MC LC

CHNG 2: TAI NN LAO NG...............................................................................3 3. iu kin lao ng.........................................................................................................4 4. Cc yu t nguy him v c hi.....................................................................................4 6. Nguyn nhn gy tai nn lao ng bnh ngh nghip................................................5 CHNG 3: AN TON LAO NG.............................................................................8 1. Khi nim An ton lao ng..........................................................................................8 2. Cc bin php an ton lao ng.....................................................................................8 3. Trang b bo h c nhn...............................................................................................12 3.6. Bo v chn...........................................................................................................14 3.7. Qun o bo h.....................................................................................................15 1. S c hi ca ha cht ............................................................................................16 2. Tc hi ca ha cht i vi c th con ngui ..........................................................17 3. Cc bin php phng nga .........................................................................................17

Chng 1: M U 1. Mc ch mn hc - Cung cp cho sinh vin nhng kin thc v an ton lao ng nhm trnh c nhng ri ro trong lao ng, c bit l lao ng trong cng ngh ha hc. - Gip sinh vin hiu r hn cc quy nh trong nh my, nhm nng cao k lut i vi sinh vin khi thc tp tt nghip - X l tnh hung khi c tai nn lao ng 2. ngha - Hiu c an ton lao ng l bo v cho chnh mnh v cho x hi - An ton lao ng cn phi c cung cp cho tt c mi ngi, t cng nhn vn hnh, ngi gim st lao ng n gim c nh my V vy, c th ni An ton lao ng mang ngha chnh tr, x hi v nhn o su sc. 3. Tnh cht cng tc an ton lao ng t c mc tiu nh ra nh trn th cng tc an ton lao ng nht thit phi mang y ba tnh cht: - Tnh cht khoa hc k thut: s dng cc kin thc v phng php php khoa hc nghin cu a ra cc bin php x l, loi tr cc yu t nguy him, c hi, phng chng tai nn lao ng v bnh ngh nghip - Tnh cht php lut: cc lut l, ch chnh sch, tiu chun, ni quy, quy nh v cng tc an ton lao ng th hin cc gii php v khoa hc, cc bin php v t chc v x hi c lin quan n cng tc an ton lao ng - Tnh cht qun chng: cng tc an ton lao ng mang tnh qun chng rng ri bi v tt c mi ngi k c ngi s dng lao ng cho n ngi lao ng u l cc i tng cn c bo v, ng thi h cng phi tham gia vo vic t bo v chnh bn thn h v ngi khc.

CHNG 2: TAI NN LAO NG 1. Khi nim Tai nn lao ng l tai nn xy ra trong qu trnh lao ng sn xut, cng tc do kt qu ca s tc ng t ngt t bn ngoi, lm cht ngi hoc lm tn thng hoc lm ph hu chc nng hot ng bnh thng ca mt b phn no ca c th, nhim c cp tnh cng c coi l tai nn lao ng. Theo quy nh ca Nh nc cn c vo s ngy ngh iu tr thng tch th tai nn lao ng c phn ra thnh cc loi nh sau: Tai nn lao ng cht ngi Tai nn lao ng nng Tai nn lao ng nh 2. Phn bit tai nn lao ng vi bnh ngh nghip Bnh ngh nghip l hin trng bnh l mang tnh cht c trng ngh nghip lin quan n ngh nghip do qu trnh tip xc thng xuyn v ko di ca iu kin lao ng xu. Cc nh khoa hc cho rng cng nhn b bnh ngh nghip cn c hng ch n b v vt cht c th b p phn no sc kho b thit hi, gip h khi phc li sc kho hoc bo m cho h c c phn thu nhp m do b bnh ngh nghip m h mt i sc lao ng nn mt i phn thu nhp . Cho nn ch n b v bnh ngh nghip ra i. Hin nay T chc lao ng quc t xp thnh 29 nhm bnh khc nhau bao gm nhiu loi bnh ngh nghip khc nhau. Vit Nam chng ta nh nc cng nhn 21 bnh ngh nghip c Nh nc bo him nh sau: Bnh bi phi so Silic Bnh bi phi Aming Bnh bi phi bng Bnh vim ph qun mn tnh ngh nghip Bnh nhim cc tia phng x v tia X Bnh ic ngh nghip do ting n Bnh rung chuyn ngh nghip Bnh xm da ngh nghip Bnh lot da, lot vch ngn mi, vim da, chm tip xc. Bnh lao ngh nghip Bnh vim gan do vi rt ngh nghip Bnh nhim c Ch v cc hp cht Ch Bnh nhim c Benzen v cc ng ng ca Benzen Bnh nhim c Thu ngn v hp cht Thu ngn Bnh nhim c Mangan v cc hp cht Mangan Bnh nhim c TNT Bnh nhim c Asen v cc hp cht Asen Bnh nhim c Nicotin ngh nghip Bnh nhim c ho cht tr su ngh nghip Bnh do leptospira ngh nghip Bnh gim p ngh nghip

3. iu kin lao ng. iu kin lao ng l tng th cc yu t v mt t nhin, x hi, kinh t, k thut c biu hin thng qua cc cng c, phng tin lao ng, i tng lao ng, qu trnh cng ngh, mi trng lao ng v s sp xp, b tr chng trong khng gian v thi gian, s tc ng qua li gia chng trong mi quan h vi ngi lao ng ti ch lm vic, to nn mt iu kin nht nh cho con ngi trong qu trnh lao ng. Trong qu trnh hot ng sn xut th ngoi trnh tay ngh chuyn mn th iu kin lao ng, mi trng lao ng ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong qu trnh sn xut. m bo an ton, sc kho cho ngi lao ng trong qu trnh lao ng sn xut th cng tc an ton lao ng phi i su nghin cu v tc ng ca iu kin lao ng ti ngi lao ng C th l chng ta phi nghin cu v cc cng c lao ng, phng tin lao ng, quy trnh sn xut, v s tc ng ca iu kin mi trng nh nhit , m, nh sng, thng gi, nng hi kh c, nng bi...ti ngi lao ng nh th no. c bit l tnh trng tm sinh l ca ngi lao ng trong sut qu trnh lao ng cng nh hng rt ln n thnh qu lao ng, v l nguyn nhn gy ra tai nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip cng nh thit hi sc kho ngi lao ng. Cng tc an ton lao ng c nhim v tm hiu, nghin cu v cc yu t ca iu kin lao ng cng nh s tc ng ca chng i vi ngi lao ng t ra cc bin php ci thin cho tt hn nhm m bo an ton cho ngi lao ng trong qu trnh lao ng sn xut. 4. Cc yu t nguy him v c hi. Trong qu trnh lao ng sn xut lun tn ti cc yu t nguy him v c hi nh hng ti ngi lao ng. Cc yu t nguy him v c hi tn ti mt s dng nh sau: - Cc yu t vt l nh nhit , m, cc bc x c hi, bi, ting n, rung ng.... - Cc yu t sinh vt, vi sinh vt nh cc loi vi khun, siu vi khun, cc loi k sinh trng... - Cc yu t bt li v t th lao ng nh khng tin nghi do khng gian nh xng cht hp, mt v sinh, khng thun tin v tm sinh l... - Cc yu t nguy him nh in, lm vic trn cao 5. Cc bin bo Mc ch: - Cm cc hnh vi c th gy ra tai nn lao ng (thng l bin hnh trn, mu trng, vin ) - Cnh bo cc s c tim n trong cc thit b, phng tin lao ng. (thng l bin tam gic mu vng, vin ) - Ch dn, a cc thng tin cho php, cc th tc (thng l bin mu xanh) Yu cu: - Bin bo cn phi t v tr thch hp, gn lin vi thit b, d quan st

