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HIROCACBON
KHNG NO
5 :
DN
HALOGEN
- PHENOL
- ANCOL
2 : 3 :XUT
HIROCACBON
NO THIN NHIN
CHUYN CHUYN
4 :CHUYN
HIROCACBON
THM
NGUN
HIROCACBON
HIROCACBON NO
2 - clo - 3 metylpentan nh s gn halogen trc => Cl s 2 ; Metyl s 3 ; pentan => Mch chnh c 5
SGK 11- nng cao 109 ; Cu thn ch : M - Em Phi Bn Phn Ha Hp - - Ngoi ng
1
2
3
4
5
CH3 CH(Cl) CH(CH3) CH2 CH3
Cu 2: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to c cng thc phn t C5H12 ?
A. 3 ng phn.
B. 4 ng phn.
C. 5 ng phn. D. 6 ng phn
SGK 11 nng cao 139 Nh 4 thng u tin => C5H12 c 3 ng phn
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 ; CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) CH3;
Cu 3: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to c cng thc phn t C 6H14 ?
A. 3 ng phn.
B. 4 ng phn.
C. 5 ng phn. D. 6 ng phn
SGK 11 nc 139 => C6H14 c 5 ng phn. => C
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH2 CH3 ;
CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3; CH3 CH(CH3) CH(CH3)-CH3 ;
CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) - CH2 CH3 => 5 p => C
Xem li file vit ng phn + CT tnh ng phn : Down load file trn .
Cu 4: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to c cng thc phn t C 4H9Cl ?
-1-
CCC
C
mch i xng
Mi tn l v tr Br => 4 ng phn
Bc
CCCC ;
I II II I
III I
CCC
I C
=>A
D. 5.
Mi tn l v tr Cl => 2 ng phn
=>A
B. (1)>(4)>(2)>(3).
C. (1)>(2)>(3)>(4).
D. (3)>(2)>(1)>(4).
Xem chuyn nhit si => i vi dn xut R-X , nu khng c lin kt hidro , nhit si s cng cao
CH3
Br2/as
Br2/Fe, to
dd NaOH
NaOH n/c,o,t p
X, Y, Z, T c cng thc ln lt l
A. p-CH3C6H4Br, p-CH2BrC6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4OH.
-4-
Axit picric .
Seach google nu khng bit cc cht http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ax%C3%ADt_picric
Axit picric tng hp t benzen hoc phenol
A. Propan.
B. Xiclopropan. C. Propen.
D. Propin.
Anlyl => CH2=CH-CH2- => ancol anlylic : CH2=CH CH2 OH
Y l CH2 = CH CH2 Cl => X l CH2 = CH CH3
V Ch mt s Anken u mch mi c kh nng tham gia phn ng th 500-600 C
=> C propen
+ HCl
B C. C c cng thc l
CO2
-5-
D. CH3CH2CH2COOH.
-7-
MZ = MX + 28 ; => MZ = 1,875MX
C sai v CH3OH c k = 0 ;
Cu 47: Ancol X n chc, no, mch h c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 37. Cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 c un
nng n 180oC thy to thnh mt anken c nhnh duy nht. X l
A. propan-2-ol.
B. butan-2-ol.
C. butan-1-ol.
D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
Cch 1: => to ra anken c nhnh duy nht => Ancol phi c nhnh => D duy nht 2 metyl
Cch 2:Ancol n chc , no , mch h => CnH2n+1OH c M = 14n + 18 = 37.2 => n = 4 ; C4H9OH
un nng 1800 => ancol c nhnh duy nht => OH gn vi C bc I hoc i xng + Mch chnh c nhnh
3
2
1
1
2
3
=> CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 OH hoc CH3 C(CH3) CH3
=> p n c trng hp D ng
OH
Cu 48: Mt ancol n chc X mch h tc dng vi HBr c dn xut Y cha 58,4% brom v khi lng. un X
vi H2SO4 c 170oC c 3 anken. Tn X l
A. pentan-2-ol.
B. butan-1-ol.
C. butan-2-ol.
D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
P vi HBr SGK 11NC 226
p n => Ancolno n chc V c ui an ankan ; v ol
CnH2n+1OH + HBr => CnH2n+1Br Y + H2O
%Br = 80.100%/(14n + 81) = 58,4 => n = 4 => C4H9OH
Loi A v c 5C ; B v ch to ra 1 anken OH gn vi C bc I - 1 ol
Xt C v D ; D loi v ch to ra 1 anken mch i xng C C(C) C
OH
C : C C(OH) C C => anken C = C C C ko p hnh hc ; C C = C C p hnh hc
Cu 49: Mt cht X c CTPT l C4H8O. X lm mt mu nc brom, tc dng vi Na. Sn phm oxi ha X bi CuO
