U I

"


Sc

'

-
-

&

'

......
1:
1.1:

1.1: -
:

1.1

(), (), ().

1.2

0 rad.
()
.

1.3

()

1.4

:
:
:

x=



=


=

= -,
( = 0).
( = 0),
= -.
( = 0),
= -.

= + U U - = 2U DA2
2

2-Dx2
2

=
V2
1.5

3J
4J
5J

*2

A
1.6

) /4, ) /2, ) 3T/4.

1.7

a) 1,

1.8

()

) ,

) 0.

5J
2J
1J
0


1.9

) 1,5 "6 s, ) 3 "6 s,

) 0,75 "6 s, ) 0,75 "6 s.

1.10

1.11

80x10"3 J
40x10"3 J
120x103 J
1.12

a)LA<LB,

)>

1.13

a) Qb = 2Qa

) EB = 2EA

1.14

().

1.15

1 (),

1.16

3 J
*

)TB=TA

70x10"3 J
50x10"3 J

120x10"3 J

120>

)=2

2 ().

.

, . .
1.17

()

1.18

()

1.19

()

1.20

1.21

(),

().

1-22

(),

().

1.23

()

1.24

, +1 , +1

( + 1) = 1,2,3....

-^+ Aae
J7

DA
~
l
_2
1

-+1

-e

-(+1)

DU/L4K+12

-e

V +1

1.25
1.26

8 cm

2cm.

(), (), (), ().

1.27

( 1) ,



2
EF = 0

22-=

(1)

(1)

( 2)

..1
ifflMimti

E F = 2 ( 2 -jc)-AT,(X, + ) (2)
( )

(2)

 (1)
/ 7 = -(2 + ) (3)
(3) ZF = -Dx D - 2 +

= 2
\D

= 2
\2+

= 0,2 s

.
1.28

.
)

-DA2 =-Dx? 1 + mu?

1
2

D = 2

DA2 = Dxl
+ mv]
2
2
2 2 2

Id(A2 -2)
0
= J
- = 3 mis

1.29

= 200 / m

D = ( 1.1).

/ 7 = 0

mg - = 0

=^

(1).

1171

= 2

, (1),

= 2 = 0,314s

\S


1.30

/ =- =

^ = = 1126 Hz

1.31

In^LC

q = Q cot
3
t = 0
q - Q - CV = 10~ C

= ^

2K4LC

J = 1 0 0 0 rad / s

4LC

q = 10 -3 owlOOOi (SI)

i = I .

-LI2
2

=-02 C

= \000

= -= = \
VZC
(SI)

. .
1.32

= A0e~M' e ~

A l

'

-At, = In

..

*-*=4 ^ ^ 4

= - I n (1)

i n

yi

(2) (1)

t,

t=
In

In

4,

t=

In =
32 In 1 - In 2
2

(lnl-ln32) =
In 2

ln32 =
In 2

ln2 5 =50s


1.33

= ^2 + \ + 22
4m , 2 Am rad

= 0 ( ).
1.34

= -Ja? + 2 + 2]2
A, -0,1m, 2 = 0,04 m - 0

= 0,14 m

, = 50 rad / s.

9 =

+ 2

{ = 0

<9 = 0

3 = 0.
,
* = 0,1477//50
1.35

= yj ,2 + 2 + 2 {2
= 0,08 m, 2 = 0,06 m --
rad

= 0,02 m

, = 50 rad / s.

9 =

jjt (
= 9 = 0
+ 2

3 = 0.

= 0,0250
10

(SI)

= { + 3)

= 3,1450

--2(

(SI)

+ 9)

- -493?750/7

(SI)

= = 0,04 s

1.36

f = |/, - / 2 1 = 0,5 //

,

- = 2 s

1.37

= { + )
,
1 -
\

\ D

=
D

42,

(1)

DA2=Dx2+
2
2

mv2
2

A = Jx2+ u2
V
D

(1)
= 2 +-^-2 =4x10~ 2 m

42

= 10 rad / s

11

 = { + ) t

sis

= = -
6
6

( = , t=0 >0 )
6

= 4 10 2 10/ +

(SI)

= ( + ) = , 10/ +
= -2{ + ) = - 10/ +
.38

"
D = (
1-1).

= 2

/ = = J

2\ m

"

A - d .

,
I
"" j'
d
j

F<

;
w

: = ( + ).
/ = 0
d =

= 1

= rad

2

/ = 0 - = = - 1
3
= radj
2

12

^mux = = d2/rf' = 0,5 mls

)
)

fl

max

1 = d4 2 f2

= 5 mis2

( 1) Z F = 0 - mg

mg
, =
1

( 2)

mg
+d

Fl=K{x,+d)=K
,_

1.39

mg + Kd = 15

2
,.
= = rad / s

= 0,2^
= 0,1 m

,=

'5
25
t,1 = s 2
^

: = 0,1 m

At = , -t, = s
1.40

.
)

-2

=-2

13

= 0,1m


( = Umax)

'
\

At = = J

2\

100

s.

D.

\
~

2. / = 2. /

\D

D = .

t = = .

FmaK = DA = 15 103

1.41

I.

)
()
-,
V

mv = (m + M)V
V =

= 5 mis.
m+

)

D = .

iHW

~ 2 =

A = V.

(m + )Vi

m+M
= 0,1m
V

14

, ,

1.42

2 lm + M
_
=3,14x10 2 s.
4 \

At = =

/ = = 2 / = 510" 3
:

i ^ 4 c

i ^ Q ' -

/ = - ^ = = LC =

rVVA I

i-J \

2K4lC

L a

\ ^

42/2

'

<)

(2)

(1) (2)
q =

= 4xlO" 7 C

U =-2~
2 C

(3)

UE+UB=0

2 C

UB=

2 C

2 C

(4)

1 2
= = 25x10 8 J (5)
2 C
(3) (4) (5)

(J)
=2510

+0,5

-0,5

15

1.43

Q = CV = 4 x 10~3 C

= U
=
U
F
2

q2 = 1 1 Q 2

2 C

22 C

/2

q = Q~Y ~ 2A/2 xlO - 3 C

)

q = Q cot
(1)

. _3

C? = 4 10

2"

C ft= =

2
;
24

3
rafl / 5
6

q = 2/2 10~3 C ,

2\/2 10~3 = 4 x l O ^ c r u v

1 3

1
6



t = 1,5 x 10^3 s.
1.44

1
2 C

1.45

2
2 C

^
2

Q = -yjq2 + LCi2 = 4 x 10 5 C = 40//C

)

.