- D hiu, c trng, cha ng c cc thng tin cn thit. C th cn ghi ch thch lm r cc thng tin 6. Nguyn nhn gy tai nn lao ng bnh ngh nghip. Tai nn lao ng v bnh nghip thng xy ra trong qu trnh lao ng sn xut do s tc ng trc tip hoc gin tip ca cc yu t nguy him v c hi i vi c th con ngi. Do vy nguyn nhn gy tai nn lao ng v bnh ngh nghip ch yu do cc nguyn nhn chnh sau y: - Nguyn nhn do k thut - Nguyn nhn do con ngi - Nguyn nhn do mi trng lao ng 6.1. Nguyn nhn v k thut. y l mt nguyn nhn c hu lun tn ti trong mi iu kin lao ng, bi l tt c cc my mc thit b d hin i n u th vn cn tn ti cc yu t nguy him, cc vng nguy him xung quanh v c th xut hin bt k lc no, tc hi ca cc yu t ny cng khng th o c: - Kch thc kt cu my mc thit b khng ph hp vi kch thc nhn trc hc ca ngi Vit nam. - Cc b phn chi tit ca my mc thit b bn c l khng m bo cho nn trong qu trnh vn hnh thng xy ra cc hin tng h hng, vng bn... - Bn thn cc thit b my mc thiu cc thit b che chn, c cu an ton... - Cc thit b thiu cc thit b phng nga qu ti nh phanh hm, kho lin ng, thit b khng ch hnh trnh, van an ton... - Cc my mc thit b khi vn hnh do cng ngh c khng m bo v cc tiu chun v sinh hoc l trong qu trnh vn hnh sinh ra cc yu t gy mt v sinh nh bi nhiu, ting n ln... - Cc my mc thiu cc thit b h tr c gii ho, t ng ho trong nhng cng vic nng nhc, c hi v nguy him nh vn chuyn vt liu nng ln cao, cp d vt liu v x l cc l luyn, ni hi, my nghin... - Trong qu trnh vn hnh khng thc hin nghim tc cc ni quy, quy nh v an ton, khng kim tra cc thng s an ton ca my mc trc khi vn hnh nh th ti i vi cc ba my kh nn khi lm vic, cc thit b nh cn cu, cu trc, pa lng... - Trang b v s dng cc trang thit b bo v c nhn khng m bo ng theo quy chun hoc khng thch hp v kch thc, cht lng v chng loi. 6.2. Nguyn nhn do con ngi. Nguyn nhn do ngi s dng lao ng. - Khng t chc b my qun l, n c vic thc hin cc cng tc v an ton cng nh cng tc kim tra v vic thc hin cc ni quy an ton. - Ngi s dng lao ng khng quan tm n cng tc an ton v v sinh lao ng nh khng c cc ni quy, quy nh v an ton v v sinh lao ng cho ngi lao ng. - Ngi s dng lao ng khng tun th theo cc quy nh ca nh nc v an ton v v sinh lao ng i vi cc my mc thit b khi a vo s dng.

- Ngi s dng lao ng phn cng lao ng khng hp l, khng hun luyn an ton v v sinh lao ng cho ngi lao ng. - Ngi s dng lao ng khng trang cp thit b bo v c nhn cho ngi lao ng khi lm vic. - Khng kin quyt x l i vi cc trng hp vi phm cc ni quy v an ton v v sinh lao ng cng nh c cc bin php khen thng kp thi cho nhng ngi c thnh tch trong cng tc an ton v v sinh lao ng. - Vic t chc hun luyn cng tc an ton v sinh lao ng cho ngi lao ng khng t yu cu, khng theo nh k, khng kp thi, khng c cc bin khuyn co v an ton, mt an ton nhng ni c nhiu cc yu t nguy him v c hi trong qu trnh sn xut... Nguyn nhn do ngi lao ng. - Ngi lao ng khng chp hnh cc quy nh v an ton v v sinh lao ng do ngi s dng lao ng ra. - Khng mang ng v cc trang thit b bo v c nhn c trang cp khi lm vic. - Khi pht hin thy c cc nguy c, cc nguyn nhn gy tai nn lao ng khng bo co cho cc cp lnh o kp thi x l. 6.3. Nguyn nhn do mi trng lao ng. Bao gm cc yu t nh: khng gian, kh thi, iu kin mi trng (nhit , nh sng, ting n), v sinh, xy dng, t chc lao ng - Trong qu trnh tin hnh cng vic vi phm cc yu cu v v sinh cng nghip nh vic b tr cc ngun pht sinh hi kh c nhng ni u hng gi, u hnh trnh ca quy trnh cng ngh, khng tin hnh kh c, lc bi trong nhng mi trng c pht sinh ra nhiu yu t bi, hi kh c hoc trc khi thi ra mi trng... - Mi trng lao ng khng m bo v sinh nh thng gi, hi kh c, nh sng, nhit vt qu cc tiu chun cho php hoc di tiu chun cho php, c cha nhiu cc bc x gy nh hng ti sc kho, khng m bo an ton cho ngi lao ng khi lm vic - Mi trng t nhin xung quanh ni lm vic khng m bo v sinh nh qu cht tri. - Tnh hnh chiu sng khng m bo sng cho ngi lao ng lm vic hoc nh sng qu chi, phn b khng u khi lm vic gy chi lo hoc qu ti gy kh khn cho ngi lao ng khi lm vic... - Cng ca yu t ting n, mc rung ng rt cao vt qu tiu chun cho php - T chc lm vic khng hp l nh vic b tr cc my mc thit b khng theo cc tiu chun v sinh cng nghip cng nh an ton, cc my mc khi vn hnh th lun tn ti cc vng nguy him tc ng n c h thng v con ngi hoc l s c xy ra trn mt my th nh hng n c dy truyn.. - Vic xy dng cc nh xng khng theo ng cc tiu chun v sinh nh khng gian nh xng cht hp, t th lao ng khng thoi mi g b... - Vic b tr mt bng sn xut nh cc ng i li, cc li thot him khi cn thit, khong cc ca ng i khng gy ra cht hp trong qu trnh vn chuyn cng nh vic b tr cc ng vn chuyn khng m bo nh g gh, giao ct nhau phc tp...

