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Issues and trends Chapter 1 Section: Questions 1. 1.

Which following approach was taken when legislation to establish Medicare in Canada was introduced? A. B. C. D. Restructuring of the existing health care system. Creation of a new two-tiered health care system. Correct Provision of a financing framework for the existing health care system. Maintaining the financing and existing health care system as the status quo.

The Canadian legislation to establish Medicare in Canada was simply an overlay to the existing health care system, providing a framework for financing it. 2. 2. In the 1930s, approximately which percentage of patients was able to pay in full for their hospitalization? A. B. C. D. 3540% 4550% Correct 5560% 6570%

During the 1930s, approximately 55 to 60% of patients were able to pay in full for their hospitalization. 3. 3. In 1937, where did Canada rank among developed nations in relation to infant mortality? A. B. C. D. 11th 14th Correct 17th 20th

Issues and trends In 1937, Canada ranked 17th in infant mortality among developed nations. 4. 4. Which one of the following is recognized as the first known voluntary plan for prepayment of hospital care in Canada? A. B. C. D. Blue Cross Maritime Medical Manitoba Hospital Medical Association Correct Edmonton Group Hospitalization Plan

The first known voluntary plan for prepayment of hospital care in Canada was the Edmonton Group Hospitalization Plan, introduced by the four major general hospitals in that city in 1934. 5. 5. In the 1940s, the Canadian Medical Association (CMA) endorsed the principles of health insurance. They also indicated a preference for which type of payment? A. B. C. D. Capitation salary Correct Fee for service Salary method No payment preference was endorsed by the CMA.

The Canadian Medical Association endorsed the principles of health insurance and it preferred fee for service as the method of payment for medical services, but indicated that capitation and a salary method might also be needed. 6. 6. In what year was the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act passed? A. B. C. D. 1955 Correct 1957 1959 1961

Although the details were agreed upon in 1955, the act was not passed until 1957.

Issues and trends 7. 7. What was the basis for the 1962 Saskatchewan physicians' strike that lasted 23 days? A. B. C. D. Inadequate hospital working conditions and supplies Payment discrepancies throughout the province Lack of inclusion of medical care in the health insurance plan Correct Opposition to the provincial program of including medical care in the health insurance plan

Physicians opposed Saskatchewan's insurance plan, which included medical care. The resulting 1962 strike lasted 23 days and will long be remembered. 8. 8. Which act was established in 1968 to provide reimbursement to provincial health insurance plans for physicians' services? A. B. C. D. The Canada Health Act Correct The Medical Care Act The Fiscal Arrangements and Financing Act The Diagnostic and Medical Services Care Act

In 1968, the federal Medical Care Act was established to provide reimbursement to provincial health insurance plans for physicians' services. 9. 9. Which province was last to agree to the act that was established to reimburse provincial health insurance plans for physicians' services? A. B. C. D. Ontario Correct New Brunswick Newfoundland British Columbia

New Brunswick was the last province to agree to the act that was established to reimburse provincial health insurance plans for physicians' services, in 1971. 10. 10.

Issues and trends The Canada Health Act opened the door to which one of the following? A. B. C. D. Two-tiered medical insurance plans Guidelines for consistency in extra billing Correct Federal funding for services provided by health practitioners Consistent salary transfer payments for all physician provided services

The Canada Health Act opened the door for federal funding of services provided by health practitioners, thus provincial health plans began including specialized nursing services that were eligible for reimbursement for the first time.

Chapter 2

Section: Questions 1. 1. Who has been identified as the first laywoman to care for the sick in their homes in the community? A. B. C. D. Correct Marie Rollet Louise Hbert Duchesse dAiguillon Marie Guenet de St. Ignace

The first laywoman who cared for the sick in homes in the community was Marie Rollet, married to the surgeon-apothecary Louis Hbert, who emigrated from France. 2. 2. The Aboriginal peoples of Canada shared health knowledge with the settlers, including the information that which following food source is a rich source of Vitamin C during the long winter months? A. B. C. Oranges Ice smelts Correct Evergreen trees

Issues and trends

D.

Leaves from alder bushes

Settlers learned from the Aboriginal peoples the value of evergreen trees as a source of Vitamin C during the long winter months. 3. 3. Who were considered to be the first visiting nurses in Canada? A. B. C. D. The Sairey Gamp Group Correct Les Soeurs Grises (the Grey Nuns) The Sisters of Charity of Quebec Associates of Notre Dame of Montreal

The Sisters of Charity of Montreal or les Soeurs Grises (the Grey Nuns), the nursing order of nuns founded in 1736, are considered to be the first visiting nurses in Canada. 4. 4. In 1832, which epidemic wiped out one-seventh of the population of Montreal, or 4000 people? A. B. C. D. Polio Correct Cholera Smallpox Bubonic plague

In 1832, an epidemic of cholera wiped out one-seventh of the population of Montreal. 5. 5. Florence Nightingale was influential worldwide and is credited with which following health care innovation? A. B. C. D. Sterile technique Use of antibiotics and herbal remedies Standards and regulations for medical education Correct An organized system of nursing education for lay nurses

Issues and trends It is important to recognize the profound influence that Florence Nightingale had on the initiation of an organized system of nursing education for lay nurses throughout the world. 6. 6. Who was the first president of the first organization for professional nursing standards, named the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the United States and Canada? A. B. C. D. Lavinia Dock Adelaide Nutting Correct Isabel Hampton Robb Ethel Bedford-Fenwick

The American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the United States and Canada was the forerunner of the National League for Nursing, and its first president was Isabel Hampton Robb. 7. 7. The organization the Nurses' Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada first directed their efforts at which of the following? A. B. C. D. Establishing the American Journal of Nursing Lobbying for health care legislation for equal access to health care services Pressing for legislation to ensure the registration of all nurses Correct Efforts to improve the quality of educational programs for nurses

The Nurses' Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada first directed its efforts at improving the quality of educational programs, and then directed its efforts at pressing for legislation to ensure registration of nurses. 8. 8. Which hospital is credited with the first alumnae association in Canada for nurses? A. B. C. Montreal General Hospital Correct Toronto General Hospital Les Htels-Dieu of New France

Issues and trends

D.

St. Joseph de l'Htel-Dieu de Montral

The first alumnae association in Canada was founded in 1894 at the Toronto General Hospital. 9. 9. The significance of nurses' service during World War I led to the establishment of which organization? A. B. C. D. Field Nursing Association Veterans Affairs of Canada Canadian Nurses Association Correct Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps

The significance of nurses' service during World War I led to the establishment of a permanent corps of nursing sisters by the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps (RCAMC). 10. 10. The twentieth century brought with it new ideas about health, including the importance of good nutritional practices. Which population group was the primary focus for this information? A. B. C. D. Soldiers Immigrants Nurses and health care workers Correct Young children and pregnant women

It was realized that although good nutritional practices were important for all citizens, they were most essential to the health of young children and pregnant women. Chapter 3

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