BÁO CÁO THỰC TẬP

B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCM

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN
BO CO THC TP
ti: Lp rp,ci t v sa cha my tnh
SV thc hin
: Phm nh Hi
MSSV
: 10233001
GVHD
: Bi Cng Danh
Lp
: NCTH4C
Chuyn Nghnh : Cng ngh mng
Kha
: 2010-2013
TP.HCM, ngy 25 thng 3 nm 2013
Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh
Phm nh Hi_10233001
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
Page 2
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCM
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN
BO CO THC TP
Cng ty TNHH TM&DV vin thng Tm Minh Sn
ti: Lp rp,ci t v sa cha my tnh
SV thc hin
: Phm nh Hi
MSSV
: 10233001
GVHD
: Bi Cng Danh
Lp
: NCTH4C
Chuyn Nghnh : Cng ngh mng
Kha
: 2010-2013
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 3
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 4
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
KIN V NHN XT CA C QUAN THC TP

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Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 5
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
LI M U
Trong khong 10 nm tr v trc my tnh cn rt xa l i vi chng ta v khi
nghnh cng ngh thng tin vn cha c pht trin. Nhng nhng nm gn y
nghnh cng ngh thng tin nh du nhng bc t ph ln trn th gii ni
chung v vit nam ni ring, n chim u th rng ri trong tt c cc nghnh
ngh v c trong mi trng o to.
c c nhng chic my tnh tt c th phc v cho cc cng ty doanh
nghip, hon thnh tt cng vic ca mnh th i hi chic my phi m bo
cht lng v vy em chn ti l lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh.Vi ti
ny em mun mnh tm hiu su hn v nguyn l hot ng cng nh cch sa
cha phn cng v phn mm.
Trong bi bo co ny c th cn nhiu thiu st do em cn thiu kinh nghim v
kin thc cn nhiu hn ch, knh mong cc thy, c gp bi bo co thc tp
ca em c hon thin hn.
EM XIN CHN THNH CM N!
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 6
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
LI CM N
L mt sinh vin trng H.Cng Nghip TP.HCM, khoa cng ngh thng tin. Trong
qu trnh thc tp va qua tuy c gp phi mt s kh khn nhng c s hng dn tn
tnh ca thy Bi Cng Danh, gim c Hunh nh Sn, cc anh trong phng k thut
v cc thnh vin trong cng ty, cng nhiu ngun ti liu khc m em c th hon thnh
tt c bi bo co ny. Cng nh hc hi v rt ra c nhng kinh nghim qu bu t
thc t cho bn thn. Nhng vn trong bi bo co ny c th cn nhiu thiu st do em
cn thiu kinh nghim v kin thc cn nhiu hn ch, knh mong cc thy, c gp bi
bo co thc tp ca em c hon thin hn.
EM XIN CHN THNH CM N!
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 7
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
GII THIU KHI QUT V CNG TY TNHH TM V DV TN

MINH SN
Tn cng ty: Cng ty TNHH MTV TM DV TN MINH SN
Tn giao dch: TN MINH SN
a ch: 25 Phan Vn Tr, P 10, Qun G Vp, TP.HCM
in thoi: 0862731782 0862731781
Fax: 0862731780
Email: hunhminhson2004@yahoo.com
Vn iu l: 1.450.000.000
M s thu: 4102063817
Ngnh ngh kinh doanh:
Bun bn PC,Laptop, linh kin, thit b my tnh
Bo hnh, sa cha my tnh, thit b ngoai vi thit b mng.
Nhn bo tr h thng mng my tnh cho cc cng ty i tc
Lch s hnh thnh
Cng ty TNHH MTV TM DV TN MINH SN c thnh lp vo ngy 8/6/2008
theo giy php kinh doanh s 4102063817 do S K Hoch v u T TP.HCM cp.
Tng gim c: Hunh nh Sn
C cu t chc ca cng ty: Tng gim c v cc b my tha hnh
i din php lut ca cng ty l Tng Gim c
Qu trnh pht trin ca cng ty
Trong qu trnh hot ng cng ty c S K Hoch v u T TP.HCM cp b sung
cc giy chng nhn kinh doanh thay i sau:
Giy chng nhn kinh doanh thay i ln th nht ngy 11/2/2010 v vic thay i
ngnh ngh kinh doanh.
Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh thay i ln th hai ngy 3/1/2011 v vic tng
vn iu l.
Nhn s: Khi mi thnh lp cng ty ch c 7 nhn vin, hin nay cng ty c hn 40 nhn
vin.
C s vt cht: Vn phng lm vic, kho, nh n ca cn b cng nhn vin.
Phng tin vn ti gm: 1 xe ti hiu Huyndai, 1 t hiu Toyota.
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 8
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
Mc Lc
Mc Lc........................................................................................... 9
CHNG 1 : GII THIU TNG QUAN V MY TNH......................11
1.1 Lch s ca my tnh c nhn...............................................11
1.2 phn cng v phn mm......................................................11
1.3 CPU...................................................................................... 12
1.4 Cc loi b nh....................................................................13
1.5 H thng BUS.......................................................................13
1.6 Cc thit b nhp xut..........................................................13
CHNG 2 : LP RP MY TNH....................................................14
2.1 Chn thit b ph hp...........................................................14
2.2 Tnh tng thch khi chon thit b.........................................14
2.3 Chun b linh kin cho mt b my tnh...............................14
2.4 Quy trnh lp rp..................................................................18
2.4.1 Hng dn tng quan.....................................................18
2.4.2 Hng dn chi tit..........................................................20
CHNG 3: CI T MY TNH.....................................................29
3.1 Thit Lp Bios....................................................................... 29
3.2 Hng dn chia a...........................................................31
3.3 Ci t h iu hnh windows XP.........................................36
3.4 Ci t Driver.......................................................................43
3.5 Gii quyt cc li khi lp rp v ci t ...............................45
CHNG 4: SA CHA MY TNH.................................................48
4.1 S lc v kim tra trc khi sa cha.................................48
4.2 Cc h hng c bn v cch sa cha.................................48
4.3 Cc h hng lin quan n phn cng:................................49
CHNG 5: KT LUN..................................................................60
5.1 Kt lun................................................................................ 60
5.2 Ti liu tham kho................................................................ 60
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 9
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
LCH THC TP
Ngy/Thng
STT
/Nm
Cng Vic
c giao
10/01/2013
-01/02/2013
Lm quen
v lp rp
my tnh
bn
01/02/2013
-20/2/2013
Ci t
my tnh
20/2/2013
-10/3/2013
Sa cha
my tnh
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Tin
Xc
Nhn
L Do
Thc
Ca C
Hin Tr Ngi Quan
TT
(%)
SV
Thc
Tp
Phm
nh
Hi
100
%
90%
Cha c
kinh
nghim
Phm
nh
Hi
80%
Cha c
kinh
nghim
Phm
nh
Hi
Page 10
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
CHNG 1 : GII THIU TNG QUAN V MY

TNH
1.1 Lch s ca my tnh c nhn
My vi tnh u tin ra i vo 1981 do IBM a ra. N nhanh chng chim lnh c th
trng. My vi tnh bao gm cc phn sau: CPU, thit b vo, thit b ra, b nh trong v
b nh ngoi. Xt theo gc lp rp, cc b phn trn c lp ni thnh khi x l trung
tm v khi cc thit b ngoi vi ca mt dn my vi tnh.
Cc b phn nm trong khi x l trung tm
Bo mch ch (mainboard) gm: CPU, RAM, b nh cache, ROM c cha chng tr.nh
BIOS, cc chip set l cc b iu khin, cc cng ni I/O, bus, v cc slot m rng.
Cc loi a: a mm, a cng, CD,DVD
Cc mch m rng: video card, network card, card m thanh, card modem ...
Ngun v v my
Cc thit b ngoi vi
Bn phm, Chut, My in, My Scan, Loa, a cm ngoi, Modem
1.2 phn cng v phn mm

Phn cng: l cc thit b vt l m ta c th nhn thy c. (CPU, Mainboard, Ram)
vv
Phn mm: l cc chng trnh trn h iu hnh a nhim (Windows) v n nhim
(DOS). v cc phn mm ng dng nh Office, Vietkey, BKAV. BIOS-CMOS l chng
trnh nhp xut c s ca h thng, c nh sn xut tch hp trn bo mch ch, gi vai
tr l cu ni gia cc thit b phn cng vi h iu hnh v thc hin cc lnh ra vo c
bn.
Khi lp rp hoc sa cha my tnh ta phi tm hiu cc b phn phn cng, ci t h
thng qua BIOS v ci t my, ci t h iu hnh v cc ng dng.
Phm nh Hi_10233001
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GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
Hnh 1.2.1: s cu trc my tnh

My tnh l mt h thng gm nhiu thit b c lin kt vi nhau thng qua mt bo mch
ch, s lin kt ny c iu khin bi CPU v h thng phn mm hng dn, mi thit
b trong h thng c mt chc nng ring bit, trong c ba thit b quan trng nht l
CPU, Mainboard v b nh RAM.
1.3 CPU
CPU ( Center Processor Unit ) - n v x l trung tm : L mt linh
kin quan trng nht ca my tnh, c v nh b no ca con ngi, ton b qu trnh x
l, tnh ton v iu khin u c thc hin ti y.
CPU hot ng hon ton ph thuc vo cc m lnh , m lnh l tn hiu s dng 0,1
c dch ra t cc cu lnh lp trnh, nh vy CPU s khng lm g c nu khng c cc
cu lnh hng dn.
Khi ta chy mt chng trnh, d liu ca chng trnh c np ln RAM, kt hp vi
cc iu khin ca ngi dng, d liu c cp nht t RAM ln CPU x l, trc tin
n ti ln b nh Cache, CPU s thao tc vi d liu trong b nh Cache v kt qu x l
cng a tm v Cache trc khi a xung RAM. Trong lc x l th thanh ghi l b nh
lm vic trc tip vi khi ALU, ALU l khi thc hin ton b cc php tnh ton logic,
kt qu x l cng cha vo thanh ghi sau chuyn ra b nh
Phm nh Hi_10233001
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GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
Cache ri chuyn xung b nh RAM. Khi iu khin chuyn gii m lnh to ra cc