= 50 rad

D = mco2 = 5 x l 0 4 N/m

= yj2 + 2 + 21(-

) = , - 2 = 5 10"2 m

= DA2 = 62,5 J

16

1 , 1 ,2

E = -mu2

+-Dx

2
2 E

a)

D x ^

m / s

1.46

To 2 ,

,,
.

2 F

m, m2

rfilWk

,.

F = 0
.

L>

= =

= 2 ml s
mx +m2

25

s

'
:

-mxv2
2

max

= '2
^

J^ = 0,2m

' = vmax

'
4

\m,
2^1

20

At = = . - = 5

17

 .
* = ^ ' = 0>314

d = s A' = 0,114m
1.47

)
mj

D = .


L ^ K = j l s .
4
4 V
20
?
h.
a

h = g(At)2 = 0,125 m
)

max

( = I

,~~ = 2m/ s

2 = gAt = \,51m/s
)

,
.

=-

mi

= 0,314s

18

1.48

jfl

(1) Z F = = mlg = j = 12 / m

-
(3) -
:

|2(Wj +m2)gl-KI
=2mls
(m, + m2)1 + 2 = (w, + m2)gl u= i
w, +m2

)
To
D =
(5)

( j f j1 -j- jfi ^ -

Z F = 0 = {rnx + m2 )g

= 0,625m

' =

=
2

/m.+m2

-A = 2,5m/ s

Wj +m 2

. + m, .
At = = Ji
= 0,4s
4

2V

A"

19

1.49

()

R+r

= 0,6
t=0

AAA

vWV^

()

()

.
Lenz
.

.
)

= 2

= 10

rad / s

2^VLC

.

, I = 0,6 ().

Q = L = 6x10" 5 C

= 0,6 o w l 0 4 t
ijr = 6xl0" 5 77//41

20

.50

)

.

.
,
.
)

= ^ = 3
R+r

vQfiflflOL

,r

-L/2=-CF2

C = ~ 2 = 18x 10~6 F
2
2
V
(
).

21

2.1

()

2.2

2.3

)
2)

)
2 )

2.4

(),

(),

()

2.5

1)

()

2)

2)

()

2.6

1)

2.7

2.8

/2.

2.9

1)

()

2)

()

2.10

2.11

)
)
)
)

, , , , ,
rad

/4

2.48

()

22


2.13

1,53 8 km.

2.14

7,46 .

2.15

()

2.16

()

2.17

/
\ ^ 1
^ / \ \ 1 0

^\J010Hz

1015

1019
2.18

)
)
)
)

2.19

().

2.20

().

.
.
.
.

-
2.21

2.22

60 .

2.23

().

2.24

, ,
.

23

2.25

().

2.26

2.27

= 1,6.

2.28

)
)

.
.

1 SSI I

2.29

/4
= 0,15s = 0,6s f = = .

= / = 2m!s.
2.30

_y = 3 x l 0

{\2>20 - 4)

= 2^-~)
1

2
= 4 rad / m

= 2nf = 1320 rad / s

= Af = 330m / s

24

1,57 m.

/ = 1^2.Hz

= 3\0

2
= = 1320 rad I s

tmax = = 39,6 m Is

^ = 1 3 2 0 - 4xj
-2

2 = 1320 - 42

= 4(2 - ,)

2
=

2.3 )

~ = - 3 - = 0,523m

t = - = 20s

)
= 21,5 s = 60 m

y = 0,17/2(0,25 21,5 - 5) = 0,05/2 W - 5y[2.cm

25


2.32

A
2 2Tit
= 2
(1)

yj ~ 2(

- j)

(1)

2= 0,5cm
2

= 440
0
=

y2 = 2(~
7DC

y = 0,5 40

= 0,25cm

= b cm

/ = = 20
"

yx = 0,252(20

y 2 = 0,252{20 + )
6

- )
6

d = = 3 cm

,
,
.
2
2
r

= 2

'
. a r
2
2ict

= 22/

9
= 1cm t = s = -31,4cm/,
)

f = 120 cm / s = 1,2 mis

26

2.33

)


\=

2 1

y(cm)

x(cm)

2 = 4 cm

=m
10 cm
2

t=0

5s = /4

= 20 cm
Is = /2

= 2s

\'\ = 4
10
= 12,5 cm

= 4
2.34

= 2/2 cm

)
, ,


.

d = = 2d = \m

= fJ = 3 4 0 m i s .
2
)

.

'

d' = ' = 2d' = 0,4m .

2

=r

2.35

'

/ ' = = 850.

y t = 5 ( 5 / - ) = 52(2,5-)

(1)

yx = 5 ( 5 + ) = 52(2,5/ + ^)

(2)

(1) (2)

y = 2( -

27

 = 2{-^ + ^-)
1

A = 5cm

f = = 2,5

= 2 cm

= / = 5 cm/ s

2 tdc
2

y = 2

= 5

|'| = |; \

' = 0

71

= 0 =
2

or-
,
1
, 5= cm
,
=
~ cm
2
2
2

tcx = .

= cm = cm
2
2

0,5 cm, 1,5 cm, 2,5 cm, 3,5 cm,

= 1cm.
2
\'\ = 10cm
x

=
7 =

= 0 = lcm = 2cm

0, lcm, 2cm,3cm,

28

'
= 1 cm .

