Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2010
Bi hc: .............................................................................................. 13
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1. Khi nim: Theo Travis Anderegg (2000): H thng Hoch nh Ngun lc Doanh nghip- Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) l mt thut ng c dng lin n n mt lot hot ng ca doanh nghip, do phn mm my tnh h tr , gip cho cng ty qun l cc hot ng ch cht ca n, bao gm: k ton, phntch ti chnh, qun l mua hng, qun l tn kho, hoch nh v qun l sn xut, qun l hu cn, qun l quan h vi khch hng, v.v Mc tiu tng qut ca h thng ny l m bo cc ngun lc thch hp ca doanhnghip nh nhn lc, vt t, my mc v tin bc c sn vi s lng khi cn, bn chc s dng cc cng c hoch nh v ln k hoch. Mt phn mm ERP l mt phn mm my tnh cho php doanh nghip cung cp v tng hp s liu ca nhiu hot ng ring r khc nhau t c mc tiu trn. c trng ca phn mm ERP l c cu trc phn h (module). Phn mm c cu trc phn h l mt tp hp gm nhiu phn mm ring l, mi phn mm c mt chc nng ring. Tng phn h c th hot ng c lp nhng do bn cht ca h thng ERP, chng kt ni vi nhau t ng chia s thng tin vi cc phn h khc nhau nhm to nn mt h thng mnh hn. Cc phn h c bn ca mt phn mm ERP in hnh c th nh sau: * K ton: Phn h ny cng c th chia thnh nhiu phn h na nh s ci, cng n phi thu, cng n phi tr, ti sn c nh, qun l tin mt, danh mc u t, v.v Cc phn h k ton l nn tng ca mt phn mm ERP * Mua hng
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2. Li ch 2.1 Tip cn thng tin qun tr ng tin cy ERP gip cc nh qun l d dng tip cn cc thng tin qun tr ng tin cy c th a ra cc quyt nh da trn c s c y thng tin.Nu khng c h thng ERP, mt cn b qun l cp cao phi da vo nhiu n gun c c thng tin cn thit dng cho vic phn tch tnh hnh ti chnh v hot ng ca cng ty. Vi h thng ERP, iu ny c th c thc hin mt cch d dng bng cch s dng mt phn mm ng dng v trong thi gian thc. Ngoi ra, h thng ERP tp trung cc d liu t mi phn h vo mt c s qun l d liu chung gip cho cc phn h ring bit c th chia s thng tin vi nhau mt cch d dng. Hn na, h thng ERP khng ch thu thp v x l khi lng ln cc giao dch hng ngy m cn nhanh chng lp ra cc phn tch phc tp v cc bo co a dng.
2.2 Cng tc k ton chnh xc hn Phn mm k ton hoc phn h k ton ca phn mm ERP gip cc
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II.
1. Tng quan ti Vit Nam: Vic trin khai ERP ti Vit Nam mi c ch nhiu t nm 2003. Theo tp ch PCWorld (Th gii Vi Tnh. S 87 thng 1.2008), cc cng ty trin khai sm cc d n ERP Vit Nam c th k n Bo Minh (trin khai nm 2003), Thp Min nam (nm 2003), Vinatex (nm 2003). Trong nhng nm tip theo cc d n ERP quy m ln c trin khai ng lot ti cc cng ty nh SaiGon Coop, Bibica, Savitex, Tng cng ty lng thc Min nam, Vinamilk. Cc doanh nghip nh hn cng bt u trin khai vi cc gii php ph hp vi quy m v c nhng doanh nghip to nhng quy trnh sn xut rt hin i nh ng dng ERP. Tuy nhin nhn chung cc doanh nghip Vit Nam vn ang giai on bt u trin khai cc ng dng ny, hu ht cc d n ch tp trung vo cc chc nng ti chnh k ton v mt phn h hu cn kho vn nh vt t, mua hng v rt t khi trin khai phn h sn xut. C l cn qu sm ni n s thnh cng hay tht bi ca cc d n ny. iu c th khng nh c, l: hnh trnh ng dng ERP ti Vit Nam khi ng v ngy mt si ni, nhn nhp. Th hin s d ERP cc cng ty trin khai ngy cng tng, s nh cung cp gii php ERP ngy cng tng. Nhng nm trc, th trng ERP dng nh ch c Oracle tn cng c th trng doanh nghip ln ln doanh nghip va v nh. Nm 2007 th trng ERP Vit Nam thc s tr nn si ng, nh du bng vic tham gia ca mt
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Nm 2007 cng c xem l nm th thch i vi cc gii php ERP trong nc m in hnh l s ra i ca mt s tn tui kh ni ting v sn phm c t nhiu thnh cng. Theo ng Nguyn An Nhn, gim c Pythis, mc d
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2. Ti cng ty Vinamilk 2.1 Trc khi trin khai ERP : - Quy trnh qun l hng ha u vo v u ra cng hon ton th cng, iu ny dn n mt s hu qu nh lng hng tn kho qu nhiu trong khi sn phm u ra li tiu th qu chm hay vic s dng my mc v cng nhn u cha t ht cng sut tt c nhng iu ny u gy ra tn km trong c qu trnh sn xut ca Vinamilk, trc tip nh hng n li nhun ca cng ty. - Trong hch ton, k ton th cng Vinamilk vn thng gp phi nhng sai st m nhn vin thng mc phi. Vi hch ton theo kiu th cng, cc cn b qun l ca Vinamilk cng khng d dng g khi kim tra cc bc ton v cc quy trnh.
