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ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING


Thc trng kinh nghim trin khai ERP ca Vinamilk

2010

[VCU L1004 NHM 4]

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING


NI DUNG I. Tng quan v ERP ...................................................................................2 1. Khi nim:............................................................................................2 2. Li ch..................................................................................................3 II. Thc trng trin khai ERP: ......................................................................5 1. Tng quan ti Vit Nam: .......................................................................5 2. Ti cng ty Vinamilk ............................................................................8 2.1 2.2 2.3 III. Trc khi trin khai ERP: ...............................................................8 Trin khai ERP ...............................................................................9 Nhn xt:...................................................................................... 11

Bi hc: .............................................................................................. 13

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I. Tng quan v ERP

1. Khi nim: Theo Travis Anderegg (2000): H thng Hoch nh Ngun lc Doanh nghip- Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) l mt thut ng c dng lin n n mt lot hot ng ca doanh nghip, do phn mm my tnh h tr , gip cho cng ty qun l cc hot ng ch cht ca n, bao gm: k ton, phntch ti chnh, qun l mua hng, qun l tn kho, hoch nh v qun l sn xut, qun l hu cn, qun l quan h vi khch hng, v.v Mc tiu tng qut ca h thng ny l m bo cc ngun lc thch hp ca doanhnghip nh nhn lc, vt t, my mc v tin bc c sn vi s lng khi cn, bn chc s dng cc cng c hoch nh v ln k hoch. Mt phn mm ERP l mt phn mm my tnh cho php doanh nghip cung cp v tng hp s liu ca nhiu hot ng ring r khc nhau t c mc tiu trn. c trng ca phn mm ERP l c cu trc phn h (module). Phn mm c cu trc phn h l mt tp hp gm nhiu phn mm ring l, mi phn mm c mt chc nng ring. Tng phn h c th hot ng c lp nhng do bn cht ca h thng ERP, chng kt ni vi nhau t ng chia s thng tin vi cc phn h khc nhau nhm to nn mt h thng mnh hn. Cc phn h c bn ca mt phn mm ERP in hnh c th nh sau: * K ton: Phn h ny cng c th chia thnh nhiu phn h na nh s ci, cng n phi thu, cng n phi tr, ti sn c nh, qun l tin mt, danh mc u t, v.v Cc phn h k ton l nn tng ca mt phn mm ERP * Mua hng

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* Kho * Sn xut * Bn hng * Qun l nhn s v tnh lng * Qun l quan h vi khch hng, c ng, v cng chng. Cc phn mm ERP c xy dng thng hp nht cc thng l tt nht nhiu hot ng tc nghip khc nhau ca cng ty. Do , cng ty c th d dng p dng cc thng l tt nht thng qua vic ci t mt h thng ERP.

2. Li ch 2.1 Tip cn thng tin qun tr ng tin cy ERP gip cc nh qun l d dng tip cn cc thng tin qun tr ng tin cy c th a ra cc quyt nh da trn c s c y thng tin.Nu khng c h thng ERP, mt cn b qun l cp cao phi da vo nhiu n gun c c thng tin cn thit dng cho vic phn tch tnh hnh ti chnh v hot ng ca cng ty. Vi h thng ERP, iu ny c th c thc hin mt cch d dng bng cch s dng mt phn mm ng dng v trong thi gian thc. Ngoi ra, h thng ERP tp trung cc d liu t mi phn h vo mt c s qun l d liu chung gip cho cc phn h ring bit c th chia s thng tin vi nhau mt cch d dng. Hn na, h thng ERP khng ch thu thp v x l khi lng ln cc giao dch hng ngy m cn nhanh chng lp ra cc phn tch phc tp v cc bo co a dng.