2
= 0,5 cm.
4

2.36

|^'| = |10OTJV \

|4L X | = 10

cm

= = 2m

/


.

d = 2 = = 2m

2.37

c =

X = = 2>m
f

c=

= 410-"

,
/=_

C=

- i = 5X10-16F

4 K2Lf

2k4lC

29

 -
2.38

2.39

= = 2 x 1 0 mls

9r = 9 = 30"
Snell
9

2.40

= 291)

9^ =

nh

9,} = 9 = 0,4375

= V3
7/^

2.41

= Xf = 22,44 107 / / . ,

c =

>/

/ = = 4,6 x 14 //

= 0 = 1- = 464 nm .

2.43

= 1,56

2.44

9. = =

= = 1,33 .

u = /t/ = 2 , 1 4 x l 0 m / s .

2.42

9 >9 ,

30

n u

Jh_ __

tfM^crit

__ ^ 2

f -

na
V2
2
( b )
AV

&

a = $crit

A
2

max =45

2.45

max

<Pn

.
b
,
Snell,
n

W &

= 9

(1)

nb = 1 ,
&b = 60

(1) 60 = naauv&crit = na J\-29

W$cru

nb

=
n

na

(2)
60=

J l - - L

na = *J\ + 2

31

= 1,32

(2)


2.46

f
t

y2 = 2

,

r7 ~ )
' t r1+r2^
=

y = yl+y2

22

'-2

(1)

2
= = 2 m

(1)
r

' = 22
2
2.47

= 3/2 mm

^J

/2 :
' - =
/

'

\2

+ (H + d)2-2

+ =

^/

= 2yja2 +4(H + df

32

-2y/a2+4H2

2.48

< cnt.
b

W0 c r i t = 3

^
r = :,

^-W20crit
2.49

2- 1

)
Snell

' .
=
nbi =

=

=
=

{, )

.
)

/ = =

d
=


(1) (2)
,_(-)_^_

33

(1)

(2)

-2

(3)

 Snell
= ^

na = 1

(3) (4)

I = -

(4)

1-

nh = n

I = d \-

W2(p
n2

^ -

2,50

( = ) b
(nh = n), Snell
" = n b w O h

~ n h

(1)

7 +

V/? 2 + 2

= T F = /
2
,
/ +
2

2 JA +

(1), (2) (3)

2=

V/i+<?

2 JA 2 +

34

(2)

(3)

h = >. j
V

2.51

4-

= 8cm

: = 0,408 m ,

/ = (2 + )

(1)

+ 2 = {2 + \)^ +
(1) (2)

(2)
=
^

= /

= 0,136 m

2/

' = + = 0,544 m .
2.52

)


yx = (2 - + )
:

35

1
2 =

= \s

2
=

= 2m

= = 2 ml s

)


y = yi+y2(2 -+) + (2 -nr2)
y = 2

2 J

=-

+ r,
2

2 j

(1)

(1)

r. -
r.+r7
+
--

2~--
2
4
2
4/

r r

rx - r2
\~ 2
^ = 0
=
0 ' ( -
2
-
r
2
4
4/
2
y = 2

= (2iV + l)
2

JV = 0, 1, 2 .

, \

rx - r2 = 2 + m
V
2y
ii.

2
/ -r

\ ~r2
2

= 1

4/

- - =

rx~r2 = 2 +
2/
)

7V = 0, 1, 2 .
m

rx~r2
< = 0
- . : 0 2
2
= rad
36

2.53

)

= 10 rad Is

y = 5\0

= 5cm

f - = 5
2
= /

= = 4 cm

y = 52

51

( , y cm,

t s)
)

t = 1 s
= \ 0 - ^
)
ti

= 20cm .
, ti :

(cm)

/V = L = 5

y( cm )

t=l s
x(cm)
20

2.54

y =

= / = 2 0 c m / s
)

7TX
y = 8\
2

. 1 ...
= 4 cm / = = 5

=%^2^-\0
2

37

40

= 8 = 4cm
4
4

= 8
)

= 2
7

= 40cm/s

= 0 =
2

= (2 + 1) x = 2 +1 .
2
2
< < 4 < 2 +1 < 10
* = 0, 1, 2 , 3 , 4
7 . :

-3cm, -lcm,

1 cm, 3cm, 5cm, 1 cm 9cm

38

- Pascal
3.1

3.2

( = pgh )
.

3.3

()

3.4

1)

()

2)

()

3)

().

3.5

3.6

.
(^ = 22 )
.

3.7

= (6 + 4 + 4 - 2 - 2 5)m 3 Is 5 m* I s
.

3.8

,
.
.

3.9

1)

. ().

39

2)

si
{ = 2 2 = -^-

=4{ = 4 0 c m / s .

().
3.10

(
).

Bernoulli

3.11

()

,
.
Bernoulli

()

, .

3.12

.
Bernoulli
.

.
,

aim +pgh =

h=

Pg

, ,
.

40

3.13

.
.

.

3.14

.

,
().

3.15

)
)

VA>VB = vr~V/i
>

3.16

>

>

3.17

Pascal -
~1

3.18

L =

F, = F2-

F 2

F, =150 .

41

3.19

= kh .

{ - 22

= 2

khxvx = kh22

h2 = hx = 6,5 m.
2

3.20

= 2 2

1>, =

n L _ ,
=
- = 31,6 m i s
2

Ar,
*2 -

Bernoulli
3.21

= <J2gh (

3-2 Torricelli)
,2:
,

=
Bernoulli
.
2atm

wmKKKKm

+ | 1 + = +;
' = 2 atm = I a i m
1
h = u E = 0 '
2g
' = 2^

3.22

=16,76 ml s

.
Bernoulli ,

42

P+2P"

)
= ' = 1 2 .

F = = 2 = 54 3
2

3.23

Bernoulli
1,2
1
1
2
2
Pi +-p"i+pgh
= 2 + 2

= 2 = 0

1
2
-pvx+pgh

. = y[lgh + .

1
= -pv2

, = 22

, , = Az*j2gh + u12

2 A2gh
=

Af-A2

= , =

12/0 " 5 m3 Is

\ A, - 2

43

3.24

= yj2gh

( 3-2, Torricelli).

