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KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI

GROUPS: 1. ALMARETA HARASTI NURAINI (116120126) 2. AMANDA YUNIA ZAFARINA (116120129) 3. ABDUL FATAH AL LATIF (116120142) CLASS: SI-36-04

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI TELKOM

A.

Definition of Air Pressure

Air pressure is the force that works to move the mass of air in any given unit area. Measured using a barometer. Unit air pressure is millibars (mb). Line connecting the same places where the air pressure is called isobar. Air Pressure is the level of wetness in the air conditioning because the water is always contained in the form of water vapor. Content of water vapor in the warm air is more than the content of water vapor in the cold air. If the air contains a lot of water vapor is cooled the temperature down and the air can not hold anymore water vapor that much. Water vapor turns into water droplets. The air that contains as much water vapor to the air it contains is called saturated.

B.

Air Formation

AIR is formed from a mixture of gas needed by all plants and animals to live. When moving, the air pressing everything in their path, such as leaves rustled and kites held high. Air movement caused by the pressure of the wind is called. The air did not move too pressing. Earth is surrounded by a thick layer of air is 640 km. Although lightweight, the atmosphere is so thick that the ground surface pressing all objects with a force equal to the pressure of 10.4 m thick. We do not feel the pressure of air into your body as large as the pressure on the entire body, and fluid in the body is also pressing outward. Lower atmospheric pressure at high places. The air pressure in the aircraft at an altitude of about 16,000 m above ground level pressure at ground level only.

C.

Air Pressure Variation

The air pressure is limited by space and time. This means that at different times and places, the magnitude is different. The air pressure is growing vertically upward decrease. This is influenced by: o The composition of the constituent gases getting into the top dwindle. o The nature of air that can be compressed, the more gravitational force upon

the weaker. o Temperature variation vertically above the troposphere (> 32 km), so the

higher the temperature of the place has been rising. The air pressure in horizontal air pressure variations affected the temperature of the air, that the areas of high air temperatures will be low pressure and low air temperature areas of high pressure. The pattern of spread of horizontal air pressure is affected: o Latitude place. o The spread of land and sea. o Shifting the position of the sun yearly.

D.

Factors That Affect The Air Pressure

The factors that affect air pressure is as follows : a. The High Low

The higher the points, the thin layer of air and the more tenuous, consequently increasing the air pressure in the air somewhere is low. The pressure generally influenced by solar radiation. The area has a lot of sunshine and a low pressure area that gets little sunlight has high air pressure. Barometric pressure changes throughout the day somewhere. Barograph tool called barograf. In barograf air pressure throughout the day etched in the paper called barogram. If the result is read carefully, then the air pressure is highest at

10.00 (am) and at 22.00 (night) and low pressure occurred at 4:00 (am) and 16:00 (pm). b. Temperature

If the air temperature is high, the growing volume of air molecules, so that the air pressure is low, conversely if the air temperature to be small, then the air pressure is high.

E.

How to Measure The Air Pressures

Air pressure is measured by pressure force on the surface of a certain area, such as 1 cm2. Unit used is the atmosphere (atm), millimeters of mercury column (mmHg) or millibars (mbar). Air Pressure benchmark (often referred to normal air pressure) is the pressure of the column of air layers of Earth's atmosphere at high latitudes 450 and 00C temperatures. amount of air pressure is expressed as 1 atm. A pressure of 1 atm is equivalent to the pressure exerted by a column of mercury 760 mm high. in addition to atm pressure units or mmHg can and often expressed in units of kg/m2 Conversions between units of air pressure are as follows 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 14.7 psi = 1.013 mbar

Tools to measure air pressure is called a barometer. The air pressure decreases with increasing altitude (elevation or altitude). The relationship between air pressure with height can be seen in laplace equation as follows: H = k (1 + t) log (0/h) The relationship between air pressure with altitude was utilized in the design of a device for measuring the height of a place called the altimeter. The air pressure is affected by temperature.

F.

Type - Type of Air Humidity

Various kinds of humidity as follows:

1.

Relative humidity / relative is the ratio of water vapor in the air contained
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in the air at the same temperature. for example, at a temperature of 27 0 C, the air every 1 m up to load 25 grams of water vapor at the same temperature

there is 20 grams of water vapor, the moist air at the same time x 100% = 80%

2. 1 m 3.

Absolute humidity / absolute ie the number of grams of water vapor in the

example: 1 m3 of air temperature is 250 c there are 15 grams of water vapor the absolute humidity = 15 grams. if the same temperature, maximum air 1 m3 contains 18 grams of water vapor, the relative humidity = 15/18 x 100% = 83.33%. Control of temperature and relative humidity 1 is important in the preservation of library and archival collections can not be accepted because this level is a significant contribution to material damage.

G.

Cupping

One example of the application of this law bernaulli everyday life is the way treatment called "cupping". Cupping is a treatment technique by throwing dirty blood (harmful toxins) from the body through the surface of the skin, in fact it serves to remove the blood that has been damaged or oxidized because of the high oxidant in the body . Al Hijamah derived from the Arabic term: Hijama ( ) which means that the release of bad blood.

H.

Bernoullis Principle Air pressure has related with Bernoullis Principle.