khng phi l anehit. Vy X l
A. but-3-en-1-ol. B. but-3-en-2-ol.
C. 2-metylpropenol.
D. tt c u sai.
C4H8O => k = 1 => c 1 ni i ; P vi Na => c H linh ng Ancol , phenol, axit hay c H linh ng c nhm OH
, COOH => Ch c th l Ancol v k=1 ; Nu l axit phi c 2 Oxi ; phenol c k 4
Oxi ha X bi CuO khng phi l andehit => c nhm OH
T 3 d kin trn => Ancol n chc c 1 lin kt i c nhm OH khng gn vi C bc I
=> B But 3 en 2 ol ; C C(OH) C = C Cch c tn lun => nh s gn OH hay gn H linh ng nht
Cu 50: Bc ca ancol l
A. bc cacbon ln nht trong phn t.
B. bc ca cacbon lin kt vi nhm -OH.
C. s nhm chc c trong phn t.
D. s cacbon c trong phn t ancol.
SGK 11 NC 220 => B phn di cng *
Cu 51: Bc ancol ca 2-metylbutan-2-ol l
A. bc 4.
B. bc 1.
C. bc 2.
D. bc 3.
1 2
3 4
2 metyl butan 2 ol
C C(C) C C
=> Bc 3
OH
Cu 52: Cc ancol c phn loi trn c s
A. s lng nhm OH.
B. c im cu to ca gc hirocacbon.
C. bc ca ancol.
D. Tt c cc c s trn.
SGK 11 NC 220 => S lng OH ; B c im gc no , khng no, vng, bezen bc ancol I, II, III => D
Cu 53: Cc ancol (CH3)2CHOH ; CH3CH2OH ; (CH3)3COH c bc ancol ln lt l
A. 1, 2, 3.
B. 1, 3, 2.
C. 2, 1, 3.
D. 2, 3, 1.
-8-
= 20.0,8 = 16 g => A
Cu 66: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l
A. HBr (to), Na, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc). B. Ca, CuO (to), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH.
C. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc).
D. Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CHCO)2O.
SGK 11 NC 225 Tnh cht ha hc => A CH3COOH l p iu ch este SGK 11 254
Nu khng lm c thng dng cch loi p n
Loi B v thy ngay Ca khng p Ch p vi Na,K
Loi C v c NaOH ru ch p vi Na
Loi D v c Na2CO3 ru khng p vi mui
Cu 67: Cho cc hp cht sau :
(a) HOCH2CH2OH.
(b) HOCH2CH2CH2OH.
(c) HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH.
(d) CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. (e) CH3CH2OH.
(f) CH3OCH2CH3.
Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)2 l
A. (a), (b), (c).
B. (c), (d), (f).
C. (a), (c), (d).
D. (c), (d), (e).
Tc dng Na, Cu(OH)2 => ru c nhm OH lin k : dng C(OH) C(OH) C th l axit nh:
(a) , (c), (d) u c dng trn => C
B loi v OH cch nhau 1 CH2 ; e sai v ch c 1 nhm OH , f sai v khng phi ru
Cu 68: a. Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng) :
Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l
A. CH3COOH, CH3OH.
B. C2H4, CH3COOH.
C. C2H5OH, CH3COOH.
D. CH3COOH, C2H5OH.
SGK 11 NC 227 => X l glucozo , Y l C2H5OH => C
Z l CH3COOH v C2H5OH + O2 => CH3COOH + H2O ; Metylaxetat este CH3COOCH3
CH3COOH + CH3OH => CH3COOCH3 + H2O phn ng iu ch este
b. Cho s chuyn ho : Glucoz X Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH3CH2OH v CH=CH.
B. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO.
C. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH.
D. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO.
X l CH3CH2OH => loi C v D => Xt A, B ; vi CH=CH khng c p iu ch CH3COOH
Vi CH3CHO + O2 => CH3COOH => B
Cu 69: Cho Na tc dng va vi 1,24 gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc X, Y, Z thy thot ra 0,336 lt kh H2 (kc).
Khi lng mui natri ancolat thu c l
A. 2,4 gam.
B. 1,9 gam.
C. 2,85 gam.
D. 3,8 gam.
Xem phng php tng gim khi lng . Ancol ROH => Mui RONa => M tng = 22.x g Vi x l nROH
- 10 -
n(n + 1)
2
B.
2n(n + 1)
.
