalingrad.htm (accessed October 21, 2012). This battle gives great information on the battle in general including facts, scope, significance, and importance for both sides in the war and for the future after this battle. It describes how the battle, due to its military size, was definitely a turning point in the war positively for the Soviets and negatively for the Nazis as well as telling how significant for both sides it was. So, this source was very useful in seeing and understanding the difference in significance for both sides and comprehending the enormous scope of the whole battle. Stalin's Purges, The History Channel website, http://www.history.com/videos/stalins-purges (accessed Oct 7, 2012). This video gave background information on Joseph Stalin, provided information on reasons for his decisions not only during Stalingrad but also during the war, and allows for a better understanding of his decisions throughout World War II. In conclusion, without this source, many of the decisions made by Stalin for the Soviet side would be hard to understand and/or comprehend. World War II, The History Channel website, http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii (accessed Oct 8, 2012).

Mike Mehaffy and Jake Jacoby This website source gave information regarding all of the most important battle and turning points of World War II. Mentioning Stalingrad, it describes how important the result was for both sides, win or lose due to the amount of men thrown into battle at Stalingrad and due to its oil reserves to the south. In conclusion, this source gave some information regarding Stalingrad as one of the most important battles of World War II in its entirety. "WWII Behind Closed Doors: Stalin, the Nazis and the West . Biographies . Joseph Stalin | PBS." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/biographies/stalin.html (accessed November 4, 2012). This source provides needed information regarding Stalin and his political relationship with the Nazis and the West and how mixed feelings and negotiations made up this relationship. This source provided an interesting take and gave information and evidence as to why the relationship with the Nazis and the West was like it was as well as describing his leadership of the USSR during the war. So, this source provides very good and solid information regarding Joseph Stalin during World War II. "WWII Behind Closed Doors: Stalin, the Nazis and the West . In Depth . Stalin Stands Alone | PBS." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/indepth/stalin-stands.html (accessed October 21, 2012). This source is essentially an extension to the source above and further examines, evaluates, and analyzes Joseph Stalin and his important influences and contributions to the war for the USSR. In conclusion, like its counterpart above, this source was very important and vital to the full understanding of Stalin and his contributions to the war. Yoder, Mike . " Military History Online - Battle of Stalingrad." Military History Online . http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/stalingrad/default.aspx (accessed October 7, 2012). This source gave a great outline of the events leading up to the battle including Operation Barbarossa, events occurring during the battle like Operation Uranus and Operation Little Saturn, and events following the battle like tens of thousands of German prisoners, millions dead, and other important facts. So, this source acted as a great source to have ready and available at all times during this project to seek and find the main events that happened as the battle continued. Young, Andy. "Battle of Stalingrad Facts." Siberian Light The Russia Blog. http://siberianlight.net/battle-of-stalingrad-facts/ (accessed October 21, 2012). This source simply gave basic facts about the battle of Stalingrad and served primarily as a quick source for listing numbers of casualties, generals involved, armies and battalions involved, etc. Therefore, this source, although rarely used extensively at one time, was useful in basically having a fact sheet available whenever needed during the webpage construction.

Mike Mehaffy and Jake Jacoby

Primary Image Sources:

- http://nowiknow.com/hitlers-plan-to-invade-switzerland/ This image was obtained from the internet and was used to show how vast the Nazi Germany country had become under Hitler. In addition, it shows the eastern and western borders for the Nazi state. - http://www.uen.org/utahlink/tours/tourImage.cgi?image_id=39365&tour_id=23104 This map was gathered for the webpage and used to show the extent of German occupation, control, and influence in Europe during their peak in World War II. - http://my.opera.com/eyeswideshut/blog/2011/08/14/world-war-ii-part-06-operation-barbarossa This image was placed on the webpage to describe visually the plan and extent of Operation Barbarossa on the Eastern front. - http://www.meh.ro/tag/flags/ This was used as a frontal image in the webpage to show the flag of Nazi Germany. - http://news.kievukraine.info/2011/12/uncertain-world-destructive-soviet.html This was used to display the Soviet flag opposite of the Nazi flag as the initial image. - http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/111/week_nine.html This image was utilized to display the Nazis power, Hitlers power, and the understood fear of the enemies overall. https://wikis.glowscotland.org.uk/index.php?title=0001821/Ciaran%2C_Emily%2C_Heather_% 26_Ross/Ciaran_-_The_Battle_For_Stalingrad This map was taken and used to form the German offensive on the city of Stalingrad while displaying the large number of waves and offensives from the Germans. https://wikis.glowscotland.org.uk/index.php?title=0001821/Ciaran%2C_Emily%2C_Heather_% 26_Ross/Ciaran_-_The_Battle_For_Stalingrad This map shows another example and display of the German offensive bearing down on Stalingrad. - http://www.toptenz.net/top-10-reasons-hitler-was-an-idiot.php/hitler-stalingrad

Mike Mehaffy and Jake Jacoby

This political cartoon is a perspective that has the position that Hitlers lofty and outwardly expressed goals were unattainable and put much unneeded pressure on German armies on the globe. - http://brokenworld.wikispaces.com/16.1+Hitler's+Lightning+War This image shows Hitlers lightning war tactics and the consequences and destruction from his blitzkrieg. This was vital to Hitlers early success on the eastern front. - http://www.theeasternfront.co.uk/battles/operationuranus.htm This image displays Operation Uranus in action by the Soviet Army against the Nazis. This was the counteroffensive by the Soviets to the initial surrounding of Stalingrad by the German 6th Army. - http://www.historyofwar.org/Maps/maps_stalingrad11.html This map simply shows another map of Stalingrad and offers a better view of the offensives and retreats of both sides during the battle. - http://historyimages.blogspot.com/2008/07/battle-for-stalingrad-turning-point-in.html This image gives an idea of why Stalingrad is considered one of the most Important turning points in modern history due to its casualty number, military significance, and being the first battle lost in the East by the Germans. - http://www.bcc.cuny.edu/other/wach/topic9/occupymap.jpe This image shows a map of Germany and as it spreads its influence and realm over the course of World War II. - http://www.allcountries.org/maps/ussr_maps.html This map depicts the eastern front with an emphasis on the borders and troubles between the Nazis and Soviets, pointing out any major battles and army movements. - http://www.russiablog.org/2007/04/did_uncle_joe_win_the_war.php This image shows the numerous battalions and divisions moving eastward by the Nazis to face the Soviets at this time.