PROJECT REPORT

ON

EDUCATIONAL FORUM & ONLINE MESGING SYSTEM

SUBMITTED UNDER PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT
FOR THE

AWARD OF DEGREE OF THREE YEAR FULL TIME

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

(2009-2012)
OF

MAHATMA GANDHI KASHI VIDYAPITH VARANASI

GUIDED BY:Mr. Ram Gopal Gupta Senior Lecturer SMS VARANASI

SUBMITTED BY:Niraj Srivastava

Roll No. - 11410050069

Rahul Sharma
Roll No. - 11410050083

Vikas Singh
Roll No. - 11410050119

BCA 6th SEMESTER

SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES

VARANASI

CERTIFICATE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT-

We would like to add few heartfelt words for the people who were parts of this project and its report in numerous ways. First of all, We would like to express our profound sense of gratitude and veneration to Prof. P.N. Jha , Director of school of management sciences . Also it gives immense pleasure to express my gratitude to my projrct leader and project guide Mr. Ram Gopal Gupta, Lecturer, under whose able, experienced and dynamic guidance the present

work has carried out. His sincere encouragement and enumerable valuable discussion were a constant source of inspiration to us.

We are highly thankful to our coordinator Mr. Rajeev Katare for his valuable suggestion. Last but not leastwe would like to thanks all of our friend and parents for their moral support under whose valuable co-operation and encouragement our knowledge in computer application got an edge.

SIGNATURE

Place:

Name: ...

Date: ...

Roll No. ..

PREFACE

PREFACE
Periods where major emphasis is to create an ideal system , which has maximum throughput with highest capability. Now a day, the scientific & technology research work is going on massively to understand natural events. Modern age is an age of computer. Now the whole world activities are being dependent on the computers. The world computer stands for easy accessible time saving provide accurate data and so on. So a computer is normally being an accessing device to process query can figure out query result with in a very short span of time. This

electronic device is highly efficient fast accurate machine capable of processing query performing routine as prescribed by the user. My intention worst to develop a file transfer protocol which is use to share the file from a remote control to host computer over internet because now a day mobility is very need full in network oriented system.

PROJECT TITLE

EDCATIONAL FORUM AND ONLINE MESSAGING SYSTEM

CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLES OF CONTENTS INTRODUCATION TO PROJECT OBJECTIVES OVERVIEW OF ELEMENT USED IN PROJECT Internet Java JAVA PLATEFORM CONCEPT OF OOP S & PACKAGES JSP(JAVA SERVER PAGE) Oracle(Data Base) ORACLE DBMS INTIGRITY RULE FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY OPERATIONL FEASIBILITY ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY HARDWARE REQUIREMENT SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT DATA FLOW DIAGRAM DATA FLOW DAIGRAM DFD SYMBOL 0- LEVEL 1 - LEVEL DFD 1-LEVEL DFD OF ONLINE MESSAGING ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DAIGRAM E-R MODEL E-R DAIGRAM

 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION OF

THE PROJECT

Before Starting the project we should fully know about the meaning of project. There are seven letters in the word PROJECT each character has its own technical meaning.

 Planning This deal with the idea at thinking and which are required for the project. Resource The money problem will be solved and resources from which collected. Operating The procedure from which the getting job is prepared in a systematic way is known as operation. Joint effort This is directly proper to a operation output is made of several person working sincerely is known as JOINT EFFORT. Engineering A well-educated engineer can do this work in a better way to find out better result. Hence the project is as engineering function.

Co-operation To make the project successfully, it is necessary for its success and completion of project. Technique It must as it gives a better shape. It is not possible to complete the project without technique. The simplistic definition of a forum is a place where people have the ability to start communication (in the form of threads) and reply to other people's threads. A member of the community in the forum posts a message, which is visible to everyone in that community. Once read, there is the option to post a reply, which can also be visible to the community. Thus, a discussion can build up without all users having to be online at the same time.

Online messaging system refers to The Online Messaging and Conferencing system is designed to provide fast, and reliable communication services in using the Internet as a medium. This project will enable internet users to send text messages.

OBJECTIVE

OBJECTIVES

Main Objective for Forum in Fairness in Education are : 1. To creat conditions Conducive to bring about 100% literacy amongst the indian populace in general and in the age group of 5 years to 14 years in particular.