2.2 Cng tc k ton chnh xc hn Phn mm k ton hoc phn h k ton ca phn mm ERP gip cc

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cng ty gim bt nhng sai st m nhn vin thng mc phi trong cch hch ton th cng. Phn h k ton cng gip cc nhn vin kim ton ni b v cc cn b qun l cao cp kim tra tnh chnh xc ca cc ti khon. Hn na, mt phn h k ton c thit k tt s h tr cc qui trnh k ton v cc bin php kim sot ni b cht lng. 2.3 Ci tin qun l hng tn kho Phn h qun l hng tn kho trong phn mm ERP cho php cc cng ty theo di hng tn kho chnh xc v xc nh c mc hng tn kho ti u, nh m gim nhu cu vn lu ng v ng thi gip tng hiu qu sn xut. 2.4 Tng hiu qu sn xut Phn h hoch nh v qun l sn xut ca phn mm ERP gip cc cng ty nhn dng v loi b nhng yu t kpm hiu qu trong qui trnh sn xut. Chng hn, nu cng ty khng s dng phn mm ERP m ln k hoch sn xut mt cch th cng dn n tnh ton sai v iu ny gy nn cc im tht c chai trong qu trnh sn xut v do thng s dng khng ht cng sut ca my mc v cng nhn. Ni cch khc, iu ny c ngha l p dng mt h thng hoch nh sn xut hiu qu c th lm gim chi ph sn xut trn mi n v sn phm. 2.5 Qun l nhn s hiu qu hn Phn h qun l nhn s v tnh lng gip sp xp hp l cc qui trnh qun l nhn s v tnh lng, do lm gim chi ph qun l ng thi gim thiu cc sai st v gian ln trong h thng tnh lng.

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2.6 Cc qui trnh kinh doanh c xc nh r rng hn Cc phn h ERP thng yu cu cng ty xc nh r rng cc qui trnh kinh doanh gip phn cng cng vic c r rng v gim bt nhng ri rm v cc vn lin quan n cc hot ng tc nghip hng ngy ca cng ty.

II.

Thc trng trin khai ERP:

1. Tng quan ti Vit Nam: Vic trin khai ERP ti Vit Nam mi c ch nhiu t nm 2003. Theo tp ch PCWorld (Th gii Vi Tnh. S 87 thng 1.2008), cc cng ty trin khai sm cc d n ERP Vit Nam c th k n Bo Minh (trin khai nm 2003), Thp Min nam (nm 2003), Vinatex (nm 2003). Trong nhng nm tip theo cc d n ERP quy m ln c trin khai ng lot ti cc cng ty nh SaiGon Coop, Bibica, Savitex, Tng cng ty lng thc Min nam, Vinamilk. Cc doanh nghip nh hn cng bt u trin khai vi cc gii php ph hp vi quy m v c nhng doanh nghip to nhng quy trnh sn xut rt hin i nh ng dng ERP. Tuy nhin nhn chung cc doanh nghip Vit Nam vn ang giai on bt u trin khai cc ng dng ny, hu ht cc d n ch tp trung vo cc chc nng ti chnh k ton v mt phn h hu cn kho vn nh vt t, mua hng v rt t khi trin khai phn h sn xut. C l cn qu sm ni n s thnh cng hay tht bi ca cc d n ny. iu c th khng nh c, l: hnh trnh ng dng ERP ti Vit Nam khi ng v ngy mt si ni, nhn nhp. Th hin s d ERP cc cng ty trin khai ngy cng tng, s nh cung cp gii php ERP ngy cng tng. Nhng nm trc, th trng ERP dng nh ch c Oracle tn cng c th trng doanh nghip ln ln doanh nghip va v nh. Nm 2007 th trng ERP Vit Nam thc s tr nn si ng, nh du bng vic tham gia ca mt

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lot cc i gia ERP nh: SAP, Tectura, Atos, Soltius... Ngay c IBM, mt tn tui ln vn ch c bit n ti Vit Nam trong lnh vc phn cng cng c ng thi quay tr li th trng phn mm Vit Nam. chng minh ng cp l nh cung cp gii php qun tr doanh nghip s 1 th gii ca mnh, d vo sau, SAP nhanh chng k kt i tc chin lc vi chnh nhng nh t vn trin khai gii php ERP ca Oracle l FPT, Pythis... Bn cnh , SAP cn pht trin i tc o to ti Vit Nam v phi hp vi cc trng i hc cung cp ngun nhn lc cho pht trin lu di. Trong khi , vi nhiu n lc, nhng ti nay Microsoft vn cha c ch ng trn th trng ERP Vit Nam. Hnh 2.1 S lng cc d n ERP v ang c trin khai ti Vit Nam t 2004 n 2006 Ngun: Th gii Vi Tnh. S 87 thng 1.2008

Nm 2007 cng c xem l nm th thch i vi cc gii php ERP trong nc m in hnh l s ra i ca mt s tn tui kh ni ting v sn phm c t nhiu thnh cng. Theo ng Nguyn An Nhn, gim c Pythis, mc d