- Vic bo qun cc thnh phm trong cc nh xng khng theo dng cc quy tc v an ton nh vic bi tr sp xp chng cho nhau, xp chng qu cao, ln ln cc cht c th kt hp vi nhau to ra cc hp cht c nguy c gy chy n cao... - Cc bin php v sinh cng nghip ti cc my mc, thit b, nh xng khng ng quy nh, v sinh mi trng khng m bo. - Cc bin php t chc v sinh c nhn cho ngi lao ng nh khng c nh v sinh hoc khng nh v sinh cho nhng cng nhn n.

CHNG 3: AN TON LAO NG 1. Khi nim An ton lao ng. An ton lao ng (ch yu l cng tc an ton v v sinh lao ng) l cc hot ng ng b trn cc mt lut php, t chc hnh chnh kinh t, x hi, khoa hc k thut nhm ci thin iu kin lao ng, ngn nga tai nn lao ng v bnh ngh nghip, bo m an ton, bo v sc kho cho ngi lao ng. Trong sn xut cng tc an ton lao ng gn lin vi mi hot ng sn xut v cng tc ca con ngi. Cng tc an ton lao ng pht trin ph thuc vo trnh nn kinh t, khoa hc, cng ngh v yu cu pht trin ca mi nc. Cng tc an ton lao ng nhm bo v ngi lao ng phng trnh cc tai nn lao ng v gim thiu bnh ngh nghip trong qu trnh lao ng sn xut. lm c vic cng tc an ton lao ng tham gia tch cc vo vic ci thin iu kin lao ng cho ngi lao ng trong qu trnh lao ng sn xut. 2. Cc bin php an ton lao ng 2.1. Cc bin php v t chc. - Vic t chc phn cng lao ng phi r rng v ph hp vi tng cng vic v trnh ca ngi lao ng pht huy cao nht kh nng ca h cng nh hn ch ti a cc nguy c gy mt an ton do trnh v cng vic khng ph hp. - Phi c t chc qun l cng tc an ton v v sinh lao ng t trn cp cao nht xung n ngi lao ng theo quy nh ca nh nc. - Phi t chc tuyn truyn, hun luyn cng tc an ton v v sinh lao ng i vi tt c ngi lao ng. - Phi t chc hng dn cho ngi lao ng bit s dng v s dng y cc trang thit b bo v c nhn khi lm vic. 2.2. Bin php k thut. Bin php k thut v sinh. - Vic xy dng nh xng phi m bo cc thng s v an ton v v sinh cng nghip nh thng thong, cao ro, khng m t... i vi nn nh xng phi m bo bn chc, bng phng, khng trn trt - Vic b tr my mc thit b trong nh xng phi m bo theo ng yu cu v an ton nh my mc thit b phi c b tr theo ng quy trnh, my mc phi b tr theo ng khong cch an ton l khng nh hn 1m, nhng khu vc nguy him c th l khng c thp hn 2m, khng b tr cc my mc thit b c sinh ra nhiu cc yu t nguy him v c hi nh hng ti xung quanh cng nh ton b nh xng... - Mt bng nh xng phi gn gng, ngn np, my mc, thit b, dng c, nguyn vt liu, thnh phm, ph rc thi phi theo ng ni quy nh, khng gy cn tr cho ngi i li thao tc v phng tin vn chuyn.

- Phi m bo cc tiu chun v nh sng ti cc v tr lm vic c bit l ti cc v tr lm vic c yu cu cao v nh sng, ti cc cu thang, ung i, trong hm ngm... - Phi m bo cc tiu chun v thng gi, ht bi cho ton b nh xng, nht l nhng ni c pht sinh nng bi, ting n ln, phi c cc bin php ngn nga cc yu t nguy him pht sinh trong qu trnh lm vic m bo khng nh hng ti cc khu vc xung quanh. - Vic b tr khong cch gia cc hng thit b phi rng t nht 2.5m, trong cc gian sn xut c cc my vn chuyn bn trong th gia cc b phn chuyn ng(toa xe, gong, bng chuyn, xe ln...) v cc phn nh ra ca cc kt cu cng trnh (tng, ct) cn phi cha li qua li rng t nht 1m. - Cc ng ng dn nc, hi, kh, mng thng gi hoc cc thit b khc dui trn nh xng cc li qua li khng c php thp hn 2.2m. - Cc my mc thit b c sinh ra ting n ln v rung ng mnh (vn tc rung v 2) th phi b tr vo nhng ni nh ring v phi c x l gim ting n v rung ng. - Tt c cc thit b, my mc u phi c y cc ni quy an ton vn hnh s dng, Cc ni quy phi bin son ngn gn, r rng, chnh xc, d c v c treo, gn c nh ngay ti ni lm vic ca ngi lao ng. - i vi cc vng nguy him, cc khu vc cm th phi c cc bin cnh bo v cc yu t nguy him, cc loi p phch an ton lao ng ph hp nh bin bo cm, bin cnh bo, bin bo ra lnh, bin bo ch th.... - Phi xy dng h thng cc giy cho php lm vic i vi nhng cng vic c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton, nhng cng vic c pht sinh nhiu cc yu t nguy him v c hi, v phi c cc bin php theo di, kim tra n c vic s dng cc loi giy php lm vic. - Cc loi my mc, thit b u phi c kim nghim v kim nh v an ton thit b thng xuyn theo nh k m bo an ton cho my mc thit b khi vn hnh. Bin php k thut an ton i vi cc my mc, thit b. - Phi tin hnh thit k lp t cc thit b an ton nh van an ton, cht an ton, cc thit b phng chng qu ti, khng ch hnh trnh, tc ca cc b phn thc hin cc chuyn ng tnh tin hoc quay trn nh kha lin ng, r le t ngt... - Cc thit b che chn cho cc h thng chuyn ng, bi, n, hi kh c, bc x nhit, cc ho h su... - Cc tn hiu ci, n bo ng... - Cc bin bo an ton nh bin cm, bin cnh bo; - Cc trang thit b an ton phi m bo bn chc di tc ng ca cc yu t c, nhit, ho v khng gy bin dng hnh hc, nng chy hoc n mn, khng lm hn ch kh nng v cng ngh cng nh cng tc bo dng v v sinh cng nghip. 2.3. Cc yu cu chung trong cng tc vn hnh, sa cha bo dng cc trang thit b my mc, thit b.