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2.2 Trin khai ERP a. Chun b c s h tng v nhn lc: Phng CNTT ca Vinamilk c thnh lp vi 26 nhn vin chia ra thnh nhiu nhm: nhm h tr my tnh, nhm mng, nhm my ch - c s d liu, nhm lp trnh v nhm h tr Solomon. Vinamilk hp tc vi IBM xy dng v trin khai c s h tng CNTT theo yu cu bao gm h thng my ch thuc dng IBM Blade Center System X (chy b vi x l intel); h thng lu tr SAN ca IBM DS8100 dung lng 10TB nng 1 tn, c iu khin bng 2 my ch IBM system p- Vinamilk l khch hng u tin ca IBM p dng h thng ny( ch ring h thng ny c chi ph ti 2,5 triu USD); h thng phc hi s c v phn mm qun l ng dng. b. Trin khai: Qu trnh trin khai ERP ti Vinamilk thc cht tri qua 3 t chnh Ngy 15 3 2005, H thng ERP s dng gii php Oracle E Business Suite ca Oracle do Pythis bt u trin khai gm cc phn h chnh l ti chnh - k ton, qun l mua sm - qun l bn hng, qun l sn xut v phn tch kt qu hot ng (Business Intelligence - BI). Cng vic chuyn giao cng ngh din ra trn ton cng ty c phn Sa Vit Nam - Vinamilk vi 13 a im, bao gm tr s chnh ti TP.HCM, x nghip kho vn v cc chi nhnh, nh my trn ton quc.Vic chia nh qu trnh gip cng ty tip cn h thng c d dng hn, cng cc bn lin quan gii quyt nhng vn pht sinh, gip
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2.3 Nhn xt: a. Kh khn: Tuy Pythis l mt doanh nghip chuyn cung cp cc gii php phn mm ti Vit Nam nhng kh nng p ng ca Pythis cho ton b qu trnh ERP ca Vinamilk l cha . C th thy, l nh cung cp hng u nhng ngun nhn lc, cng ngh v nng lc ca Pythis cng ch c hn. Tm ca Pythis c th l i tc chin lc ca Oracle ti Vit Nam nhng hon ton pht huy ht kh nng ca Oracle ti mt doanh nghip ln nh Vinamilk l cha th c. Do , Vinamilk mua c gii php phn mm ca Oracle v SAP hon thin hn kh nng qun l cng ngh mc cao. C th Vinamilk mun mua gii php ca Oracle cho cc nng lc qun l li v ring CRM ( Customer Relationship Management ) ca SAP cng c kh nng qun l khch hng mc cao nht. mt mc no , cc chc nng ERP ca Oracle mng CRM cha c pht huy, mt phn l do nng lc, nhn lc khng (m nguyn nhn chnh l do Pythis) iu ny khin cho chi ph dnh cho ERP ti Vinamilk li b i ln mt ln na. ng thi, kh nng ng b ha cho qua trnh qun l ca cc gii php cng b gim ng k. Nhng s liu t khch hng v nh cung cp a vo vn thng qua h
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III.
Bi hc: Cc doanh nghip thng gp phi nhng kh khn chnh lin quan n vic hc tip thu cng ngh; thay i quy trnh trong doanh nghip cho ph hp vi quy trnh phn mm; thay i c cu t chc ca cng ty. Do vy, mun trin khai ERP, doanh nghip cn c cn b c nng lc, dm chp nhn v bit cch thay i. Quan trng nht l s cam kt ca lnh o v nng lc qun l c cc thay i m ERP yu cu. H tng CNTT cn phi c ng b ha, chun ha v cng c. Cn c s hp tc h tr t cc i tc v nh t vn.
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