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th trng ERP si ng nhng thc t vn tim n rt nhiu ri ro v s thnh cng v mong manh v li, l vi cc nh trin khai. ng quan im , ng Nguyn Vn Khng, gim c EFFECT chia s: u t cho vic pht trin v trin khai sn phm ERP l mt bi ton mo him thc s. Nu doanh nghip ni a ch trng vo doanh thu t ERP th ngay trong mt vi nm u nguy c kinh doanh thua l l khng trnh khi. u t ERP l u t di hi, mt khc yu cu k thut ca h thng phn mm v yu cu trnh nhn lc trin khai ERP rt cao. Trong khi qu trnh trin khai ko di, lun tim tng nhiu ri ro nh: bin ng nhn s, khng lng trc phc tp ca d n... hay do khch hng qun l d n khng tt, khng thng nht gia cc phng, ban, trnh nhn s yu... u dn n nh tr d n ERP. Ngun: Th gii Vi Tnh. S 87 thng 1.2008 n thi im ny, c th thy, vic pht trin ERP ti Vit Nam l xu hng khng th quay ngc. Hn ai ht, cc doanh nghip, nht l cc tp on, cng ty ln phi chu sc p cnh tranh t gia nhp WTO v nim yt trn th trng chng khon hiu r s cn thit phi ng dng ERP. Ch nh v th, th trng ERP ti Vit Nam nm qua ghi nhn s chuyn bin ln t lng sang cht. Cc doanh nghip t nhn ln nh Kinh , Phong Ph, PV Drilling... nhp cuc vi cc hp ng ln ti hng triu USD v sn sng cho cuc i phu qun l. Theo ng Nguyn Ch c, tng gim c Exact Software,nhn chung nm qua, th trng ERP Vit Nam tng trng cao hu ht cc phn khc, c bit trong phn khc cc cng ty va v nh. Rt nhiu cng ty do thc c tm quan trng ca h thng ERP khng ch hoch ch ngn sch ln cho ERP m cn s dng cc dch v t vn chuyn nghip nhm lm tng hiu qu ng dng ERP. Ngun:Th gii Vi Tnh. S 87 thng 1.2008 ng Vng Qun Ngc, ph gim c trung tm Dch V FPT ERP th nhn

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xt: Vic nhp cuc hin nay hu ht ch tp trung nhm doanh nghip t nhn hoc c phn nim yt trn th trng chng khon. Vi l trnh c phn ha v nim yt nh hin nay chc chn th trng ERP s tip tc nng trong nm 2008, 2009, c bit vi cc doanh nghip thuc lnh vc c tnh cnh tranh cao nh: ngn hng, ti chnh, bo him, vin thng v mt s c quan chnh ph. Cn b Ninh Th T Uyn, gim c chi nhnh FAST ti TP.HCM th nhn nh: Doanh nghip va s l i tng quan tm nhiu nht v s lng cc doanh nghip ny pht trin nhanh v mnh nn nhu cu v ERP cao hn. Ngun: Th gii Vi Tnh. S 87 thng 1.2008 Tm li: C th thy, th trng ERP Vit Nam thc s si ng c bit l nm 2007. Nhn thc v tm quan trng ca ERP i vi hot ng qun l ca cc doanh nghip nng cao hn rt nhiu so vi cc nm trc. Thch thc ca hi nhp i hi cc cng ty phi thay i phong cch qun l da trn nn tng cng ngh.

2. Ti cng ty Vinamilk 2.1 Trc khi trin khai ERP : - Quy trnh qun l hng ha u vo v u ra cng hon ton th cng, iu ny dn n mt s hu qu nh lng hng tn kho qu nhiu trong khi sn phm u ra li tiu th qu chm hay vic s dng my mc v cng nhn u cha t ht cng sut tt c nhng iu ny u gy ra tn km trong c qu trnh sn xut ca Vinamilk, trc tip nh hng n li nhun ca cng ty. - Trong hch ton, k ton th cng Vinamilk vn thng gp phi nhng sai st m nhn vin thng mc phi. Vi hch ton theo kiu th cng, cc cn b qun l ca Vinamilk cng khng d dng g khi kim tra cc bc ton v cc quy trnh.

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- T nhng l do c th ny, Vinamilk tm gii php v khc phc mt cch c hiu qu tnh trng trn bng vic s dng h thng thng tin hoch nh ngun lc doanh nghip ERP.