= = Ay]2gh
V

At = =

3.25

= 3,33 s

A^2gh

, =

= 22
2 -

2
Bernoulli , .
1

Pa + 2 P V 1

= +

22

1 ,

*P = Pa-PB=-P\

3.26

1 (4

2~"i ) =

At

)

2
= 22 At

V = - A2v2At = 51,6m2,

44

3^ 2

2 A[

= 6 x l 0 3 Pa

sij

= 22 = 2 -

(1).

Bernoulli

2 P V ] =

2pV2

" ^ )

(1) = = 10'

3.27

i2

+ pUl

~ 2

2 y

118000

-mu2

3- - - - -

= -mgh

1
2
= ~mv
mv + mgh = m
2

+ gh

= AW
At

+ gh

Am

At

Am = AV = pv\ = pA
At
At

+ gh = 5000 W

45

3.28

.
Bernoulli


.

i f ?

a,, + Pgh = +- 2

= Pa,m+ pgh2
3.29

= 128 3

3-2 (
Torricelli)

vK=^2gh.

= =>/2



.

figh
2

3.30

h=
= 24,2 cm
2gAA

3-2 (
Torricelli)

= ^2g(h-x)

.

46

S = Dt

(1)

(2)

(1) (2)

^~Vg

= 4hx^4x

42

- 4hx

+ $2 *=

(3)

,
,
16/? 2 -16 2 > 0

h>s

smax = h
(3) s = h

3.31

4h
8

)
3-2
( Torricelli)

= y]2gyx = 2m/s

"h/2

h-yx.

(1)

1 2
(2)
(1) (2),
s
v ~ h yx s xmax

47

0,8.
)


s

= pg(h-sy)

(3)

s x n m

max

(4)

(4) (3)

sxmm = ^ 4 s y ( h - s y )

4s2y-4hsy+sxnux=0

h = \m s i m a x = 0,8m

4s2v - 4s + 0,64 = 0

s
s 1 = 0,8 m

( )

sy2 = 0,2 m

(
)

)

3.30
= 0,5 m
s x m a x .

48

4.1

()

4.2

4.3

().

4.4

(),

4.5

4.6

. ( )
( )
OA
.

= - = 0 .

dt

().

-
4.7

4.8

4.9

5 > 2 > 3 > 4 = , = 0

49

4.10

F2<F,

F,

4.11

().

4.12

().

4.13

, .

4.14

32 x 10' 3 kgm2.

4.15

Steiner, I cm
, ,

d


d ( = Icm + Md2 ).

4.16

2 < / 3 < / 4 < /,

4.17

().

4.18

, ,


.

50

4.19

(),

().

4.20

)
)
)

m g ^ .

-
4.21

4.22

4.23

().

4.24

().

4.25

, ,

.

4.26

-.

.

4.27

().

4.28

1)
2)

4.29

().

51

4.30

120 J
60 J
0

0
40 J
80 J

0
20 J
40 J

4.31

<y

rad/s

raa/s

Nm

kg m

kg m Is

4.32

a7

At

oo(rad/s)

= 0,25 rad / s2

= 0 +

t = - 5-= 72 s
a

")
16

52

4.33

= = 50 rad s
acm =a r

4.34

4.35

= - 5 rad Is2

)

(v cm ).

.
,
, = 2ucm = 1 0 mis.

= 27$

cm =

0)r

/ -

(1)

cm
= -
-

(1)
f = ^ L = 9,9H Z

Im

4.36

= 0 acmt

= 0

tx =

cm

x = v0t1--acmtl

(2)

^0
acm =

- ~

(2)

53

2
= 8 rad / s 2
2 xR


4.37

zmax = Fl = 200 0,2m = 40Nm

, .

4.38

= F2R- FXR = 5Nm,

.

4.39

Flx=Fiovv{
F

ly

lW<P

- Fly2x-F2x-F^x

- 16Nm
F, j

'F,

4.40

= 0

F{R{ F2R2 = 0

R
1F,I\,

4.41

60

ZF = 0

= 0

= 0, ,
w

i x-w2(l-x)
w2l

F
A

0
X
w.

=0
= 1,2 m

Wj + w2

54

l x

'

w, ^

4.42

W, (
), w 2 (
- )
Fj F2 ( )
x
F 2 = 0.

F.
F,,

= 0, ,

WjOB - w2x - 0
(1)

,
OB

- 1 m

(1) x =

w,OB

= 0,21 m

= - = 0,79m = 19 cm

79cm .


79 cm .

4.43

EF = 0

= 0

= 0

F = 0
|/

^ =0

F, = 30"

F = w, + w2 -

= 0

)
(2)
( )

55

l '

W,' r

wi;,
-

3 / w2/ - , =
W,

w2+

=30
= 2, +w. = 180./V
(1)

Fx = 30

= 90/3

7,, = wx + w2 - 30 = 50 ./V.

(2)

F = ^FX2 +F}2 =163,7 TV = -^- = 0,32

*

4.44

Steiner
.
1 ,2 1 , 2
+ ' - , = ML
+ - M L = 1200

/ =/

2 J 12

1 =41 =
4.45

4800 kgm

)
,
.
= {) - ,

= = 20 rad / s2 ( = 0 )

= Ice

FR =

__2

56

10

4.46

.



=
(1)

I .

L
w
2

(1)
j

ML1

3Mg
= 15 rad / s
2 ML

-
4.47

z'z

.
L = L, + L 2

L,

L,
/-

L

I

21

-
cJ

L = Lx + L2 = mcol2 + mco(2l)2 = 5ma>l2 = 5,\2kgm2 /s

Li L2.
4.48

w,
R.

L = ,&;2 = a>R2Y<mi = McoR2 = 3,2kgm 2 /s.

4.49

L =V

2
I' = I + mr
57

= '

m:
r :

I2rf = (/ + mr2 \['

-MR2

=f -

= f -j

I + mr

= 1,9 Hz
2

-MR +mr

-
4.50

=-2
2
Steiner

1 = 1 +\ 2

4.51

,
=

-ML2 + ML2 =ML

12

ML2 2
=8 J .
2 3

= 2 +-2
2

= --MR2}-

R
22

4.52

U J

I = MR2

+-2 = -2 = 1507
2

= = 2nf = 400/r W
4.53

-
58

 = ^22 -|li2

=-400J

, 400 J.