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- Khi tin hnh vn hnh my mc, thit b th ngi lao ng phi trang b y cc phng tin bo v c nhn ph hp vi tng cng vic, tng mi trng lm vic, tng kch thc nhn trc ca ngi lao ng. - Tt c cc my mc, thit b khi vn hnh phi m bo c y cc thit b an ton nh cc thit b che chn, bo v, khng ch hnh trnh, vn tc, chng qu ti ph hp nhng ni c cc yu t nguy him v c hi xut hin. - Cc thit b iu khin, tn hiu n bo phi t nhng ni thun tin d thao tc cng nh d quan st. - Tuyt i khng c tin hnh sa cha, bo dng my mc, thit b trong khi dang vn hnh hoc ang th my. Ch c tin hnh khi cc my mc thit b ngng khng lm vic, tt c h thng in lin quan n my mc, thit b u ngt. - Phi tin hnh bo dng nh k cc my mc thit b theo ng quy nh. - Sau khi sa cha bo dng song phi tin hnh chy th m bo my mc chy tr li bnh thng trc khi a vo vn hnh. 2.4. Cc quy tc an ton khi sp xp vt liu - Vt liu nn xp ring theo tng loi v theo th t thun tin cho vic bo qun v s dng. - Cc vt liu d chy n th phi c cc bin php bo qun v sp xp theo ng cc yu cu an ton ring. - Dng k v nh v chc chn khi bo qun vt d ln... 2.5. Cc quy tc an ton khi i li - Ch c i li cc li i li ginh ring cho ngi c xc nh. - Khi ln, xung thang phi vn tay vo lan can. - Khng nhy t v tr trn cao xung t. - Khi c chng ngi vt trn li i phi dn ngay thng ng. - Khng bc, dm qua my ct, gc my, vt liu, thit b v ng ginh ring cho vn chuyn. - Khng i li trong khu vc c ngi lm vic bn trn hoc c vt treo trn. - Khng i vo khu vc dang c chuyn ti bng cu... - Nht thit phi dng m khi i li pha di cc cng trnh ang xy dng, cc my mc ang hot ng. 2.6. Cc quy tc an ton ni lm vic - Khng bo qun cht c ni lm vic. - Khi lm vic bn trn nn cm ngi i li pha di, khng nm , dng c xung di. - Ni lm ic phi lun c gi sch s, dng c, vt liu c sp xp gn gng. - Thc hin theo cc bin bo, cc quy tc an ton cn thit. 2.7. Cc quy tc an ton khi lm vic tp th - Khi lm vic tp th phi phi hp cht ch vi nhau. - Ch nh ngi ch huy v lm vic theo tn hiu ca ngi ch huy. - S dng dng c bo h thch hp trc khi lm vic.

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- Tm hiu k trnh t v cch lm vic, tin hnh theo ng trnh t; khi i ca phi bn giao cng vic mt cch t m. - Trc khi vn hnh thit b phi ch quan st ngi xung quanh. 2.8. Cc quy tc khi tip xc vi cht c hi - Cn phn loi, dn nhn v bo qun cht c hi ni quy nh. - Khng n ung, ht thuc ni lm vic. - S dng dng c bo h (mt n phng kh c, o qun chng ho cht, gng tay...), dng c phng h. - Nhng ngi khng lin quan khng c vo khu vc cha cht c. - Tht cn thn khi s dng cc cht kim, axit. - Ra tay sch s trc khi n ung. 2.9. Cc quy tc an ton khi s dng dng c phng tin bo v c nhn - Cn s dng ng bo h, m bo h khi lm vic ngoi tri, trong mi trng nguy him, c hi. - Khng s dng gng tay vi khi lm vic vi cc loi my quay nh my khoan, tin... - D dng kinh chng bi khi lm cc cng vic pht sinh bi, mn... nh ct mi, gia cng c kh... - S dng o, gng tay chng ho cht, knh bo h khi tip xc vi ho cht - S dng knh bo v khi lm vic ni c tia c hi; nhng ngi kim tra, sa cha my in, dng c in, dy ti, dy cp in cn s dng m cch in, gng tay cao su cch in - S dng dng c h tr h hp, my cp khng kh, mt n dng kh khi lm vic trong mi trng c nng xy di 18% - Trong mi trng c nng kh c vt qu tiu chun cho php, cn s dng dng c cung cp kh tr h hp - Khi phi tip xc vi vt, cht nng hoc lm vic mi trng qu nng cn s dng gng tay v o chng nhit - Cn s dng dng c bo v nh nt tai chng n, bt tai chng n khi lm vic trong mi trng c cng ting n vt 80-85 dB - Cn s dng o, mt n phng c ni c kh, khi, hi c; s dng mt n chng bi ni c nhiu vn, bi bay... - S dng gng tay chuyn dng khi nung chy, hn ga, hn h quang - S dng thit b an ton kiu x eo khi lm vic ni d b ng hoc ni c cao t 2m tr ln - S dng dng c bo v mt khi lm vic trong mi trng d b bn mn, hi, cht c vo mt - S dng o, gng chng phng x khi lm vic gn thit b c s dng phng x ng v. 2.10. Cc quy tc an ton khi s dng my mc - Ngoi ngi ph trch ra, khng ai c khi ng, iu khin my - Trc khi khi ng my phi kim tra cc thit b an on v v tr ng - Trc khi i lm vic khc phi tt my, khng my hot ng khi khng c ngi iu khin

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- Khi mun iu chnh my, phi tt ng c v ch cho ti khi my dng hn; khng dng tay hoc gy lm dng my - Khi vn hnh my cn s dng phung tin bo v c nhn, khng mc o qu di, khng qun khn qung c, khng eo c vt, nhn, gng tay - Kim tra my thng xuyn v trc khi vn hnh - Trn my hng cn treo bin ghi my hng - Tt my trc khi lau chi v dng dng c chuyn dng lau chi.

3. Trang b bo h c nhn Ti cc v tr lm vic, mi ngi lao ng u phi s dng cc trang thit b an ton lao ng ph hp vi cc tiu chun ca Nh nc hay Quc t bao gm nhng khng gii hn nhng th sau: ng bo h. M bo h. Knh an ton lao ng Gng tay bo h Chp bo v thnh gic Qun o an ton lao ng Tu thuc vo tng v tr lm vic c th s dng thm, bt cc trang thit b an ton lao ng khc cho thch hp. 3.1. Bo v thnh gic. Vic bo v thnh gic nhm hn ch v ting n trnh b bnh ic ngh nghip. Cc phng thc kim sot bao gm: Kim sot ngun pht sinh ting n Kim sot vic truyn dn lin quan ti suy hao hoc gim mc n (ca, bc cch m,...). Cc thit b bo v thnh gic phi s dng lin tc khi lm vic trong mi trng n vt qu 85dB(A) vi thi gian lm vic hng ngy qu 8 gi hay khi mc n xung vt qu 130 dB(C). Khng c ngi lao ng tip xc vi ting n gy tn hi n thnh lc. Phi c du hiu cnh bo t li vo khu vc c n cao. Cn hn ch ngi lao ng tip xc vi ting n cng nhiu cng tt, v trc ht phi bng cc bin php k thut. Mc m nhng khu vc khc nhau ti ni lm vic cn phi ph hp vi thc t m k thut hin hnh c th t c v ti thiu phi tho mn TCVN 3985-1999. Cc trang thit b, qu trnh phi c xc nh vi du hiu ch bo nguy him nu n vt qu 83 dB(A), ng thi phi s dng thit b bo v thnh gic c nhn trong khi ch cc bin php kim sot kh thi c thc hin. Cc bin bo c thit lp ch r cc khu vc n v yu cu ngi lao ng phi s dng thit b bo v thnh gic trc khi bc vo cc khu vc . Mi c nhn v khch ti thm s phi eo cc thit b bo v thnh gic. Nt bt tai hay chp tai chng n c dng khi: Ti khu vc c my pht in hoc cc my c n cao. S dng my mi, ba , dng c thit b c n cao. trong xng c kh c n cao.