2.2 Trin khai ERP a. Chun b c s h tng v nhn lc: Phng CNTT ca Vinamilk c thnh lp vi 26 nhn vin chia ra thnh nhiu nhm: nhm h tr my tnh, nhm mng, nhm my ch - c s d liu, nhm lp trnh v nhm h tr Solomon. Vinamilk hp tc vi IBM xy dng v trin khai c s h tng CNTT theo yu cu bao gm h thng my ch thuc dng IBM Blade Center System X (chy b vi x l intel); h thng lu tr SAN ca IBM DS8100 dung lng 10TB nng 1 tn, c iu khin bng 2 my ch IBM system p- Vinamilk l khch hng u tin ca IBM p dng h thng ny( ch ring h thng ny c chi ph ti 2,5 triu USD); h thng phc hi s c v phn mm qun l ng dng. b. Trin khai: Qu trnh trin khai ERP ti Vinamilk thc cht tri qua 3 t chnh Ngy 15 3 2005, H thng ERP s dng gii php Oracle E Business Suite ca Oracle do Pythis bt u trin khai gm cc phn h chnh l ti chnh - k ton, qun l mua sm - qun l bn hng, qun l sn xut v phn tch kt qu hot ng (Business Intelligence - BI). Cng vic chuyn giao cng ngh din ra trn ton cng ty c phn Sa Vit Nam - Vinamilk vi 13 a im, bao gm tr s chnh ti TP.HCM, x nghip kho vn v cc chi nhnh, nh my trn ton quc.Vic chia nh qu trnh gip cng ty tip cn h thng c d dng hn, cng cc bn lin quan gii quyt nhng vn pht sinh, gip

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cho cc t tip theo m rng thm qui m, p dng thm cc cng ngh k thut mi s gim thiu ri ro, sun s v thnh cng hn. Vinamilk hin ang ng dng ng thi ba gii php ERP quc t ca Oracle, SAP, v Microsoft. cc h thng ni trn c Vinamilk la chn cho tng yu cu c th, ty theo cc chc nng, c im ring ca tng h thng cho cc cng vic c th do c th tch hp v lm ch c 3 gii php ERP quc t ny v VINAMILK a ra c cc gii php tt nht nhm gip gii quyt bi ton kinh doanh c. Kt qu: Sau 8 thng vn hnh ERP trn ton cng ty, Vinamilk c th s b kt lun v hiu qu ng dng. H thng gip cng ty thc hin cht ch, trnh c ri ro trong cng tc k ton; vi s phn cp, phn quyn r rng, cng tc ti chnh - k ton thun li hn nhiu so vi trc y. Cc khu qun l kho hng, phn phi, iu hnh doanh nghip, quan h khch hng v sn xut c cng ty qun l tt hn, gim ng k ri ro; gia bn hng v phn phi c s nhp nhng, uyn chuyn hn; cc chc nng theo di u tin hnh theo thi gian thc. Trnh nhn vin CNTT ti Vinamilk c nng cao hn so vi trc. H tng CNTT c kin ton, ng b, chun ho v cng c. Cng ty cho bit t nm 2002 n nay, Vinamilk u t cho CNTT tng cng 4 triu USD (trong c phn ERP) v khng nh, nh c u t su, rng nn Vinamilk sc tip thu cc gii php ln. V c cu t chc ca cng ty, ngoi vic nng cao kin thc ca nhn vin, h thng p ng tt nhu cu ca ngi s dng. Vic qun l tr nn tp trung, xuyn sut, c s tha hng v kp thi. Ngay khi trin khai thnh cng h thng Microsoft Dynamics SL, Vinamilk ng thi a ERP v gii php bn hng bng PDA cho cc nh phn phi cng c nng lc qun l. c 33 nh phn phi (NPP) ca Vinamilk trn

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ton quc tham gia vo mng li trin khai ERP -PDA. D kin n cui 2007, con s ny s tng ln l 78 NPP . Vinamilk trin khai Microsoft Dynamics SL v Palm Z22 cho 10 NPP HN v 23 NPP ti TP.HCM. Mi su NPP khc khu vc ng Nam B ang trong giai on hon tt ci t phn mm. D kin, n cui nm nay, Vinamilk s trin khai xong phn mm cho 78 NPP v n thng 7 2008 l 187 NPP. Mng li cc NPP c Vinamilk tng lc s cn tip tc dc m rng