lnh iu khin iu khin cc qu trnh hot ng ca ton b h thng.
1.4 Cc loi b nh
B nh trong: B nh l thnh phn quan trng th hai trong h thng my tnh, khng
c b nh th my tnh khng th hot ng c, trong my tnh c hai loi b nh hay
dng nht l RAM v ROM.
B nh RAM ( Random Access Memory - B nh truy cp ngu nhin ): B nh ny
lu cc chng trnh phc v trc tip cho qu trnh x l ca CPU, b nh RAM ch lu
tr d liu tm thi v d liu s b xo khi mt in.
B nh ROM ( Read Olly Memory - B nh ch c ): y l b nh c nh, d liu
khng b mt khi mt in, b nh ny dng np cc chng trnh BIOS (Basic Input
Output System - Chng trnh vo ra c s) y l chng trnh phc v cho qu trnh
khi ng my tnh v chng trnh qun l cu hnh ca my.
B nh ngoi: B nh ngoi bao gm cng, a mm, a CD, DVD, cng USB, th
nh v cc thit b lu tr khc.
1.5 H thng BUS
y l tc tryn d liu gia thit b vi cc Chipset.
V d : Tc truyn d liu gia CPU vi Chipset cu bc chnh l tc Bus ca CPU,
tc truyn gia Ram vi Chipset cu bc gi l tc Bus ca Ram (thng gi tt l
Bus Ram ) v tc truyn gia khe AGP vi Chipset l Bus ca Card Video AGP.
ng Bus l Bus ca CPU, Bus ca RAM v Bus ca Card AGP c vai tr c bit
quan trng i vi mt Mainboard v n cho bit Mainboard thuc th h no v h tr
loi CPU, loi RAM v loi Card Video no.
1.6 Cc thit b nhp xut
Thit b nhp L nhng thit b nhp d liu vo my tnh nh bn phm, chut, my
qut, my scan...
Thit b xut L nhng thit b hin th v xut d liu t my tnh. Thit b xut bao gm
mn hnh, n chiu, my in...
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 13
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
CHNG 2 : LP RP MY TNH
2.1 Chn thit b ph hp
Chn thit b l vic lm cn thit khi lp mt b my vi tnh, nu thit b chn khng ng
cch c th lm cho my chy khng n inh, khng ti u v tc hoc khng p ng
c cng vic .
Chn tc cn da trn cc yu t
Mc ch s dng my tnh
Tnh tng thch ca thit b
Chn thit b theo mc ch s dng: My tnh s dng cho cc cng vic ho nh:
V thit k, X l nh, Chi Game 3D, To phim hot hnh.Th cn thit phi s dng cu
hnh:
Chp Pentium tc t 1,8 GHz tr ln .
B nh RAM t 512MB tr ln
Mainboard c Card video ri
Card video 8x vi b nh 32MB tr ln.
cng t 40GB tr ln .
Nu cu hnh thp hn th my s chm v khng m bo cho cng vic, nu cu hnh cao
hn th cng tt .
My tnh s dng cho cc cng vic vn phng nh: Son tho vn bn, Truy cp
Internet, Hc tp, Nghe nhc, xem phim v Cc cng vic khc. Th c th s dng cu
hnh:
Chp Celeron
B nh RAM t 512MB tr xung
Mainboard c Card video Onboard
cng t 40G tr xung .
Vi cu hnh nh vy th ta c th tit kim c khong 30% chi ph so vi b my cu
hnh cao m vn m bo cho cng vic.
Nu cu hnh cao hn th cng tt nhng s khng cn thit nu iu kin kinh ph hn hp.
2.2 Tnh tng thch khi chon thit b
Trong my tnh c 3 thit b c tnh tng thch, ta phi chn ng b nu khng c th
chng s khng hot ng hoc khng pht huy ht tc dng, ba thit b l: Mainboard,
CPU v B nh RAM.
Ba thit b ny rng buc tc Bus, ta hy chn theo nguyn tc sau :
Chn Mainboard trc, Main phi p ng c cc yu cu ca cng vic s dng
Chn CPU c tc Bus ( FSB ) nm trong phm vi Mainboard h tr .
Chn RAM c tc Bus > = 50% tc Bus ca CPU.
2.3 Chun b linh kin cho mt b my tnh

Mt b my tnh ti thiu cn nhng thit b sau:
Case ( Hp my )
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 14
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
Case l v my, hy chn case sao cho m bo c thong mt cho my, b ngun
thng i theo case hoc bn ri, ta nn dng ngun c cng sut > = 350W.
Ngun in: l ni chuyn in t ngoi vo trong my. Ngun in l thit b quan
trng trong vic gi cho in p n nh, gip cc thit b trong case c an ton khi c s
c. Ngun in c cng sut ln ph hp vi nhng my gn nhiu thit b tiu tn in
nng nh qut lm mt bng nc, cng c tc quay cao, DVD nhiu chc nng..
Hnh 2.3.1: case

Mainboard
Mainboard l thit b quan trng nht m ta cn quan tm, Mainboard n quyt nh
trc tip n tc v bn ca my, nn chn mainboard ca cc hng uy tn nh Intel,
Gigaby, Asus, v mt s hng khc v c s dng chipset ca Intel.
Khi chn Mainboard cn quan tm n Socket v FSB ca CPU v Bus ca Ram.
Hnh 2.3.2: mainboard

CPU
Phi chn CPU thch hp vi Mainboard m ta chn v CPU phi c tc m bo
vi yu cu cng vic ca khch hng.
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 15
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
Hnh 2.3.3: CPU

RAM
Ta phi chn RAM c dung lng m bo cho yu cu cng vic ca khch hng, Cn
tc Bus th ph thuc vo Bus ca CPU.
Hnh 2.3.4: Ram

Card Video ( Nu Mainboard cha c )
Card Video ri, dung lng RAM trn Card video cng ln th cho php ta x l c cc
bc nh p hn v khi chi Game nh khng b git, cn tc bao nhiu "x" ca Card
phi ph thuc vo Mainboard.
Hnh 2.3.5: Card video ri.

cng HDD
Ta c th mua cng t 10GB tr ln l my c th chy bnh thng vi Win XP, tuy
nhin ta nn chn dung lng gp 2 ln dung lng s s dng l tt nht, khng nn
dng qu ln trong khi dung lng s dng qu t.
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 16
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
Hnh 2.3.6: cng HDD.

Keyboard
Ta c th ch mt bn phm bt k theo s thch.
Hnh 2.3.7: Bn phm

Mouse
Ta c th ch mt con chut bt k theo s thch.
Hnh 2.3.8: Mouse

V b my tnh y cn b xung cc thit b sau :
Ta c th lp hay khng lp CD Rom u c, nhng khi mun ci t phn mm ta
phi cn n n, c th dng CD Rom c hay mi u c m khng nh hng n
tng thch ca my.
Hnh 2.3.9: cd-rom

Card Sound ( Nu Mainboard cha c )
Nu Mainboard ta chn m khng c Card sound on board th s khng nghe c nhc,
c th nghe nhc ta cn lp thm Card sound ri.
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 17
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
Hnh 2.3.10: card sound

Speaker (Loa)
Ta c th mua mt b loa bt k ty theo s thch
Hnh 2.3.11: Speaker (Loa)

Card Net ( Nu Mainboard cha c )
Hnh 2. 3.12: Card net
2.4 Quy trnh lp rp

2.4.1 Hng dn tng quan
Kim tra b ngun:
Ta ni dy in ngun (dy cp b mu en c 4 dy con) n cng tc Power, ch l c
2 loi cng tc l nhn v bt ln xung, ta phi xem s hng dn trn nhn b ngun
ni cho ng v cch xp t chn 2 loi khc nhau. Ni dy cp in 5VDC cho mt
hin s (xem cch ni trong t giy hng dn km theo thng my). Sau ng cng tc
ngun, qut ca b ngun phi quay v bng hin s phi sng (khng iu khin c do
cha ni dy vo mainboard) nu b ngun tt. B ngun khng c pht ting ng l
nh: h, rt, lch xch
Rp a:
Rp cc a mm, a cng, a CD-ROM vo thng my, gn cc dy cp tn hiu
cho chng nhng khoan gn cp cp in.
Rp Mainboard:
Rp mainboard ln ming st bn hng thng my. Gn y cc cht m bng
nha. C gng bt 2 con c c nh cho mainboard, tt nht l nn lt thm ming lt
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 18
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
cch in cho phn c v c xit trnh chm in khi mainboard x dch. Cn c vo