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C bin bo s dng hoc khi gim st yu cu. Chp tai chng n phi c lau chi sch s hng ngy. 3.2. Bo v ng h hp. Cc nguyn tc di y phi c tun th bo v ngi lao ng khi cc mi nguy him v ng h hp: Khng c nhn no phi tip xc trc tip trong bu khng kh m c th c hi cho sc kho ca h. Trong nhng trng hp, khi bu khng kh c th b nhim c, phi dng mt h thng thng xuyn o th bu khng kh xung quanh ni lm vic do ngi c hun luyn ng cch s dng trang thit b thch hp. Phi thc hin mi n lc nhm ngn chn vic thi cc cht c hi vo mi trng lm vic. t c iu ny bng cch chp nhn cc phng php v iu kin an ton v bng cch thc hin vic kim sot cc cht thi. Nu mi n lc nhm ngn chn hay kim sot mi nguy him ny khng thnh cng th phi cung cp v s dng cc thit b bo v ng th. Cc thit b sn xut ra bi v khi (vd. thit b hn, ng c Diesel,...) s phi b tr nhng ni thch hp km theo kim sot v mt k thut. Nhng khu vc i hi phi s dng trang thit b bo v ng h hp phi c gn bin bo. Khu trang, mt n ngn bi khi c s dng ngn cn bi v khi c th gy hi trong khng kh. Loi ny khng thch hp s dng trong mi trng c kh c hoc c nng xy thp. Phi nh gi cn thn khu vc lm vic vi nhng nguy him c th c trc khi s dng loi thit b ny. Ti nhng khu vc nu trn mi nhn vin v khch tham quan u phi eo thit b bo v. 3.3. Bo v u. Phi i m bo him khi lm vic ngoi tri, cng trng xy dng, hm m...Ngi s dng phi thc hin ng cc quy nh di y: M khng c sn li Ch c dn nhng nhn dnh cho php ln trn m. Khng c ra/lm sch m bng cc sn phm xng du hay cc cht lm sch tng t. Khng c khoan l trn m. Ch s dng m bo v u. Phi thay th cc m b hng hay c v b h. Dy gi trong m phi c duy tr tnh trng tt. Sau khi va p mnh trn v m, m phi c kim tra v thay th nu thy cn thit. Ti cc khu vc lao ng, mi nhn vin v khch tham quan phi i m bo h.Tt c cc c nhn phi i m bo h trong nhng khu vc c nguy c gy chn thng u. Khng c php s dng nhng m thng thng, nn nhm, st cng v m cng khng c kh nng bo v u. M bo h khng c bin dng, sn hoc dnh cc ho cht. Nu xy ra nh vy th phi thay nn khc ngay lp tc.

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3.4. Bo v mt. Khi khng c kh nng loi b hay kim sot c cc mi nguy him cho mt, phi cp cc trang thit b bo v mt cho ngi lao ng. Knh bo v gn km tm chn cung cp s bo v y khi a s cc mu bi bay t nhng a im lm vic pha trc ngi lm vic. eo knh bo v c tm chn c coi l mc bo v ti thiu. Knh bo v khng c thit k hay ch nh dng bo v chng cc ming ri vn c nng lng gy nh hng mc trung bnh hoc cao. Ti ni cng vic i hi mc bo v ln hn phi trang b loi knh trn c gng rng, tm che mt hay m trm u. Cc trang thit b bo v mt b sung/tu chn s phi eo khi thc hin cc nhim v di y: - Mi: Tm che ton b v knh gng to bo v mt - Hn: Mt n hn, m hn, knh bo v - Ct kh: Knh ct c chng - S dng ho cht: Knh bo v c gng to v tm che mt khi c yu cu. - Hot ng trong mi trng bi: Knh bo v m st mt Khi phi bo v khi nh sng chi ca mt tri hay nh chi t tia x nhn thy c, phi cung cp trang thit b bo v mt c lp mt knh rm mu nh. Nu yu cu bo v chng li tia cc tm hay tia hng ngoi, tia laser phi s dng loi bo v c bit ng yu cu. Nhng khu vc yu cu phi eo phng tin bo v mt phi c bin bo ph hp. Mi nhn vin v khch tham quan phi eo phng tin bo v mt nhng khu vc nu trn. 3.5. Bo v tay. Trang b bo v tay c th dng gng tay hoc gng tay di v phi c s dng nhng khu vc c nguy c gy chn thng tay. Phi eo gng tay cao su chng ha cht khi tip xc vi cc sn phm du, xt, axt, ho cht v cht ha tan mnh. Phi eo gng tay da bo v tay khi thc hin cc cng vic nhit cao, ma st ln hoc vt liu c b mt g gh sc nhn, khi cm dy cp, nhng ch gng tay c th b ko v cun vo thit b my ang quay. Cc gng tay cao su cch in c s dng khi thc hin cc cng vic v in. Trang thit b bo v tay cn c cung cp y . Loi gng tay s dng cho cng vic s tu thuc vo loi vt liu hay thit b c cm. Lm vic bnh thng Hn Bo v chng nng Ho cht Bo v chng cnh sc - Gng vi hay da - Gng da - Gng da hay trng lp cch nhit - Gng cao su nitrile hoc vi bc PVC - Gng c m lng bn tay bng cao su tng hp hoc da chrome.

3.6. Bo v chn. Giy hoc ng bo h l nhng th bt buc ti cc khu vc lm vic ca Cng ty. Giy bo h phi l loi c mi thp bo v bn chn, c kh nng

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chng trt v phi c s dng cc ni lm vic, cng trng, khu vc sn xut v nhng ni c nguy c gy thng tn n chn. Khi lm vic khu vc m t hoc c th b t th phi s dng ng bo h khng s dng giy, ng bo h khng cn kh nng bo v. Phi s dng giy, ng bo h ng kch c v buc cht ph hp. Cc loi giy, ng bo v hng phi thay th ngay. Mi c nhn v khch tham quan u phi i giy hoc ng bo v ti cc khu vc bt buc. 3.7. Qun o bo h. Qun o an ton lao ng phi lun c s dng khi lm vic. Qun o an ton lao ng phi ph hp, ng quy nh v va vn cho ngi s dng. Qun o an ton lao ng lun phi gi sch s, trnh dy bn bi du m, ho cht. Cc qun o vi bt phi c s dng khi thc hin cc cng vic vi Axit hay cc ho cht c hi. Khng c mc cc qun o bo h rng hay rch khi thc hin cc cng vic gn cc thit b quay. Khng eo cc trang sc nh dy chuyn, nhn khi lm vic ti nhng ni m chng c th gy vng v lm b thng ngi eo.