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2.3 Nhn xt: a. Kh khn: Tuy Pythis l mt doanh nghip chuyn cung cp cc gii php phn mm ti Vit Nam nhng kh nng p ng ca Pythis cho ton b qu trnh ERP ca Vinamilk l cha . C th thy, l nh cung cp hng u nhng ngun nhn lc, cng ngh v nng lc ca Pythis cng ch c hn. Tm ca Pythis c th l i tc chin lc ca Oracle ti Vit Nam nhng hon ton pht huy ht kh nng ca Oracle ti mt doanh nghip ln nh Vinamilk l cha th c. Do , Vinamilk mua c gii php phn mm ca Oracle v SAP hon thin hn kh nng qun l cng ngh mc cao. C th Vinamilk mun mua gii php ca Oracle cho cc nng lc qun l li v ring CRM ( Customer Relationship Management ) ca SAP cng c kh nng qun l khch hng mc cao nht. mt mc no , cc chc nng ERP ca Oracle mng CRM cha c pht huy, mt phn l do nng lc, nhn lc khng (m nguyn nhn chnh l do Pythis) iu ny khin cho chi ph dnh cho ERP ti Vinamilk li b i ln mt ln na. ng thi, kh nng ng b ha cho qua trnh qun l ca cc gii php cng b gim ng k. Nhng s liu t khch hng v nh cung cp a vo vn thng qua h

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thng nhp tay t cc nhn vin nghip v ca mnh nhn chng t ca nhn vin nghip v i tc. Do vy, c tr v thiu chnh xc. Chi ph u t cho ERP v a n vo hot ng hon chnh l tng i ln khng ch v nng lc phn cng, phn mm v c nng lc con ngi. H thng phn cng cn c u t ln c kh nng chy c tt c cc module. H thng phn mm th cng cn thng xuyn phi cp nht cc phin bn mi nht dng cho vic qun l mt cch hiu qu nht. Khi h thng phn cng v phn mm c th mua c th mt vn khc cn c nhc n nh l mt vn quan trng, then cht. l nng lc, nhn lc cn c s dng c h thng . Vic u t cho nhn lc khng phi ngy mt ngy hai m cn l mt qu trnh di. Vinamilk mun s dng h thng ERP th khng ch phi u t cho c s h tng m cn phi ch trng n ngun nhn lc c trnh trin khai h thng. Ngun nhn lc ny khng nhng phi am hiu v tnh hnh chung ca Vinamilk m cn phi kh nng vn hnh h thng. Mun vy th Vinamilk phi o to nhn lc trnh s dng h thng v thm vo l a nhn vin ca mnh thc hnh trn h thng tht s tch ly thm kinh nghim t c hiu qu cao nht khi s dng h thng. Phn trin khai CRM v distribution cho cc vendor l nhng module khc hn cc module trong core central m V inamilk mua. Nghip v vn ra kim sot th trng, kim sot nng l c nhn vin kinh doanh, kim sot cnh tranh ca i th.... iu y qu xa l vi cc nhn vin v cc nh t vn trin khai ERP thng thng Ngoi ra, im c bit ca Vinamilk l hin cng ty ang ng dng ng thi ba gii php ERP quc t ca Oracle, SAP, v Microsoft. Do , lm cch no kt hp c 3 gii php mt cch hin qu cng l mt thch thc.

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b. L do thnh cng: S cam kt v h tr mnh m ca ban lnh o Vinamilk - nh hng ng v i n cng Vinamilk phn cng i ng c chuyn mn tham gia tch cc vo d n i ng CNTT ca Vinamilk chuyn nghip, lm vic bi bn v qui c. Ngoi ra, d n cn c h tr bi h thng qun l sn xut ca Vinamilk, ca nh cung cp gii php l Oracle v nh t vn c lp l cng ty TNHH KPMG Kinh nghim chnh m Pythis chia s l cc bn tham gia (Pythis, Vinamilk, Oracle v c KPMG) cng xc nh r mc tiu nhng khng i qu chi tit vo nhng vn khng quan trng, ng thi lun lun c ngi ng ra gii quyt cc vn pht sinh

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III.

Bi hc: Cc doanh nghip thng gp phi nhng kh khn chnh lin quan n vic hc tip thu cng ngh; thay i quy trnh trong doanh nghip cho ph hp vi quy trnh phn mm; thay i c cu t chc ca cng ty. Do vy, mun trin khai ERP, doanh nghip cn c cn b c nng lc, dm chp nhn v bit cch thay i. Quan trng nht l s cam kt ca lnh o v nng lc qun l c cc thay i m ERP yu cu. H tng CNTT cn phi c ng b ha, chun ha v cng c. Cn c s hp tc h tr t cc i tc v nh t vn.

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