sch hng dn, kim tra v set li cc Jumper cho ng vi loi CPU. Cn quan tm ti
Jumper Volt v nu set sai CPU s n trong 1 thi gian ngn (thng in th ca Pentium
l 3V). Mc d bo mch ch c gn v tr c nh bn trong hp my, v tr ca cc
card tch hp sn v cc loi (cng, mm, CD) trong khoang c th thay i n mt gii
hn no . Tuy nhin, tt hn ht l t chng cch xa nhau v dy cp ni b chng mt
on kh ln. cc thit b xa nhau cng to khong khng gian thong, trnh tng tc
in t gy hi.
Rp Ram
Mainboard 486 cho php ta s dng t 1 cy Ram n 4 cy (c 4 bank). Mainboard
Pentium bt buc phi gn 1 cp 2 cy Ram cho 1 Bank (c 2 bank).Ta cn xc nh chiu
gn Ram bng cch t u chn khuyt cnh ca Ram vo u c g chn ca bank.
Khng nn trn ln va EDORAM va DRAM,hay R1,R2 ch nn dng 1 loi cho bo
m.
Rp cc dy cm tn hiu lnh:
Nn rp cc dy cm ca thng my ln Mainboard trc khi rp Card trnh vng v
khi rp card ta d chn Slot hn. c k sch hng dn ca Mainboard cm cc u
y cho ng i vi n bo khi khng ln ch cn xoay ngc u cm li, khng s h
hng i vi nt Turbo khi nt c tc dng ngc, ta cng lm nh trn. Dy Reset v dy
Loa khng phn bit u, cm sao cng c.
Ch l c mainboard khng c u ni cho nt Turbo (Turbo vnh vin), c khi ta phi
tch dy n Turbo t bng n cm trc tip vo u cm Turbo Led trn mainboard.
Rp Card:
Bnh thng my cu hnh chun ch c card mn hnh PCI.Ta cm card vo slot no trong
4 slot PCI cng c. Cc card b sung nh: Sound, Modem, Netware, MPEG, thng l
cm vo 4 Slot ISA. Trc khi cm ch t card vo Slot xem th c khp khng, nu
khng phi x dch mainboard hay ming st cho khp ri mi cho phn chn n su
vo Slot. Nn lun phin t u mt cho d xung.Ta nn rp ch mt mnh card mn
hnh cho d c nhiu card.
Rp CPU:
Ch cm cnh khuyt ca CPU vo ng cnh khuyt ca cm (cnh khuyt l cnh
thiu 1 chn hay l gc vung). Khi cm, so khp chn vi l ri th nh nhng CPU
xung. Khi CPU khng t xung c th do cn gt cha gt ln ht c hay chn CPU b
cong cn phi nn li. Nu cm cn mi, ch cn nh tay l xung. Tuyt i khng
c dng sc CPU xung khi n khng t xung c, c th lm gy chn CPU (coi
nh b).
Rp dy tn hiu a:
Cm cp tn hiu vo u ni FDD trn mainboard hay trn Card I/O ri. Phi ch u
cho ng u dy s 1 ca cp vo ng chn s 1 ca u ni.
Rp dy cp in cho a
u tin ch nn rp dy cp cp in cho a mm khi ng Test my. Sau khi my
chy tt mi ni cho cc a cn li.
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 19
GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
Rp cp in cho Mainboard:
Khi ni cp cp in cho Mainboard, ch l 4 dy en phi nm st nhau v nm gia.
Rp ngc cp c th lm h Mainboard hay cht cc con chp. Tm gn cc dy li thnh
tng b, ct v c nh vo ch no gn. Trnh dy chm vo qut gii nhit ca CPU,
to khong trng ti a cho khng kh lu thng d dng trong thng my.
2.4.2 Hng dn chi tit

Trc khi t bo mch ch, cn phi bo m rng case ca mnh c c vt nh v cho
bo mch. Mt s case c cc l bt vt v vt i km, tuy nhin ta vn cn d phng thm.
Hnh 2.4.1: c nh v cho bo mch

Cc cng c cn thit: Tua vt, thi gian, s kin nhn, mt s loi bng dnh. Th u
tin cn phi thc hin l bt u g b mt cch cn thn nhng thnh phn m chng ta
va chn v, c bit l b vi x l.
Lp rp b vi x l vo bo mch ch trc khi t bo mch ch vo trong case, iu
s lm cho thao tc d dng hn v qu trnh thao tc cng nhanh hn trong trng hp ta
thc hin lp t bo mch ch trc. M cc cht trn socket ca b vi x l

cn phi tho c phn plastic mng bo v cc chn cm. Lu rng cc hng
dn s dng cho cc b vi x l ca Intel c th khng ging nhau.
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Hnh 2.4.3: plastic

Sau ci t mt cch cn thn b vi x l vo, cn phi bo m ging ng cc cht
gi. ng kha cht mt cch cn thn sau khi cm xong CPU. Cho n lc ny vn cn
phi i gn qut cho ti khi bo mch ch c t an ton vo ng v tr ca n.
Hnh 2.4.4: Rp CPU

Bo mch ch thng i km vi n l mt mnh kim loi y pha sau, chnh l v
tr cc cng ra vo ca bo mch. Ta cn phi t tm kim loi ny trc khi cho bo mch
ch vo trong case.
Hnh 2.4.5: Tm kim loi cc cng ra vo

Lc ny hy t mt cch cn thn bo mch ch cm b vi x l vo trong case,
khp vi cc li v cc ly gi.
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Hnh 2.4.6: t bo mch vo case

Cn bo m rng cc u ra vo ca cc cng trn bo mch ch ng vi cc l
trong tm c l cc cngta c th iu chnh cc phn kim loi ca tm y pha

sau nu chng khng thch hp, v c th chng b b cong khi vn chuyn.
Hnh 2.4.7: bo mch khp vi tm kim loi

Lc ny dng tua vt bt cht bo mch ch vo case ca. Hu ht cc bo mch ch
u c n 9 l bt vt. Th quan trng nht lc ny l nn t tt c cc c vo cc l bt
ca chng, khng nn vn mt c no qu cht, ch cn vn va bo mch ch
khng b chuyn ri sai v tr, sau ln lt vn cht dn cc c g.
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Hnh 2.4.8: Dng tua vit bt cht vo case

Bc tip theo ta cn phi cm cc u cp mt s bo mch ch c cp ngun bn
chn cn phi c cm gn b vi x l. Ta nn cm cp trc khi lp qut cho b vi x l
d thao tc hn.
Hnh 2.4.9: Cm cc u cp
Lc ny ta c th lp qut ca b vi x l vo c ri, hy thc hin mt cch cn
thn, ch sao cho khp vi cc l v phi bo m rng hng c th cm c cp
vo ngun cp. Cn phi iu chnh bn c cht chng c nh v ng theo hng
dn s dng.
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Hnh 2.4.10: Lp qut vo

Khi qut c lp ng v tr, cn n mnh vo bn cht nh v trong mt cch cho
nhau.
v d: ta nhn cht gi gc trn bn phi trc, sau nhn cht gc
di bn tri.
Hnh 2.4.11: n bn con c qut

Tip n ta cn kt ni cc dy ca bo mch ch vi cc dy dn n cc nt cp ngun
v cc nt khi ng li. Cch thc thc hin v v tr s khc nhau nu cc bo mch bn
s dng khc nhau, chnh v vy cn kim tra chnh xc cc v tr c ghi trong hng dn
s dng ca mi mt loi bo mch ch.
Sau khi cm xong cc dy ni ny, ta cn kt ni tip cc cp audio, USB, v cc cp
khc vi case ca ta, cc kt ni ngun ca bo mch ch.
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Hnh 2.4.12: u dy ngun

Lp a phng tin
a quang nh CD hay DVD c/ghi u c ni vi bo mch ch bng cp IDE v
ngun in nh cng. Tuy nhin, nhng my cha c CD/DVD, phi mua thm dy
cp khi mun lp thm loi ny.
Phn chn rm quy nh chnh/ph nm bn cnh b chn cm cp IDE. Thng th s
cho chn rm ny c in ni hoc dp chm trn b mt , tng ng vi v tr ca
chn cm. M l vit tt cho master, S l vit tt cho slave.
Phn khe cm 4 chn bn cnh dnh ni cp tn hiu analog t CD-ROM
vo card m thanh. Nu a phng tin c h tr Digital Audio th cm cp vo

khe tng ng v ni u cn li vi card sound. G b ming nha khoang trn
thng my v a CD vo khoang, vt inh c cn thn 2 bn. Khi y CD nh
ra pha trc, ch khng b lch, trnh tnh trng kt khay cha a.Lc ny
hy ngm ngha v trt a DVD vo ng v tr ca n.
Cn phi ging ng mt trc ca a DVD sao cho ph hp trc khi bt cht cc c
bn cnh. Nn nh rng a DVD hot ng s rt rung nn ta cn phi bt tht cht cc
c gi hai bn ca n.
Hnh 2.4.13: Rp cd v cp
Lc ny c th lp a cng vo case. Ta nn lp lm sao qut ca case c th lm
mt c cng. C th kt ni cp SATA hoc IDE trc khi lp cng cng c
nhng cn phi bo m bt cht bn c g hai bn trnh ting n trong khi hot ng.
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Cc lu tr (cng, mm) v a phng tin u dng cp d liu IDE hoc cp ATA

kt ni vi bo mch ch. Mt dy cp c th ni vi 2 cng loi mt lc, to ra s tin
li cho ngi s dng.
Hnh 2.4.14: cng

Khi mun cm 2 cng trn cng 1 my, ta phi ch . n phn chn rm nm gia v
s trn mt . Lc ny, phi quy nh chnh (master) v ph (slave) theo s ny.
Chn rm mu trng s c ko ra khi ch ban u ca nh sn xut v cm vo v tr
ng (v d cm vo v tr s 2 lm master, s 3 lm slave). Sau , s phi thit
lp quy nh ny trong BIOS.
Hnh 2.4.14: Rp cng

Cho n y, lp t gn ht cc thnh phn chnh vo ng ch thch hp, tuy
nhin cc cp vn cn ang lng lng v rt nguy him. Chnh v vy ta cn phi s dng
s si tht hoc bng dnh c nh cc dy cp lng lng ny. Vn ny ty thuc vo
thm m ca mi ngi, nn lm sao cho cc cp c gn gng nht trnh cc hin
tng kh thao tc cho cc thnh phn khc cn phi lp sau ny.
Ta cn phi lu rng, i vi mt s case, nu lp RAM trc s khng th lp c
cng chnh v vy chng ta cn phi ch i lp t xong a cng trc .
Chuyn sang cng on lp RAM, trc tin phi tra cu trong hng dn s dng
ch ra xem khe b nh no cn s dng. Tip n, cn phi bo m tho cc ly gi hai
u. t bn RAM vo khe slot v nhn xung, hai ming nha mu trng hai bn s t
ng "qup" cht khi thanh RAM vo khe va vn. Trn bo mch c ch t vi thanh v
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dung lng ca chng s c cng vi nhau. Trong trng hp RAM hng, ta ch cn

nhc ra khi khe v cm li RAM mi. Cch cm SDRAM, DDRAM, RDRAM...c i
cht khc bit.
Ta s thy c mt kha hnh ch V trong b nh dng ch th rng ch c th cm
theo mt hng no . nh v kha ch V v n mnh thanh RAM vo ng v tr ca
khe cm, cn phi bo m rng cc ly gi hai u lt vo ng v tr khuyt gi cht
thanh RAM.
Hnh 2.4.15: Cch rp RAM

Lc ny ta c th lp thm video card hay bt c thnh phn ph no khc. Tuy nhin
cn phi tho ming kim loi ng v tr m nh cm cc card b sung ny.
Hnh 2.4.16:Cch gng card video