Bernoulli's principle states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease inpressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. Bernoulli's principle is named after the Swiss scientist Daniel Bernoulli who published his principle in his

book Hydrodynamica in 1738. Bernoulli's principle can be applied to various types of fluid flow, resulting in what is loosely denoted as Bernoulli's equation. In fact, there are different forms of the Bernoulli equation for different types of flow. The simple form of Bernoulli's principle is valid for incompressible flows (e.g. most liquid flows) and also for compressible flows (e.g. gases) moving at low Mach numbers (usually less than 0.3). More advanced forms may in some cases be applied to compressible flows at higher Mach numbers (see the derivations of the Bernoulli equation). Bernoulli's principle can be derived from the principle of conservation of energy. This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of mechanical energy in a fluid along a streamline is the same at all points on that streamline. This requires that the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy remain constant. Thus an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs proportionately with an increase in both its dynamic pressure and kinetic energy, and a decrease in its static

pressure and potential energy. If the fluid is flowing out of a reservoir, the sum of all forms of energy is the same on all streamlines because in a reservoir the energy per unit volume (the sum of pressure and gravitational potential g h) is the same everywhere. Bernoulli's principle can also be derived directly from Newton's 2nd law. If a small volume of fluid is flowing horizontally from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, then there is more pressure behind than in front. This gives a net force on the volume, accelerating it along the streamline.

Fluid particles are subject only to pressure and their own weight. If a fluid is flowing horizontally and along a section of a streamline, where the speed increases it can only be because the fluid on that section has moved from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure; and if its speed decreases, it can only be because it has moved from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. Consequently, within a fluid flowing horizontally, the highest speed occurs where the pressure is lowest, and the lowest speed occurs where the pressure is highest. I. Daniel Bernoullis Profile

Daniel Bernoulli 8 February 170017 March 1782) Was a Swiss mathematician and physicist and was one of the many prominent

mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He is particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to mechanics, especially fluid mechanics, and for his pioneering work in probability and statistics. Bernoulli's work is still studied at length by many schools of science throughout the world. Daniel Bernoulli was born in Groningen, in the Netherlands, into a family of distinguished mathematicians. The Bernoulli family came originally from Antwerp, at that time in the Spanish Netherlands, but emigrated to escape the Spanish persecution of the Huguenots. After a brief period in Frankfurt the family moved to Basel, in Switzerland. Daniel was the son of Johann Bernoulli (one of the "early developers"

of calculus), nephew of Jakob Bernoulli (who "was the first to discover thetheory of

probability"), and older brother of Johann II. Daniel Bernoulli was described by W. W. Rouse Ball as "by far the ablest of the younger Bernoullis". He is said to have had a bad relationship with his father, Johann. Upon both of them entering and tying for first place in a scientific contest at the University of Paris, Johann, unable to bear the "shame" of being compared as Daniel's equal, banned Daniel from his house. Johann Bernoulli also plagiarized some key ideas from Daniel's book Hydrodynamica in his own

book Hydraulica which he backdated to beforeHydrodynamica. Despite Daniel's attempts at reconciliation, his father carried the grudge until his death. When Daniel was seven, his younger brother Johann II Bernoulli was born. Around schooling age, his father, Johann Bernoulli, encouraged him to study business, there being poor rewards awaiting a mathematician. However, Daniel refused, because he wanted to study mathematics. He later gave in to his father's wish and studied business. His father then asked him to study in medicine, and Daniel agreed under the condition that his father would teach him mathematics privately, which they continued for some time.
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He was a contemporary and close friend of Leonhard Euler. He went to St. Petersburg in 1724 as professor of mathematics, but was unhappy there, and a temporary illness in 1733 gave him an excuse for leaving. He returned to the University of Basel, where he successively held the chairs of medicine, metaphysics, and natural philosophy until his death In May, 1750 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society

Conclusion

AIR is formed from a mixture of gas needed by all plants and animals to live. When moving, the air pressing everything in their path, such as leaves rustled and kites held high. Air movement caused by the pressure of the wind is called. The air did not move too pressing. Earth is surrounded by a thick layer of air is 640 km.

Pressure Air is the level of wetness in the air conditioning because the water is always contained in the form of water vapor. content of water vapor in the warm air more than the content of water vapor in the cold air.

Air pressure is measured by pressure force on the surface of a certain area, such as 1 cm2. Unit used is the atmosphere (atm), millimeters of mercury column (mmHg) or millibars (mbar). AIRBORNE formed from a mixture of gas needed by all plants and animals to live. When moving, the air pressing everything in their path, such as leaves rustled and kites held high. Air movement caused by the pressure of the wind is called. The air did not move too pressing. Earth is surrounded by a thick layer of air is 640 km. Factors that affect air pressure is as follows :

a.

Temperature

If the air temperature is high, the growing volume of air molecules, so that the air pressure is low, conversely if the air temperature to be small, then the air pressure is high.

b.

The High Low

The higher the points, the thin layer of air and the more tenuous, consequently the lower the air pressure.

The air pressure is limited by space and time. This means that at different times and places, the magnitude is different. The air pressure is growing vertically upward decrease.

Various kinds of humidity Absolute humidity / absolute Relative humidity /

Sources: http://id.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/2136452-pengertian-tekanan ixzz1KLht9MqR http://www.scribd.com/doc/16665921/Tekanan-Udara-Dan-Angin sains.amalgofa.info/.../percobaan-fisika-tentang- pressure - air www.kabaranda.com/news/mengukur- pressure - air-ipa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli's_principle http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/PictDisplay/Bernoulli_Daniel.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Bernoulli http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekam air / #

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