2. To make efforts to ensure dignity for proper and adequate pay and allowances to teaching staff so as to attract talented persons through unbiased mechanimsm of selection.

3. To make efforts for periodical review of Urban Development Plans with a view to avoid concentration of urban / educational institutions in some areas and creating deficiency in other areas. To endeavour to compensate

for the loss of land for educational sector due to faulty urban land policy or due to faulty implementation or due to gross impropriety. . 4. To educate teacher in particular and parent in general on harmful effects of over-burdening children by imposing heavy syllabi and tasks beyond their capacity . 5. To sugest and / or recommend the minimum requirements for recognition/affiliation of educational institutions to the appropriate bodies. . 6. To make efforts to uphold and to implement the principle of merit for admission to educational institutions as against reservation of seats for donors, management, government, with the exception of reservation for backward classes and special concession for those who have shown recognised merit in sports, gymnastics, fine arts, oratory and such other skills. . 7. To undertake survey, investigation, research and action for ultimate total abolition of the reservation policy in a time bound programme with cooperation of the beneficiaries and to review the educational, financial and cultural advancement of the backward classes from 1950 onwards when the nation become a Republic and chart out the thrust areas of concerted action. . 8. To make efforts for reviewing the criteria for granting minority status to educational institutions under article 29 and 30 of the Constitution of India so as to bring it in line with the true meaning and interpretation of the constitutional provision and judicial pronouncements to prevent the misuse thereof. . 9. To make efforts at the level of Govt. if India and State Governments for banning admissions to educational institutions on payment of donations, Capitation fee or other contribution and for enactment of suitable legislation providing for cognizable offence under Criminal Procedure Code.

. 10.To arouse public awareness in the matters of financial irregularities, corrupt practices malpractices and misappropriation of of funds in the field of education with a view to ensuring fairness in education. . 11.To make efforts to remove the disparties in facilities and amenities between the rural municipal govt. institutions on one hand and the elite institutions with star facilities on the other hand. . 12.To make efforts for making educational institutions run by private managements/voluntary organisations with and / or wihout government grants equally accountable to the public authorities. . 13.To make efforts for establishment of adequate number of Tribunals for different levels and disciplines so as to ensure speedy redressals of disputes between managements of educational institutions and their employees . 14.To make efforts to prevent brain drain from country by imposing imigration levy or compulsory service etc. on the technical, medical and other skilled professionals. . 15.To make the parents, teachers, students aware of the current laws/rules court orders pertaining to the education. . 16.To bring about Accountability, Reasonability & Transparency in the field of Education

OVER VIEW OF ELEMENT USED IN PROJECT

1.INTERNET
A global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design. Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. Its operators can choose which Internet services to use and which local services to make available to the global Internet community. Remarkably, this anarchy by design works exceedingly well. There are a variety of ways to access the Internet. Most online services, such as America Online, offer access to some Internet services. It is also possible to gain access through a commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP). The Internet is not synonymous with World Wide Web. The internet is the most powerful and economical communication medium in the world today. Communication on the internet is done primarily through the use of e-mail and instant messenger. The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that interchange data by packet switching using the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies.

2.JAVA
JAVA
Java is a programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities. Java applications are typically compiled to byte code that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines, and class libraries were developed by Sun from 1995. The Java programming language is a high-level language that can be characterized by all of the following buzzwords: Simple Object oriented Distributed Multithreaded Dynamic Architecture neutral Portable

In the Java programming language, all source code is first written in plain text files ending with the .java extension. Those source files are then compiled into .class files by the javac compiler. A .class file does not contain code that is native to your processor; it instead contains bytecodes the machine language of the Java Virtual Machine (Java VM). The java launcher tool then runs your application with an instance of the Java Virtual Machine.

The Java Platform:A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program runs. We've already mentioned some of the most popular platforms like Microsoft Windows, Linux, Solaris OS, and Mac OS. Most platforms can be described as a combination of the operating system and underlying hardware. The Java platform differs from most other platforms in that it's a software-only platform that runs on top of other hardware-based platforms. The Java platform has two components :

The Java Virtual Machine The Java Application Programming Interface (API)

You've already been introduced to the Java Virtual Machine; it's the base for the Java platform and is ported onto various hardware-based platforms. The API is a large collection of ready-made software components that provide many useful capabilities. It is grouped into libraries of related classes and interfaces; these libraries are known as packages. The next section, What Can Java Technology Do? highlights some of the functionality provided by the API.