Sau khi kim tra xong, ta c th ng lp case tr li.
Tip n cm mn hnh v bt my
Khi ng u tin: y l thi im quan trng nht trong qu trnh rp my. Kim tra ln
cui cng ri bt my. Nu mi vic u n, trong vng 10 giy, mn hnh phi ln v
BIOS tin hnh kim tra my. Nu trong 10 giy , mn hnh khng ln l c chuyn gay
go, phi lp tc
tt my v kim tra li cc thnh phn sau: Jumper: Kim tra li cc jumper tc
mainboard, tc CPU, in th CPU c ng cha?
DRAM: Coi chng Ram cha cm khp vo , cm li Ram tht cn thn, y l li
thng xy ra nht. CPU: Kim tra li chiu cm ca CPU, kim tra xem c chn no cong
do c nhn xung khng? Li ny him nhng vn xy ra cho nhng ngi t kinh
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nghim. Khi nn li chn phi nh nhng v dt khot, trnh b i b li nhiu ln s lm

gy chn. Card mn hnh: Kim tra xem chn card mn hnh xung c ht khng? hay th
i qua Slot khc xem sau. Trng hp card mn hnh b h hay ng mainboard rt him.
Nu tt c u ng nhng my vn khng khi ng c, cn lin h vi ni bn
mainboard v xc xut li do mainboard l cao nht trong cc thnh phn cn li. C
trng hp mainboard b chm do 2 con c khng c lt cch in. C trng hp
cn phi set cc jumper khc vi sch hng dn (ch c ngi bn mi bit). Nu my
khi ng tt, tin hnh RP hon chnh my. Ch trong giai on ny ta nn s dng
xc lp mc nhin (default) trong Bios, khi no my hon chnh v chy n nh mi
set Bios li sau.
Hnh 2.4.17 Khi ng my
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CHNG 3: CI T MY TNH
3.1 Thit Lp Bios
BIOS thc hin chc nng g ?
Phn mm BIOS m nhim nhiu vai tr khc nhau, nhng vai tr quan trng nht l
np h iu hnh. Khi ta bt my tnh v b vi x l c gng thc hin lnh u tin, n
cn phi nhn c lnh t mt ni no . N khng th nhn lnh t h iu hnh bi v
h iu hnh c t trn mt a cng, v b vi x l khng th bt u m khng c
cc cu lnh ch dn cch thc thc hin.
Khi m my, hy kim tra mn hnh khi ng, a s u c gi . nhn phm
DELETE vo trnh SETUP. Vi AmiBios yu cu nhn phm DEL vo trnh
setup, mt s dng mainboard khc nhn F2 (hoc F12).
Hnh 3.1.1:vo setup

By gi ta s thy tng t nh hnh di y, chn BOOT v chn Boot Device
Priority v chn thit b khi ng u tin l CDROM thit b th nh l HARD DRIVE
ta cn nhn F10 lu ci t.
Hnh 3.1.2: Vo Boot Device Priority

i vi Award Bios ta s thy mn hnh tng t nh hnh di y, chn phm nh
gi vo trnh SETUP. Vn l phm DEL.
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Hnh 3.1.3: Chn DEL

By gi chn: Advanced Bios Features.
Hnh 3.1.4: Vo Advanced Bios Features.

chnh: First Boot Device to CDROM v Second or third to HDD-0 v nhn F10
lu vo
Hnh 3.1.5: chn v lu ci t
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By gi chn: Boot Sequence v chn CD-Rom bng cch nhn phm - + v nhn phm
khong trng kch hot n. Bm ESC v chn save settings and exit (nhn F10
lu n)
3.2 Hng dn chia a

PartitionMagic l chng trnh phn vng a tt nht hin nay, v khng mt d
liu, khng d sinh li.
Ta phi khi ng my tnh MSDOS mode (dng a mm hoc "Restart in MSDOS
mode" vi Win9x) th mi c th chy PartitionMagic c. Mn hnh chnh ca
PartitionMagic nh sau (c th khc trn my khc, tu thuc vo tnh trng hin thi ca
a cng ang c trn my):
Hnh 3.2.1: partitionMagic

Trn cng l Menu ca chng trnh, ngay pha di l ToolBar.
Tip theo l mt lot cc khi "xanh xanh " biu th cc partition hin c trn a
cng hin thi.
Cui cng l bng lit k chi tit v thng s ca cc partition hin c trn a.
Nt Apply dng ghi cc chnh sa ca ta vo a (ch khi no nhn Apply th cc
thng tin mi thc s c ghi vo a). Nt Exit th chc l ai cng bit ri. Nhn vo
Exit s thot khi chng trnh.
Nhn nt phi mouse ln 1 mc trong bnng lit k th s thy 1 menu nh sau:
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Hnh 3.2.2: cc ch thch

hu ht cc thao tc u c th c truy cp qua menu ny.
Ch : Tt c cc thao tc ch bt u thc s c hiu lc (ghi cc thay i vo a
cng) khi ta nhn vo nt Apply (hoc chn lnh Apply Changes menu General, hoc
click vo biu tng Apply Changes trn Tool Bar).
To partition ta c th thc hin thao tc ny bng cch:
Chn phn a cng cn trng trong bng lit k. Vo menu Operations ri chn
Create...
Hoc click phi mouse ln phn a cng cn trng trong bng lit k ri chn Create...
trn popup menu.
Sau khi ta chn thao tc Create. Mt dialog box (hp thoi) s xut hin:
Hnh 3.2.3: dialog box

Trong phn Create as ta chn partition mi s l Primary Partion hay l Logical
Partition.
Trong phn Partition Type ta chn kiu h thng file (FAT, FAT32...) cho Partition s
c to. Partition mi s c t ng format vi kiu h thng file m ta chn. Nu ta
chn l Unformatted th ch c Partition mi c to m khng c format. Cng c
th t "tn" cho Partition mi bng cch nhp tn vo Label.
Phn Size l ta chn kch thc cho Partition mi.
Ch : nu chn h thng file l FAT th kch thc ca Partition ch c th ti a l
2Gb. V cui cng, nu nh ta chn kch thc ca partition mi nh hn kch thc ln
nht c th (gi tr ln nht trong Size) th ta c th chn partition mi nm u
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hoc cui vng a cn trng. Nu ta Ta chn Beginning of freespace th phn a cn

trng (sau khi to partition) s nm tip ngay sau Partition mi, cn nu chn End of free
space th phn a cn trng s nm ngay trc Partition mi to. V n y ta ch phi
click vo nt OK l hon tt thao tc.
Format Partition
Chn 1 partition trong bng lit k ri vo menu Operations, chn Format... hoc right
click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k ri chn Format...Hp thoi Format s xut hin.
Hnh 3.2.4: format partition

Ta chn kiu h thng file phn Partition Type, Nhp vo "tn" cho partition
Label (tu chn, c th trng),G ch OK vo Type OK to confirm parititon
format (bt buc), v nhn OK hon tt thao tc!
Ch : Nu nh kch thc ca partition m ta format ln hn 2Gb th s khng c
php chn FAT trong phn Parttition Type.
Xo Partition
Chn 1 partition trong bng lit k, vo menu Operations ri chn Delete... hoc right
click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k ri chn Delete...Hp thoi Delete s xut hin.
Hnh 3.2.5: Delete partition

G ch OK vo Type OK to confirm parititon deletion (bt buc), v nhn OK
hon tt thao tc!
Ghp 2 partition li thnh 1 partition
Chn 1 partition trong bng lit k , vo menu Operations ri chn Merge... hoc right
click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k ri chn
Merge...Mt hp thoi s xut hin.
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Hnh 3.2.6: Merge adjacent partition

Ta c th chn 1 trong cc kiu ghp nh sau:
Partiton cnh partition ta chn s c chuyn thnh 1 th mc trn partition m ta
chn.
Ta gi partition b chuyn thnh th mc l partition khch, partition cn li l partition
ch. Sau khi chn kiu ghp, ta chn tn cho th mc s cha ni dung (phn d liu) ca
partition khch trong Folder Name.
Chn kiu h thng phai cho partition kt qu trong phn File System File.
Ch : Ch c th ghp 2 partition nm cnh nhau: Sau khi ghp, partition mi s c
kch thc bng tng kch thc ca 2 partition con.
Backup d liu trc khi thc hin qu trnh ghp.
Qu trnh ghp c th s c thc hin trong mt thi gian kh di nu nh d liu trong
2 partition ghp v c ghp l ln.
Chuyn i kiu file h thng ca partition
Chn 1 partition trong bng lit k, vo menu Operations ri chn Convert hoc right
click ln 1 partition trongbng lit k ri chn Convert. Mt menu con s xut hin.
Hnh 3.2.7: Menu convert

Ta c th chn mt trong cc kiu chuyn i:
T FAT sang FAT32, HPFS hic NTFS
T FAT32 sang FAT
T NTFS sang FAT hoc FAT32.
Ngoi ra ta cng c th chuyn 1 partition t Logical thnh Primary v ngc li.
Ch : Backup d liu trc khi thc hin qu trnh chuyn i.
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Thi gian chuyn i kiu h thng file c th s rt lu i vi partition c dung lng

ln.
Cc thao tc nng cao Chn 1 partition trong bng lit k, vo menu Operations ri
chn Advanced hoc right click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k, ri chn Advanced. Mt
menu con s xut hin.
Hnh 3.2.8: Menu Advanced

Bad Sector Retest: kim tra cc sector c nh du l "bad" trn a cng xem th
n c cn s dng c na hay khng.
Hide Partition: lm "n" partition, partition sau khi lm n th h iu hnh s khng
cn nhn ra c na. lm "xut hin" li partition, ta chn lnh Unhide Partition.
(nu ta chn Advanced trn 1 partion b n th lnh Hide Partition s c thay bng
lnh Unhide Partition). Resize Root: thay i s lng file v th mc con m th mc
gc c th lu tr.
Set Active: lm cho partiton "active". Ti mt thi im ch c th c 1 partion c
active, v h iu hnh no ci trn partion active s c chn khi ng lc bt my.
Resize Clusters: thay i kch thc ca 1 cluster. Cluster l mt nhm cc sector. Mi
ln c/ghi a cng ta u truy xut tng cluster ch khng phi l tng sector; lm nh
th s tng tc truy xut a cng. Thay i kch thc cluster chnh l thay i s
sector trong mt cluster. S sector trong 1 cluster cng ln th a cng truy xut cng
nhanh, nhng cng s gy lng ph dung lng a nhiu hn.
Cc thao tc khc Kim tra li: chn 1 partition trong bng lit k, vo menu
Operations ri chn Check for Errors...
Thng tin v partition: chn 1 partition trong bng lit k vo menu Operations ri
chn Info...hoc right click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k, ri chn Info...
Tng tc cc thao tc: ta vo menu General ri chn Preferences...Trong phn
Skip bad sector checks, ta h.y nh du chn tt c cc partition trong danh sch. La
chn ny s lm cho tc ca cc thao tc nhanh hn khong 30-50%
Hnh 3.2.9: Menu General

Mt s lu chung:
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Hy backup d liu trc khi thc hin cc thao tc.

