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ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
Archimedes Principle states that the buoyant force has a magnitude equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body and is directed vertically upward. Buoyant force is a force that results from a floating or submerged body in a fluid. The force results from different pressures on the top and bottom of the object.
ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
The force of the fluid is vertically upward and is known as the Buoyant Force (Upthrust Force). The force is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. The buoyant forces acts through the centroid of the displaced volume
Stable Equilibrium:
Unstable Equilibrium:
METACENTRE AND METACENTRIC HEIGHT Metacentre point (M): This point, about which the body starts oscillating. Metacentric Height (GM) : Is the distance between the centre of gravity of floating body and the metacentre.
Stable
Unstable
OB = 0.5
V b.d
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Find V from Archimedes Principle mg=V g, so V = m/ where: m is the total mass of pontoon is the density of water
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PURPOSE:
PART (1) : for unloaded and for loaded pontoon. PART (2) : when changing the center of gravity of the pontoon.
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EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP:
The set up consists of a small water tank having transparent side walls in which a small ship model is floated, the weight of the model can be changed by adding or removing weights. Adjustable mass is used for tilting the ship, plump line is attached to the mast to measure the tilting angle.
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PROCEDURE
PART (1) : Determination of floatation characteristic for unloaded and for loaded pontoon:
1. Assemble the pontoon by positioning the bridge piece and mast. 2. Weigh the pontoon and determine the height of its center of gravity up the line of the mast. 3. Fill the hydraulic bench measuring tank with water and float the pontoon in it, then ensure that the plumb line on the zero mark. 4. Apply a weight of 50 g on the bridge piece loading pin then measure and record the angle of tilting and the value of applied weight
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PROCEDURE
5. Repeat step 4 for different weights; 100, 150, & 200 g, and take the corresponding angle of tilting. 6. Repeat the above procedure with increasing the bottom loading by 2000 gm and 4000 gm. 7. Record the results in the table. 8. Calculate GM practically where , W has three cases. 9. Draw a relationship between (x-axis) and GM (y-axis), then obtain GM when equals zero. 10. Calculate GM theoretically.
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Pontoon measurement: - Pontoon dimension : Depth (D) = 170 mm Length (L) = 380 mm, Width (W) = 250 mm. -The height of the center of gravity of the pontoon is OGvm = 125 mm from outer surface of vessel base. - The balance weight is placed at x = 123 mm from pontoon center line. - The weight of the pontoon and the mast Wvm = 3000 gm
Bilge Weight Wb (gm) 0.00 Off balance wt. P (gm) 50 100 Mean Def. (degree) Exp. GM (mm) GM at =0 from graph BM (mm) OB (mm) Theo. GM (mm)
150
200 2000.00 x1 = 30 50 100
150
200 4000.00 x1 = 37.5 100 150 200
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250
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QUESTIONS
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