The API and Java Virtual Machine insulate the program from the underlying hardware .

As a platform-independent environment, the Java platform can be a bit slower than native code. However, advances in compiler and virtual machine technologies are bringing performance close to that of native code without threatening portability.

Some useful keywords of java.

CONCEPT OF OOPS & PACKAGES

What Is an Object?
An object is a software bundle of related state and behavior. Software objects are often used to model the real-world objects that you find in everyday life. This lesson explains how state and behavior are represented within an object, introduces the concept of data encapsulation, and explains the benefits of designing your software in this manner.

What Is a Class?
A class is a blueprint or prototype from which objects are created. This section defines a class that models the state and behavior of a real- world object. It intentionally focuses on the basics, showing how even a simple class can cleanly model state and behavior.

What Is Inheritance?
An interface is a contract between a class and the outside world. When a class implements an interface, it promises to provide the behavior published by that interface. This section defines a simple interface and explains the necessary changes for any class that implements it.

What Is an Interface?
An interface is a contract between a class and the outside world. When a class implements an interface, it promises to provide the behaviourpublished by that interface. This section defines a simple

interface and explains the necessary changes for any class that implements it.

What Is a Package?
A package is a namespace for organizing classes and interfaces in a logical manner. Placing your code into packages makes large software projects easier to manage. This section explains why this is useful, and introduces you to the Application Programming Interface (API) provided by the Java platform. Java has significant advantages over other languages and environments that make it suitable for just about any programming task.

The advantages of Java are as follows:

Java was designed to be easy to use and is therefore easy to write, compile, debug, and learn than other programming languages.

This allows us to create modular programs and reusable code.

One of the most significant advantages of Java is its ability to move easily from one computer system to another. The ability to run the same program on many different systems is crucial to World Wide Web software, and Java succeeds at this by being platform-independent at both the source and binary level.

Data Abstraction and Encapsulation:The wrapping of data and function into single unit (class) is known as Encapsulation. The data is not accessible to outside world, only those functions can access which are wrapped in with that data. The Insulation of data from direct access is called Data Hiding. Abstraction refers to the act of representing the essential feature without representing the details or explanations. Classes use the concept of

abstraction and are defined as a list of abstract attributes such as size, weight, and cost. The wrapping of data and function into single unit (class) is known as Encapsulation. The data is not accessible to outside world, only those functions can access which are wrapped in with that data. The Insulation of data from direct access is called Data Hiding. Java has significant advantages over other languages and environments that make it suitable for just about any programming task.

Inheritance:Inheritance is the process by which objects of one class acquire the properties of the objects of another class. It means we can add additional features to the class without modifying it. This is possible by deriving a new class from the existing one. The new class will have combined feature of both the classes.

Polymorphism:Polymorphism means the ability to take different forms at different instances. An operator may exhibit different behaviors at different instances this feature is called as Operator Overloading Polymorphism also provide the concept of Functional overloading which means single function can perform different task with same name. .

JSP (JAVA SERVER PAGES )

Architecturally, JSP may be viewed as a high-level abstraction of Java servlets JSPs are loaded in the server and are operated from a structured special installed Java server packet called a Java EE Web Application, often packaged as a file archive. JSP allows Java code and certain pre-defined actions to be interleaved with static web markup content, with the resulting page being compiled and executed on the server to deliver an HTML or XML document. The compiled pages and any dependent Java libraries use Java bytecode rather than a native software format, and must therefore be executed within a Java virtual machine (JVM) that integrates with the host operating system to provide an abstract platform-neutral environment. JSP syntax is a fluid mix of two basic content forms: scriptlet elements and markup. Markup is typically standard HTML or XML, while scriptlet elements are delimited blocks of Java code which may be intermixed with the markup. When the page is requested the Java code is executed and its output is added, in situ, with the surrounding markup to create the final page. JSPs must be compiled to Java bytecode classes before they can be executed, but such compilation is needed only when a change to the source JSP file has occurred. Java code is not required to be complete (self contained) within its scriptlet element block, but can straddle markup content providing the page as a whole is syntactically correct (for example, any Java if/for/while blocks opened in one scriptlet element must be correctly