2
2
C. n .
2
D. n!
Bi 81 => A
HCl
SO 4 c , 170o C
Cu 85: Cho s chuyn ha : But-1-en +
A +NaOH
B +H 2
E
Tn ca E l
A. propen.
B. ibutyl ete.
C. but-2-en.
D. isobutilen.
Cc phn ng trung gian => khng lm thay i s C v v tr mch chnh V ch l p cng v th => Loi A ,D
nhit 170 => Loi B v to ra anken => C
P : But 1 en : C = C C C + HCl => C C(Cl) C C +NaOH => C C(OH) C C => C C = C C
=> C p u l cng , p 2 l phn ng th bi dn xut, p 3 l tch H2O => to ra sn phm chnh l C
Cu 86: un nng hn hp gm hai ru (ancol) n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng vi H2SO4
c 140oC. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 6 gam hn hp gm ba ete v 1,8 gam nc. Cng thc phn t
ca hai ru trn l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH.
D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
A, B , D l ancol no n chc => Xt Ancol no n chc : CnH2n+1OH hn hp
BT khi lng => m ancol p = m ete + mH2O v p ancol => ete + H2O = 7,8 g
n hh ancol p = 2nH2O V lun c 2 ancol p => 1 H2O VD; CH3OH + CH3OH => CH3 O CH3 + H2O
=> n ancol p = 0,2 mol => M ancol = 14 n + 18 = 7,8/0,2 = 1,5 => A
Cu 87: un nng t t hn hp etanol v propan-2-ol vi H2SO4 c c th thu c ti a s sn phm hu c l
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 5.
D. 4.
2 anken v 3 ete => 5 cht => C etanol C2H5OH => to ra 1 anken ; Propan - 2 ol C C(OH) C => to ra 1
anken ; s ete = cng thc = 3
Cu 88: Co bao nhiu ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O, u la dn xut cua benzen, khi tach nc cho
san phm co th trung hp tao polime ?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Sn phm c th trng hp to polime => C ni i C ngoi vng benzen
p : C6H5 CH2 CH2 OH => C6H5 CH=CH2 Stiren
C6H5 CH(OH) CH2 => C6H5 CH =CH2 Stiren => c 2 p => B
Cu 89: A la ancol n chc co % O (theo khi lng) la 18,18%. A cho phan ng tach nc tao 3 anken. A co tn la
A. Pentan-1-ol.
B. 2-metylbutan-2-ol.
C. pentan-2-ol. D. 2,2-imetyl propan-1-ol.
p n => Ancol no n chc v u l an hay ankan , v ol hay 1 ol => CnH2n+1OH
Xt B : 2 metylbutan 2 ol ;
I
II
C C(C) C C => C C(C) = C C v C = C(C) C C
C 2 cht u khng c p hnh hc => loi B => C
OH
Cu 90: hirat ha 14,8 gam ancol thu c 11,2 gam anken. CTPT ca ancol l
A. C2H5OH.
B. C3H7OH.
C. C4H9OH.
D. CnH2n + 1OH.
Cch 1 mo => Ly 14,8 chia cc p n => C
hidrat => Tch H2O => mancol = manken + mH2O mH2O = 3,6 g => nH2O = nRuou = 0,2 mol
=> M ruou = 14n + 18 = 14,8 / 0,2 n = 4 => C
Cu 91: un nong hn hp X gm 2 ancol n chc lin tip trong day ng ng vi H2SO4 c 140oC. Sau phan
ng c hn hp Y gm 5,4 gam nc va 19,4 gam 3 ete. Hai ancol ban u la
A. CH3OH va C2H5OH.
B. C2H5OH va C3H7OH.
- 13 -
a+b
. X co cu tao thu gon la
1,02
A. C2H5OH.
B. C2H4(OH)2.
C. C3H5(OH)3.
D. C3H6(OH)2.
b = 0,71c ; c = (a + b)/1,02
kt ta CaCO3 => Chn c = 100 g Mo chn MCaCO3 => b = 71 g th vo => a = 31 g
nCaCO3 = nCO2 = 1 mol , m bnh tng = mCO2 + mH2O = 71 44 + mH2O = 71 mH2O = 27 g
=> nH2O = 1,5 mol => n Ancol = nH2O nCO2 = 0,5 mol => M X = 31 / 0,5 = 62 => B
Cu 126: t chay hon toan a gam hn hp gm metanol va butan-2-ol c 30,8 gam CO2 va 18 gam H2O. Gia tri