Cc thao tc ch thc s thi hnh khi ta nhn vo nt Apply (hoc chn lnh Apply
Changes menu General, hoc click vo biu tng Apply Changes trn Tool Bar). Mt
khi cc thao tc thc s thi hnh, ta hy n t kt thc, khng nn ngt ngang cng
vic ca Partition Magic, nu khng ta c th b mt ton b d liu ca a cng.
Cc con s gii hn:
32Mb: H iu hnh DOS cc version trc 3.3 khng truy xut c cc partition
c dung lng ln hn 32Mb.
512Mb: y l "mc ngn cch gia" FAT v FAT 32. Theo Microsoft khuyn co
th nu partion c dung lng t 512Mb tr xung th ta nn dng FAT, nu t
512Mb tr ln th nn dng FAT32.
2Gb: y l gii hn caFAT, h thng file FAT khng th qun l partition ln
hn 2Gb. Mt s h iu hnh gp trc trc vi partition ln hn 2Gb (DOS 6.x,
WinNT 4 khng th format c partition ln hn 2Gb).
1024 cylinder/2Gb: mt s BIOS khng th np h iu hnh nm ngoi vng 1024
cylinder u tin hoc 2Gb u tin ca a cng. Hay ni cch khc l mt s h
iu hnh ci trn vng partition nm ngoi gii hn 1024 cylinder hoc 2Gb s
khng th khi ng.
8.4Gb: cc mainboard c (trc nm 2000) c th khng nhn ra a cng c dung
lng ln hn 8.4Gb. WinNT 4 cng khng th qun l c partition ln hn
8.4Gb.
1 active partition: ti mt thi im ch c th c 1 partition c active.
4 primary partition: 1 a cng ch c th c ti a 4 partition, tuy nhin s logical
partition l khng gii hn.
2 primary partition: mt s h iu hnh b li (Win98, WinME...) nu nh cng mt
lc c 2 primary partition khng "n"; gii quyt vn ta ch cn lmn 1 trong 2
partition.
3.3 Ci t h iu hnh windows XP

Bt u ci t :
Cho a ci Windows XP vo v khi ng li my, qu trnh ci t s bt u vi mn
hnh mu xanh nh sau :
Hnh 3.3.1: bt u setup

ca s mi xut hin, Nhn ENTER ci t , sau vi pht my dng li mn hnh
sau :
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Hnh 3.3.2: nhn enter

Bm phm F8 ng ci t, sau mt lt my dng li mn hnh sau :
Hnh 3.3.3: nhn f8

Bm phm C to phn vng cho a,mn hnh sau hin th:
Hnh 3.3.3: nhn phm C

Ta hy chn kiu Format l NTFS file system sau nhn Enter tip tc
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Hnh 3.3.4: nhn enter tip tc

Tip theo l qu trnh Copy cc File ca h thng, i cho n khi mu vng chy ht
100%
Gi l lc khi ng li Win XP, ta nhn "ENTER" qu trnh xy ra nhanh chng
nu khng Windows s t ng khi ng li sau 15 giy.
Hnh 3.3.5: nhn enter khi ng lai win

Khi khi ng li, mn hnh c hin thng bo nhn mt phm bt k khi ng bng
CD-ROM, ta ng lm g c hy n tri qua, Windows ang c khi ng.
Hnh 3.3.6: Windows ang c khi ng.

By gi ta chn nh dng chun khu vc ca ta v nhn OK.
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Hnh 3.3.7: nh dng chun khu vc ca ta v nhn OK.

La chn ngn ng v vng. Chut ca ta lc ny hot ng v th ta
dng chut nhn vo "CUSTOMIZE"
Hnh 3.3.7: dng chut nhn vo "CUSTOMIZE"

By gi ta nhn vo "DETAILS".
Hnh 3.3.7: dng chut nhn vo "DETAILS".

Tip ta chn ngn ng mc nh, v nhn "OK" khi thot
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Hnh 3.3.8: dng chut nhn "OK" khi thot

By gi ta c tt c s thay i cn thit, ta nhn "NEXT"
By gi l lc ghi thng tin c nhn ca ta. Ta in tn v c th in thm ni cng tc,
lm vic. Ta nhn "NEXT" khi sn sng.
Hnh 3.3.9: ghi thng tin c nhn ca ta

Tip ta in vo kha sn phm. Sau khi in chnh xc xong ta nhn NEXT.
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Hnh 3.3.10: in key v nhn next

By gi ta t tn cho my tnh ca ta v pasword ca admin. Xc nhn li
password v nhn "NEXT"
H thng gi v ngy l phn tip theo, ta thay i nu thy cn thit, v
nhn "NEXT. Windows s tip tc c ci t ngay sau .
Hnh 3.3.11: nhn next

Nu card mng c tm thy trong my ca ta th bng sau s hin ra. Ta chn
"TYPICAL SETTINGS" v nhn NEXT.
Hnh 3.3.12: nhn next

Windows s tip tc ci t. Qu trnh ci t kt thc.
By gi l lc Windows XP khi ng li ln na, ta nhn "ENTER qu trnh
din ra nhanh chng, mt khc ta cng c th i 15 giy Windows t khi ng li
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Hnh 3.3.13: Windows t khi ng li

windows s t khi ng li v s nhn cu hnh my tnh ca ta. Ta nhn OK tip
tc.
Hnh 3.3.14: Ta nhn OK tip tc.

Nu ta ng vi s thay i ta nhn "OK" khng th ta nhn "CANCEL" ly li
vi cu hnh c. By gi WINDOWS s cp nht thay i. Ta hy kin nhn ch i.
Hnh 3.3.15: Ci t thnh cng.
Mn hnh WELCOME hin ln, v kt thc l Desktop ca Windows XP. Windows

c ci xong.
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3.4 Ci t Driver
Tt c cc thit b phn cng ca my vi tnh mun hot ng c u cn phi c
chng trnh iu khin thit b (Driver). Mt s thit b i c v thng dng nh cc
a, bn phm, chut, mn hnh,... c h iu hnh Windows h tr sn. Nu my vi
tnh c cc thit b cha c h iu hnh Windows h tr Driver th cn phi ci t
thm cho chng, cc Driver ny c cung cp km theo thit b v thng nm trong da
CD-ROM.
Ci t Driver cho cc thit b thng c thc hin ngay sau khi ci h iu hnh hoc
khi cn thay i, gn thm thit b mi. C 2 cch ci t Driver l ci t t ng v ci
t c la chn.
Ci t t ng:
i vi cch ci t ny ch cn a da CD cha Driver ca thit b cn ci vo a
ca my vi tnh, chng trnh ci t (Setup) s t ng chy v hin th bng lit k cc
Driver cn phi ci t, thng thng ch cn nguyn cc la chn mc nh v nhn
Install, Go, Next,... tin hnh ci t Driver v chng trnh ng dng cho thit b.
Hnh 3.4.1: ci t driver t ng

Nu chng trnh ci t khng t ng chy th c th truy cp vo da CD-ROM,
tm chy tp tin (File) c tn Setup (setup.exe) v theo cc hng dn ca chng trnh
ci t.
Trong qu trnh ci t c th chng trnh s yu cu khi ng li my, nhn Ok hoc
Restart ng . Sau khi khi ng chng trnh s tip tc ci t Driver cho cc thit b
cn li khc. Nu chng trnh khng t hot ng li th phi truy cp vo da CD-ROM
nh cch trn cho n khi ci t ht ton b cc Driver cn thit.
Ci t c la chn:
i vi cc thit b khng c chng trnh ci t t ng hoc khi cn nng cp Driver
mi cho thit b th c th s dng cch ci t nh sau:
Nhn nt phi chut vo biu tng My Computer v chn Properties trong Menu.
Trong System Properties chn Hardware -> Device Manager.
Trong Device Manager c hin th danh sch cc thit b ca my vi tnh v cho bit tnh
trng hot ng ca chng.
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Hnh 3.4.1: ci t driver la chn

Cc thit b c lit k theo chng loi, nhn chut vo nt hnh du + xem tn v
m s ca cc thit b bn trong.
Nhn phi chut vo thit b cha c ci Driver (c biu tng du !) v chn
Update Driver trong Menu.
Nu xut hin bng thng bo ngh kt ni Internet cp nht, chn No, not this
time v nhn Next.
Chng trnh s xut hin bng thng bo nhc a da CD-ROM cha Driver vo
da. bc ny c 2 mc la chn:
Chn Install the software automatically (Recommended) v nhn Next, nn chn mc
ny chng trnh t ng tm kim File thng tin trn tt c cc da, y l File c
phn m rng l INF, c cha cc thng tin ca thit b cn ci t. Nu tm c thng tin
cn thit, chng trnh s tin hnh ci t.
Nu khng tm c thng tin cn thit chng trnh s xut hin thng bo Cannot
Install this Hardware. Nhn Back quay li.
Chn Install from a list or specific location (advanced), mc ny s cho php ngi
dng ch nh ni cha Driver v cng c 2 la chn.
Chn Search for the best driver in these locations, nh du vo mc Include this
loacation in the search v nhn nt Browse ch ra ni c File cha thng tin (.INF) ca
thit b.
Ln lt chn da, th mc cha Driver, lu l c th c nhiu Driver dnh cho cc
phin bn Windows khc nhau (Win98, Win2000, Winxp,...) nn cn phi chn ng, ch
khi no khi tm thy File .INF nt Ok mi hin ln, nhn Ok ng . Chng trnh s
c thng tin ca File ny v nu thy ng vi thit b th s tin hnh ci t Driver.
Trong mt s t trng hp Windows s khng th nhn ra c chng loi thit b v
xut hin bng thng bo Cannot Install this Hardware, nhn Back quay li v chn
Don't search. I will choose the driver to Install v nhn Next.
Nu tm c Driver tng thch vi thit b th Windows s hin th danh sch, chn
Driver tng ng vi tn ca thit b hoc chn Have Disk chn Driver khc nu mun.
Nhn Next ci t.
Lu :
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Trong qu trnh ci t c th s xut hin cc bng cnh bo v s khng tng thch

hoc Driver cha c Windows chng nhn, nhn Continue Anyway ng v tip
tc ci t.
Nu qu trnh ci t Driver thnh cng s xut hin bng thng bo Completing the
Hardware Update Wizard, nhn Finish hon tt v quay li Device Manager, tip tc
ci t Driver cho cc thit b khc.
Mt s chng trnh sau khi ci t s yu cu khi ng li my cp nht Driver
mi, nhn Ok ng .
Trong mt s trng hp thit b khng hot ng (Disable) th truy cp vo Device
Manager, lc s thy xut hin du X mu pha trc tn ca thit b, nhn nt phi
chut vo tn thit b v chn Enable cho php hot ng tr li. Nu v l do no
m khng mun thit b hot ng th cng lm nh trn nhng chn Disable.
Sau khi ci t song h iu hnh th ta tin hnh ci dt cc phn mm
vn phng thng dng v cc ng dng khc
3.5 Gii quyt cc li khi lp rp v ci t