closed in a later element for the page to successfully compile). This system of split inline coding sections is called step over scripting because it can wrap around the static markup by stepping over it. Markup which falls inside a split block of code is subject to that code, so markup inside an if block will only appear in the output when the if condition evaluates to true; likewise markup inside a loop construct may appear multiple times in the output depending upon how many times the loop body runs. The JSP syntax adds additional XML-like tags, called JSP actions, to invoke built-in functionality. Additionally, the technology allows for the creation of JSP tag libraries that act as extensions to the standard HTML or XML tags. JVM operated tag libraries provide a platform independent way of extending the capabilities of a web server. Note that not all commercial Java servers are Java EE specification compliant

ORACLE DATABASE

ORACLE DATABASE
ORACLE is a database vendor that uses to design relational database. A database management system, or DBMS, gives the user access to their data and helps them transform the data into information. Oracle allows users to create, update, and extract information from their databases. Compared to a manual filing system, the biggest advantages to a computerized database system are speed, accuracy, and accessibility. A database is a structured collection of data. Data refers to the characteristics of people, things, and events. Oracle stores each data item in its own field. In Oracle, the fields relating to a particular person, thing, or event are bundled together to form a single, complete unit of data, called a record (it can also be referred to as a row or an occurrence). Each record is made up of a number of fields. No two fields in a record can have the same field name. During an Oracle database design project, the analysis of our Business needs identifies all the fields or attributes of interest. If your business needs change over time, you define any additional fields or change the definition of existing fields.

ORACLE TABLE

Oracle stores records relating to each other in a table. A table is easily visualized as a tabular arrangement of data, not unlike a spreadsheet, consisting of vertical columns and horizontal rows. A table consists of a number of records. The field names of each record in the table are the same, although the field values may differ. Each field occupies one column and each record occupies one row. Each record is a unique entry and is Independent of any other record in the table. After the analysis of the business requirements, the database design team defines the necessary tables. Different tables are created for the various groups of information Related tables are grouped together to form a database.

DATABASE MANGEMENT SYSTEM Database :- Storage of data in large quantity Management :- database handling activties Creation of database Adding data to the datbase Modifying database to the database Removing data from database Accessing data from database System :- a complex program or software

Complex sowftware that [performs management activities like creation,addition of data modifying ,removing data on a database is called as database management system .

INTEGRITY RULES
Integrity rules are needed to inform the DBMS about certain constraints in the real world. Specific integrity rules apply to one specific database. Example: part weights must be greater than zero. General integrity rules apply to all databases. Two general rules will be discussed to deal with: primary keys and foreign keys.

PRIMARY KEYS
Primary key is a unique identifier for a relation. There could be several candidate keys, as long as the they satisfy two properties: 1. uniqueness 2. minimality From the set of candidate keys, one is chosen to be the primary key. The others become alternate keys. EXAMPLE: The relation R has several candidate keys. ID SSN License_Number NAME If we select ID to be the primary key, then the other candidate keys become alternate keys.

THE ENTITY INTEGRITY RULE

No component of the primary key of a base relation is allowed to accept nulls.

WHAT ARE NULLS? Null may mean "property does not apply". For example, the supplier may be a country, in which case the attribute CITY has a null value because such property does not apply. Null may mean "value is unknown". For example, if the supplier is a person, then a null value for CITY attribute means we do not know the location of this supplier. Nulls cannot be in primary keys, but can be in alternate keys. EXAMPLE: SSN may be null for one and only one person (why?)

FOREIGN KEYS
A foreign key is an attribute of one relation R2, whose values are required to match those of the primary key of some other relation R1 (R1 and R2 can be identical) EXAMPLE: SP relation has attribute S#, and S relation has primary key S#. Then S# in SP is considered a foreign key.

REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY RULE

EXAMPLE: The three 3NF relations are: SP(S#,P#,QTY) SC(S#,CITY) CS(CITY,STATUS) The referential diagrams are: SP ---S#---> SC ---CITY---> CS DELETE INTEGRITY RULE: We should not delete (S5,London) from SC if S5 is present in SP. INSERT INTEGRITY RULE: We should not insert (S3,P2,200) into SP unless S3 is present

in SC.