a la
A. 30,4 gam.
B. 16 gam.
C. 15,2 gam.
D. 7,6 gam.
Cch 1: n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 7/3 => C 7 H 2.7 +2 O hay C 7 H 20 O v 2 ancol cho u no
3
3
3
3
C 7 H 20 O
3
25,4
= 42,33 => M ru < 42,33 V M phenol = 94 > 42,33 => Ch c CH3OH M = 32 => A
0,6
Cu 142: Co bao nhiu hp cht hu c C7H8O va tac dung vi Na, va tac dung vi NaOH ?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Va tc dng vi Na ,va tc dng vi NaOH=>hp cht cha gc phenol
CH3 C6H4 OH CH3 gn v tr 1 , gc OH gn v tr m , p , o => 3 cht
Cu 143: A la hp cht co cng thc phn t C7H8O2. A tac dung vi Na d cho s mol H2 bay ra bng s mol
NaOH cn dung trung hoa cung lng A trn. Chi ra cng thc cu tao thu gon cua A.
A. C6H7COOH.
B. HOC6H4CH2OH.
C. CH3OC6H4OH.
D. CH3C6H3(OH)2.
nA = nH2 => A cha 2 H linh ng hay 2 nhm OH => Loi A v C
nA = nNaOH => A cha 1 gc OH gn vi vng benzen => B
Loi D v 2 OH gn vi vng benzen
Cu 144: Khi t chay 0,05 mol X (dn xut benzen) thu c di 15,4 gam CO2. Bit 1 mol X phan ng va u
vi 1 mol NaOH hoc vi 2 mol Na. X co cng thc cu tao thu gon la
A. CH3C6H4OH.B. CH3OC6H4OH.
C. HOC6H4CH2OH. D.C6H4(OH)2.
Tc dng 2 mol Na v 1 mol NaOH =>dn xut ca phenol c 2 nhm OH , 1 nhm gn vi vng benzen , 1 nhm
gn vi C ngoi vng benzen nh bi 143 => C
V nX = nNaOH => c 1OH gn vi vng benzen ; nX = 2nNa => c 1 OH gn vi C ngoi vng benzen
Cu 145: Hoa cht nao di y dung phn bit 2 lo mt nhan cha dung dich phenol va benzen.
1. Na.
2. dd NaOH.
3. nc brom.
A. 1 va 2.
B. 1 va 3.
C. 2 va 3.
D. 1, 2 va 3.
Na => phenol to ra kh , benzen khng p
NaOH phenol c p nhng khng bit hin tng
dd Br2 => phenol to ra kt ta , benzen khng p
=> 1 v 3 => B Mnh khng bit NaOH cng ng
ko? Cho mnh kin ca bn
Cu 146: A la hp cht hu c cng thc phn t la C7H8O2. A tac dung vi NaOH theo ti l 1 : 2. Vy A thuc loai
hp cht nao di y ?
A. i phenol.
B. Axit cacboxylic
C. Este cua phenol.
D. Va ancol, va phenol.
nNaOH = 2nA => c 2 H linh ng
A tha mn v 2OH gn vi vng benzen
B sai v ch l n chc do 2Oxi
C sai v khng c H linh ng
D sai v ancol khng p vi NaOH
Cu 147: Co bao nhiu ng phn (cha vong bezen), cng thc phn t C8H10O, khng tac dung vi Na?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Khng phn ng vi Na => Khng l ancol , khng l phenol
K = (8.2 10 + 2)/2 = 4 m vng benzen c 4 pi => ete O v ch c ete v ru l c 1 oxi + no
- 20 -
- 26 -
2A
12B
22D
32B
42A
52D
62A
72D
82A
92C
102C
112D
122A
132D
142C
152C
162B
172A
182C
3C
13B
23C
33C
43B
53C
63A
73C
83D
93A
103C
113A
123A
133B
143B
153B
163A
173B
183A
4B
14D
24C
34C
44A
54A
64D
74B
84A
94D
104B
114B
124C
134AA
144C
154C
164B
174A
184D
5B
15A
25B
35B
45C
55D
65A
75C
85C
95B
105A
115B
125B
135A
145D
155B
165D
175D
185A
6A
16DD
26B
36B
46D
56C
66A
76B
86A
96B
106C
116C
126C
136B
146A
156C
166C
176D
186A
7A
17B
27A
37B
47D
57D
67C
77A
87C
97C
107A
117B
127A
137D
147D
157D
167D
177D
187B
8A
18A
28C
38C
48C
58C
68CB
78C
88B
98C
108D
118B
128C
138D
148B
158D
168D
178A
9C
19B
29D
39A
49B
59B
69B
79A
89C
99A
109A
119A
129B
139D
149A
159C
169B
179A
- 27 -
10AD
20A
30D
40C
50B
60A
70B
80D
90C
100D
110A
120C
130C
140D
150A
160AD
170C
180B