4.54

= W = 80W
t

)
F

WF = = FL2n = 40 J

)


1
2
= 1 , -
.
1 2
= W,

\2WC

2 WF

iML

= 7,9 rad / s
1

3
)


= Fu

P = FLiy = \5SW
4.55

.

.

mg .

59

 /'2

.
m g = ^') 1

Steiner
j 2

ml2

I' = I + m

12

v2y

ml2

ml1

1 ml1

2 3

mg =

- - ^3gl = 3m! s

4.56

= 0
ZF = 0

ZF = 0

1F= 0

A..

/
F,

/% = 0

Fx =

Fy = w

(2)

= 0

( )

-^

'w

-0

(1) (2)

2
Fx = 50-\/3 TV

60

FY =100

 F F = ^]FX2 + F2 = 50^7

4.57

4.58

,.
2 /3
-

,
, F

.

.
F



y F x
w .

Fy > wx

y =R h

= \ R2 y2 =ylR2-(R-hf

F(R -h)> w^h(2R-h)

ylh(2R - h)
F > wR-h

)
w ) F

' ) F'
n (
) Fs ( ).

EF = 0 /% = 0

w=n

(1)

61

=Jh(2R-h)

 = ( )

= 30
30

-\^30

-$130

=0

(1)

Fs = sn = sw

wl
4.59

l
w ^>
2 2

, 1 = n

^3
,s =
2

, ( )
. :
= 0-

= 0 {t = tl)

0 = 2nf0

0 = 2n f o - a ^ A

2/rf

(1)
=

/ = ^ 2 = mR2

(2)
(3)

(1), (2), (3)

mR2 .
(4)
h
( )

= 3kR = ^
(5)
T =

(4), (5)
n
r.2 2#
lnR - mR
h

62

mR22nfQ
,
= 1
R
Mk *

4.60

L\ ^ <2

I] (0\ ~ 12^2

% ~ 2 2 #

=/\
*2

,=
+ 2 mr = ML + 2 mr2
1
12

I2 = I + 2m
\6j

ML2 +

ml1

12

ML +2mr
ft =

12"

-/ =5,8 Hz

1
12
4.61

(
).

:
1

12 2rv
+mi)2 = mgh
mR
25
*,
2

h =
10g

,
,

63


30

OA =

4.62

OA =

h
30

ZF. = rnacm

14 2
= 3,5 m
10g
wx-3

= macm

mg 30" - 3 = rnacm (1)

la

ron,

3 R = \mR2ay(0V

7s = -mRa/on,
ayo)VR = acm 3 = ~macm
(1) (2)
2
7
mg 30 = macm +~macm =-macm
5
<*an=-gw

4.63

- 0 25 .
30 = m/s

(2)

, 2
,

a-R = a
(1)

) , 2


Wj-, = mxa
(2)
w2 = m2a
(3)

= h +

3 0 ).

h .
64

= Iay(OV
=^mR2a

(Tl-T2)R

1
a
,2 = mR
1
2
2
R

T,-T2=ma
(4)
2
(2), (3) (4)
w1-w2 = m] +m2+m
m, -m2
ml + m2 +
4.64

.
-g = 4m/s

.
W = -mu22~2

mv,

'

2 = co2R2

Rx

W = ^moj]Rl

- ^ma>xRl

(1)

,
I(0 12( 2

mRfcox =mR2co2

0 = *
1

/?,2

(1)
1
W = -mcofR2
1
2

r
1

R2

KR2

65

= 43,2 J

4.65

4.66

AL = L 2 - L ,

AL = L 2 + ( L j)

AL = -Jl2 + L\

, = L2= 1

= Ico-Jl

AL = 4,5^2 kgm2 /s

L,

1
1
=-1--1

FRU

= --mR2o)2
22

4.67

AL

32 k F
32;20/
- =
= 50 kg
Rco
20x10 64^

3< $

>

3< ,,^
.>

(1)

mgavvcp

66

-L,

3R =mR

mRav,,
^ = ^

(1)

5>

Ra

(2)

(3)
2 gauvcp


a

cn, -

Yo>VR

>=~-

(4)

(3)

5 >

Igauvcp

= macm mg-3=macm

(6)

mRa

(6) (2)

ywv
- = macm

mg
ma

(4) mg

acm =

cm
macm

2 g ^

(5)

5^--

67

(5)

4.68

Y.F = macm
w-T

= macm

mg-
a

= la

cm

= macm
mg-T

(1)

m
(
)

TR=mB*a

(2)

..

=-^-

(3)

(2) (3) (1)

mR

.U=0

= mg

-AL = zT = TR = ^
At
3

AL

= 6xl0-3

kgm2/s2

At

)


.

1
1, 2
mgh7 = mu 2 +-
cm

= -BL
R

I = mR2
2

mgh = - mi/ +-mR2

(m
2
22

_ = 2.1 = 2 mis.
3

68

R2

= - 2
4
""

4.69

,


.
n

t
'

y=0

>0

w+n =

R
w = mg

=0

mg =

mo
^ssl

uAmin = JgR

.

, 1
1
2

mgh = mg2R + Ioja + muA

2
2
UA
I
I = mr , = , = oAmm =-yJgR
5
r
h hmin.

12__2 , 1
g mm = mg2R + mr2 + - mgR

m h

2 5
.
R R 27 R
.
,
=
= 54 cm.
min = 2R 5 1
2
10

69

4.70

= -Dx
ZF y

= 0 ( )

= 3-32 = - 2
/% = nx+n2-w = 0

(1)

= w-n2

(2)

U
2
d

-, (d + ^ = 0
U j
:

(2)

+ =0

-(w-n2)

id

W +

2 2 =

(3)

(2)

wd
2 (d-x)

, =w-

'

(4)

(1) (3) (4)

w
=

(d
12

(d
2

70

2\

2/^wg

lFx

jc

d
2 mg
D =
d

= -Dx

4.71

=2

Im

2 %

,.