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

FEASIBILITY STUDY
Feasibility studies aim to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of the existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats as presented by the environment, the resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success. In its simplest term, the two criteria to judge feasibility are cost required and value to be attained. As such, a welldesigned feasibility study should provide a historical background of the

business or project, description of the product or service, accounting statements, details of the operations and management, marketing research and policies, financial data, legal requirements and tax obligations. Generally, feasibility studies precede technical development and project implementation.

Five common factors (TELOS) Technology and system feasibility The assessment is based on an outline design of system requirements in terms of Input, Processes, Output, Fields, Programs, and Procedures. This can be quantified in terms of volumes of data, trends, frequency of updating, etc. in order to estimate whether the new system will perform adequately or not. Technological feasibility is carried out to determine whether the company has the capability, in terms of software, hardware, personnel and expertise, to handle the completion of the project. In our project we use java in which we use Servlets, java server page Java Beans, Database Connectivity. Oracle 10 g for database.

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY
Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a new system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system. An entrepreneur must accurately weigh the cost versus benefits before taking an action. Cost-based study: It is important to identify cost and benefit factors, which can be categorized as follows: 1. Development costs; and 2. Operating costs. This is an analysis of the costs to be incurred in the system and the benefits derivable out of the system.

Time-based study: This is an analysis of the time required to achieve a return on investments. The future value of a project is also a factor. In our project the software which we use for develop our project is totally free either it is java, Oracle 10 g. So there is no economically cost.

LEGAL FEASIBILITY
Determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements, e.g. A data processing system must comply with the local Data Protection Acts. Since all the software we are using is free, so we are not violating any anti piracy law.

OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY
Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and takes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development. This software fulfill all the needs of car showroom departmental stores.

SCHEDULE FEASIBILITY
A project will fail if it takes too long to be completed before it is useful. Typically this means estimating how long the system will take to develop, and if it can be completed in a given time period using some methods like payback period. Schedule feasibility is a measure of how reasonable the project timetable is. Given our technical expertise, are the project deadlines reasonable? Some

projects are initiated with specific deadlines. You need to determine whether the deadlines are mandatory or desirable. Since, we are using rapid development tools . Therefore the software will be easily completed on schedule.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
1.PROCESSOR :PENTIUM(ANY) OR DAUL (CORE)

2. RAM :-512 MB+ 3. HARD DISK:SATA 40 GB OR ABOVE

4.MONITOR 14.1 OR 15-17 INCH 5.KEYBOARD ,MOUSE

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
OPERATING SYSTEM :WINDOWS 7, WINDOWS XP AND HIEHGER JSP(JAVA SERVER PAGE) ORACLE 10g

DATA FLOW DAIGRAM

DATA FLOW DAIGRAM

A data flow diagram is graphic representation of the flow of data through business functions or processes. More generally, a data flow diagram is used for visualization and data processing. It illustrates the process, data stores, and

external entities, data flows in a business or other system and the relationships between these things. Physical DFDs represent physical files and transactions, or while logical or conceptual DFDs can be used to represent business functions or processes. DFDs can be of an existing system, or can describe the requirements for a proposed or planned system. A DFD of an existing system should represent the functions and processes that are already in place, flaws and all. A required system DFD is a diagram of a system that will be implemented in the place of the current one, The data flow diagram shows the flow of data or information. It can be partitioned into single processes or functions. Data flow diagrams can be grouped together of decomposed into multiple processes. There can be physical DFD s that represents the physical files and transactions, or they can be business DFD (aka logical, or conceptual).

When it is used
This is an excellent communication tool for analysts to model processes and functional requirements. One of the primary tools of the structured analysis efforts of the 1970s it was developed and enhanced by the likes of Yourdon, McMenamink, Palmer, Gane and Sarson. It is still considered one of the best modeling techniques for eliciting and representing the processing requirements of a system. Used effectively, it is useful and easy to understand modeling tool. It has broad application and usability across most software development projects. It is easily integrated with data modeling, word flow modeling tool, and textual specs. Together with these, it provides analysts and developers with solid models and specs. Alone, however, it has limited visibility. It is simple and easy to understand by users and can be easily extended and refined with further specification into a physical version for the design and the development teams.