Sau khi lp rp mt my tnh xong, c th n s khng chy c. iu cng c
ngha l ta lp sai, b li hoc khng ph hp, vy tm ra nguyn nhn th ta phi tin
hnh kim tra tng thnh phn. cho vn gii quyt nhanh hn, trc ht bn phi
xem tnh trng my.
Vn 1 : Sau khi bt cng tc ngun nhng khng thy tn hiu hot ng:
Cc triu chng, chng hn nh n ch bo cng tc ngun khng sng ln, qut cho b
ngun khng hot ng, khng nghe thy ting bp sau khi khi ng my v cc a
khng chy, v.vNguyn nhn c th l:
B ngt ngun: kim tra cp ngun trn b ngun c ni vi gic cm ngun xem n
khp cht cha. Nu my c cng tc ngun ph th phi kim tra xem bt cng tc
ny cha.
Xc lp in p sai: Nt chuyn mch in p cung cp in p 110(115)hoc 220(230).
Gt nt ny sang v tr in p thch hp vi ngun in khu vc ca ta.
Cng tc ngun c ci t khng chnh xc: vn ny rt thng xy ra i vi cc
my tnh ATX. Cng tc ngun c ni vo bo h thng trong my tnh ATX thng b
lm nh i vi ATX, hy tham kho ti liu xc lp c chnh xc.
Ngun khng c ni vi bo h thng my tnh khng th khi ng c nu ngun
khng c ni vi bo h thng ATX. Kim tra cp ngun trn bo h thng v xem n
c ni chnh xc cha.
Ngn mch: a s cc b ngun v cc bo h thng c thit k trnh tnh trng b
ngn mch xy ra. Cc yu t nh h mch pha sau bo h thng tip xc vi v my, cc
c trn bo h thng khng s dng vng m cch in hoc cc c b mc kt c th gy
ra ngn mch.
CPU khng c ci t chnh xc: xem CPU c ci hon ton cha, i vi loi
Socket phi n cn ZIP xung.
Vn 2 : n ch bo ngun trn tm mt sng nhng n trn monitor khng sng
(hoc n c mu cam), ngun monitor khng c bt ln:
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Vn ny c th l cp ngun monitor khng c ni vi jack ngun Cp tn hiu

video cha c cm hoc cm nhng khng cht. Cc chn ca cp video monitor b gy
hoc b lch. Dy cp b t ngm.
Vn 3 : n ch bo ca tm mt sng, ngun c ni vo monitor v khng ging
vi bt k nguyn nhn k trn. Trn mn hnh khng xut hin g (ngay c trng hp c
ting bp):
Khng c mn hnh v khng c ting bip : rt c th l do CPU cha c ci t chc
chn
Mt ting bp di theo sau ba ting bp ngn: card video cha c ci t chnh xc.
Tho car video ra v ci li
Mt ting bp di (hoc mt lot ting bp): c th do module b nh cha c ci t
cn thn, xem kp hai bn module b nh n khp vo ngm module cha. Nu
module b nh c 72 chn, th ta phi ci mt cp.
Vn 4 : n ch bo trn a mm sng lin tc sau khi bt cng tc ngun my
tnh:
iu ny cho ta bit cp dp cha c ni, c th hng ci b sai hng. Quay li
ngc li u cp v ci li.
Vn 5 : My tnh b tt ngay sau khi n hin th mt s thng ip trn mn
hnh:
Hy tm hiu cc thng bo li ny trc. By gi chng ta kha st cc gii php i
vi cc kh nng khc nhau.
Li bn phm : c th co bn phm khng c ci chnh xc vo my tnh, hoc ci sai
ch, sai hng. Cng c khi chn cm b gy hay vo do chng ta s gy ra.
Sai st a cng Primary Master: Chc chn ch Master/Slave c chnh chnh
xc bng cu nhy mch cha, cp dp c ci chnh xc cha (ng vin mu trn
cp dp v dy mu ca cp ngun gn nhau).
Vn 6 : Mn hnh th hai c hin th trn monitor ch Disk boot failure, insert
v sau h thng b treo.
Thng bo ny ch h thng khng th pht hin d liu khi ng trong bt k a
no; ni cch khc, khng c a no c th s dng, nguyn nhn c th nh sau: Khng
c thit b khi ng hy kim tra xem nht a khi ng vo cha Khng th ci t
a mm c vn hoc b h ci t a mm khng chnh xc, kim tra xem a
ci ng hng cha.
Vn 7 : mn tnh b tt trong tin trnh khi ng:
y l nguyn nhn c th l do xung t cc thit b hoc h thng qu nng n thng
xy ra do my tnh s dng vt tc ng h, nn h thng t tt i trnh lm h cc
thit b trong my tnh. Hy iu chnh li tc cho ph hp, kim tra xem CPU rp v
ni qut gii nhit cha.
Xung t cc thit b : kh c th on c xem cc thit b s c b xung t vi nhau
khng. Chng ta phi xt tnh tng thch ca cc thit b khc nhau khi mua cc linh kin
ca my tnh. Khi cc thit b xung t vi nhau, tho mi th ra v tm tng vn cng
mt lc xt cc gii php.
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Phn cng h: Nu tt c cc c gng tm ra gii php khng thnh cng. Th kh

nng t nht l h phn cng, thng h trong bo h thng. Kh c th xc nh c
nguyn nhn chnh xc gy ra vn ny v tt nht a my tnh ti dch v sa cha
trc khi ht bo hnh.
Tt c cc iu ni trn c mc ch gip ta gii quyt ti a nhng trng hp gp
phi v khi ng my tnh tuy nhin, nu trng hp thm t, chng ta i u vi kh
nng phn cng b h xy ra v phi nh ti s gip ca dch v sa cha phn cng.
Vn 8 : My khi ng ngay sau khi cm in:
Khi my va cm dy ngun vo l may khi ng v vo win nh bnh thng lun.
Nguyn nhn ca hin tng ny l ta cm xai dy tn hiu POWER LED vo my tnh,
(dy ny c phn chiu n dng). Cch khc phc l ta rt dy ny ra v cm o chiu
li l c.
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CHNG 4: SA CHA MY TNH

c th sa cha c mt b my tnh th chng ta phi nm c cu to, chc
nng, nguyn l hot ng ca cc thnh phn bn trong mt my tnh, bit c nguyn
nhn ca cc s c, cch khc phc cc s c v phi tun theo mt quy trnh cht ch
khoa hc. Sau y em xin trnh by nhng vn c bn nht c th sa cha mt b
my tnh.
Sau y em xin trnh by nhng h hng c bn,cc bc kim tra, pht hin x l cc
li ca my tnh m em gp trong qu trnh thc tp.
4.1 S lc v kim tra trc khi sa cha

K thut an ton khi lp rp sa cha my vi tnh
Khi lp rp v sa cha my vi tnh phi tun th mt s nguyn tc an ton v in trnh
b in git, gy chp hoc chy n.
Phi c dng c thch hp khi lp v sa my
Khi tho lp my phi tt ngun, rt ngun in ra khi my
Khi bt my kim tra, phi dng dy tip t v ngun switching thng gy git
Khi lp ni cc b phn, cp phi thc hin theo ng ch dn, lp ng u, khng lp
ngc cp gy chp in
Khng cc vt kim loi nh c vt ri vo my, khi lp vt trnh gy chp mch.
Phng php kim tra v khc phc h hng:
Th no l mt my tt, cc du hiu
Phng php khoanh vng khu vc hng hc
Phng php thay th sa cha
Phng php s dng cc tin ch kim tra my
T chc kim tra nh k my
4.2 Cc h hng c bn v cch sa cha