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CHNG 4: AN TON HA CHT Trong nhng nm gn y, vn c quan tm ngy cng nhiu l nh hng ca ha cht n sc khe con ngi, c bit l ngi lao ng. Nhiu ha cht tng c coi l an ton nhng nay c xc nh l c lin quan n bnh tt, t mn nga nh n suy yu sc khe lu di v ung th. Do vy cn thit phi quan tm ti tt c cc ha cht. 1. S c hi ca ha cht Cc yu t quyt nh mc c hi ca ha cht, bao gm c tnh, c tnh vt l ca ha cht, trng thi tip xc, ng xm nhp vo c th v tnh mn cm ca c nhn v tc hi tng hp ca cc yu t ny.ha cht c hi c: -c cp tnh, c mn tnh,gy kch ng vs con ng,gy ung th or c nguy c gy ung th,gy bin i gen,c vs sinh sn,tch ly sinh hc, nhim hu c kh phn hy,c hi vs mi tr.(d n,oxy ha mnh,n mn mnh,d chy) 1.1. ng xm nhp ca ha cht vo c th con ngi Qua ng h hp H thng h hp bao gm ng h hp trn (mi, mm, hng); ng th (kh qun, ph qun, cung phi) v vng trao i kh (ph nang), ni xy t khng kh vo mu v ioxit cacbon t mu khuych tn vo khng kh. Hp th ha cht qua da Mt trong nhng ng xm nhp ca ha cht vo c th l qua da. dy ca da cng vi s m hi v t chc m lp di da c tc dng nh mt hng ro bo v chng li vic ha cht xm nhp vo c th v gy cc tn thng cho da. Ha cht dy dnh trn da c th c cc phn ng sau: - Phn ng vi b mt ca da gy vim da x pht; - Xm nhp qua da, kt hp vi t chc protein gy cm ng da. - Xm nhp qua da vo mu. Qua ng tiu ha Do bt cn cht c dnh trn mi, mm ri v tnh nut phi hoc n, ung, ht thuc trong khi bn tay dnh ha cht hoc dng thc n v ung b nhim ha cht l nhng nguyn nhn ch yu ha cht xm nhp vo c th qua ng tiu ha 1.2. Loi ha cht tip xc Do cc phn ng l ha ca cht c vi cc h thng c quan tng ng m c s phn b c bit cho tng cht: + Ha cht c tnh in ly nh ch, bary, tp trung trong xng, bc vng trong da hoc lng ng trong gan, thn di dng phc cht. + Cc cht khng in ly loi dung mi hu c tan trong m tp trung trong cc t chc giu m nh h thn kinh. + Cc cht khng in ly v khng ha tan trong cc cht bo kh nng thm vo cc t chc ca c th km hn v ph thuc vo kch thc phn t v nng cht c. Thng thng khi ha cht vo c th tham gia cc phn ng sinh ha hay l qu trnh bin i sinh hc: oxy ha, kh oxy, thy phn, lin hp. Qu trnh

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ny c th xy ra nhiu b phn v m trong gan c vai tr c bit quan trng. Qu trnh ny thng c hiu l qu trnh ph v cu trc ha hc v gii c, song c th s to ra sn phm ph hay cc cht mi c hi hn cc cht ban u. 1.3. Nng v thi gian tip xc V nguyn tc, tc hi ca ha cht i vi c th ph thuc vo lng ha cht hp thu. Trong trng hp hp thu qua ng h hp, lng hp thu ph thuc chnh vo nng ca ha cht trong khng kh v thi gian tip xc. Thng thng, khi tip xc trong thi gian ngn nhng vi nng ha cht cao c th gy ra nhng nh hng cp tnh (nhim c cp), trong khi tip xc trong thi gian di nhng vi nng thp s xy ra hai xu hng: hoc l c th chu ng c, hoc l ha cht c tch lu vi khi lng ln hn, li nh hng mn tnh. 1.4. Tnh mn cm ca ngi tip xc C s khc nhau ln trong phn ng ca mi ngi khi tip xc vi ha cht. Tip xc vi cng mt lng trong cng mt thi gian mt vi ngi b nh hng trm trng, mt vi ngi b nh hng nh, c th c mt s ngi nhn bn ngoi khng thy c biu hin g. Phn ng ca tng c th ph thuc vo la tui, gii tnh v tnh trng sc khe... Th d: tr em nhy cm hn ngi ln; bo thai thng rt nhy cm vi ha cht... Do vi mi nguy c tim n, cn xc nh cc bin php cn trng khc nhau vi cc i tng c th. 2. Tc hi ca ha cht i vi c th con ngui Nh gii thch trn, nhng nh hng ca ha cht c th l cp tnh hoc mn tnh ty thuc vo nng v thi gian tip xc. Ha cht cng gy ra nhng phn ng khc nhau do kiu v dng tip xc khc nhau. Theo tnh cht tc ng ca ha cht trn c th con ngi c th phn loi theo cc nhm sau y: - Kch thch gy kh chu:lm cho phn tx vs ha cht b xu i nh da,mt, ng h hp - Gy d ng.- Gy ngt.- Gy m v gy t. - Tc ng n h thng cc c quan chc nng.- Gy ung th.- H bo thai. - nh hng n cc th h tng lai (t bin gien).- Bnh bi phi. Ho cht c thng c phn loi thnh cc nhm sau: Nhm 1: Cht gy bng kch thch da nh- Axt c, Kim... Nhm 2: Cht kch thch ng h hp nh Clo, amoni c,SO3,... Nhm 3: Cht gy ngt nh cc oxt cc bon (CO2, CO), m tan(CH4)... Nhm 4: Tc dng ln h thn kinh trung ng nh H2S (mi trng thi)xng... Nhm 5: Cht gy c hi cho h thng c th nh hrcacbon (gy c cho nhiu c quan), benzen, phnol, ch, asen 3. Cc bin php phng nga Mc ch chung ca vic kim sot ha cht l loi tr hoc lm gim ti mc thp nht mi ri ro bi cc ha cht nguy him, cc sn phm t ha cht gy ra cho con ngi v mi trng. t c iu ny chin lc 4 im trong vic kim sot c p dng loi tr hoc lm gim kh nng tip xc vi ha cht c t ra.