DATA FLOW

DIAGRAM SYMBOLS

DATAFLOW DAIGRAM SYMBOL

Process

Process

Depending on the level of the diagram it may represent the whole system as in a Context(level 0) diagram or a business area, process(activity), function, etc. in lower levels.

Symbol: Circle or a rounded rectangle. In the physical model, a program label is identified in the bottom of the symbol.

External Entity

Entity

Symbol: Rectangular box, which may be shaded. A person or group, which interacts with the system. Something outside the system. It is not a user. Usually external to the business or the system but may be internal.

Data Store

A repository of information. In the physical model, this represents a file, table, etc. In the logical model, a data store is an object or entity.

Symbol: Two parallel lines, or an open ended rectangle.

Data Flows

The directional movement of data to and from External Entities, the process and Data Stores. In the physical model, when it flows into a data store, it means a write, update, delete, etc. flows out of Data Stores, mean read, query, display, select types of transaction.

Symbol: Solid line with arrow. Each data flow is identified with a descriptive name that represents the information ( data packet ) on the data flow.

0-LEVEL DATA FLOW DIGRAM

0-LEVEL DATA FLOW DIGRAM

CLIENT

Educational Forum & Online Messaging Acknowledgement ResultSystem

Login Info Query

EXPLANATION OF 0 LEVELS
In the 0-level DFD a server is connect with client. First of all, client send the request to the server for user authentication. Server sends response to client authentication. If the authentication becomes successful then the messaging starts.

1-LEVEL DATA FLOW DIGRAM

1-LEVEL DATA FLOW DIGRAM

Login

USER

Login

login process

Login DB

Login Status

Result

Query/Answer

Query

Query Ans ID
Ans DB Query DB Answer Psst Details

1.LEVEL DFD OF ONLINE MESSAGING SYSTEM

1-LEVEL DFD OF ONLINE MESSAGING SYSTEM

Request( authentication )

acknowledgement

USER
respon

verification

serve r
S e ar c h

RESPONCE

Acknowledge( NEW,OLD ) User

Send information REPLY

STA connectivity R RT E MAS P SEGI L NG Y MESSAGING

USER LIST

EXPLANATION OF 1.LEVEL DFD OF ONLINE MESSAGING SYSTEM

The First level DFD shows that one user is connected to the server and server is connected to the user of the database and user sends the request for authentication to the server and the server after verification server is

also send a response to user. And then server is connected to the user list and check out the user when that use T r is fount in user list then server send a request to the connecting with the user connectivity. When this work is completed then user connectivity check the user-ID coming from the user side is new or old. When all above process is completed, now any user can communicate with anyone present in the user list and share the TEXT files.

ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

user

pass addr ess Phon no.

Login Table

emaili d

Question Submit 1 query Qid

M M
Posted Query DataBase

User id

The Entity-Relationship Model

The Entity-Relationship (ER) model was originally proposed by Peter in 1976 as a way to unify the network and relational database views. Simply stated the ER model is a conceptual data model that views the real world as entities and relationships. A basic component of the model is the Entity-Relationship diagram which is used to visually represent data objects. Since Chen wrote his paper the model has been extended and today it is commonly used for database design for the database designer, the utility of the ER model is: 1. It maps well to the relational model. The constructs used in the ER model can easily be transformed into relational tables. 2. It is simple and easy to understand with a minimum of training. Therefore, the model can be used by the database designer to communicate the design to the end user.

3. In addition, the model can be used as a design plan by the database developer to implement a data model in specific database management software.

Basic Constructs of E-R Modeling

Entities
Entities are the principal data object about which information is to be collected. Entities are usually recognizable concepts, either concrete or abstract, such as person, places, things, or events which have relevance to the database. Some specific examples of entities are EMPLOYEES, PROJECTS and INFORMATION. An entity is analogous to a table in the relational model. Entities are classified as independent or dependent (in some methodologies, the terms used are strong and weak, respectively). An independent entity is one that does not rely on another for identification. A dependent entity is one that relies on another for identification. An entity occurrence (also called an instance) is an individual occurrence of an entity. An occurrence is analogous to a row in the relational table.

Relationships
Relationship represents an association between two or more entities. Relationships are classified in terms of degree, connectivity, cardinality, and

existence. These concepts will be discussed below.