I
) J

=mRl

KCtl

KOI

= J

!. =

mR2 mR
,
=
= 1,75 rad / 5 .
I R
I

71

5.1

*
)

. w
w


.

.
1 , 1 ,
= +2 = 0 AT = AT, +2 = mo~ + mu~ = 0
)

( 0) .

5.2
5.3

()

5.4

()

5.5

()

5.6

. , ,
. [ 2.

5.7

()

5.8

(), (), (),

5.9

()

72


5.10

.


0.

5.11

()

5.12

()

5.13

= + u ,
= - u .

5.14

= u + ,
= 2 + 2 .

5.15

(), (), ().

5.16

.


.

.

5.17

.

.

5.18

(), ().

73

 Doppler
5.19

()

5.20

5.21

f < /

</

f > /

>/
f = /

)
)

> /

5.22

)

-

m = + mu2

m(u, -

(2)

= 20 mis.

=-2
+ -mu2 2 -~mu2 1 = - 1 3 6 0 0 /
2
2
2

.
-
)
(1) (2), ,
,
1
1
0 - = Wj

- =-5
)

= Mg

1
= // Mgs .
2

5=

= 40 m
2 8

74

5.23

(5.8) (5.9) ( 156
),
3
[ =
=-6mIs
(-) [

m + 3m

.
,

2 =
5.24

2m

= 6 mis
m + 3m

)


m,ux -m2v7

= [mx + m2p

]]-22
mx + m2

= -Q,33mIs

(-)
m 2 .
)

\
L100% = -2
<*

5.25

-2

100% = 98 %

1
2
1 m v2
~,,
+
7 7
2
2

mx-m2
,
mx + m2

mx - m2

m,1 +m
' ' "7
2

m2 =

mx

= 0,5 kg

mx - m2
=

3 mx+m2
m2 = 2 mx = 2 kg

15

5.26
(+)
*

>

,'
4!

,'
!

, .
:

mxuj -m2u2 = -mxvx + m2o2

1

,2

(1)
1

-mxux +~m2v2 = 2 ~ +-m2u2

,2

(2)

(1)

{+')=2(2'

+ 2)

(3)

(2)

mx (; - '2 )= 2 (22 - 2 )

(4)

(4) (3)

- = 2-2

2=-+2

(5)

2 (1)
=
= S m / s
mx + m2
(5)

2 =\ mis
5.27

/2
.
m
.

76

5.28

mn
(1 ) m ,
(1 + 1 )
2m,,
(2 + 2 ) 4 mn
(5.8) ,
,
'

m.-m.

\
m + mn

m - 2 m n f
=-

mn + 2mn

m - 4 mn
3,
, =
mn+4mn
5

,
'100% =

~
100% = 100%
1

1
1
2
m, m
:,
, 2
2
100% =

mux

y~

100 % = 88,9 %
2

~m n v x
2

1 3, 2
1
2
*,
ml 2
2 VI 5 J
1 ,
^ 100 % =
100 % = 64 %

1 mnv\
2

77

5.29

)
V
.

V Vx
Vy y (. 5.7).
, ,

"

^
y

m,y, =(m, +m2)Vx

m2v2 =(ml +m2)Vy

Vy =

mx + m2

m 2

m , + m

,
\2

\\

V -

Kmx+m2j

m \2
2 2

= 6 mis

ytnx + m2 j

, ,

m2u 2
m, + m2

m2u2
mxv{

3
4

m, + m2
)

2 1
2
-mxux +m2u2 = - 1 7 4 J
yZ

78

5.30

-

mo j = MV + mu2

(1)

(2)

- (1)
(2)

0 - ~ MV2 - -Mgh - -Mgl( 1 - )

= 1

2gl

= 0,516

5.31

= + u
( )

1 = + u = 25 km/ h,
,

-u = \5 km! h

=tx+t2 =

= 2,56 h
2

79

5.32

u
'
,


=u+

5.33

= / 2 + '2

= - = -

mu = (m + M)V
)

500 mis

m
- = 2m! s
m+

'

' = -u

'2 = -u

V' = V-u

'

m ' + '2 =(m + M)V

m(v ) Mu = (m + M)(F -u) ,

80

 -
5.34

+ x2m2 +
15
X

cm =

ml + m2 + mi

yxmx +y2m2+yimi

_9

m, + m2 + m3

5.35

m,
- - -

yc

y (m)

-C~^

m2

- - - -

3 x(m)

(0, 0)
(d, 0)

-

~cT

dm

r
=4,46x105m
m r + mH


1500 .
5.36

'
s/2
-
.

0
C
.

.
.

S
+ ms
m

cm

(1)

+m
81

' dj

= V

+ md
V
+
4-

(1) (2)

+ ms

d -f~ + md

+ m,

+m

2y

, m s
= 2m
+m

'

- .
.

() = - m

(3)

.
(3)
0 = m

(4)

d .
(4) d =

5.37

jflS
= 2m.
m+

F =u

F =

dt

82

= 140000

= = 14 mis2.

5.38

F =

dt
u

dm
=
dt

F =

dm , .
=
= 40 kg / s .
d t u

Doppler
5.39

f -~
JA ~

Js

fs .
9
/
r
J A = J s

10

5.40

/ =
10

, = - 3 4 m i s .
10

-,

, us
fs .
,

(1) (2)

+ ,
/
+
- =

f ~ f

/+

83

= ,9 m s

(2)

 (1)

/ j = / i

<ZJ

47WZ.

5.41

'

.

' . 1
,

,
, ,
1
2 1 . 1
,

.
1

2 , .

.
'

mv, = mv[ + mx>\

1 = , + 2

, , ,
'2
.