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Bn nguyn tc c bn ca hot ng kim sot 1/ Thay th: Loi b cc cht hoc cc qu trnh c hi, nguy him hoc thay th chng bng th khc t nguy him hn hoc khng cn nguy him na. 2/ Quy nh khong cch hoc che chn gia ngi lao ng v ha cht nhm ngn cch mi nguy c lin quan ti ha cht i vi ngi lao ng. 3/ Thng gi: s dng h thng thng gi thch hp di chuyn hoc lm gim nng c hi trong khng kh chng hn nh khi, kh, bi, m. 4/ Trang b phng tin bo v c nhn cho ngi lao ng nhm ngn nga vic tip xc trc tip vi ha cht 3.1. Kim sot h thng Kim sot h thng l mt b phn ca chng trnh kim sot s tip xc vi ha cht xem xt, nh gi nhng hiu qu ca nhng bin php kim sot khc trn c s tp trung vo nhng bin php v nhng quy trnh qun l. Ni dung kim sot tp trung vo nhng ni dung sau: - Nhn din tt c cc ha cht nguy him ang s dng; Dn nhn; Cung cp v s dng cc ti liu an ton ha cht; An ton ca kho; Th tc vn chuyn an ton; An ton trong qun l v s dng; Bin php qun l cng vic; Th tc loi b; iu khin s tip xc; Kim tra sc khe; Lu gi h s; Hun luyn v gio dc; 3.1.1. Nhn din ha cht Nguyn tc c bn ca vic nhn din ha cht nguy him l bit nhng ha cht g ang c s dng hoc sn xut; chng xm nhp vo c th bng cch no, gy tn thng v bnh tt g cho con ngi; chng gy hi nh th no i vi mi trng. Thng tin ny c th thu thp qua nhn, cc ti liu v sn phm. Nhng thng tin ch yu gm: - Hng dn cch s dng ha cht nh liu lng, s tng tc vi cc ha cht khc; - Ngy ht hn s dng ca ha cht; - Nhng ch dn an ton cn thit nh mc qun o bo v, nhng iu cn phi lm khi xy ra s c. - Nhng ch dn c bn v iu kin lu gi thch hp, vic x l cc cht d tha v cc vt cha dng ht ha cht. - Nhng ch dn v s cu v li khuyn i vi bc s nhm x l nhng trng hp ng c, nhng bin php gii c c bit cho nhng sn phm c th. - Nhng cnh bo nhm trnh tc hi i vi cc vt nui, sinh vt hoang d v mi trng. 3.1.2. Nhn dn Mc ch ca nhn l truyn t thng tin v cc nguy c ca ha cht, nhng ch dn an ton v cc bin php khn cp (Hnh). *Nhn thng gm nhng thng tin sau: - c im nhn dng ca ha cht- Biu tng cc nguy c

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- Tn chung v tn thng mi ha cht - Tn v lng ca cc hot cht - Cng dng ca sn phm - S ng k ca sn phm nu nh n l sn phm cn phi c ng k theo quy nh ca php lut - Tn v a ch ca ngi sn xut, ngi phn phi hoc cc i l - Cc bin php lm vic an ton - Bt c vn g do php lut quc gia yu cu chng hn nh phi c s chng nhn ca c quan thm quyn theo quy nh ca cc iu lut c bit ... Nhng vt cha qu nh m nhn dn ln khng th bao gm y thng tin theo yu cu phi c t ch dn c nh chc vo vt cha. Mun s dng ha cht mt cch an ton th trc ht ngi s dng phi c, hiu v tun th nhng ch dn ghi trn nhn. Nu khng hiu nhng ch dn th phi hi ngi c kinh nghim. Nu nhn qu nh v khng th c c th phi dng knh phng to hoc nh ngi no tinh mt c gip. Nu nh nhn b rch hoc b nhu nt phi yu cu ngi cung cp i vt cha khc c nhn hp php. Ha cht c th c rt t vt cha c dn nhn sang vt cha hoc thit b khc. Khi , nhng ngi c trch nhim trong vic chuyn rt ha cht phi dn nhn chnh xc tt c cc vt cha. Bt k mt ha cht no m khng c nhn th s khng c chuyn rt. Nhn mi t nht phi c cc ni dung sau: - Cng dng, thnh phn v cc nguy c; - Cch s dng sn phm an ton; v - Cc bin php khn cp. Ghi nh: Mi mt vt cha ha cht ti ni lm vic d ln hay nh u phi c nhn hp l 3.1.3. Bn d liu an ton ha cht (MSDS) Vi mi ha cht nguy him c s dng trong doanh nghip phi lun c sn nhng bn d liu v an ton ha cht. Trong , ti thiu phi c nhng thng tin c bn hng dn cch s dng ha cht an ton, t hiu qu; thng tin v cc bin php phng nga thch hp (gm c hng mc trang thit b bo v c nhn) v cc bin php khn cp. *Bn d liu an ton ha cht thng bao gm cc thng tin sau: - Tn ca ha cht (km theo tn thng mi v tn thng gi nu c) - Thnh phn ca ha cht - Tn v a ch ca ngi cung cp hoc ni sn xut - Cc nguy c c xc nh - Nhng bin php s cu, nhng bin php phng chng chy, bin php x l kh c 1. Cch s dng v lu gi ha cht - Kim sot s tip xc v bo v c nhn - Tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc - Thng tin v c hc - Thng tin v sinh thi hc - Thng tin v mua bn, vn chuyn - Thng tin v cc quy nh ca php lut (cc quy inh v nhn, du...) - Nhng thng tin khc (gm c ti liu tham kho).

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Ghi nh: Nu thiu bn d liu an ton ha cht, th phi yu cu ngi cung cp p ng ngay lp tc. lm vic an ton vi ha cht xc tc cn: 1.c MSDS 2.Tun th cc cnh bo 3.Tin hnh kim tra kh 4.S dng thit b bo h c nhn ph hp 5.Tun th quy trnh lm vic an ton 6.V sinh sau khi s dng ha cht, xc tc Mi nguy l ngun gc, tnh hung hot ng tim n kha nng gy nguy hi nh gy thng tt hoc nh hng n tm sinh l ng l, or c 2. Cc mi nguy nh: Sinh hc: mi nguy lien quan n vic tip xc vi virus,vi khun, cn trng Bc x: mi nguy t vc txuc vs cc ngun phng x:tia t ngoiaj t a.s mt tri,hn h quang,bc x hng ngoi.. Tm l:p lc cng vc:lm vc ca kp,bo lc ni lm vic in: chy n, c kh,kh c Ri ro l s kt hp gia kh nng xy ra ca 1 s kin c nguy him hay l s phi nhim v s nghim trng ca thng tt hay sc khe b bnh c th gy ra do su kin hay cc s phi nhim . Ri ro= tn sut * mc nghim trng R=F*S Bin php k thut kim sot mi nguy:loi b->thay th->k thut->bin php hnh chnh->tbi BVCN : 3 bc duy tr mtr lm vc an ton 1-nhn din 2nh gi- 3kim sot mi nguy Cc bin php an ton: -bp k thut bp bo h lao ng bp hnh chnh L k s atl cn t nhim v phn tch h thng ln hng u. Cc bc lp k hoch ng ph s c v ha cht: 1.nhn din cc mi nguy ca tt c cc ha cht ti ni lm vc. 2.son tho quy trnh ng ph s c ph hp vs cc mi nguy o 3.o to v chun b sn sang cc tbi ng ph vs cc s c theo quy trnh ny. Quy trnh ng phs c trn ha cht: Mt chi tittngbc thc hin khixy ras c baogm: Quy nhv trch nhim; Phng thc trao i thng tin; Hng dns dng thit b ng phs c; Thu gom v x l ha cht trn . :Ni dungca quy trnh ng ph cng cp n:

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Danhmc cc PTBVCN, thitb an ton vvt liu thm ht cn thit cho vic ng phs c ha cht (gng tay, thitb h hp,.) vhngdns dng; Quy trnh xc nh vng nguy him; Thitb PCCC; Cc thng chavt liu thm ht; Quy trnh thc hins cpcu. quy trnh x l s c trn ha cht: 1 Khixy ras c, ngaylptccnh bo cho gim st v nhng ngi lm vic trong khuvcxy ras c rr hoc trn ha cht bit. Thc hins tn nu cn thit; 2 Trong trnghp c chy hoc c ngi b thng th phigi ngay cho i ng cu khncp; 3 Gip ngib hoc nghi ng b nhim ha cht,cib ngay o qun b nhim ha cht v ra vng da bng nc sch t nht 15 pht; 4 Nu ha chtb rr hoc trn l htd bayhi, chtd chy th ngay lptccnh bo, kim sot ngunla v thng gi khuvc; 5 Ngi thc hin x l ha cht trn phi s dng PTBVCN ph hp. 6 Bov h thng thotnc, ngn nga ha cht thm vo trong t vnc ngm. Trong trnghpcn thit,vt liuhp th c th c t xung quanhcng rnh 7 Khi ha cht trn c thm/hp th, dng chi v xc thu gom vo thit b cha phhp. 8 Dn nhn thng cha ha cht,vt liu hp th c thu gom 9 Lm sch b mt ni xy ra trn ha chts dng cht ty ra nh hoc nc khi c th 10Bo cos c Ch khi s dng thit b bo v hhp: 1 Vics dng thitb h tr hhp haymtn dng kh (SCBA) phi qua oto v c kim tra sc khe. 2 NG BAO GIi vo vng khng khb nhim ha cht khi khng c PTBVCN hocs dng thitb bov hhp khi cha c oto. 3 Khis dng thitb bov hhp i vo vng khng kh nhim phi chc chn c ngi gc bn ngoi. Trong trnghp khncp m khng c ngi bn ngoi th phi ch i ngcu khncp n. ptbvcn in trn ha cht -knh chng ha cht (chemical splash goggles) -gng tay chng ha cht (khuyn cos dnggng tay Silver Shield hoc 4H) -giy chng ha cht, chi, xng, ming thm du, sdt khn cp,bin cnh bo -q.o chng ha cht hoctpd chng ha cht, Vt liu: -Vt liu thm ht/hp th: gi thm ha cht trn: Vd: 3M POWERSORB ti ht ha cht (spill sock): vd: 3M POWERSORB -vl trung ha: = Vt liu trung ha axit = Vt liu trung ha baz + ccvt liu thngmi nh: Neutrasorb (cho axit) v Neutracit-2 (cho bazo) c musc thay i ch th cho vic trung ha hon thnh. = dung mi trung ha

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+ cc dung mi thngmi nh: Solusorb c tcdng gim lnghi ha cht vtng im flashpointcahnhp Cng c thu gom 1.Gt xcvt liu Polypropylene hocxng Chi thu gom (Polypropylene) 2. 2 ti Polypropylene Bng keo dn (sealing tape) Giy qu kim tra p 3. Nhn cht thi Bincnh bo s cu TIP XC VI DA V O QUN -Ngaylptcra (flush)schbngnc t nht 15 pht (ngoi tr Hydroflouric axit, cht rnd chy, ha cht c hmlng phenol >10%).S dng vi hoa sen (safety shower) ivi trnghp ha cht trn nhiu. -Trong khira (rinse), nhanh chngcib tt c qun o hoc trangscb nhim ha cht. Ch khici o pull hoc oc chui trnh ha cht dnh vomt. -Tham kho MSDS nhn bit cc tc ng tim tngca ha cht. -KHNG CRA dabng dung mi: dung misnhhng nlpdut nhinbov da v c th gy kch ng v vim da. --Trongmt s trnghp dung mi c th lm giatngs hp th ca ha cht c. -Dab dnh chtrnd chy: trc tin phi lmsch chtrn trn da (phi, qut) , sau thc hin ccbcx l nu trn. -Dab dnh Hydrofluoric axit: rabngncsch 5 pht v calcium gluconate gel. Sau lm theohngdnca bcs. -Dab dnh phenol >10%: ra (flush)bngncsch 15 pht hoc cho n khi vng da chuynt trng sanghng. Bi polyethylene glycol. KHNG c dng ethanol. Sau tiptc ccbc nu trn. TIP XC VI MT 1 Ngaylptcra (flush)mtbngncsch t nht 15 pht.Mt phi cm ra, nhncu phi c lun chuyn ttc cc din tchb mt crasch. Nns dng vinc phun ramt tay ct do gi chomtm.Nu khng c vira mt, nc vomt,rat mi ra ngoi trnh nhim vng mt khngbnhhng. 2 Tho knh p trng (nu c) trong khiramt (rinse) 3 Tham kho kin ca bc s HT PHI 1.ng tbi/thng cha ha cht, m ca thng gi or bin php # thng gi.di chuyn n ni c i trong lnh. 2. nu pht hin c cc triu chng nh:au u, kch ugwns mi vf c hng, chng mt,bun ng ko di th gi ngay cho y t 3. tham kho MSDS x cc nh hng tim tng i vs sk QFD (Quality Function Deployment) Cc bc thc hin ti u an ton lao ng Bc 1: Xc nh cc nhm lin quan cng nh k vng ca h, t thit lp cc chun u ra. Cc nhm lin quan c th l nh cng nhn vn hnh, k s thit k, gim c nh my cng nh cc nhm khc. Bc 2: Xc nh cc yu t ri ro c trong nh my/phn xng v a ra nguyn nhn ca cc ri ro . Bc 3: Xc nh mc ri ro cho cc nguy c trn

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Bc 4: So snh Bc 5: nh gi cc ri ro hin ti v xc nh cc thay i cn thit. Bc 6: La chn cc yu t ri ro ci tin. Bc 3 c vai tr quan trng trong k thut an ton lao ng. Do , bc ny c chn gii thiu cch thc hin theo QFD. Ting n Ting n l tp hp nhng m thanh khc nhau v cng v tn s gy ra cho con ngi cm gic kh chu Cc ngun pht sinh: t nhin hoc nhn to Khi thng xuyn tip xc ting n vt qu tiu chun cho php, cc tn thng cp tnh c kh nng hi phc s chuyn thnh khng hi phc v thnh bnh mn tnh Bin php k thut - Cch ly, c lp ting n -S dng quy trnh cng ngh c mc n thp, bo dng cc thit b nh k gim ting n -S dng iu khin t xa, t ng ha Boh lao ng Nt tai,Bt tai, S dng nt tai hoc bt tai c th gim c 28 dB gii tn s (1200-2400 Hz) Cc bin php an ton lao ng *Bin phpk thut An ton khi khing vc hng ha An ton khis dng xe y T th ngi Mtbng lm vic, nh sng, ting n An ton lm vic khi lm vicvi ha cht *Trang thitb boh c nhn Phng tinbov c nhn Bov mt Bov tay Cng thi hc My mc, thit b phi ph hp vi sinh l ca ng l, k ng l pahir lm vic trong t th g b hoc qu cng thng, i vs cc my mc c kch thc chiu cao k ph hp vs ng.