Attributes
Attributes describe the entity of which they are associated. A particular instance of an attribute is a value.The domain of an attribute is the collection of all possible values an attribute can have. Attributes can be classified as identifiers or descriptors. Identifiers, more commonly called keys, uniquely identify an instance of an entity. A descriptor describes a non-unique characteristic of an entity instance.

Classifying Relationships
Relationships are classified by their degree, connectivity, cardinality, direction, type, and existence.

Degree of a Relationship
The degree of a relationship is the number of entities associated with the relationship. Then-aryrelationship is the general form for degree n. Special cases are the binary, and ternary, where the degree is 2, and 3, respectively. Binary relationships, the association between two entities are the most common type in the real world. A recursive binary relationship occurs when an entity is related to itself. A ternary relationship involves three entities and is used when a binary relationship is inadequate. Many modeling approaches recognize only binary relationships. Ternary or n-ary relationships are decomposed into two or more binary relationships.

Direction

The direction of a relationship indicates the originating entity of a binary relationship. The entity from which a relationship originates is the parent entity; the entity where the relationship terminates is the child entity. The direction of a relationship is determined by its connectivity. In a one-to- one relationship the direction is from the independent entity to a dependent entity. If both entities are independent, the direction is arbitrary. With one- to-many relationships, the entity occurring once is the parent. The direction of many-to-many relationships is arbitrary.

ER Notation
There is no standard for representing data objects in ER diagrams. Each modeling methodology uses its own notation. The original notation used by Chen is widely used in academics texts and journals but rarely seen in either CASE tools or publications by non-academics. Today, there are a number of notations used, among the more common are Bachman, crow's foot, and IDEFIX. All notational styles represent entities as rectangular boxes and relationships as lines connecting boxes. Each style uses a special set of symbols to represent the cardinality of a connection. The notation used in this document is from Martin.

The symbols for basic ER constructs

Entities are represented by labeled rectangles. The label is the name of the entity. Entity names should be singular nouns.Relationships are represented by a solid line connecting two entities. The name of the relationship is written above the line. Relationship names should be verbs. Attributes, when included, are listed inside the entity rectangle. Attributes which are identifiers are underlined. Attribute names should be singular nouns. Cardinality of many is represented by a line ending in a crow's foot. If the

crow's foot is omitted, the cardinality is one. Existence is represented by placing a circle or a perpendicular bar on the line. Mandatory existence is shown by the bar (looks like a 1) next to the entity for an instance is required. Optional existence is shown by placing a circle next to the entity that is optional.

ER DIAGRAM

There are various object based models the most widely used Entity Relationships model. It is accepted as the ideal data model in 1976 and since then several people have added value to its. The ER model is based on the real world perception that comprises a collection of object objects or entities and the relationship among these. The ER diagram is a diagramming techniques. The ER diagram consists the three following parts. ENTITIES RELATIONSHIPS ATTRIBUTES

ENTITIES
An entities is define as a thing which can be easily identify an entities is any object, place, person etc. Example of an entities are student, courses, mango etc.

RELATIONSHIPS
A relationship is defines as an association among entities or in other word link between entities. Example There is a relationship (teach) between student and teacher.

TYPE OF RELATIONSHIP
One to one One to many(or many to one) Many to many

ATTRIBUTES
An attribute is a property of a given entity. Example Roll no. is a property of an entity of student. An attribute instance is a particular property of an individual entity

CONCLUSION

Conclusion
The project edcauational forum and online messaging system , The Educational Forum is targeted toward educators, from classroom teachers to college/university professors, theorists, researchers, graduate-level students, and policy makers. The Educational Forum intends to serve as a catalyst for stimulating and encouraging dialogue and for transforming the thinking about education. Online messaging system refers to the casual chat between the two or more users.

FUTURE

ENHANCEMENT

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
The project(educational forum and online messaging system ) is generalized software and can be easily used. The change in software can be easily accommodated. The addition and deletion of the modules in software can be easily adjusted .the software can be enhanced up to any legal extent depending upon clients requirement.

BIBLIOGRPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY
These are the following links which assist me at each and every step in completing this project. 1. www.wikipedia.com 2. www.answers.com 3. www.askme.com Instead of these useful website, following books also help me: 1. Object Oriented Programming with JAVA by Khalid Mughal. 2. Black Books(J2SE, J2EE). 3. Oracle(Complete Reference).