2 = [2 + '2 + 2['2
', 2

84

(1)


1
,2 1
2
2

mu, = mu',
+ mu'-,
1
2
2

2 = '2 + '22

(2)

(1) (2)
= 0

= 90"
5.42

)


mu = (in + m)v

/
V=

xsumxsuuo

M V

(1)

m+

-
(1)
(2)
1
0 --{m + M)V2 =Wj

(2)

wxm

mu
[m +
\m +
2
m2 2

= - - 2

max

= 0,1 m

K(m + M)

1
,

U ~

^max

85

mv--^Kxl

100% = ^
<*

5.43

1
2
mu
2

-100% = 95%

mu = (m + M)V
= m + V
(1)
m
-
(I) (II)
()
()

0 -^(m

+ )2

u=o

= ~(m + M)gh = -{m + Mf)gl( 1 - )

V = A /2g/(l - )

(1)
u=

m + M

si2gl(\-)
m

(I)


=K,=jmu
E,.

m+M

1
= - m
V

y]2gl(\-<wve)

86

(m + M ) 2
m

gliX-)



= U = (m + M)gh = (m + M)gl( 1 - )

\
5.44

(m + )2

- )-(m

+ M)gl(\ - ) = 255 J

2 = (m, + m2)V

V=

m] + m2

(I) (II)

o - i ( m , + m ; ) r 2 =w + w,
W
w

= -(W1

W3 = -3s

+ m2 )gm<P

- - Kns = - (w, + m2 ^
1/

I m,1 +
2

m, m m+ m

2j

= -(w, + m2 )g s- (m, + m2 )g

m22o

s=

2 (m, + m2 )2 g( + )

87

= 1,8 m

wx

= (ml + m2 ) - 250
3 = = \mx + m2 )gauv<p = 250
wx = 3

5.45

-
1 (I)
(II)

>

h,

-mu =W.
2

'

= % ^

1
2
mu = m g s 1

h2\

>'

u = J.2^7{



mu = 2mV

g g

5,

-
(III) (IV)

0 - - 2 mV2 =+
2

Ww =2mg (s-s,)
W~ = -3( - 5,) = -(

- 5,) = - 2mgauv(p{s - 5,)

88

g w

m-

5,

2mg(s - sl)- 2mgauv(p{s - Sj)

+ 27^(5-5,)

2avv(p(s-sl)

13

)


.

= mgh 1 + mgh2 = mg[s + (s- .,)] = 34 J

= 0

=^-2^=347
5.46

-

.

.

.
y2

2 =

m+M

yx=H -y2 =

= m
m+M
m+M

89

5.47

)

-
mi (3)
(4)
1
2
W,
0 m,v,
1 1
2
W3 = -3jc : -/uKnx = -JuKmlgx

(1)

m,

(2)

m, m,

-~

m,

,
,2

(3)

= ~MK\gx

4 =

m2 ,
, m,

m1l - m 2 , = ^,, =
, - -
m{ + m2
3

(4)

m, m,

m,

m2

, - -2>[ = -S^jY/J^gx
[)

- m
(1) (2)
-^
fV3 = -3x = -

W3

= - KmAgx

1
1
2
m,u,
-m,v
1 1
2
2

^k/ZMkgx]

0 = ^/^^^

~~^o

90

-Km\gx
= ~&
= 10 mis

m2

~7
m] + m 2

= |3/2^^ =

- m 2
(3) (4)
0--mu'2
W3 = -3s = -2$

5.48

1
2

m2u2

=W^

= - Km2gx
ji
s =-
2
/"^g

=-m2gs

= 4 = 4m

- 1
(I) (II)

Wwi = ^

1
,
mxux = mlgl

= ]2g I

91

, -m2

= ,1 = - J

mx+m2

2m

=
, =

mx+ m2

[
1 .
- 1
(III) (IV)

0-{,<=

Ww] = -^

S,

,
[J2 = -^

s{ =

2 gW

I =,1 m
=

2 4

2
,,
F

& = w2,

= &
rn2gW<p

2
$ 2 .
- 2
(III) (IV).

0-i

92

wi = m iS s 2

1
- m2o2 = 2

~2mi

)


-

.

~ (mB

1 r.

2+-^i -~52+*,)

\2

s 2 =0,lV5m

5.49

1 1
2
s2 + Kx2 - (s 2 + x,)

+ m\

V.

- = 5 m/s

mB +mx

( - 2)

.
(mB + mx)V = (mB + mx+m2

)V

mB +m,

V = 1 m/s
mB + ml + m2

.
Q = ^mB2B -^(mB+m

+m2)V2

93

= 247,5 J

)
( - )
2 .

3 = = { + W, ) g

=5m/s1

a=-f=
+ mx)

\mB + m,)

V = V - atx

tx =V-V = 0,85

1 ,
s = Vt,1 a t , = 2,4m
2 '
2

2.
2 t] , ,

1,2
2

s=atx

, 3
m2

= =

u(mR+m,)g
,
,7
= 1,25 mis
m2

s' = 0,4 m

As = s-s' = 2m
5.50

2)

2 = 2 - ,
^
-,

94

.
5.51

f
A

- rf

(1)

f ~ fs
-
fs

f = fAX =603,5

1 = 4 0 m / s .

d = atx

A1 =atl

/(Hz)

a = ^ - = 2m/s2
2d
(1) = at

fA

r

fA ~

u + at
fs

t (s)

a
^

fA~ f s

fA =

5.52

5.53

fs =415 Hz

Av fA ,
fs vs
fA =

fs
+

95

o s =-

fA-fs
- = 18,9 m/s
fA

5, = 500 m s2 = 2000 m .

5, = vAtl
s,
s2

,
us

s2 = ust\

s.
s2

, = , - = 4,72m/s

~vs

=355//

96

6.1

.

.

6.2

6.3

, '
, 1 0 . ,
c, ,
.

6.4

()

6.5

'
,
.
[ Lorentz
At =

, '

F?

. ( '
)].
6.6

.

.

6.7

()

6.8

()

97

6.9

600m

.

0,99 c .

6.10

u
' . ,

' + u
,

1+

6.11

u = 0
u 0

=c

= '
> '
=

+u
c+u
=
=c
. u ,
u

I
C

I
C

6.12

(), ().

6.13

y .

.

6.14

. '
.
, ,
.