Khc phc v s l cc li do phn mm: Trong qu trnh thc tp th em cm thy rng
cc li m thng gp phi ch yu l do hng, li phn mm,v ch yu nguyn nhn gy
li phn mm l do virut.
Mt s triu chng khi my nhim virus.
My ang dng th bng chuyn sang mn hnh xanh ch trng.
My chy chn hn tc bnh thng rt nhiu.
Mt s danh mc, th mc, tp tin khng th m c.
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Mt s tp c ui COM v EXE t nhin b tng thm s byte, khi ta ngh my

nhim F-virus. bit iu ta nh kch thc ca mt s tp quan trng:
Command.com 54645 byte (ca DOS6.22), foxpro.exe 411032 byte (forpro 2.6).
Tp chng trnh ui COM hoc EXE khng chy hoc sai.
My khng khi ng c t a cng hoc khng nhn bit c cng khi khi
ng my t a mm, khi ta nghi my b nhim B-virus.
Tt nhin cc triu chng trn cn c th l do li phn cng.
Cch x l khi my b nhim virus:
Khi my b nhim VIRUS chng ta tin hnh cc bc sau:
Tt hon ton my tnh loi virus ra khi b nh trong. Khi ng li my t CD.
S dng a HIRREN BOOT 9.7 tr ln, cng c th s dng cc a boot khc nh 9.5,
9.1nhng tt nht vn l 9.7, 9.8 hoc 9.9.
Vo window xp mini (window 98 mini), copy, sao lu ton b d liu c trong C vo
cc khc.
Tm kim v dit bng tay nhng con virut hay gp, nh AUTORUN.INF, tn th
mc.EXE,
Format C (khng nn format nhanh), ci hoc GHOST li cho C.
Lc ny ta cha vi vo m cc a. Cho chy cc chng trnh dit virut c bn
quyn hoc min ph, qut sch virut cc ri s dng bnh thng. Nu trong trng
hp my khng c d liu quan trng th ta c th chia li v format cc cho sch virut
ri ci li v s dng bnh thng.
4.3 Cc h hng lin quan n phn cng:

y l cc li m em gp trong qu trnh thc tp. Trong bi vit di y em c s
dng cc dng c o v kim tra sa cha c bn nh cc test Main, ng h o, v
em cng xin ni qua v cch s dng cc thit b .
Cc li lin quan n b ngun
Cch kim tra b ngun c hot ng hay khng: Dng mt dy dn ni chn th 14 (mu
xanh l) vi chn 16 (hoc chn mu en bt k), nu qut ca b ngun quay th b ngun
cn hot ng.
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Hnh 4.3.1: kim tra b ngun

H thng i khi khi ng li lin tc khi vo giao din Windows Logon.
Ngun h thng khng c kch hot khi n nt Power.
Khi cm thit b vo Front USB Port, my tnh khi ng li hoc dump treo my.
Cch khc phc:
Ngun in khng n nh, b ngun b st p, h t nn S dng n p, thay th b
ngun mi hoc sa b ngun
Kim tra b ngun, USB port, i port, kim tra dy kt ni.
Cc li lin quan n CPU:
Windows ch chy c khong 5 pht th xut hin mn hnh xanh thng bo li
(thng gi l dumping blue screen), sau my c th b treo bt c lc no khi khi
ng li.
CPU b xc lp cho chy qu tc quy nh. Cn kim tra xc lp li tc cho CPU,
nu vn cn li l do CPU b h hng.
Ch : Trc phi xc nh l h thng gii nhit, RAM, cc card cm thm, Windows
u hot ng tt.
H thng gii nhit khng hot ng hoc hot ng khng tt. Cn lm v sinh qut
gii nhit trn CPU, cc qut gii nhit khc trn bo mch ch v qut gii nhit ca b
ngun. Ta cn ch lm sch bi cho cc tm nhm gii nhit v nu qut chy tt m cc
tm nhm ny b bm bi dy th CPU hay cc chp vi x l khc cng khng thot nhit
c). Ngoi ra, khi CPU b nng nhiu (nhng cha n mc treo my) s lm Windows
chy khng n nh, thng xuyn bo li m khng tm ra nguyn nhn.
My thnh thong pht ra m thanh nh ting xe cp cu, ko di khong 20 n 30s
Nhit ca CPU tng qu mc quy nh nn b phn qun l nhit trn bo mch ch
pht bo ng. Kim tra li h thng gii nhit cho CPU, ch ct gn dy nh trong
thng my trnh trng hp thnh thong chng vng vo qut lm qut khng chy
c (c th chy qut v ko theo l chy CPU). Ta cng nn vo BIOS kim tra xem
mc nhit xc lp ngng bo ng c thp qu khng.
Cc li lin quan n MAINBOARD:
Pan 1: Khng nhn Card m rng, AGP, Sound, khng nhn RAM
Li dng ny a s l do cc mi tip xc gia main vi cc Card m rng, RAM b
hoen, r dn n khng tip xc tt.
X l: V sinh sch th li hoc chuyn sang khe cm khc, th li.
Pan 2: Cht BIOS
Li ny trc y do mt loi virus chuyn "n tht" Chip BIOS. Ngoi ra li a s l do
ngi s dng mun th chc nng nng cp BIOS m ra. Li ny nu do qu trnh
nng cp BIOS khng thnh cng th d xc nh. Cn li, phi dng card test main th
mi bit c. y ch cp ti trng hp main ta b cht do nng cp BIOS khng
thnh cng.
X l: Ghi nhn li hng sn xut Mainboard, modelcng nhiu chi tit cng tt. Ln
Internet Search tm file BIN ca BIOS Download v mang n nhng ni c chp ROM
nh h copy vo. Loi my copy ROM ny ch c nhng ni bo hnh Main ln mi c.
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Pan 3: Ph t.
Hin tng my hay treo gia chng (mn hnh ng cng khng lm g c,
thm ch nt RESET cng khng tc dng, ch c rt in ngun mi OK) a phn
cc pan khng n nh, chp chn.
Pan 4 : My c vo in, qut ngun quay nhng khng ln mn hnh,
khng c m thanh bo s c .
Kim tra:
Dng mt b ngun tt th v loi tr c nguyn nhn do ngun .
C th gn CPU sang mt Mainboard ang chy tt loi tr kh nng hng CPU
Ch gn CPU vo Mainboard, kim tra loa bo s c v chc chn l tt, cp ngun
vo Mainboard v bt cng tc P.ON
Khi ngun tt v CPU tt gn trn Mainboard, bt cng tc m khng c tn hiu g loa
bo s c l Mainboard khng hot ng
Nguyn nhn:
Chp mt trong cc ng ti tiu th
Hng mch dao ng to xung CLK trn Mainboard
Hng mch n p ngun cho CPU
Li phn mm trong ROM BIOS

Mainboard v cc linh kin lin quan n s hot ng ca Mainboard
Cc bc kim tra:
Tho tt c cc linh kin ra khi Mainboard
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Gn Card Test Main vo khe PCI
Hnh 4.3.2: Card Test Main

Cp ngun cho Main board
M ngun ( dng t vt u chp chn PWR - chn cng tc m ngun cho qut ngun
quay )
Ch thch:
Cc n +5V, 3,3V, +12V, -12V sng ngha l c cc in p +5V, 3,3V, -12V,
+12V hay cc ng p bnh thng
n CLK sng l IC dao ng to xung CLK trn Mainboard tt
n RST sng ( sau tt ) cho bit Mainboard . to xung Reset khi ng CPU .
n OSC sng cho bit CPU hot ng
n BIOS sng cho bit CPU ang truy cp vo BIOS.
Khi cha gn CPU vo Mainboard th n OSC v n BIOS s khng sng cn li tt
c cc n khc u pht sng l Mainboard bnh thng ( ring n RST sng ri tt) Khi
gn CPU vo, nu tt c cc n Led trn u sng l c Mainboard v CPU hot ng.
Hnh 4.3.3: Mainboard v CPU hot ng th. tt c n Led u sang

Mainboard b chp mt trong cc ng in p:
Mainboard b chp ng ngun 5V
Hnh 4.3.4: biu hin l n 5V tt

Mainboard b chp ng ngun 3,3V
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Hnh 4.3.5: biu hin l n 3,3V tt

Mainboard b chp ng ngun 12V
Hnh 4.3.6: biu hin l n 12V tt

Mch dao ng to xung CLK trn Mainboard khng hot ng
Hnh 4.3.7: biu hin l n CLK khng sng

Cc ng in p u tt, c tn hiu xung CLK nhng khi gn CPU vo
Mainboard khng sng n OSC
Hnh 4.3.8: biu hin l n OSC v BIOS khng sang

Khi gn CPU vo nhng n OSC v n BIOS vn khng sng, hin tng trn chng t
CPU cha hot ng.
Vi trng hp trn ta cn kim tra mch n p cp ngun cho CPU Cc n
Mosfet -> iu khin cp ngun cho CPU
Hnh 4.3.9: IC to dao ng iu khin cc n Mosfet cp ngun cho CPU

Pan 5 : Mt trong cc cng chut, bn phm hoc cng USB b mt tc dng.
Nguyn nhn: Hng IC giao tip chut, bn phm .
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Hnh 4.3.10: IC giao tip

Nguyn nhn mt tc dng cng USB
Vi cng USB khng hot ng ta cn hn li Chipset nam ( dng my hn kh li) v tn
hiu a ra cng ny c ly t Chipset nam .
Hnh 4.3.11: Cng USB ly tn hiu t Chipset nam

Cc li lin quan n RAM
Biu hin khi hng RAM
Khi RAM hng thng c biu hin l : Bt my tnh c 3 ting bt di, khng ln mn
hnh
Lu : Li Card Video cng c cc ting bp nhng thng thng l
mt ting bp di ba ting bp ngn .
Nguyn nhn :
RAM b hng
RAM cm vo Mainboard tip xc khng tt
RAM khng c Mainboard h tr v tc Bus
Kim tra RAM
Tho RAM ra ngoi, v sinh chn sch s bng xng sau lp li
Thay th mt thanh RAM mi ( lu phi thay RAM c Bus c Mainboard h tr )
Trng hp sau khi thay RAM m vn cn ting ku nhng ting ku khc i th ta cn
kim tra Card Video hoc thay th Card Video khc .
Lu : Trong tt c cc trng hp my ln c phin bn BIOS trn mn hnh l
RAM v Card Video hot ng.
Cc trng hp biu hin ca RAM thiu dung lng:
My b treo khi m nhiu chng trnh
My chy chm hn tc thng thng, mc d qut Virut .
Trong qu trnh ci t WinXP my bo li, mc d loi tr cc nguyn nhn do
a.
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Khc phc :
Thay th b nh RAM c dung lng ln hn
Vi cc my s dng cho cng vic ho nh x l nh, v Auto card, Corel Drow ,
Game 3D th b nh RAM ln dng t 512MB tr ln. Cc cng vic vn phng ch cn s
dng RAM 256 l .
Trong trng hp lp 2 thanh RAM trong 1 my tnh th nht thit phi lp 2 thanh cng
tc Bus v cng chng loi, iu ny s gip cho ngi s dng trnh c cc li v
xung t thit b vn l cc li chp chn rt kh xc nh.
4.4 Cc li c bn khc, nguyn nhn v phng php kim tra sa cha
Bnh 1 : My khng vo in, khng c n bo ngun, qut ngun khng quay.
Nguyn nhn :
Hng b ngun ATX
Hng mch iu khin ngun trn Mainboard
Hng cng tc tt m Power On
Kim tra :
S dng mt b ngun tt th, nu my hot ng c th do hng b ngun trn
my.
Mainboard => Nu my hot ng l do cng tc khng tip xc .
Cc bin php trn vn khng c l do hng mch iu khin ngun trn Mainboard .
Bnh 2 : My c n bo ngun, qut ngun quay khi bt cng tc nhng
khng ln mn hnh, khng c ting ku li Ram hay li Card Video .
Nguyn nhn :
Ngun mt in p P.G
Hng CPU
Hng Mainboard
Li phn mm trn ROM BIOS
Hng loa bn trong my v Ram hoc Card video ng thi
=> Nu cc thit b trn tt m li Ram hay Card Video th c ting ku khi khi ng .
=> Nu hng cc a th vn ln mn hnh, vn bo phin bn Bios
Kim tra :
Bn cn kim tra kt lun xem c phi do Mainboard hoc CPU hay khng ?
Trc tin hy thay mt b ngun ATX tt loi tr , nu thay ngun khc m my
chy c th do hng ngun trn my => ta sa b ngun trn my => lu chn PG
( mu xm ) khi qut ngun quay chn ny phi c in p khong 3V n 4V, nu chn
ny khng c in th my khng khi ng c. PG ( Power Good = Ngun tt )
Kim tra loa bn trong my v chc chn rng loa bn trong my vn tt.
Tho RAM, Card Video v cc a ra khi my ch li CPU gn trn
Mainboard ri bt cng tc ngun kim tra .
=> Nu khng c ting ku loa th => Mainboard hoc CPU cha hot ng
Thit lp li Jumper cho ng tc BUS ca CPU ( vi Mainboard Pentium 3 v
Pentium 4 ) => Nu thao tc nh trn nhng my vn khng c cc ting bp di loa l
hng Mainboard hoc hng CPU
Phm nh Hi_10233001
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GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
Bnh 3 : Bt ngun my tnh thy c nhng ting Bp di trong my pht ra, khng c g
trn mn hnh .
Nguyn nhn
My b li RAM => Li RAM thng pht ra nhng ting Bp....... di lin tc .
My b hng Card Video => Hng Card Video thng pht ra mt ting
Bp.......di v ba ting Bip Bip Bip ngn .
Kim tra & Sa cha :
Nu my c nhng ting Bp........Bp.......Bp....... di lin tc th thng thng do li
RAM, ta hy tho RAM ra khi Mainboard , dng du RP7 lm v sinh sch s chn tip
xc trn RAM v khe cm sau gn vo v th li .
Hnh 4.4.1: v sinh khe ram
Hnh 4.4.2: v sinh chn ram

Nu my c mt ting Bp di v nhiu ting bp ngn th thng thng l do li Card
Video .
=> ta hy v sinh chn Card Video v khe cm Card Video tng t chn RAM
Hnh 4.4.3: v sinh khe v chn card video

Bnh 4 : My tnh khi ng, c ln mn hnh nhng thng bo khng tm thy
a khi ng , hoc thng bo h thng a b hng .
Nguyn nhn :
Hng cp tn hiu ca cng
Cp ngun ca cng khng tip xc
Hng h iu hnh trn cng
u sai Jumper trn cng
Hng cng
Kim tra & Sa cha :
Cm li cp tn hiu v cp ngun ca cng cho tip xc tt
Phm nh Hi_10233001
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GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
Hnh 4.4.4: Cp cng

Nu my c hai cng th tm thi tho mt ra v th li
Nu hai cm trn mt dy cp th cn thit lp mt l MS (Master - chnh) v
mt l SL (Slaver- ph)
Hnh 4.4.5: Hai cng u chung cp

Vo mn hnh CMOS kim tra xem my nhn cng cha ?
=> Khi khi ng bm lin tip vo phm Delete vo mn hnh CMOS .
Bm vo dng Standard CMOS Feature xut hin nh sau
trn cho thy d.ng IDE Channel 0 Master nhn c [Memorex DVD +/ RW
Tru] v dng IDE Channel 2 Master nhn c [WDC WD800JD-00HKA0]
=> Nu nh tt c cc dng trn u bo [ None ] th ngha l my cha nhn c cng
no c => ta cn kim tra cp tn hiu hoc thay cp ri th li => Nu kt qu my vn
khng nhn c a th ta cn thay cng mi .
=> Nu my nhn c cng nh trn th ta hy ci t li h iu hnh cho my.
Bnh 5 : My khi ng vo n Win XP th Reset li, ci li h iu hnh Win XP th
thng bo li v khng th ci t .
Nguyn nhn :
My b li RAM ( dng nh )
My gn 2 thanh RAM khc chng loi hoc khc tc Bus
Trn Mainboard b kh hoc b phng lng cc t ho lc ngun .
My b xung t thit b, gn nhiu Card ln khe PCI
Kim tra & Sa cha :
Phm nh Hi_10233001
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GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
Kim tra RAM, nu trn my gn 2 thanh th hy tho th mt thanh ra ngoi ri th li,

khi gn 2 thanh vo my th phi cng Bus, cng chng loi v nn c dung lng bng
nhau .
Hnh 4.4.6: test ram

Thay th thanh RAM khc ri th li .
Tho ht cc Card m rng ra, ch li Card Video trn my ri th li => nu my
chy c l do li Card hoc my xung t thit b .
Quan st cc t ho lc ngun trn Mainboard nu thy c hin tng phng lung th ta
cn thay th t mi .
Hnh 4.4.7: C dy t bn trn b phng lng => cn thay mi

Ch :
Khi thay t ho trn Mainboard ta phi cho tht nhiu nha thng sao cho khi tho t ra
th mi m hn phi chm bn trong nha thng, nu ta tho khan c th s lm hng mch
in ca Mainboard.
ta c th thay t mi c in p bng hoc cao hn t hng v in dung c th thay sai
s n 20% .
Bnh 6 : My chy thng xuyn b treo hoc chy chm so vi tc thc.
Nguyn nhn :
Hng qut CPU
Cp tn hiu v cp ngun ca cng tip xc chp chn
My b nhim Virus
Li h iu hnh
Phm nh Hi_10233001
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GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
cng b Bad phn vng cha h iu hnh.

Kim tra & Sa cha
Kim tra xem qut CPU c quay bnh thng khng ?
Nu qut CPU khng quay th my s b treo, sau khi chy c vi pht
Thay th cp tn hiu ca cng v lm v sinh chn cm dy ngun ln cng ri th
li .
Nu cp tn hiu ca cng tip xc chp chn s lm cho my b treo
S dng cc phn mm mi nht qut Virus cho my, phn mm qut Virus cn phi
cp nht mi thng xuyn th qut mi c hiu qu .
Ci li h iu hnh cho my ( xem li phn ci t ) .
Sau khi lm cc bin php trn vn khng c th c th cng b Bad, nu cng
Bad nng th. khi ci h iu hnh s b li, nu Bad nh th ta vn ci t
bnh thng nhng khi s dng my hay b treo .
=> Kim tra a c Bad khng ta lm nh sau :
Vo mn hnh CMOS thit lp cho CD ROM khi ng trc. Cho a Boot CD vo,
chy trn nn DOS, ta g SCANDISK C : < Enter >
=> i cho my t qut kim tra, ta bm Enter khi my dng li sau s xut hin mn
hnh SCANDISK nh sau :
Hnh 4.4.7: C c mt s im b Bad

Vi nhng trng hp ia thuc phn vng h iu hnh b BAD (hng ) th ta c th
chia li , C trnh phn BAD ra. Nu phn BAD t th ta c th ct phn BAD i ri
chia ci li nh thng.Cn nu trng hp BAD qu nhiu th ta cn phi thay cng
mi.
Phm nh Hi_10233001
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GVHD: Bi Cng Danh
CHNG 5: KT LUN
5.1 Kt lun
Thc tp l qu trnh sinh vin c c st vi thc t gip cho sinh vin bc u thch
nghi vi cng vic sau ny. Sau khong thi gian thc tp ny sinh vin s rt ra c
nhiu kinh nghim hn so vi thc t trn ging ng.
Sau hai thng thc tp ti cng ty Tn Minh Sn, em phn no hiu r hn v cng tc v
nhim v ca ngi k thut vin. Ti y em c tip xc vi mi trng lm vic, n
mang n cho em thm nhiu iu mi l hn vi nhng g em hc c trn trng lp.
Mc d cha c lm vic nhiu vi cng vic ny nhng em ngh k thut vin l mt
cng vic hay v th v.
Vi tt c nhng g thu thp c trong thi gian qua em hon thnh bai bo co ca
mnh v ti: Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh ti cng ty Tn Minh Sn. D
cha y nhng em hy vng n s ni r hn v cng tc ca mt k thut vin ti cng
ty.
5.2 Ti liu tham kho

http://www.diendantinhoc.vn
http://www.tailieu.vn
Phm nh Hi_10233001
Page 60

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B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCM

TP.HCM, ngy 25 thng 3 nm 2013

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

TP.HCM, ngy 25 thng 3 nm 2013

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

KIN V NHN XT CA C QUAN THC TP

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

GII THIU KHI QUT V CNG TY TNHH TM V DV TN

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

CHNG 1 : GII THIU TNG QUAN V MY

1.2 phn cng v phn mm

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

Hnh 1.2.1: s cu trc my tnh

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

Cache ri chuyn xung b nh RAM. Khi iu khin chuyn gii m lnh to ra cc

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

2.3 Chun b linh kin cho mt b my tnh

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

Hnh 2.3.1: case

Hnh 2.3.2: mainboard

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

Hnh 2.3.3: CPU

Hnh 2.3.4: Ram

Hnh 2.3.5: Card video ri.

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

Hnh 2.3.6: cng HDD.

Hnh 2.3.7: Bn phm

Hnh 2.3.8: Mouse

Hnh 2.3.9: cd-rom

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

Hnh 2.3.10: card sound

Hnh 2.3.11: Speaker (Loa)

Hnh 2. 3.12: Card net

2.4 Quy trnh lp rp

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh

cch in cho phn c v c xit trnh chm in khi mainboard x dch. Cn c vo

Lp rp, ci t v sa cha my tnh

GVHD: Bi Cng Danh