6.15

mc 2
.
2

J\-o /c

. ,

98

 ,
.
6.16

(6.15) (6.16)

c .

6.17

()
.

6.18

()

6.19

vi/nvnv

.

l = \0m
/0 = 2 0 m .
I /0

I = l0 J 1

( )

I2
u = c 1 - = 0,87 c
V

6.20

At =

6.21

In

f?

=35,5 min

At0 = 1 h

At = 2 h

99

( )

 /0 At

, '" :

At =

( )

*-

6.22

At At0.
/n

At. =

f
At At0
/

At - At,

5-100% =

Atn

-1 100% = 15,5%

3.23

= mc" = 9 x 1 0 J

6.24

To E0=mc2

= 0,5 c
=-

mc2
1-

mc2
/1-0,5 2

= -

= , mC
-mc2
2
Vl-0,5

=1,4X10 1 9 J

100

6.25

JYIQ2
/TIC2
= , / = =
, /
= . mc2

(0,511 MeV)

m 2

I
j)

s,
(0.99c)'

I
L

= 0,582Me V
m c 2
=
'
\2
(0.9c)'

= 2,45 MeV

6.26

= 4 ^ = =

"

'

= 367fon
7

i-0,8c
c

7 =7
' =
MX
' = ,

0,8cx
= ,

f?

6.27

= 1,28 ms

, ,

/ = /0 J 1

/ =

u=-

(1) (2)

ut = /0J 1 -

101

(1)
(2)

6.28

u = l0c ,
=
= 0,083c
2 2
0 +/q

At =

Atn

( )

f?

( At At0 )
At0 = AtJ 1 = 99,87 100

5 .
5

2 6 = 64
1000
50
50 2 51 .
6.29

~- = 0,8c
+ 0,6c
'
- = 0,946c

, 0,6c,

' =

\ ~
c

6.30

l+"'^0,8c
c

.

.
~ (mp + mn - md)c2

102

= 3 , 5 6 4 x l 0 ~ 1 3 J = 2,22MeV

6.31

At
u At0

,

At = ,
f

Atn

( )

u=c|l=

At2
At

103

2,78x10 8 mis

7.1

,
,

.

7.2

. ,
quantum .

7.3

, ,
.

7.4

. .
.

7.5

7.6

(), ().

7.7

(), (), ().

Compton
7.8

104

..

7.9

)
Compton

.
)
,

he
,.
=

he !-, ,

.
- = hc = >
rhc

,;
(+ )

(1)

, ,

(2)

(1) (2) > 2

<2
7.10

().

7.11

h
,
,
,
yllmK

= = ,

-
- .
7.12

7.13

()

()
()
(), ().

7.14

105

7.15

Einstein
\ -h/-
2=/2-

7.16

=^ ~
/L

= hfx - = -

19
c = 0,2861 10~ J = 0,18eF

Einstein
-2=}-
2

7.17

^ mu=
,2
2

eF0=/:

= /-

7.18

he

ncicin-19y J = \,3eV
2,0575xl0~'

K = hf-

he

he ^rr
=~.
= 13V
Ae e

hfmm
he
^max
l,78eF

hfmm
he

^min
3>,\eV

. .

106

7.19

eV0=K

eV0 =
he

eV^ = --

he

7.20

= /-
=

he
eV0=l,82eV

' =

he

eV^ +

= 382 nm

hf0 = = 37,11 x 1 (20 J

= /- = \,2eV
7.21

At = 0,1s

= At.

=

2 = r2PAt

4 kR2
4R

2:
:= E L = ^ L = a P A a = 6 0 3 x l 0 l 3

hf
1.22

he

4R he

=.

pe = meu

= mev

h
= 3,64 nm
mev

.
7.23

= 2.
,
( - )

107

=
1

= 2_
At At'

.

, At At

Ft=N&t^

= N2p
= 5 x 1026 / s

= - ^ =
2

7.24

At

2k

K^hf-
V0 ()


eV0 =

he

7.25

eV0 =hf -

V0 =

= 1,2 V

hf>

he

-^

= = 4,6 x 1 (7 m = 460 nm

7.26

= -

eVl=K]

" ^ ~

108

eVx =

he

he

eVx = 3,31210~19 J = 2,01eV

eV2 = hf2 -

2=^-
2

V2 2 = - - ^ = 4,47V
2 e

hf -> 0

f - ~

/ 0 = = 510 14

Compton
7.27

'
,

' - = ( - )
mc

7.28

' = + 1 ( - )
mc

^? = 30

' = 2,7 pm

= 60

= 3,6 pm

' = + ( - )
mec
= 180

' = 1,49x10~ m

(1
AE = hf'-hf = hc - - = -41 4/-?
,2' 2 ,

109

7.29

E = hf =

= = 6,2 10 ~12 m

h
{[-)
mc

'-

' =

mec

( )

' = 8,610~12 m

= 90

( - )

h
( - )
mc

" = +

= 60

" = 7,410

tie
" = hf = = 2,68 "14 J = 0,168 Me F
A

7.30

de Broglie '

, = 3,6xlO~ 10 m

)
)

A= 2xl0
= 1,65 10 ~i9m

110

7.31

eV = K = ^
2m

= \j2meV
de Broglie

h= , h
3 =
= 1 0 ,m
V2meV
7.32

he

= hf = = 1987,8xl0~ 19 J = \2A2eV
)

de Broglie

pe=~

Pe

^
h^
1
=m ] =-&- = = 2,41 "19 J = \,5eV

2me

2Aeme

7.33

>
2

,>

100

= = m
100
100

mu

111

> 0,96 m

7.34

7.35

At = 10 Ss .
h

AEAt >
2

h
>

> 0,66x10~ eV
2
h
=

h

= mo

3 =
mv.

de Broglie

>
2

= =

mAux

mvx

>
2

>

-^2

112

>
mvx
2

22

39

49

72

97

104


,
.
, .
7 1129 15/21
1946 ( 1946, 108, ).

,
(copyright), ,
.

' 2010 - : 66000 - . : 63/18-2-2010

- : ....